Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100096
Yvon Le Maho , Aurélie Tasiemski , Fabrice Bertile , Philippe Bulet
Most biomedical research on animals is based on the handful of the so-called standard model organisms, i.e. laboratory mice, rats or Drosophila, but the keys to some important biomedical questions may simply not be found in these. However, compared with the high number of molecules originating from plants in clinical use, and with the countless unique adaption mechanisms that animals have developed over the course of evolution to cope with environmental constrains, there is still few investigations on wild animals with biomedical objectives, and field studies are far fewer. A major limitation is insufficient funding, the main causes of which we analyze. We argue, however, that fieldwork is a key driver in generating new scientific knowledge as part of a One Health approach, by observing/documenting and understanding the diverse and largely unexplored biological processes evolved by animals adapted to unusual environmental conditions, which would be extreme conditions for humans. These conditions do not only refer to extreme temperatures, since lack of food or water, high pressures or lack of oxygen, are clearly extreme constraints. To conduct this research, there are serious limitations we propose to address. Specific techniques and methods are requested, not only to work in extreme environments, but also to minimize the ecological footprint of field work. The erosion of biodiversity is a major threat. The reduction of animal disturbance, a key issue, requires specific technologies and expertise. An ethical approach is requested, for the sake of transparency and to comply with the Nagoya Protocol on genetic resources. An interdisciplinary expertise and a meticulous planning are requested to overcome the field constraints and interface the associated laboratory work. We recommend focusing on the major threats to global human health today, which wild animals appear to resist particularly well, such as antibioresistance and diseases associated with lifestyle and senescence.
{"title":"Fieldwork on animals living in extreme conditions as a source of biomedical innovation","authors":"Yvon Le Maho , Aurélie Tasiemski , Fabrice Bertile , Philippe Bulet","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most biomedical research on animals is based on the handful of the so-called standard model organisms, i.e. laboratory mice, rats or <em>Drosophila</em>, but the keys to some important biomedical questions may simply not be found in these. However, compared with the high number of molecules originating from plants in clinical use, and with the countless unique adaption mechanisms that animals have developed over the course of evolution to cope with environmental constrains, there is still few investigations on wild animals with biomedical objectives, and field studies are far fewer. A major limitation is insufficient funding, the main causes of which we analyze. We argue, however, that fieldwork is a key driver in generating new scientific knowledge as part of a One Health approach, by observing/documenting and understanding the diverse and largely unexplored biological processes evolved by animals adapted to unusual environmental conditions, which would be extreme conditions for humans. These conditions do not only refer to extreme temperatures, since lack of food or water, high pressures or lack of oxygen, are clearly extreme constraints. To conduct this research, there are serious limitations we propose to address. Specific techniques and methods are requested, not only to work in extreme environments, but also to minimize the ecological footprint of field work. The erosion of biodiversity is a major threat. The reduction of animal disturbance, a key issue, requires specific technologies and expertise. An ethical approach is requested, for the sake of transparency and to comply with the Nagoya Protocol on genetic resources. An interdisciplinary expertise and a meticulous planning are requested to overcome the field constraints and interface the associated laboratory work. We recommend focusing on the major threats to global human health today, which wild animals appear to resist particularly well, such as antibioresistance and diseases associated with lifestyle and senescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Senegal is located in a malaria-endemic zone. Malaria is a highly climate-sensitive vector-borne disease, yet its sentinel surveillance shows a weak integration of malaria morbidity data with climatic factors. Therefore, it is useful to analyse the correlation between these factors in Senegal from 2012 to 2019.
Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study of malaria incidence rate (MIR) with its climatic factors from 2012 to 2019 was carried out. This was followed by predictive modelling of MIR and its climatic factors from 2020 to 2023. A reconstituted database, incorporating data from National Malaria Control Program (initiated by Ministry of Health) and National Agency for Civil Aviation and Meteorology, enabled a multi-variate analysis through a vector auto regression approach using Microsoft Excel 2010 and R 3.6.1 software.
Results
MIR evolved in three phases: initially almost zero from January to May, then gradually increases with an accentuation in August–September, and finally gradually decreases from November to December. However, unlike Podor (0.11 ‰), MIR heterogeneity was seen in Kédougou (12.55 ‰) and Bakel (7.34 ‰). Apart from wind strength and mean temperature which moved in the opposite directions, all other climatic factors evolved in the same dynamics as MIR. MIR followed changes in rainfall and hygrometry with an average lag of (2.5 ± 1.0) months and (1.0 ± 0.5) months, respectively. The causal links between MIR and rainfall showed a decreasing trend in Dakar (P = 4.18 × 10−6), Ziguinchor (P = 7.95 × 10−4), Diourbel (P = 1.91 × 10−3), Kédougou (P = 4.03 × 10−3), and Bakel (P = 3.32 × 10−2). In Bakel, additional associations were observed between MIR and both minimum temperature (P = 5.87 × 10−3) and maximum temperature (P = 1.22 × 10−2) temperatures. Predictive modelling shows an overall downward trend for MIR from 2020 to 2023, with its climatic factors preceding MIR by an average of two months.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of synchronous, multi-sectoral, and integrated surveillance of malaria alongside climatic factors to more effectively meet pre-elimination requirements in Senegal.
{"title":"Integration of sentinel surveillance and climate factors to accelerate malaria elimination in a changing climate of Senegal","authors":"Ibrahima Mamby Keita , Mariama Diouf , Medoune Ndiop , Boly Diop , Khaly Gueye , Marianne Kouawo , Ousmane Ndiaye , Doudou Sene , Elhadji Mamadou Ndiaye , Marie Khemesse Ngom Ndiaye","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Senegal is located in a malaria-endemic zone. Malaria is a highly climate-sensitive vector-borne disease, yet its sentinel surveillance shows a weak integration of malaria morbidity data with climatic factors. Therefore, it is useful to analyse the correlation between these factors in Senegal from 2012 to 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An analytical cross-sectional study of malaria incidence rate (MIR) with its climatic factors from 2012 to 2019 was carried out. This was followed by predictive modelling of MIR and its climatic factors from 2020 to 2023. A reconstituted database, incorporating data from National Malaria Control Program (initiated by Ministry of Health) and National Agency for Civil Aviation and Meteorology, enabled a multi-variate analysis through a vector auto regression approach using <em>Microsoft Excel 2010</em> and <em>R 3.6.1</em> software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MIR evolved in three phases: initially almost zero from January to May, then gradually increases with an accentuation in August–September, and finally gradually decreases from November to December. However, unlike Podor (0.11 ‰), MIR heterogeneity was seen in Kédougou (12.55 ‰) and Bakel (7.34 ‰). Apart from wind strength and mean temperature which moved in the opposite directions, all other climatic factors evolved in the same dynamics as MIR. MIR followed changes in rainfall and hygrometry with an average lag of (2.5 ± 1.0) months and (1.0 ± 0.5) months, respectively. The causal links between MIR and rainfall showed a decreasing trend in Dakar (<em>P</em> = 4.18 × 10<sup>−6</sup>), Ziguinchor (<em>P</em> = 7.95 × 10<sup>−4</sup>), Diourbel (<em>P</em> = 1.91 × 10<sup>−3</sup>), Kédougou (<em>P</em> = 4.03 × 10<sup>−3</sup>), and Bakel (<em>P</em> = 3.32 × 10<sup>−2</sup>). In Bakel, additional associations were observed between MIR and both minimum temperature (<em>P</em> = 5.87 × 10<sup>−3</sup>) and maximum temperature (<em>P</em> = 1.22 × 10<sup>−2</sup>) temperatures. Predictive modelling shows an overall downward trend for MIR from 2020 to 2023, with its climatic factors preceding MIR by an average of two months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the importance of synchronous, multi-sectoral, and integrated surveillance of malaria alongside climatic factors to more effectively meet pre-elimination requirements in Senegal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2025.100115
Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi , Salam Momani , Hanan Hasan , Amal Obeidat , Muna Horabi
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical public health threat and one of the most complicated global challenges due to its multi-faceted nature. In addition to health burden, AMR also drives up healthcare costs and imposes substantial indirect economic impacts. Despite the ongoing global efforts, the burden of drug-resistant infections is still growing and alarming. Although AMR has been well addressed pertaining to human health, AMR linked to pathogens in other pillars of the food chain has been a hidden menace and a growing public health concern. AMR may arise in the food chain through various pathways, with foodborne drug-resistant pathogens being reported in the literature. Tackling and combatting AMR in the food chain requires a multi-faceted comprehensive approach under the One Health umbrella. This approach is crucial not only to protect public health but also to ensure the sustainability and safety of all components of the food chain.
{"title":"Tackling antimicrobial resistance in the food chain under the One Health umbrella: a systems thinking approach with a focus on Jordan","authors":"Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi , Salam Momani , Hanan Hasan , Amal Obeidat , Muna Horabi","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical public health threat and one of the most complicated global challenges due to its multi-faceted nature. In addition to health burden, AMR also drives up healthcare costs and imposes substantial indirect economic impacts. Despite the ongoing global efforts, the burden of drug-resistant infections is still growing and alarming. Although AMR has been well addressed pertaining to human health, AMR linked to pathogens in other pillars of the food chain has been a hidden menace and a growing public health concern. AMR may arise in the food chain through various pathways, with foodborne drug-resistant pathogens being reported in the literature. Tackling and combatting AMR in the food chain requires a multi-faceted comprehensive approach under the One Health umbrella. This approach is crucial not only to protect public health but also to ensure the sustainability and safety of all components of the food chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transmission of zoonotic diseases through animal-derived food products poses a significant global public health challenge, with contaminated milk and meat serving as major transmission pathways. In Nepal, the growing consumption of these products has amplified the risk of foodborne illnesses, largely due to widespread bacterial contamination. This review systematically explores the prevalence, distribution, and public health significance of key bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Brucella, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Campylobacter in Nepalese milk and meat products. The analysis identifies major contributing factors: inadequate hygiene and sanitation practices, weak regulatory frameworks, insufficient infrastructure, improper antibiotic usage, and limited public awareness. The high levels of bacterial contamination, coupled with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, underscore the urgency for strategic interventions. Recommended measures include strict enforcement of hygiene and sanitation standards, strengthening regulatory policies, enhancing infrastructure, comprehensive public education campaigns, and prudent antibiotic stewardship. Implementation of these strategies is imperative to improve food safety, protect public health, and mitigate the risks posed by bacterial zoonotic diseases in Nepal.
{"title":"Milk and meat safety in Nepal: addressing challenges and exploring solutions","authors":"Deepak Subedi , Sameer Thakur , Anil Gautam , Madhav Poudel , Sumit Jyoti , Abhinandan Devkota , Milan Kandel , Ananda Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transmission of zoonotic diseases through animal-derived food products poses a significant global public health challenge, with contaminated milk and meat serving as major transmission pathways. In Nepal, the growing consumption of these products has amplified the risk of foodborne illnesses, largely due to widespread bacterial contamination. This review systematically explores the prevalence, distribution, and public health significance of key bacterial pathogens, including <em>Salmonella, Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Shigella</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Brucella</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>, and <em>Campylobacter</em> in Nepalese milk and meat products. The analysis identifies major contributing factors: inadequate hygiene and sanitation practices, weak regulatory frameworks, insufficient infrastructure, improper antibiotic usage, and limited public awareness. The high levels of bacterial contamination, coupled with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, underscore the urgency for strategic interventions. Recommended measures include strict enforcement of hygiene and sanitation standards, strengthening regulatory policies, enhancing infrastructure, comprehensive public education campaigns, and prudent antibiotic stewardship. Implementation of these strategies is imperative to improve food safety, protect public health, and mitigate the risks posed by bacterial zoonotic diseases in Nepal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2025.100128
Bernabé Vidal , Lorenzo Verger , Gustavo J. Nagy
Background
One Welfare expands the One Health approach by integrating animal welfare, human wellbeing, and environmental sustainability into a single framework. Despite growing global recognition of One Welfare as a governance tool to address zoonotic risks, societal vulnerabilities, and ethical challenges, its practical implementation remains limited in most regions. Uruguay provides a relevant case to explore how systemic gaps in animal welfare regulation can undermine public health resilience and zoonotic disease control.
Methods
We analyzed Uruguay's position in international animal welfare indexes, reviewed national animal welfare legislation and educational strategies, and conducted a systematic assessment of One Welfare-related conditions. Additionally, we identified structural risks and governance deficits linked to inadequate animal welfare practices, including zoonotic risks, through a targeted literature review and policy analysis.
Results
Despite global advances in multi-species health governance, Uruguay shows legislative fragility and fragmented institutional frameworks. Key failures include outdated laws, inadequate animal-ethical perception, uncontrolled companion animal populations, deficient sterilization practices despite legal mandates, overwhelmed shelters, rising animal–vehicle collisions, culturally entrenched but underregulated hunting, illegal wildlife trade, limited veterinary oversight, and painful routine farm practices with minimal anesthesia. Gaps in surveillance and biosecurity amplify underreported zoonotic threats, reflecting a structural disconnect between One Welfare principles and policy implementation.
Conclusion
To move from aspirational discourse to actionable strategies, One Welfare must be embedded as a governance instrument that enables multi-species stewardship and integrated health systems. Uruguay exemplifies the pressing need for comprehensive, intersectoral solutions to mitigate zoonotic risks, enhance public health, and align national policies with global sustainability agendas.
{"title":"Exploring the One Health–One Welfare nexus and zoonoses","authors":"Bernabé Vidal , Lorenzo Verger , Gustavo J. Nagy","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>One Welfare expands the One Health approach by integrating animal welfare, human wellbeing, and environmental sustainability into a single framework. Despite growing global recognition of One Welfare as a governance tool to address zoonotic risks, societal vulnerabilities, and ethical challenges, its practical implementation remains limited in most regions. Uruguay provides a relevant case to explore how systemic gaps in animal welfare regulation can undermine public health resilience and zoonotic disease control.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed Uruguay's position in international animal welfare indexes, reviewed national animal welfare legislation and educational strategies, and conducted a systematic assessment of One Welfare-related conditions. Additionally, we identified structural risks and governance deficits linked to inadequate animal welfare practices, including zoonotic risks, through a targeted literature review and policy analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite global advances in multi-species health governance, Uruguay shows legislative fragility and fragmented institutional frameworks. Key failures include outdated laws, inadequate animal-ethical perception, uncontrolled companion animal populations, deficient sterilization practices despite legal mandates, overwhelmed shelters, rising animal–vehicle collisions, culturally entrenched but underregulated hunting, illegal wildlife trade, limited veterinary oversight, and painful routine farm practices with minimal anesthesia. Gaps in surveillance and biosecurity amplify underreported zoonotic threats, reflecting a structural disconnect between One Welfare principles and policy implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To move from aspirational discourse to actionable strategies, One Welfare must be embedded as a governance instrument that enables multi-species stewardship and integrated health systems. Uruguay exemplifies the pressing need for comprehensive, intersectoral solutions to mitigate zoonotic risks, enhance public health, and align national policies with global sustainability agendas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2025.100126
Christine Griebsch, Jacqueline Norris, Michael P. Ward
Background
After an apparent absence of disease, 79 cases of canine leptospirosis were reported in New South Wales (NSW), Australia between 2017 and 2023. Between 2016 and 2023, 281 human leptospirosis cases were reported in NSW. Our aim was to compare the geospatial distribution and causative serovars of canine and human cases to investigate if cases are possibly associated.
Methods
Human data (n = 190) included Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3)-location, place of acquisition, and serovar; cases acquired outside NSW were excluded. Canine data comprised postcodes (allocated to corresponding SA3) and serovar. Spatial patterns for human and canine cases were mapped, and correlations between human and canine cases were examined.
Results
In dogs, serovar Australis (n = 23, 29 %) and Copenhageni (n = 14, 18 %) were most common, whereas in humans it was serovar Arborea (n = 111, 58 %) and Hardjo (n = 13, 7 %). Serovars causing disease in both humans and dogs were Australis, Copenhageni, Hardjo, Pomona, and Robinsoni. In southeastern NSW, serovar Australis infections increased in both dogs and humans. Canine cases were significantly clustered in Greater Sydney and the South Coast whereas human cases were mainly centered around the North Coast with no significant clustering. Overall, there were nine SA3s where both canine (n = 38) and human (n = 51) cases were reported. There was no evidence of correlation between numbers of human and canine cases at the SA3 level (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [r] = −0.053, P = 0.641) and no overlap between specific serovars at the spatial level.
Conclusion
Our results do not support dog−human transmission or common sources of infection.
{"title":"Emerging human and canine leptospirosis in New South Wales: insights from a One Health geospatial study","authors":"Christine Griebsch, Jacqueline Norris, Michael P. Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>After an apparent absence of disease, 79 cases of canine leptospirosis were reported in New South Wales (NSW), Australia between 2017 and 2023. Between 2016 and 2023, 281 human leptospirosis cases were reported in NSW. Our aim was to compare the geospatial distribution and causative serovars of canine and human cases to investigate if cases are possibly associated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Human data (<em>n</em> = 190) included Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3)-location, place of acquisition, and serovar; cases acquired outside NSW were excluded. Canine data comprised postcodes (allocated to corresponding SA3) and serovar. Spatial patterns for human and canine cases were mapped, and correlations between human and canine cases were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In dogs, serovar Australis (<em>n</em> = 23, 29 %) and Copenhageni (<em>n</em> = 14, 18 %) were most common, whereas in humans it was serovar Arborea (<em>n</em> = 111, 58 %) and Hardjo (<em>n</em> = 13, 7 %). Serovars causing disease in both humans and dogs were Australis, Copenhageni, Hardjo, Pomona, and Robinsoni. In southeastern NSW, serovar Australis infections increased in both dogs and humans. Canine cases were significantly clustered in Greater Sydney and the South Coast whereas human cases were mainly centered around the North Coast with no significant clustering. Overall, there were nine SA3s where both canine (<em>n</em> = 38) and human (<em>n</em> = 51) cases were reported. There was no evidence of correlation between numbers of human and canine cases at the SA3 level (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [<em>r</em>] = −0.053, <em>P</em> = 0.641) and no overlap between specific serovars at the spatial level.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results do not support dog−human transmission or common sources of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2025.100133
Hamadou Oumarou Hama , Idir Bitam , Michel Drancourt
Background
Closely related bacterial pathogens, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia pestis (the plague agent), and Yersinia enterocolitica, reside in environmental ecosystems that may be the source of infection for animals and humans. Reliable field-deployable detection methods are essential for monitoring these pathogens in natural ecosystems.
Methods
A colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the mglB gene (shared by Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis) and the chbG gene (specific to Y. enterocolitica) was developed. Specificity was evaluated using six Yersinia isolates, and sensitivity was determined from serial dilutions of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis cultures. The optimized LAMP assays were then applied to 28 environmental samples collected from two plague-endemic regions and one plague-free region in Algeria, and results were compared with those obtained using conventional PCR.
Results
No Yersinia species were detected in any environmental samples by either LAMP or PCR. However, both assays successfully detected 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL of Y. pseudotuberculosis or Y. enterocolitica when samples were artificially spiked, confirming that no environmental inhibitors interfered with detection.
Conclusion
The reported LAMP assays show characteristics that make them well suited for field deployment in the environmental monitoring of Yersinia species of medical and veterinary importance.
{"title":"Development of a cost-effective LAMP method for screening and monitoring enteropathogenic Yersinia in environmental matrices","authors":"Hamadou Oumarou Hama , Idir Bitam , Michel Drancourt","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Closely related bacterial pathogens, <em>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</em>, <em>Yersinia pestis</em> (the plague agent), and <em>Yersinia enterocolitica,</em> reside in environmental ecosystems that may be the source of infection for animals and humans. Reliable field-deployable detection methods are essential for monitoring these pathogens in natural ecosystems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the <em>mglB</em> gene (shared by <em>Y. pseudotuberculosis</em> and <em>Y. pestis</em>) and the <em>chbG</em> gene (specific to <em>Y. enterocolitica</em>) was developed. Specificity was evaluated using six <em>Yersinia</em> isolates, and sensitivity was determined from serial dilutions of <em>Y. enterocolitica</em> and <em>Y. pseudotuberculosis</em> cultures. The optimized LAMP assays were then applied to 28 environmental samples collected from two plague-endemic regions and one plague-free region in Algeria, and results were compared with those obtained using conventional PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No <em>Yersinia</em> species were detected in any environmental samples by either LAMP or PCR. However, both assays successfully detected 1.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL of <em>Y. pseudotuberculosis</em> or <em>Y. enterocolitica</em> when samples were artificially spiked, confirming that no environmental inhibitors interfered with detection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The reported LAMP assays show characteristics that make them well suited for field deployment in the environmental monitoring of <em>Yersinia</em> species of medical and veterinary importance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2025.100110
Angkana Lekagul , Saowapa Khotchalai , Wanwisa Kaewkhankhaeng , Mary Gordoncillo , Fuangfa Utrarachkij , Viroj Tangcharoensathien
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health issue, exacerbated by extensive antimicrobial use across human, animal, and plant sectors. The environment plays a crucial role in AMR emergence and spread due to the contamination from resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and antimicrobial residues from various sources. In Thailand, the regulatory framework that can reinforce AMR mitigation in environmental settings remains underdeveloped. This study aims to analyse the existing regulatory framework for environmental AMR control by identifying regulatory gaps and assessing the challenges of implementing these regulations.
Methods
A qualitative approach was employed, combining a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 28 key informants from diverse regulatory sectors, including the ministries of health, agriculture, and environment. This included multi-level stakeholders at national, provincial, and local levels, as well as selected farmers. Content analysis of interview transcripts and regulatory documents was performed to triangulate findings on regulatory gaps and implementation barriers.
Results
The study identified five regulatory categories governing water contamination across settings: rivers/canals, hospital wastewater, household wastewater, industrial waste (including pharmaceuticals), and animal farms. While the regulatory frameworks guide pollution standards, regulations lack provisions specific to AMR, highlighting a significant gap in AMR oversight and data on AMR pathogens in environmental wastewater. Key barriers include insufficient incorporation of AMR indicators in routine monitoring, limited enforcement, and inadequate technical and budgetary support.
Conclusion
Thailand's current environmental AMR framework lacks comprehensive AMR-specific regulations and robust enforcement mechanisms. Addressing these gaps requires multi-sectoral coordination, enhanced funding, and capacity-building initiatives. By prioritizing indicator development and establishing AMR-focused policies, Thailand can enhance its environmental AMR control measures and contribute to global AMR mitigation efforts.
{"title":"Regulating antimicrobial resistance in the environment: analysis of Thailand legal framework and areas for reinforcement","authors":"Angkana Lekagul , Saowapa Khotchalai , Wanwisa Kaewkhankhaeng , Mary Gordoncillo , Fuangfa Utrarachkij , Viroj Tangcharoensathien","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health issue, exacerbated by extensive antimicrobial use across human, animal, and plant sectors. The environment plays a crucial role in AMR emergence and spread due to the contamination from resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and antimicrobial residues from various sources. In Thailand, the regulatory framework that can reinforce AMR mitigation in environmental settings remains underdeveloped. This study aims to analyse the existing regulatory framework for environmental AMR control by identifying regulatory gaps and assessing the challenges of implementing these regulations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative approach was employed, combining a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 28 key informants from diverse regulatory sectors, including the ministries of health, agriculture, and environment. This included multi-level stakeholders at national, provincial, and local levels, as well as selected farmers. Content analysis of interview transcripts and regulatory documents was performed to triangulate findings on regulatory gaps and implementation barriers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study identified five regulatory categories governing water contamination across settings: rivers/canals, hospital wastewater, household wastewater, industrial waste (including pharmaceuticals), and animal farms. While the regulatory frameworks guide pollution standards, regulations lack provisions specific to AMR, highlighting a significant gap in AMR oversight and data on AMR pathogens in environmental wastewater. Key barriers include insufficient incorporation of AMR indicators in routine monitoring, limited enforcement, and inadequate technical and budgetary support.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Thailand's current environmental AMR framework lacks comprehensive AMR-specific regulations and robust enforcement mechanisms. Addressing these gaps requires multi-sectoral coordination, enhanced funding, and capacity-building initiatives. By prioritizing indicator development and establishing AMR-focused policies, Thailand can enhance its environmental AMR control measures and contribute to global AMR mitigation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100098
Xinchen Li , Yanyan Zhang , Qiyu Zhang , Jingshu Liu , Zelin Zhu , Xinyu Feng , Lefei Han , Xiaoxi Zhang
Background
Strategy and mechanism are crucial components of One Health governance in China, designed to address the interconnected health issues between humans, animals, and the environment. This study aims to evaluate China's current One Health governance framework, identify key strengths and gaps, and provide recommendations for establishing a more integrated and effective system.
Methods
A qualitative approach was employed, including in-depth interviews, policy analysis, and a review of existing literature, to evaluate the strengths and gaps in China's One Health framework.
Results
The analysis identified progress and challenges in six key areas: (1) political commitment: strong national support exists, but lacks a unified strategy; (2) legislation and regulation: notable legislative efforts are in place, yet they remain fragmented; (3) leadership building: effective leadership structures have been established during crises but are not institutionalized; (4) strategic planning: initial regional planning is underway, but a comprehensive national focus is needed; (5) coordination and communication: mechanisms exist but require formalized, consistent information-sharing channels; (6) stakeholder engagement: public and academic awareness is growing, yet local community involvement needs strengthening.
Conclusion
To advance its One Health governance, China must focus on creating a unified strategy, enhancing interdepartmental coordination, and deepening stakeholder engagement, ensuring its alignment with international standards and improving public health outcomes.
{"title":"Strategy and mechanism of One Health governance: case study of China","authors":"Xinchen Li , Yanyan Zhang , Qiyu Zhang , Jingshu Liu , Zelin Zhu , Xinyu Feng , Lefei Han , Xiaoxi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2024.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Strategy and mechanism are crucial components of One Health governance in China, designed to address the interconnected health issues between humans, animals, and the environment. This study aims to evaluate China's current One Health governance framework, identify key strengths and gaps, and provide recommendations for establishing a more integrated and effective system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative approach was employed, including in-depth interviews, policy analysis, and a review of existing literature, to evaluate the strengths and gaps in China's One Health framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis identified progress and challenges in six key areas: (1) political commitment: strong national support exists, but lacks a unified strategy; (2) legislation and regulation: notable legislative efforts are in place, yet they remain fragmented; (3) leadership building: effective leadership structures have been established during crises but are not institutionalized; (4) strategic planning: initial regional planning is underway, but a comprehensive national focus is needed; (5) coordination and communication: mechanisms exist but require formalized, consistent information-sharing channels; (6) stakeholder engagement: public and academic awareness is growing, yet local community involvement needs strengthening.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To advance its One Health governance, China must focus on creating a unified strategy, enhancing interdepartmental coordination, and deepening stakeholder engagement, ensuring its alignment with international standards and improving public health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2025.100119
Amos Lucky Mhone , Dishon M. Muloi , Arshnee Moodley
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global threat to both human and animal health, associated with widespread use of antimicrobials across sectors. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Malawi, weak regulatory frameworks and limited enforcement capacity contribute to inappropriate use of antibiotics. This study examined the governance and regulatory frameworks for antimicrobial use (AMU) in Malawi's agricultural sector, identified regulatory gaps, and offers recommendations to antimicrobial stewardship.
Methods
A qualitative approach was used, combining a review of policy and legal documents with semi-structured stakeholder interviews. Relevant policies and laws were sourced from government databases, the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations' (FAO) FAOLEX and AMR-LEX databases, and other publicly available resources. The FAO's legal assessment methodology was used to evaluate the policy landscape across nine key thematic areas: (1) veterinary medicinal products, (2) animal health and production practices to prevent animal diseases in terrestrial and aquatic animals, (3) feed registration, (4) pesticides, (5) food safety, (6) environment, soil and waste, (7) water quality, (8) plant health, and (9) institutional coordination. Stakeholder interviews with representatives from relevant government ministries and regulatory bodies validated findings from the document review and provided additional insight into governance challenges. A One Health governance mapping exercise was conducted to identify key institutional actors, assess their role in AMR/AMU governance, and evaluate inter-institutional relationships using social network analysis.
Results
The analysis identified 522 policies relevant to AMU in agriculture, with most addressing aquatic animal health (11.3 %, n = 59), food safety (10.9 %, n = 57) and animal feed (10.9 %, n = 57). Several critical regulatory gaps were identified, including the absence of a legal definition for “antimicrobials,” a national essential veterinary medicines list, and standardized veterinary treatment guidelines. Additionally, there are no restrictions on the use of critically important antimicrobials for human health in veterinary settings, minimal oversight of antimicrobial-medicated feed, and no established protocols for on-farm antimicrobial disposal. Stakeholder mapping revealed limited knowledge sharing among institutions and a dependence on international donors for AMR/AMU-related activities, raising concerns about the sustainability of current initiatives. Malawi also lacks an integrated AMR and AMU monitoring system, a national prioritised AMR research agenda, and clear targets for reducing AMU in animals.
Conclusion
To address these gaps, we recommend that Malawi: (1) establish a comprehensive AMR and AMU monitoring program, (2) up
{"title":"One Health: governance and regulatory framework for antimicrobial use in Malawi","authors":"Amos Lucky Mhone , Dishon M. Muloi , Arshnee Moodley","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global threat to both human and animal health, associated with widespread use of antimicrobials across sectors. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Malawi, weak regulatory frameworks and limited enforcement capacity contribute to inappropriate use of antibiotics. This study examined the governance and regulatory frameworks for antimicrobial use (AMU) in Malawi's agricultural sector, identified regulatory gaps, and offers recommendations to antimicrobial stewardship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative approach was used, combining a review of policy and legal documents with semi-structured stakeholder interviews. Relevant policies and laws were sourced from government databases, the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations' (FAO) FAOLEX and AMR-LEX databases, and other publicly available resources. The FAO's legal assessment methodology was used to evaluate the policy landscape across nine key thematic areas: (1) veterinary medicinal products, (2) animal health and production practices to prevent animal diseases in terrestrial and aquatic animals, (3) feed registration, (4) pesticides, (5) food safety, (6) environment, soil and waste, (7) water quality, (8) plant health, and (9) institutional coordination. Stakeholder interviews with representatives from relevant government ministries and regulatory bodies validated findings from the document review and provided additional insight into governance challenges. A One Health governance mapping exercise was conducted to identify key institutional actors, assess their role in AMR/AMU governance, and evaluate inter-institutional relationships using social network analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis identified 522 policies relevant to AMU in agriculture, with most addressing aquatic animal health (11.3 %, <em>n</em> = 59), food safety (10.9 %, <em>n</em> = 57) and animal feed (10.9 %, <em>n</em> = 57). Several critical regulatory gaps were identified, including the absence of a legal definition for “antimicrobials,” a national essential veterinary medicines list, and standardized veterinary treatment guidelines. Additionally, there are no restrictions on the use of critically important antimicrobials for human health in veterinary settings, minimal oversight of antimicrobial-medicated feed, and no established protocols for on-farm antimicrobial disposal. Stakeholder mapping revealed limited knowledge sharing among institutions and a dependence on international donors for AMR/AMU-related activities, raising concerns about the sustainability of current initiatives. Malawi also lacks an integrated AMR and AMU monitoring system, a national prioritised AMR research agenda, and clear targets for reducing AMU in animals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To address these gaps, we recommend that Malawi: (1) establish a comprehensive AMR and AMU monitoring program, (2) up","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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