Pharmacological Research - Natural Products最新文献

The present study was carried out to explore the potential of aqueous extract of leaves of Bauhinia variegata (AE) in the treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats with streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 55 mg/kg (i.p.). Four weeks after induction of diabetes animals were treated with the extract at a dose of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 28 days. On the 28^th day, biochemical parameters (glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, total protein, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) and urine parameters (total protein, creatinine) were evaluated. After completion of 28 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed and kidneys were isolated. Histopathological evaluation of kidney tissue was carried out by staining the tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain, Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) stain and Trichrome stain. Treatment with AE to diabetic rats for 28 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and biochemical parameter like albumin, total protein, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) which is an important marker for the progression of diabetic nephropathy. AE treatment also improved the urine parameters and histological changes in kidney tissue of STZ induced diabetic rats after 28 days of treatment. In-vitro advanced glycation end product inhibitory assay showed that AE possesses AGE inhibitory activity which can play important role in the prevention of DN progression. Present studies proved the potential of aqueous extract of Bauhinia variegata leaves and open a new alternative treatment approach for diabetic nephropathy.

Impact of an innovative antioxidant wall material, vanillic acid-grafted chitosan, on enhancement of oxidative stability was investigated. Microencapsulation with the aid of spray drying was proven to be an effective method for preserving omega-3 fatty acids. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were used to examine the effects of microcapsules loaded with sardine oil and vanillic acid-grafted chitosan (SO-MC) as wall material. Antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects were significantly enhanced in rat models treated with 500 mg/kg of SO-MC. The lack of aberrant weight fluctuations or mortality in an acute toxicity assessment indicated that there were no symptoms of toxicity. Addition of SO-MC into the meal resulted in dose-dependent decreases in blood glucose levels as compared to the diabetes control group. Treatment with SO-MC reduced lipid peroxidation, whereas increased production of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GSH), two crucial antioxidants, as compared to the diabetes control group. These findings underscore the potential utility of SO-MC as a promising dietary supplement for the management of hyperglycemia

Apium leptophyllum (AL) has significantly been used in traditional medicine. The present study was planned to evaluate the phytochemical screening and anti-proleferative potential of AL seed extract. Phytochemical analysis of seed extract was performed by HPLC and FTIR. Furthermore, anti-proliferative potential of ethanolic extract of AL seeds was evaluated on five different cell lines by using the MTT assay. Colony formation assay of ethanolic extract of AL seeds was checked on MCF-7 and A549 cancer cells. DAPI was performed to evaluate the induction of apoptosis by AL extract on MCF-7 cells. The HPLC analysis of ethanolic extract of AL showed presence of Thymol as main constituent. The FTIR analysis of ethanolic extract of AL showed presence of alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, ketones etc. The results of anti-proliferative assay of ethanolic extract of AL showed concentration dependent antiproliferative activity on each cell line. The antiproliferative efficacy of AL was seen more in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and lung cancer cells (A549) and least effect was shown on liver cancer cell line. Colony formation assay showed concentration dependent inhibition. By performing apoptotic assay on MCF-7 cell line using DAPI dye. AL treated cells showed apoptotic changes such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. The current study confirms the potential bioactivity of the plant being investigated. Consequently, with continued pre-clinical and clinical research, this study could contribute to the development of a safe, affordable, and effective anticancer medication for the well-being of individuals.

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound that functions as a metabolic regulator and an antioxidant, among other beneficial properties. Its favorable impacts on metabolism have served as the basis for its use in management of diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. This review aims to elucidate the role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in modulating metabolic processes through its effects on the Insulin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and hypothalamic AMPK. ALA, with its documented potent antioxidant properties, has been shown to enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, a crucial signaling pathway for cellular glucose metabolism. Additionally, ALA influences energy homeostasis and fatty acid oxidation via the activation of AMPK. In the hypothalamus, ALA-mediated activation of AMPK plays a significant role in appetite regulation and energy expenditure, with an overall effect on metabolism. This review synthesizes and analyzes current research on ALA's multifaceted actions, focusing on its effects on metabolism and highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders.

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder characterised by the disruption of the epithelial barrier and formation of mucosal ulceration. Though the current treatment mainly includes synthetic drugs, herein, we hypothesised that a co-delivery of bioavailable and water-soluble forms of turmeric extract (curcumin) along with asafoetida oleo-gum-resin (hereinafter referred to as ‘CUAS’) may have synergistic effects to alleviate IBD safely.

Methods

The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, bioavailability of the formulation was investigated and in the second phase, its effect on 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced IBD model of rats were investigated. In this model, Wistar rats (n = 30) were randomised into 5 groups, [Group I-control, Group II–TNBS treated IBD group (100 mg/kg; intrarectal), Group III-Standard drug (Sulfasalazine; 50 mg/kg b. wt. orally), Group IV – standard curcumin complex (UC; 200 mg/kg b. wt.), Group V –Curcumin/asafoetida co-delivery form (CUAS; 200 mg/kg b. wt.)]. IBD was induced to group II to V animals, and then treated with the respective drugs for 24 days. Then the animals were sacrificed and various biochemical parameters including ulcer index, antioxidant levels, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological analysis of the colon were carried out.

Results

The results revealed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of the clinical manifestations related to IBD, along with a significant reduction (P < 0.05) for the ulcer index, oxidative stress, and significant enhancement (P < 0.05) in endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels among CUAS treated animals. Histopathological observations also showed a significant reduction in TNBS-induced colon lesions. No necrosis, cellular infiltration, haemorrhage, or oedema was observed among the CUAS-treated animals, indicating better gastroprotective effect of CUAS compared to the standard curcumin treatment.

Conclusions

The enhanced effect of CUAS was attributed to the improved bioavailability (22.8-fold) of CUAS compared to standard curcumin treated group.

Backgrounds

Denbinobin is an important phytochemical of the several Dendrobium or Ephemerantha species, including Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium moniliforme, Ephemerantha fimbriata and Ephemerantha ionchophylla. Denbinobin have numerous pharmacological activities in medicine such as anti-oxidant, anti-platelet, anti-inflammation, anti-HIV, and anti-cancer activity. The aim of the present study is to collect and described all the scientific information of denbinobin in order to know the biological importance of denbinobin in medicine.

Methods

Biological potential of denbinobin has been analyzed and discussed in the present work in order to know the therapeutic potential of denbinobin in medicine with their analytical aspects. Scientific information of denbinobin has been collected through available scientific data in Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct and analyzed in the present work in order to know their therapeutic potential in medicine. Further, pharmacological data of denbinobin for their anticancer activities has also been discussed in detailed manner. Analytical parameters of denbinobin were also presented here in very concise manner in the present work to know the biological importance of denbinobin in medicine.

Results

Present paper described the therapeutic potential of denbinobin in medicine with their numerous pharmacological activities in very concise manner. Present paper scientific data signified the biological importance of denbinobin in breast cancer, angiogenesis, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, leukemia, colorectal cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, osteoarthritis, hepatic stellate, and HIV-1 replication. Further scientific research work also signified the biological effect of denbinobin in medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and cytotoxic potential.

Conclusion

Present paper described the biological role of denbinobin in scientific research in order to know its health beneficial aspects in medicine.

The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide due to severe antibiotic abuse in the past few decades; among them, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is of major concern. Study examines potent antimicrobial compounds against Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) efflux system. Interactome data serves as a primary focal point for global MRSA infection control initiatives. We employed CB Dock and Discovery Studio for performing docking analysis on specific antimicrobial compounds against NorA, NorB, and NorG. Additionally, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations using myPresto. In vitro validation was done by agar-based EtBr cartwheel method to assess the efflux pump activity of MRSA. Out of the eight screened antimicrobial compounds, quercetin exhibited favorable binding energies. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on quercetin complexes with NorA, NorB, and NorG. In vitro result revealed that the quercetin is active at concentration of 60 µg/ml ±10 against MRSA to inhibit efflux mechanisms. Quercetin demonstrated the most promising binding affinity with the efflux pumps and their regulators of MRSA, making it the prime candidate for use with antibiotics. In-vivo experiments must be performed to validate the in-silico and in vitro analysis.

Myrtenol is a bicyclic alcohol monoterpene and is frequently employed in the manufacturing of beauty products and food flavoring agents. It is a transparent, nearly colorless liquid and is isolated from the essential oil of various plants like Myrtus communis L., Aegle marvels (L.) Correa and Rhodiola rosea L. Myrtenol has been shown to have powerful pharmacological effects in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. These effects include anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anxiolytic, gastroprotective, and anti-nociceptive properties. Myrtenol's pharmacological action is achieved via modifying the expression of several markers. This review focuses on highlighting various sources of Myrtenol and discussing all the pharmacological activities of Myrtenol till date.

Introduction

For many years, medicinal plants have been used in Ethiopia to manage a wide range of diseases. Documenting use of the plants for traditional medicine is necessary bases for obtaining new lead bioactive plant based natural products for the discovery of allopathic drugs, preserving the associated local knowledge and medicinal plants. This study aimed to document ethnobotanical knowledge associated with medicinal plants, parts used, route of preparations, and mode of administration.

Methods

The study was conducted from February 2017 to March 2018. The data were collected by interviewing 177 (139 male and 38 female) informants. Semistructured interviews, group discussions, guided field waks and quantitative approaches, such as informant consensus factors and ranking were used to collect and quantify the data. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel, t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

A total of 57 medicinal plant species belonging to 51 genera in 36 families were used by local people to prevent various ailments. The Asteraceae was the dominant family contributing the greatest number of medicinal plants. Leaves were the most widely used plant parts for treating human ailments (20, 56.7 %). Most of the collected traditional medicinal plants were used for treating human ailments directly (11, 28 %), while crushing was the most common method of preparation for treating livestock ailments (42, 70.2 %). Half of the herbal medicines were prepared for internal use, accounting for 31 (54.4 %). The findings showed that Cynoglossum coeruleum was the most preferred species for treating febrilosis, accounting for 33 cases. The highest informant consensus factor (0.83) was obtained for diseases related to febrilosis, and the lowest (0.56) was obtained for diseases associated with livestock (leech infestation and ectoparasites).

Conclusions

This study showed that medicinal plants in the study area, coupled with rich indigenous knowledge, were used by a large member of the population and are the most important means of treating some common ailments. However, medicinal plants in the study district are under pressure due to both natural and anthropogenic influences. Hence, the declining medicinal plants in the area require the application of complementary on-site and off-site conservation approaches.

Developing nations across the globe place significant importance on ensuring the complete protection, efficacy, and quality of herbal products and medicinal plants. Among these beneficial plants, Commiphora gileadensis stands out due to its diverse array of biological activities. The bark of this plant species offers numerous therapeutic advantages, including its potential for treating wounds, inflammatory conditions, and bacterial infections. To explore the process of extraction of biologically active components, this study employed ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) on ethanolic extracts of C. gileadensis bark. Various variables of UAE process, such as ultrasonic frequency, extraction time, sample-to-solvent ratio, and ethanol concentration, were carefully investigated via the ‘’One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT)’’ method to understand their individual impacts on the extraction process. The obtained extracts underwent further analysis to identify the presence of different phytochemicals, employing techniques such as ‘’Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)’’. The experimental results demonstrated that the UAE process yielded promising outcomes, with the maximum extraction yields, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of the ethanolic extract from C. gileadensis bark reaching 37.60 ± 0.31 %, 149.75 ± 3.23 mg GAE/g d.w., and 44.84 ± 3.02 mg QE/g d.w., respectively. Additionally, this study successfully identified a total of 30 phenolic compounds present in the C. gileadensis bark extract for the first time, highlighting the efficacy of UAE as a suitable method for efficiently extracting various groups of phytochemicals from the bark of C. gileadensis.