Science in One Health最新文献

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Emerging human and canine leptospirosis in New South Wales: insights from a One Health geospatial study 新南威尔士州新出现的人类和犬钩端螺旋体病：来自同一健康地理空间研究的见解

Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2025.100126

Christine Griebsch, Jacqueline Norris, Michael P. Ward

Background

After an apparent absence of disease, 79 cases of canine leptospirosis were reported in New South Wales (NSW), Australia between 2017 and 2023. Between 2016 and 2023, 281 human leptospirosis cases were reported in NSW. Our aim was to compare the geospatial distribution and causative serovars of canine and human cases to investigate if cases are possibly associated.

Methods

Human data (n = 190) included Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3)-location, place of acquisition, and serovar; cases acquired outside NSW were excluded. Canine data comprised postcodes (allocated to corresponding SA3) and serovar. Spatial patterns for human and canine cases were mapped, and correlations between human and canine cases were examined.

Results

In dogs, serovar Australis (n = 23, 29 %) and Copenhageni (n = 14, 18 %) were most common, whereas in humans it was serovar Arborea (n = 111, 58 %) and Hardjo (n = 13, 7 %). Serovars causing disease in both humans and dogs were Australis, Copenhageni, Hardjo, Pomona, and Robinsoni. In southeastern NSW, serovar Australis infections increased in both dogs and humans. Canine cases were significantly clustered in Greater Sydney and the South Coast whereas human cases were mainly centered around the North Coast with no significant clustering. Overall, there were nine SA3s where both canine (n = 38) and human (n = 51) cases were reported. There was no evidence of correlation between numbers of human and canine cases at the SA3 level (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [r] = −0.053, P = 0.641) and no overlap between specific serovars at the spatial level.

Conclusion

Our results do not support dog−human transmission or common sources of infection.

在明显没有疾病之后，2017年至2023年期间，澳大利亚新南威尔士州（NSW）报告了79例犬钩端螺旋体病。2016年至2023年期间，新南威尔士州报告了281例人类钩端螺旋体病病例。我们的目的是比较犬和人病例的地理空间分布和致病血清型，以调查病例是否可能相关。方法190例患者资料包括3级统计区（SA3）的位置、采集地点和血清类型；在NSW以外获得的病例被排除在外。犬类数据包括邮政编码（分配给相应的SA3）和血清。绘制了人类和犬类病例的空间格局，并分析了人类和犬类病例之间的相关性。结果犬中最常见的是Australis （n = 23, 29%）和Copenhageni (n = 14, 18%)，而人中最常见的是Arborea （n = 111, 58%）和Hardjo （n = 13, 7%）。在人类和狗中引起疾病的血清型是Australis， Copenhageni, Hardjo， Pomona和Robinsoni。在新南威尔士州东南部，狗和人的血清澳氏体感染都有所增加。犬类病例主要集中在大悉尼和南海岸，而人类病例主要集中在北海岸，无明显聚集性。总的来说，共有9例SA3s，其中犬（n = 38）和人（n = 51）均有报告。在SA3水平上，人和犬的病例数无相关性（Spearman’s秩相关系数[r] = - 0.053, P = 0.641），在空间水平上，特定血清型之间无重叠。结论本研究结果不支持犬-人传播或常见感染源。

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Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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Development of a cost-effective LAMP method for screening and monitoring enteropathogenic Yersinia in environmental matrices 开发一种具有成本效益的LAMP方法用于筛选和监测环境基质中的肠致病性耶尔森菌

Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2025.100133

Hamadou Oumarou Hama , Idir Bitam , Michel Drancourt

Background

Closely related bacterial pathogens, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Yersinia pestis (the plague agent), and Yersinia enterocolitica, reside in environmental ecosystems that may be the source of infection for animals and humans. Reliable field-deployable detection methods are essential for monitoring these pathogens in natural ecosystems.

Methods

A colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the mglB gene (shared by Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis) and the chbG gene (specific to Y. enterocolitica) was developed. Specificity was evaluated using six Yersinia isolates, and sensitivity was determined from serial dilutions of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis cultures. The optimized LAMP assays were then applied to 28 environmental samples collected from two plague-endemic regions and one plague-free region in Algeria, and results were compared with those obtained using conventional PCR.

Results

No Yersinia species were detected in any environmental samples by either LAMP or PCR. However, both assays successfully detected 1.5 × 10⁸ CFU/mL of Y. pseudotuberculosis or Y. enterocolitica when samples were artificially spiked, confirming that no environmental inhibitors interfered with detection.

Conclusion

The reported LAMP assays show characteristics that make them well suited for field deployment in the environmental monitoring of Yersinia species of medical and veterinary importance.

密切相关的细菌病原体，假结核耶尔森氏菌、鼠疫耶尔森氏菌（鼠疫病原体）和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌，存在于环境生态系统中，可能是动物和人类的感染源。可靠的现场可部署检测方法对于监测自然生态系统中的这些病原体至关重要。方法采用环介导等温扩增（LAMP）比色法检测假结核耶氏菌和鼠疫耶氏菌共有的mglB基因和小肠结肠炎耶氏菌特有的chbG基因。使用6株耶尔森菌来评估特异性，并通过连续稀释小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌和假结核耶尔森菌培养物来确定敏感性。将优化后的LAMP检测方法应用于阿尔及利亚2个鼠疫流行区和1个鼠疫无疫区采集的28份环境样本，并与常规PCR结果进行比较。结果LAMP和PCR均未检出环境样品中的耶尔森菌。然而，当样品被人为加标时，这两种方法都成功地检测出1.5 × 108 CFU/mL的假结核耶尔氏菌或小肠结肠炎耶尔氏菌，证实没有环境抑制剂干扰检测。结论所报道的LAMP检测方法具有一定的特点，适合于对医学和兽医有重要意义的耶尔森菌进行野外环境监测。

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Regulating antimicrobial resistance in the environment: analysis of Thailand legal framework and areas for reinforcement 调节环境中的抗菌素耐药性：泰国法律框架和需要加强的领域的分析

Science in One Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2025.100110

Angkana Lekagul , Saowapa Khotchalai , Wanwisa Kaewkhankhaeng , Mary Gordoncillo , Fuangfa Utrarachkij , Viroj Tangcharoensathien

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health issue, exacerbated by extensive antimicrobial use across human, animal, and plant sectors. The environment plays a crucial role in AMR emergence and spread due to the contamination from resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and antimicrobial residues from various sources. In Thailand, the regulatory framework that can reinforce AMR mitigation in environmental settings remains underdeveloped. This study aims to analyse the existing regulatory framework for environmental AMR control by identifying regulatory gaps and assessing the challenges of implementing these regulations.

Methods

A qualitative approach was employed, combining a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 28 key informants from diverse regulatory sectors, including the ministries of health, agriculture, and environment. This included multi-level stakeholders at national, provincial, and local levels, as well as selected farmers. Content analysis of interview transcripts and regulatory documents was performed to triangulate findings on regulatory gaps and implementation barriers.

Results

The study identified five regulatory categories governing water contamination across settings: rivers/canals, hospital wastewater, household wastewater, industrial waste (including pharmaceuticals), and animal farms. While the regulatory frameworks guide pollution standards, regulations lack provisions specific to AMR, highlighting a significant gap in AMR oversight and data on AMR pathogens in environmental wastewater. Key barriers include insufficient incorporation of AMR indicators in routine monitoring, limited enforcement, and inadequate technical and budgetary support.

Conclusion

Thailand's current environmental AMR framework lacks comprehensive AMR-specific regulations and robust enforcement mechanisms. Addressing these gaps requires multi-sectoral coordination, enhanced funding, and capacity-building initiatives. By prioritizing indicator development and establishing AMR-focused policies, Thailand can enhance its environmental AMR control measures and contribute to global AMR mitigation efforts.

抗生素耐药性（AMR）是一个紧迫的全球卫生问题，人类、动物和植物部门广泛使用抗菌药物加剧了这一问题。由于耐药细菌、耐药基因和各种来源的抗菌素残留物的污染，环境在抗菌素耐药性的出现和传播中起着至关重要的作用。在泰国，能够在环境环境中加强抗生素耐药性缓解的监管框架仍然不发达。本研究旨在通过识别监管缺口和评估实施这些法规的挑战，分析现有的环境AMR控制监管框架。方法采用定性方法，结合文献综述和对来自不同监管部门（包括卫生部、农业部和环境部）的28名关键举报人的半结构化访谈。这包括国家、省和地方各级的多层次利益相关者，以及选定的农民。对访谈记录和监管文件进行内容分析，对监管差距和实施障碍的发现进行三角测量。研究确定了五个管理水污染的监管类别：河流/运河、医院废水、家庭废水、工业废水（包括药品）和动物农场。虽然监管框架指导了污染标准，但法规缺乏针对抗菌素耐药性的具体规定，这突显出在抗菌素耐药性监督和环境废水中抗菌素耐药性病原体数据方面存在重大差距。主要障碍包括在常规监测中纳入抗微生物药物耐药性指标不足、执法有限以及技术和预算支持不足。泰国目前的环境抗菌素耐药性框架缺乏全面的抗菌素耐药性具体法规和强有力的执行机制。解决这些差距需要多部门协调、增加资金和能力建设举措。通过优先制定指标和制定以抗菌素耐药性为重点的政策，泰国可以加强抗菌素耐药性的环境控制措施，并为全球抗菌素耐药性缓解努力作出贡献。

{"title":"Regulating antimicrobial resistance in the environment: analysis of Thailand legal framework and areas for reinforcement","authors":"Angkana Lekagul , Saowapa Khotchalai , Wanwisa Kaewkhankhaeng , Mary Gordoncillo , Fuangfa Utrarachkij , Viroj Tangcharoensathien","doi":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soh.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health issue, exacerbated by extensive antimicrobial use across human, animal, and plant sectors. The environment plays a crucial role in AMR emergence and spread due to the contamination from resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and antimicrobial residues from various sources. In Thailand, the regulatory framework that can reinforce AMR mitigation in environmental settings remains underdeveloped. This study aims to analyse the existing regulatory framework for environmental AMR control by identifying regulatory gaps and assessing the challenges of implementing these regulations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative approach was employed, combining a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 28 key informants from diverse regulatory sectors, including the ministries of health, agriculture, and environment. This included multi-level stakeholders at national, provincial, and local levels, as well as selected farmers. Content analysis of interview transcripts and regulatory documents was performed to triangulate findings on regulatory gaps and implementation barriers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study identified five regulatory categories governing water contamination across settings: rivers/canals, hospital wastewater, household wastewater, industrial waste (including pharmaceuticals), and animal farms. While the regulatory frameworks guide pollution standards, regulations lack provisions specific to AMR, highlighting a significant gap in AMR oversight and data on AMR pathogens in environmental wastewater. Key barriers include insufficient incorporation of AMR indicators in routine monitoring, limited enforcement, and inadequate technical and budgetary support.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Thailand's current environmental AMR framework lacks comprehensive AMR-specific regulations and robust enforcement mechanisms. Addressing these gaps requires multi-sectoral coordination, enhanced funding, and capacity-building initiatives. By prioritizing indicator development and establishing AMR-focused policies, Thailand can enhance its environmental AMR control measures and contribute to global AMR mitigation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101146,"journal":{"name":"Science in One Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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