Science in One Health最新文献

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat that requires actions through One Health intervention. This study aims to trace the historical development of One Health research on AMR to provide evidence supporting future research and actions.

Methods

A bibliometric analysis is conducted with One Health articles in the field of antimicrobial resistance (AMR-OH articles) retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). AMR-OH articles refer to articles in the field of AMR that simultaneously involve elements from human health and at least one other domain, including animals, environment, or plants. Three research periods were identified based on the development of global actions in combating AMR. Descriptive analysis of publications, keyword cluster analysis, annual trending topic analysis, and co-authorship analysis were conducted using R software, VOSViewer, and Pajek.

Results

The results indicated that the percentage of AMR-OH articles among all AMR articles increased from 5.21% in 1990 to 20.01% in 2023. Key topics in the current AMR-OH articles included the mechanism of AMR, AMR epidemiology, and public health control strategies. Epidemiological research initially focused on human and animal health and then shifted to environmental factors in the third period. Research at the molecular level focused on the mechanisms of AMR transmission in various domains, along with the dynamics and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The co-authorship analysis suggested a significant increase in cooperation among low- and middle-income countries in the third period.

Conclusion

The scope of epidemiological research on AMR has expanded by including human, animal, and environmental areas. Moreover, genetic and molecular level research represents the forefront of this field, offering innovative tools to combat AMR in the future. This study suggests further research to translate existing findings into practical implementation of the One Health strategy, and to support globally consistent action in combating AMR.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Background

Over the past few decades, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health challenge in human and veterinary medicine. Research on AMR genes in captive wild animals has increased. However, the presence and molecular characteristics of tet(X)-carrying bacteria in these animals remain unknown.

Methods

Eighty-four samples were collected from captive wild animals. tet(X) variants were detected using polymerase chain reaction and the isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. All isolated strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. The virulence of an Escherichia coli strain carrying enterotoxin genes was assessed using a Galleria mellonella larval model.

Results

We isolated two tet(X4)-positive E. coli strains and one tet(X4)-positive Raoultella ornithinolytica strain. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that all three tet(X4)-carrying bacteria were sensitive to the 13 tested antimicrobial agents, but exhibited resistance to tigecycline. Notably, one tet(X4)-carrying E. coli strain producing an enterotoxin had a toxic effect on G. mellonella larvae. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that the two tet(X4)-carrying E. coli strains had more than 95% similarity to tet(X4)-containing E. coli strains isolated from pigs and humans in China.

Conclusion

The genetic environment of tet(X4) closely resembled that of the plasmid described in previous studies. Our study identified tet(X4)-positive strains in wildlife and provided valuable epidemiological data for monitoring drug resistance. The identification of enterotoxin-producing E. coli strains also highlights the potential risks posed by virulence genes.

Background

Camels, known as the enduring “ships of the desert,” host a complex gut microbiota that plays a crucial role in their survival in extreme environments. However, amidst the fascinating discoveries about the camel gut microbiota, concerns about antibiotic resistance have emerged as a significant global challenge affecting both human and animal populations. Indeed, the continued use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has led to the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which has worsened through gene transfer.

Methodology

This study offers a deeper examination of this pressing issue by harnessing the potent tools of metagenomics to explore the intricate interplay between the camel (Camelus ferus) gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance.

Results

Samples from wild camels yielded varying amounts of raw and clean data, generating scaftigs and open reading frames. The camel fecal microbiome was dominated by bacteria (mainly Bacillota and Bacteriodota), followed by viruses, archaea, and eukaryota. The most abundant genera were the Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium. Functional annotation revealed enriched pathways in metabolism, genetic information processing, and cellular processes, with key pathways involving carbohydrate transport and metabolism, replication, and amino acid transport. CAZy database analysis showed high abundances of glycoside hydrolases and glycosyl transferases. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) analysis identified Bacillota and Bacteroidota as the main reservoirs, with vancomycin resistance genes being the most prevalent. This study identified three major resistance mechanisms: antibiotic target alteration, antibiotic target protection, and antibiotic efflux.

Conclusion

These findings contribute to a broader understanding of antibiotic resistance within animal microbiomes and provide a foundation for further investigations of strategies to manage and mitigate antibiotic resistance.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion