Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100082
M.E.J. Woolhouse
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant and growing threat to human health. A recent United Nations General Assembly declaration highlights that those in need must have sustained access to effective treatments. In the absence of a reliable supply of new drugs, pressure on existing drugs can be reduced by minimising demand. Routes to reducing demand include: promotion of WASH (access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene) and Universal Health Coverage (UHC); improved infection control in health care settings; and continued efforts to curtail drug use in agriculture. This is a One Health strategy, requiring coordinated action across the human, livestock and environmental sectors.
{"title":"One Health approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance","authors":"M.E.J. Woolhouse","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant and growing threat to human health. A recent United Nations General Assembly declaration highlights that those in need must have sustained access to effective treatments. In the absence of a reliable supply of new drugs, pressure on existing drugs can be reduced by minimising demand. Routes to reducing demand include: promotion of WASH (access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene) and Universal Health Coverage (UHC); improved infection control in health care settings; and continued efforts to curtail drug use in agriculture. This is a One Health strategy, requiring coordinated action across the human, livestock and environmental sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100069
Lei Lei , Panfeng Xiong , Zelin Yan , Yanyan Zhang , Yuchen Wu , Gongxiang Chen , Houhui Song , Rong Zhang
Background
Over the past few decades, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health challenge in human and veterinary medicine. Research on AMR genes in captive wild animals has increased. However, the presence and molecular characteristics of tet(X)-carrying bacteria in these animals remain unknown.
Methods
Eighty-four samples were collected from captive wild animals. tet(X) variants were detected using polymerase chain reaction and the isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. All isolated strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. The virulence of an Escherichia coli strain carrying enterotoxin genes was assessed using a Galleria mellonella larval model.
Results
We isolated two tet(X4)-positive E. coli strains and one tet(X4)-positive Raoultella ornithinolytica strain. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that all three tet(X4)-carrying bacteria were sensitive to the 13 tested antimicrobial agents, but exhibited resistance to tigecycline. Notably, one tet(X4)-carrying E. coli strain producing an enterotoxin had a toxic effect on G. mellonella larvae. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that the two tet(X4)-carrying E. coli strains had more than 95% similarity to tet(X4)-containing E. coli strains isolated from pigs and humans in China.
Conclusion
The genetic environment of tet(X4) closely resembled that of the plasmid described in previous studies. Our study identified tet(X4)-positive strains in wildlife and provided valuable epidemiological data for monitoring drug resistance. The identification of enterotoxin-producing E. coli strains also highlights the potential risks posed by virulence genes.
背景在过去的几十年里，抗菌药耐药性（AMR）已成为人类和兽医面临的全球性健康挑战。对圈养野生动物中 AMR 基因的研究也在增加。采用聚合酶链式反应检测 tet（X）变体，并采用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱法鉴定分离菌株。对所有分离菌株进行了抗菌药敏感性测试和全基因组测序。结果我们分离出两株 tet（X4）阳性大肠杆菌和一株 tet（X4）阳性鸟疫杆菌。抗菌药敏感性测试显示，这三种携带 tet(X4) 的细菌都对 13 种测试过的抗菌药敏感，但对替加环素表现出耐药性。值得注意的是，一株产生肠毒素的大肠杆菌（tet(X4)-carrying E. coli strain）会对G. mellonella幼虫产生毒性作用。全基因组测序分析表明，这两株携带 tet(X4) 的大肠杆菌与中国从猪和人体内分离出的含有 tet(X4) 的大肠杆菌相似度超过 95%。我们的研究发现了野生动物中的 tet（X4）阳性菌株，为监测耐药性提供了宝贵的流行病学数据。产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌株的鉴定也凸显了毒力基因带来的潜在风险。
{"title":"Emergence of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance tet(X4) gene in Enterobacterales isolated from wild animals in captivity","authors":"Lei Lei , Panfeng Xiong , Zelin Yan , Yanyan Zhang , Yuchen Wu , Gongxiang Chen , Houhui Song , Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Over the past few decades, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health challenge in human and veterinary medicine. Research on AMR genes in captive wild animals has increased. However, the presence and molecular characteristics of <em>tet</em>(X)-carrying bacteria in these animals remain unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighty-four samples were collected from captive wild animals. <em>tet</em>(X) variants were detected using polymerase chain reaction and the isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. All isolated strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. The virulence of an <em>Escherichia coli</em> strain carrying enterotoxin genes was assessed using a <em>Galleria mellonella</em> larval model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We isolated two <em>tet</em>(X4)-positive <em>E. coli</em> strains and one <em>tet</em>(X4)-positive <em>Raoultella ornithinolytica</em> strain. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that all three <em>tet</em>(X4)-carrying bacteria were sensitive to the 13 tested antimicrobial agents, but exhibited resistance to tigecycline. Notably, one <em>tet</em>(X4)-carrying <em>E. coli</em> strain producing an enterotoxin had a toxic effect on <em>G. mellonella</em> larvae. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that the two <em>tet</em>(X4)-carrying <em>E. coli</em> strains had more than 95% similarity to <em>tet</em>(X4)-containing <em>E. coli</em> strains isolated from pigs and humans in China.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The genetic environment of <em>tet</em>(X4) closely resembled that of the plasmid described in previous studies. Our study identified <em>tet</em>(X4)-positive strains in wildlife and provided valuable epidemiological data for monitoring drug resistance. The identification of enterotoxin-producing <em>E. coli</em> strains also highlights the potential risks posed by virulence genes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949704324000088/pdfft?md5=44875ffe21e650b44773b672a8ffd75b&pid=1-s2.0-S2949704324000088-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100088
John E. Moore , Beverley C. Millar
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The One Health approach involves collaboration across several sectors, including public health, veterinary and environmental sectors in an integrated manner. These sectors may be disparate and unrelated, however to succeed, all stakeholders need to understand what the other stakeholders are communicating. Likewise, it is important that there is public acceptance and support of One Health approaches, which requires effective communication between professional and institutional organisations and the public. To help aid and facilitate such communication, written materials need to be readable by all stakeholders, in order to communicate effectively. There has been an exponential increase in the publication of papers involving One Health, with <5 per year, in the 2000s, to nearly 500 published in 2023. To date, readability of One Health information has not been scrutinised, nor has it been considered as an integral intervention of One Health policy communication. The aim of this study was therefore to examine readability of public-facing One Health information prepared by 24 global organisations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Readability was calculated using <em>Readable</em> software, to obtain four readability scores [(ⅰ) Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), (ⅱ) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), (ⅲ) Gunning Fog Index and (ⅳ) SMOG Index] and two text metrics [words/sentence, syllables/word] for 100 sources of One Health information, from four categories [One Health public information; PubMed abstracts; <em>Science in One Health</em> (SOH) abstracts (articles); SOH abstracts (reviews)].</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Readability of One Health information for the public is poor, not reaching readability reference standards. No information was found that had a readability of less than 9th grade (around 14 years old). Mean values for the FRE and FKGL were (19.4 ± 1.4) (target >60) and (15.6 ± 0.3) (target <8), respectively, with mean words per sentence and syllables per word of 20.5 and 2.0, respectively. Abstracts with “One Health” in the title were more difficult to read than those without “One Health” in the title (FRE: <em>P</em> = 0.0337; FKGL: <em>P</em> = 0.0087). Comparison of FRE and FKGL readability scores for the four categories of One Health information [One Health public information; PubMed abstracts; SOH abstracts (articles); SOH abstracts (reviews)] showed that SOH abstracts from articles were easier to read than those from SOH reviews. No One Health public-facing information from the 100 sources examined met the FKGL target of ≤8. The most easily read One Health information required a Grade Level of 9th grade (14–15 years old), with a mean Grade Level of 15.5 (university/college level).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Considerable work is required in making One Health written materials more readable, particularly for children and adolescents (<14 years of age). It is important that any
{"title":"Improving health literacy and stakeholder-directed knowledge of One Health through analysis of readability: a cross sectional infodemiology study","authors":"John E. Moore , Beverley C. Millar","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The One Health approach involves collaboration across several sectors, including public health, veterinary and environmental sectors in an integrated manner. These sectors may be disparate and unrelated, however to succeed, all stakeholders need to understand what the other stakeholders are communicating. Likewise, it is important that there is public acceptance and support of One Health approaches, which requires effective communication between professional and institutional organisations and the public. To help aid and facilitate such communication, written materials need to be readable by all stakeholders, in order to communicate effectively. There has been an exponential increase in the publication of papers involving One Health, with <5 per year, in the 2000s, to nearly 500 published in 2023. To date, readability of One Health information has not been scrutinised, nor has it been considered as an integral intervention of One Health policy communication. The aim of this study was therefore to examine readability of public-facing One Health information prepared by 24 global organisations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Readability was calculated using <em>Readable</em> software, to obtain four readability scores [(ⅰ) Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), (ⅱ) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), (ⅲ) Gunning Fog Index and (ⅳ) SMOG Index] and two text metrics [words/sentence, syllables/word] for 100 sources of One Health information, from four categories [One Health public information; PubMed abstracts; <em>Science in One Health</em> (SOH) abstracts (articles); SOH abstracts (reviews)].</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Readability of One Health information for the public is poor, not reaching readability reference standards. No information was found that had a readability of less than 9th grade (around 14 years old). Mean values for the FRE and FKGL were (19.4 ± 1.4) (target >60) and (15.6 ± 0.3) (target <8), respectively, with mean words per sentence and syllables per word of 20.5 and 2.0, respectively. Abstracts with “One Health” in the title were more difficult to read than those without “One Health” in the title (FRE: <em>P</em> = 0.0337; FKGL: <em>P</em> = 0.0087). Comparison of FRE and FKGL readability scores for the four categories of One Health information [One Health public information; PubMed abstracts; SOH abstracts (articles); SOH abstracts (reviews)] showed that SOH abstracts from articles were easier to read than those from SOH reviews. No One Health public-facing information from the 100 sources examined met the FKGL target of ≤8. The most easily read One Health information required a Grade Level of 9th grade (14–15 years old), with a mean Grade Level of 15.5 (university/college level).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Considerable work is required in making One Health written materials more readable, particularly for children and adolescents (<14 years of age). It is important that any ","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100085
David B. Olawade , Ojima Z. Wada , Sandra Chinaza Fidelis , Oluwafemi S. Oluwole , Chibuike S. Alisi , Nifemi F. Orimabuyaku , Aanuoluwapo Clement David-Olawade
Mpox, formerly known as Monkeypox, is a viral zoonotic disease endemic to Central and West Africa that has posed significant public health challenges since its identification in 1970. Despite decades of experience in managing outbreaks, the 2022–2024 Mpox outbreaks exposed substantial gaps in global preparedness and response, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2022. The resurgence of cases in Europe in 2022 and the more recent emergence of the virulent clade Ⅰb in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 2024 have highlighted a critical need for improved proactive and response strategies to curb the epidemic. This narrative review examines the historical and recent epidemiology of Mpox in Africa and explores the factors that have limited effective management. These include objective influences such as viral mutations, zoonotic transmission patterns, and environmental changes like deforestation, as well as subjective factors, including delayed responses, limited vaccine availability, cessation of smallpox vaccinations, and inequitable access to healthcare. In particular, the review emphasizes the ongoing disparities in global health equity, as wealthier nations have been able to secure vaccines and therapeutics quickly, while endemic regions in Africa continue to struggle with limited resources. The review also discusses how socio-economic and cultural factors, combined with weak public health infrastructure and inadequate surveillance systems, perpetuate cycles of outbreak in vulnerable populations. Furthermore, the emergence of clade Ⅰb in 2024, with its higher virulence and mortality rates among children, particularly in rural areas, underscores the urgency of addressing the evolving epidemiological landscape of Mpox. In response to these challenges, this review recommends strengthening healthcare infrastructure, enhancing surveillance systems, ensuring equitable access to vaccines and treatments, and integrating environmental management into public health strategies. Global collaboration remains essential to provide African countries with the resources and support needed to manage and prevent future outbreaks effectively. Without these measures, the world risks a prolonged public health crisis with far-reaching consequences for both Africa and the global community.
{"title":"Strengthening Africa's response to Mpox (monkeypox): insights from historical outbreaks and the present global spread","authors":"David B. Olawade , Ojima Z. Wada , Sandra Chinaza Fidelis , Oluwafemi S. Oluwole , Chibuike S. Alisi , Nifemi F. Orimabuyaku , Aanuoluwapo Clement David-Olawade","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mpox, formerly known as Monkeypox, is a viral zoonotic disease endemic to Central and West Africa that has posed significant public health challenges since its identification in 1970. Despite decades of experience in managing outbreaks, the 2022–2024 Mpox outbreaks exposed substantial gaps in global preparedness and response, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2022. The resurgence of cases in Europe in 2022 and the more recent emergence of the virulent clade Ⅰb in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 2024 have highlighted a critical need for improved proactive and response strategies to curb the epidemic. This narrative review examines the historical and recent epidemiology of Mpox in Africa and explores the factors that have limited effective management. These include objective influences such as viral mutations, zoonotic transmission patterns, and environmental changes like deforestation, as well as subjective factors, including delayed responses, limited vaccine availability, cessation of smallpox vaccinations, and inequitable access to healthcare. In particular, the review emphasizes the ongoing disparities in global health equity, as wealthier nations have been able to secure vaccines and therapeutics quickly, while endemic regions in Africa continue to struggle with limited resources. The review also discusses how socio-economic and cultural factors, combined with weak public health infrastructure and inadequate surveillance systems, perpetuate cycles of outbreak in vulnerable populations. Furthermore, the emergence of clade Ⅰb in 2024, with its higher virulence and mortality rates among children, particularly in rural areas, underscores the urgency of addressing the evolving epidemiological landscape of Mpox. In response to these challenges, this review recommends strengthening healthcare infrastructure, enhancing surveillance systems, ensuring equitable access to vaccines and treatments, and integrating environmental management into public health strategies. Global collaboration remains essential to provide African countries with the resources and support needed to manage and prevent future outbreaks effectively. Without these measures, the world risks a prolonged public health crisis with far-reaching consequences for both Africa and the global community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100063
Sonu Adhikari , Sarita Phuyal , AbdulRahman A. Saied, Asmaa A. Metwally, Krishna Prasad Acharya
{"title":"Irrational use of colistin sulfate in poultry and domestic animals in Nepal-an emerging public health crisis","authors":"Sonu Adhikari , Sarita Phuyal , AbdulRahman A. Saied, Asmaa A. Metwally, Krishna Prasad Acharya","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949704324000027/pdfft?md5=980cf8c8bc4ec2c07e53af43401cbfe6&pid=1-s2.0-S2949704324000027-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100089
Yinling Zhou , Roger Frutos , Issam Bennis , Mayumi D. Wakimoto
One Health approach is a global public good (GPG) that invites governance to maximize the health of humans, animals, and the environment by shaping interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral collaboration. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and ethical considerations of the One Health governance architecture. At the theoretical level, One Health governance invites systems thinking and involves collaborative efforts among multiple stakeholders, applying across multi-layered scenarios and requires public-private partnership (PPP). This governance architecture transcends traditional anthropocentrism and shifts towards ecocentrism, highlighting the integrity of ecosystems and the deep prevention of diseases. Selected case studies illustrate the implementation of One Health initiatives, such as shared water resources, disease surveillance programmes, and sustainable environmental health interventions, demonstrating the added value of a collaborative efforts across sectors and regions. Ethical considerations are integral to decision-making and actions of One Health governance, with a focus on equity, inclusivity and accountability, providing moral guidelines to prioritize the health of vulnerable populations and ecosystems. Through these efforts, One Health governance is expected to improve public health globally, promote sustainable development, and achieve a harmonious coexistence of human, animal, and environmental health.
{"title":"One Health governance: theory, practice and ethics","authors":"Yinling Zhou , Roger Frutos , Issam Bennis , Mayumi D. Wakimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One Health approach is a global public good (GPG) that invites governance to maximize the health of humans, animals, and the environment by shaping interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral collaboration. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and ethical considerations of the One Health governance architecture. At the theoretical level, One Health governance invites systems thinking and involves collaborative efforts among multiple stakeholders, applying across multi-layered scenarios and requires public-private partnership (PPP). This governance architecture transcends traditional anthropocentrism and shifts towards ecocentrism, highlighting the integrity of ecosystems and the deep prevention of diseases. Selected case studies illustrate the implementation of One Health initiatives, such as shared water resources, disease surveillance programmes, and sustainable environmental health interventions, demonstrating the added value of a collaborative efforts across sectors and regions. Ethical considerations are integral to decision-making and actions of One Health governance, with a focus on equity, inclusivity and accountability, providing moral guidelines to prioritize the health of vulnerable populations and ecosystems. Through these efforts, One Health governance is expected to improve public health globally, promote sustainable development, and achieve a harmonious coexistence of human, animal, and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100071
Yan Gao , Jiangchao Wu , Jun Zeng , Xiangdong Huo , Kai Lou
Background
Camels, known as the enduring “ships of the desert,” host a complex gut microbiota that plays a crucial role in their survival in extreme environments. However, amidst the fascinating discoveries about the camel gut microbiota, concerns about antibiotic resistance have emerged as a significant global challenge affecting both human and animal populations. Indeed, the continued use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has led to the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which has worsened through gene transfer.
Methodology
This study offers a deeper examination of this pressing issue by harnessing the potent tools of metagenomics to explore the intricate interplay between the camel (Camelus ferus) gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance.
Results
Samples from wild camels yielded varying amounts of raw and clean data, generating scaftigs and open reading frames. The camel fecal microbiome was dominated by bacteria (mainly Bacillota and Bacteriodota), followed by viruses, archaea, and eukaryota. The most abundant genera were the Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium. Functional annotation revealed enriched pathways in metabolism, genetic information processing, and cellular processes, with key pathways involving carbohydrate transport and metabolism, replication, and amino acid transport. CAZy database analysis showed high abundances of glycoside hydrolases and glycosyl transferases. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) analysis identified Bacillota and Bacteroidota as the main reservoirs, with vancomycin resistance genes being the most prevalent. This study identified three major resistance mechanisms: antibiotic target alteration, antibiotic target protection, and antibiotic efflux.
Conclusion
These findings contribute to a broader understanding of antibiotic resistance within animal microbiomes and provide a foundation for further investigations of strategies to manage and mitigate antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Beyond the desert sands: Decoding the relationship between camels, gut microbiota, and antibiotic resistance through metagenomics","authors":"Yan Gao , Jiangchao Wu , Jun Zeng , Xiangdong Huo , Kai Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Camels, known as the enduring “ships of the desert,” host a complex gut microbiota that plays a crucial role in their survival in extreme environments. However, amidst the fascinating discoveries about the camel gut microbiota, concerns about antibiotic resistance have emerged as a significant global challenge affecting both human and animal populations. Indeed, the continued use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has led to the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which has worsened through gene transfer.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>This study offers a deeper examination of this pressing issue by harnessing the potent tools of metagenomics to explore the intricate interplay between the camel (<em>Camelus ferus</em>) gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Samples from wild camels yielded varying amounts of raw and clean data, generating scaftigs and open reading frames. The camel fecal microbiome was dominated by bacteria (mainly <em>Bacillota</em> and <em>Bacteriodota</em>), followed by viruses, archaea, and eukaryota. The most abundant genera were the <em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Ruminococcus</em>, and <em>Clostridium</em>. Functional annotation revealed enriched pathways in metabolism, genetic information processing, and cellular processes, with key pathways involving carbohydrate transport and metabolism, replication, and amino acid transport. CAZy database analysis showed high abundances of glycoside hydrolases and glycosyl transferases. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) analysis identified <em>Bacillota</em> and <em>Bacteroidota</em> as the main reservoirs, with vancomycin resistance genes being the most prevalent. This study identified three major resistance mechanisms: antibiotic target alteration, antibiotic target protection, and antibiotic efflux.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings contribute to a broader understanding of antibiotic resistance within animal microbiomes and provide a foundation for further investigations of strategies to manage and mitigate antibiotic resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949704324000106/pdfft?md5=350ac80b991229580d52a9802741b9e5&pid=1-s2.0-S2949704324000106-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100083
Michael S.M. Brouwer , Eduardo de Freitas Costa , Anita Dame-Korevaar , Adam P. Roberts , Kees T. Veldman
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and the environment likely contribute to the prevalence of AMR in humans with potential detrimental effects on human health. As such, annual mandatory monitoring of AMR in livestock occurs within the European Union (EU), according to harmonised methods. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant (ESC-resistant) Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) and carbapenemase producing E. coli, are considered of particular importance and are therefore included in the monitoring program.
Methods
Using results from the annual monitoring of ESC-resistant E. coli from 2014–2022, trends in prevalence per animal sector were determined over the complete time period, as well as potential seasonal effects.
Results
During these nine years, significant changes were observed in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, in broilers, dairy cattle and veal calves, while no changes in prevalence were seen in slaughter pigs. Furthermore, the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli is positively correlated with warmer seasons (summer and autumn) for both dairy cattle and veal calves, while no associations were found for broilers and slaughter pigs. While temperature itself may play a role in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, other factors affecting the selective landscape, such as antibiotic usage, will also play a role.
Conclusion
A combined analysis of antimicrobial usage and prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli through the year, both in livestock and human samples, would be an interesting follow-up of this study.
背景牲畜和环境中的抗菌素耐药性（AMR）很可能会导致人类中抗菌素耐药性的流行，从而对人类健康造成潜在的不利影响。因此，欧盟（EU）每年都会根据统一的方法对家畜中的 AMR 进行强制性监测。耐扩展谱头孢菌素（ESC）大肠埃希菌，包括耐扩展谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）、AmpC β-内酰胺酶（AmpC）和碳青霉烯酶大肠埃希菌，被认为具有特别重要的意义，因此被纳入监测计划。结果在这九年中，肉鸡、奶牛和小牛的耐ESC大肠杆菌流行率发生了显著变化，而屠宰猪的流行率没有变化。此外，奶牛和小牛的耐ESC大肠杆菌流行率与温暖的季节（夏季和秋季）呈正相关，而肉鸡和屠宰猪的流行率则没有相关性。虽然温度本身可能会对耐 ESC 大肠杆菌的流行产生影响，但影响选择性景观的其他因素（如抗生素的使用）也会产生影响。
{"title":"Extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistant Escherichia coli: Trends and seasonality in the Netherlands from 2014 to 2022","authors":"Michael S.M. Brouwer , Eduardo de Freitas Costa , Anita Dame-Korevaar , Adam P. Roberts , Kees T. Veldman","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and the environment likely contribute to the prevalence of AMR in humans with potential detrimental effects on human health. As such, annual mandatory monitoring of AMR in livestock occurs within the European Union (EU), according to harmonised methods. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant (ESC-resistant) <em>Escherichia coli</em>, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) and carbapenemase producing <em>E. coli</em>, are considered of particular importance and are therefore included in the monitoring program.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using results from the annual monitoring of ESC-resistant <em>E. coli</em> from 2014<strong>–</strong>2022, trends in prevalence per animal sector were determined over the complete time period, as well as potential seasonal effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During these nine years, significant changes were observed in the prevalence of ESC-resistant <em>E. coli</em>, in broilers, dairy cattle and veal calves, while no changes in prevalence were seen in slaughter pigs. Furthermore, the prevalence of ESC-resistant <em>E. coli</em> is positively correlated with warmer seasons (summer and autumn) for both dairy cattle and veal calves, while no associations were found for broilers and slaughter pigs. While temperature itself may play a role in the prevalence of ESC-resistant <em>E. coli</em>, other factors affecting the selective landscape, such as antibiotic usage, will also play a role.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A combined analysis of antimicrobial usage and prevalence of ESC-resistant <em>E. coli</em> through the year, both in livestock and human samples, would be an interesting follow-up of this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100087
Xinyu Feng , Na Jiang , Jinxin Zheng , Zelin Zhu , Junhu Chen , Lei Duan , Peng Song , Jiahui Sun , Xiaoxi Zhang , Lefei Hang , Yang Liu , Renli Zhang , Tiejian Feng , Binbin Xie , Xiaonen Wu , Zhiying Hou , Muxin Chen , Jinyong Jiang , Shizhu Li
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases. China's experience in dengue control and prevention programs offers valuable insights into the successful integration of multidisciplinary strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>The review aims to: (1) systematically analyze lessons from China's dengue control and prevention programs, focusing on the integration of these efforts with the One Health approach; (2) underscore the reasons of optimizing the dengue control and prevention program; (3) highlight the alignment of China's dengue control strategies with the One Health framework; (4) contribute to global efforts in combating dengue, providing scientific evidence and strategic recommendations for other regions facing similar challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews, this study found China's approach to dengue control and prevention implemented through a hierarchical system led by the government, with collaborative efforts across multiple departments. This multi-sectoral collaboration mechanism enables the technical interventions well executed by health and disease control institutions, optimizing the integration of multiple cost-effeteness approaches, such as case management, early detection and outbreak response, reducing local transmission, and minimizing severe cases and fatalities. It was found that community participation and public health education have played a vital role in raising awareness, promoting personal protective measures, and enhancing the overall effectiveness of control efforts. The implementation of these integrated interventions has resulted in reduced dengue cases and improved capacity of outbreak response. China's dengue control strategies under the One Health framework, with focus on interdisciplinary collaboration, incorporated environmental and ecological interventions, which reduced mosquito breeding sites and improved sanitation. The findings of the review underscore the need for continuous improvement in early warning systems, scientific research, and the adoption of the One Health approach to address emerging challenges posed by climate change and the cross-border spread of infectious diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>China's dengue control and prevention programs provide a compelling case study for the effective application of the One Health approach. By systematically analyzing the integration of multidisciplinary strategies, this review reveals valuable lessons on optimizing public health responses to vector-borne diseases. The alignment of these strategies with One Health principles not only enhances the effectiveness of dengue control efforts in China but also offers a framework that can be adapted by other regions facing similar challenges. Ultimately
{"title":"Advancing knowledge of One Health in China: lessons for One Health from China's dengue control and prevention programs","authors":"Xinyu Feng , Na Jiang , Jinxin Zheng , Zelin Zhu , Junhu Chen , Lei Duan , Peng Song , Jiahui Sun , Xiaoxi Zhang , Lefei Hang , Yang Liu , Renli Zhang , Tiejian Feng , Binbin Xie , Xiaonen Wu , Zhiying Hou , Muxin Chen , Jinyong Jiang , Shizhu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases. China's experience in dengue control and prevention programs offers valuable insights into the successful integration of multidisciplinary strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>The review aims to: (1) systematically analyze lessons from China's dengue control and prevention programs, focusing on the integration of these efforts with the One Health approach; (2) underscore the reasons of optimizing the dengue control and prevention program; (3) highlight the alignment of China's dengue control strategies with the One Health framework; (4) contribute to global efforts in combating dengue, providing scientific evidence and strategic recommendations for other regions facing similar challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews, this study found China's approach to dengue control and prevention implemented through a hierarchical system led by the government, with collaborative efforts across multiple departments. This multi-sectoral collaboration mechanism enables the technical interventions well executed by health and disease control institutions, optimizing the integration of multiple cost-effeteness approaches, such as case management, early detection and outbreak response, reducing local transmission, and minimizing severe cases and fatalities. It was found that community participation and public health education have played a vital role in raising awareness, promoting personal protective measures, and enhancing the overall effectiveness of control efforts. The implementation of these integrated interventions has resulted in reduced dengue cases and improved capacity of outbreak response. China's dengue control strategies under the One Health framework, with focus on interdisciplinary collaboration, incorporated environmental and ecological interventions, which reduced mosquito breeding sites and improved sanitation. The findings of the review underscore the need for continuous improvement in early warning systems, scientific research, and the adoption of the One Health approach to address emerging challenges posed by climate change and the cross-border spread of infectious diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>China's dengue control and prevention programs provide a compelling case study for the effective application of the One Health approach. By systematically analyzing the integration of multidisciplinary strategies, this review reveals valuable lessons on optimizing public health responses to vector-borne diseases. The alignment of these strategies with One Health principles not only enhances the effectiveness of dengue control efforts in China but also offers a framework that can be adapted by other regions facing similar challenges. Ultimately","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100074
Cynthia Sipho Khumalo , Malala Mulavu , Katendi Changula , Benjamin Mubemba , Nchimunya Bubala , Anne C. Martin , Innocent Billy Ng'ombwa , King Shimumbo Nalubamba , Simbarashe Chitanga , Walter Muleya , Edgar Simulundu
In sub-Saharan Africa, limited studies have investigated zoonotic pathogens that may be harboured by ticks infesting reptiles such as tortoises. Here, we report the presence of pathogenic Rickettsia in ticks (Amblyomma marmoreum) collected from the leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis) in rural Zambia. Using polymerase chain reaction, 56% (49/87) of ticks were positive for the Rickettsia outer membrane protein (ompB) gene. Multi-locus sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on the ompB, ompA, and citrate synthase (gltA) genes showed that the ticks carried R. africae, and other Rickettsia spp. closely related to R.raoultii, R.massiliae, R.tamurae and R.monacensis. Given the proximity between humans, livestock, and wildlife in these habitats, there exists a considerable risk of transmission of zoonotic Rickettsia to human populations in this rural setting. These results call for heightened awareness and further research into the dynamics of tick-borne diseases in regions where humans and animals coexist, particularly in the context of tortoise-associated ticks as vectors. Understanding and addressing these potential disease vectors is crucial for effective public health measures and the prevention of Rickettsia zoonoses.
在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区，对陆龟等爬行动物所患蜱虫可能携带的人畜共患病病原体的研究十分有限。在这里，我们报告了从赞比亚农村地区的豹纹陆龟（Geochelone pardalis）身上采集到的蜱虫（Amblyomma marmoreum）中存在致病立克次体。通过聚合酶链反应，56%（49/87）的蜱对立克次体外膜蛋白（ompB）基因呈阳性反应。基于 ompB、ompA 和柠檬酸合成酶（gltA）基因的多焦点序列和系统进化分析表明，蜱携带非洲立克次体以及与 R. raoultii、R. massiliae、R. tamurae 和 R. monacensis 关系密切的其他立克次体属。鉴于这些栖息地中人、牲畜和野生动物之间的距离很近，在这种农村环境中，人畜共患病立克次体传播给人类的风险相当大。这些结果呼吁人们提高对蜱传疾病动态的认识，并进一步研究人与动物共存地区的蜱传疾病动态，特别是龟类相关蜱作为病媒的情况。了解并解决这些潜在的疾病传播媒介对于采取有效的公共卫生措施和预防立克次体人畜共患病至关重要。
{"title":"Molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of Rickettsia in ticks collected from leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis) in rural Zambia","authors":"Cynthia Sipho Khumalo , Malala Mulavu , Katendi Changula , Benjamin Mubemba , Nchimunya Bubala , Anne C. Martin , Innocent Billy Ng'ombwa , King Shimumbo Nalubamba , Simbarashe Chitanga , Walter Muleya , Edgar Simulundu","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In sub-Saharan Africa, limited studies have investigated zoonotic pathogens that may be harboured by ticks infesting reptiles such as tortoises. Here, we report the presence of pathogenic <em>Rickettsia</em> in ticks (<em>Amblyomma marmoreum</em>) collected from the leopard tortoise (<em>Geochelone pardalis</em>) in rural Zambia. Using polymerase chain reaction, 56% (49/87) of ticks were positive for the <em>Rickettsia</em> outer membrane protein (<em>ompB</em>) gene. Multi-locus sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on the <em>ompB</em>, <em>ompA</em>, and citrate synthase (<em>gltA</em>) genes showed that the ticks carried <em>R</em>. <em>africae</em>, and other <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. closely related to <em>R</em><em>.</em> <em>raoultii</em>, <em>R</em><em>.</em> <em>massiliae</em>, <em>R</em><em>.</em> <em>tamurae</em> and <em>R</em><em>.</em> <em>monacensis</em>. Given the proximity between humans, livestock, and wildlife in these habitats, there exists a considerable risk of transmission of zoonotic <em>Rickettsia</em> to human populations in this rural setting. These results call for heightened awareness and further research into the dynamics of tick-borne diseases in regions where humans and animals coexist, particularly in the context of tortoise-associated ticks as vectors. Understanding and addressing these potential disease vectors is crucial for effective public health measures and the prevention of <em>Rickettsia</em> zoonoses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949704324000131/pdfft?md5=0eefc20f9e9e56ddc6ae5f6d9ddce7c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2949704324000131-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142039680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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