Vacunas (English Edition)最新文献

英文中文

Measles eradication: Still a long and winding road 根除麻疹：道路依然漫长而曲折

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.002

Fernando Moraga-Llop , Magda Campins-Martí

引用次数: 0

Next-generation oral polio vaccine: The solution to reach eradication? 下一代口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗：根除脊髓灰质炎的解决方案？

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.004

Nuria Torner

引用次数: 0

Plant system as a versatile and robust platform for the development of vaccines against arboviral infections 将植物系统作为开发预防虫媒病毒感染疫苗的多功能稳健平台

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.010

Balamurugan Shanmugaraj , Nivetha Loganathan , Harish Mani Chandra

Arboviral infections are predominantly transmitted by arthropods causing significant mortality, morbidity, and represent a major global health concern. These infections pose significant economic burdens especially in endemic regions. Dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and zika are the most common arboviral diseases spread by Aedes mosquitoes. Extensive research has been conducted on vector surveillance and vector control strategies to limit the arboviral transmission. However, vaccines remain the most powerful tool in the fight against infectious diseases. Over the years, significant progress has been made in developing vaccines against several infectious diseases. The global disease burden has been drastically reduced due to effective vaccination. The continual threat of arboviral outbreaks necessitates the need for effective vaccine and therapeutic development. For most arboviral diseases, vaccines are not available. Recently, plant-based vaccine development represents a promising platform for the rapid supply of antigens and antibodies for developing diagnostic kits or vaccines against pathogens. The concept of producing pharmaceutically significant and commercially viable therapeutic proteins in plants is defined as molecular farming. Substantial efforts have been made in this field, with improved expression strategies, refinement of downstream processing, and sufficient evidence showing the immunogenicity and efficacy of plant-produced recombinant proteins. Currently, few plant-produced vaccine antigens have reached the clinical trials. Notably, the plant-produced COVID-19 vaccine, Covifenz has been approved by Canada, and plant-produced influenza candidates showed safety and efficacy in clinical trials. In this review, we briefly summarize the potential of plant-derived vaccines in the fight against arboviral infections.

节肢动物病毒感染主要通过节肢动物传播，造成大量死亡和发病，是全球关注的主要健康问题。这些感染造成了巨大的经济负担，尤其是在流行地区。登革热、基孔肯雅热、黄热病和寨卡病是伊蚊传播的最常见的虫媒病毒疾病。为了限制虫媒病毒的传播，人们对病媒监测和病媒控制策略进行了广泛的研究。然而，疫苗仍然是抗击传染病最有力的工具。多年来，针对几种传染病的疫苗研发取得了重大进展。有效的疫苗接种大大减轻了全球疾病负担。由于虫媒病毒爆发的威胁持续存在，因此有必要开发有效的疫苗和疗法。对于大多数虫媒病毒疾病，目前还没有疫苗。最近，以植物为基础的疫苗开发为快速提供抗原和抗体以开发病原体诊断试剂盒或疫苗提供了一个前景广阔的平台。在植物中生产具有药用价值和商业价值的治疗蛋白的概念被定义为分子农业。人们在这一领域做出了巨大努力，改进了表达策略，完善了下游处理过程，并有充分证据表明植物生产的重组蛋白具有免疫原性和有效性。目前，很少有植物生产的疫苗抗原进入临床试验阶段。值得注意的是，植物生产的 COVID-19 疫苗 Covifenz 已获得加拿大批准，植物生产的流感候选疫苗在临床试验中显示出安全性和有效性。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了植物源疫苗在抗击虫媒病毒感染方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Designing an immuno-epitope candidate vaccine from (Opa, ProA, ProB, RmpM and BamD) proteins against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitides 利用（Opa、ProA、ProB、RmpM 和 BamD）蛋白设计针对淋病奈瑟菌和脑膜炎奈瑟菌的免疫表位候选疫苗

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.009

Ali Adel Dawood

The development of a conventional vaccine against gonococci has been difficult since there are no precise correlates of immune protection and the mechanisms of protective immunity are not yet understood. However, the drop in gonorrhea infections might be attributed to the development of vaccines based on Neisseria meningitidis' outer membrane. The goal of this research was to develop a multi-epitope vaccination utilizing proteins from N. meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A Neisseria Multi-Epitope Vaccine (NMEV), containing Opa, ProA, ProB, RmpM, and BamD, was developed using immunophysicochemical informatics techniques. The vaccine consists of 297 amino acids. Antigenicity and sensitivity to NMEV were evaluated. NMEV generates a substantial amount of immune cells and cytokines. The total quality factor of the NMEV 2D structure is around 91%. The vaccine's safety, effectiveness, and other properties make it an attractive option for in vitro and in vivo testing. The suggested NMEV subunit vaccine has the potential to elicit a strong immune response, necessitating additional in vitro and in vivo studies to eliminate Neisseria infections.

由于没有精确的免疫保护相关因素，保护性免疫的机制也尚未被了解，因此很难开发出针对淋球菌的常规疫苗。不过，淋病感染率的下降可能要归功于基于奈瑟氏脑膜炎球菌外膜的疫苗的开发。这项研究的目标是利用脑膜炎奈瑟菌和淋病奈瑟菌的蛋白质开发一种多表位疫苗。利用免疫物理化学信息学技术开发了一种奈瑟菌多表位疫苗（NMEV），其中包含 Opa、ProA、ProB、RmpM 和 BamD。该疫苗由 297 个氨基酸组成。对 NMEV 的抗原性和敏感性进行了评估。NMEV 产生了大量的免疫细胞和细胞因子。NMEV 二维结构的总质量因子约为 91%。该疫苗的安全性、有效性和其他特性使其成为体外和体内测试的一个有吸引力的选择。建议的 NMEV 亚单位疫苗有可能引起强烈的免疫反应，因此有必要进行更多的体外和体内研究，以消除奈瑟氏菌感染。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological distribution and phylogenetic diversity of measles virus genotypes in West Africa, 2001 to 2020 2001 至 2020 年西非麻疹病毒基因型的生态分布和系统发育多样性

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.008

Muhammad Bashir Bello , Anas Haruna Ruggah

Introduction

Measles remains a significant threat to public health in developing countries, particularly among children under the age of 5. A pivotal aspect of the measles eradication initiative involves the genetic characterization of wild-type viruses to better understand transmission patterns and inform vaccination strategies.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the ecology and genotype diversity of the measles virus in West Africa from 2001 to 2020, utilizing available sequence data from the GenBank.

Methodology

We conducted a comprehensive analysis using maximum-likelihood phylogenetics, focusing on the N450 fragment from measles virus isolates found in West Africa between 2001 and 2020. Additionally, pairwise sequence comparison analysis was carried out to determine the evolutionary divergence of various genotypes in West Africa and their genetic distance from vaccine strains.

Results

Our findings indicate that over the past 2 decades, B3, D3, and D8 isolates have been circulating in various West African countries. Notably, B3 isolates have been identified as the primary contributors to endemic transmission, as evidenced by the concurrent presence of the same isolate in different countries within the subregion. Furthermore, our analysis reveals a significant shift in the circulation of D3 and D8 isolates, which were originally reported exclusively in New Guinea over 15 years ago but are now dominated by the B3 genotype.

Conclusion

Over the past 2 decades, B3, D3, and D8 measles virus genotypes have circulated in 10 West African countries. Particularly, B3.1 isolates currently dominate, especially in Nigeria, indicating endemic transmission. However, despite the informative value of N450, complete genome sequencing data is highly needed to accurately understand the evolutionary dynamics of the measles virus in West Africa.

导言麻疹仍然是发展中国家公共卫生的重大威胁，尤其是在 5 岁以下儿童中。根除麻疹计划的一个重要方面是对野生型病毒进行基因鉴定，以便更好地了解传播模式，为疫苗接种策略提供依据。本研究旨在利用 GenBank 现有的序列数据，调查 2001 年至 2020 年期间西非麻疹病毒的生态学和基因型多样性。此外，我们还进行了成对序列比较分析，以确定西非各种基因型的进化分化及其与疫苗株的遗传距离。结果我们的研究结果表明，在过去 20 年中，B3、D3 和 D8 分离株一直在西非各国流行。值得注意的是，B3分离株已被确定为造成地方性传播的主要因素，这一点从同一分离株同时出现在该次区域内不同国家就可见一斑。此外，我们的分析表明，D3 和 D8 分离物的循环发生了重大变化，15 年前，这些分离物最初仅在新几内亚有报道，但现在则以 B3 基因型为主。尤其是在尼日利亚，B3.1 型分离株目前占主导地位，这表明麻疹在当地流行。然而，尽管 N450 具有信息价值，但要准确了解麻疹病毒在西非的进化动态，仍亟需完整的基因组测序数据。

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引用次数: 0

Psychological characteristics and their impact on the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines 心理特征及其对 COVID-19 疫苗有效性和安全性的影响

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.012

Mohsen Karbalaei , Vahideh Poyesh , Masoud Keikha

引用次数: 0

Review of vaccine packaging formats and their key features 回顾疫苗包装格式及其主要特点

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.001

Silvia Domínguez-Fernández , Jose Antonio Forcada-Segarra , Inmaculada Cuesta-Esteve , Silvia Fernández-Fernández , Rosario Cáceres Fernández-Bolaños , Guadalupe Fontán-Vinagre , Roberto Guerrero-Menéndez

Aims

To explore the implications for use of the different vaccine packaging options, in terms of sustainability, safety, and nurses' preferences; as well as to elaborate a proposal for main concepts of vaccine packaging that could serve as a user guide for nurses.

Methods

A literature review has been carried out about logistic, ergonomic, and practical aspects of the different vaccine packaging options. The search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE databases. Initially, 99 sources were identified, of which 19 articles were included for review.

Review/Results

The findings have been grouped in 4 categories: description of vaccine packaging options, and implications in sustainability, safety, and nurses' preferences in clinical practice.

Conclusions and implications for practice

Nationwide, there are just a few studies addressing logistic, ergonomic, and practical aspects of the different vaccine packaging options. Regarding the review process of packaging formats, a descriptive section within the document has been developed by experts, including a summary chart. There exists knowledge about liquid formulations, in particular, the prefilled-syringe and multi-dose formats. In relation to sustainability, in terms of packaging, cold storage, and transport, among others; we consider that these are main aspects that should be addressed by its contribution to the reduction of environmental impact; given its scarce presence in the current literature.

目的从可持续性、安全性和护士偏好等方面探讨不同疫苗包装方案对使用的影响，并就疫苗包装的主要概念提出建议，作为护士的使用指南。方法对不同疫苗包装方案的物流、人体工程学和实用性方面进行了文献综述。在 PubMed、CINAHL 和 MEDLINE 数据库中进行了搜索。初步确定了 99 个资料来源，其中 19 篇文章被纳入审查范围。审查/结果研究结果分为 4 个类别：疫苗包装选项的描述，以及对可持续性、安全性和护士在临床实践中的偏好的影响。结论和对实践的影响在全国范围内，只有少数研究涉及不同疫苗包装选项的物流、人体工程学和实用性方面。关于包装形式的审查过程，专家们在文件中编写了一个描述性部分，包括一张汇总表。目前已有关于液体制剂的知识，尤其是预充式注射器和多剂量形式。关于包装、冷藏和运输等方面的可持续性，我们认为，鉴于其在当前文献中的稀缺性，这些都是应通过其对减少环境影响的贡献来解决的主要方面。

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引用次数: 0

Comments on “Prevalence of HCV among patients with HIV in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis” 关于 "伊朗艾滋病毒感染者中的丙型肝炎病毒流行率：系统回顾和荟萃分析"

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.013

Ghazaleh Laliani , Masoud Keikha

引用次数: 0

Acceptance of malaria vaccine among mothers of under-five children in Nigeria: Results from the M-VAN survey 尼日利亚五岁以下儿童的母亲对疟疾疫苗的接受程度：M-VAN 调查的结果

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.005

Muhammad Sale Musa , Abdulwahab Kabir Sulaiman , Fatimah Isma'il Tsiga-Ahmed , Abdulaziz Tijjani Bako , Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman

Background

Malaria is one of the most common causes of death among children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria accounts for 1 in every 4 global malaria incidences and deaths. We evaluated the prevalence and correlates of malaria vaccine acceptance among mothers of children under 5 years in Nigeria.

Methods

A convenient sample of mothers of children under the age of 5 was recruited via a cross-sectional online survey conducted between 20 and 25 October 2021. Participants who replied ‘yes’ to a questionnaire assessing their willingness to accept the malaria vaccine were considered “acceptant”. We fit a multivariate logistic regression model to report the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the factors associated with vaccine acceptance.

Results

Among the 595 participants (mean age 35 years [SD; 9.84]), 463 (77.82%) were willing to accept a malaria vaccine for their children. The results of our multivariable analysis showed that belonging to the Hausa tribe is associated with significantly higher odds of acceptance, compared to Igbo (aOR: 2.78, 95% CI:1.09–7.14) and other tribes (aOR:2.27, 95% CI: 1.11–4.55). The most common reasons for malaria vaccine acceptance include preventing the development of complicated malaria, reducing the frequency of malaria episodes in children, improving a child's quality of life, and reducing the number of school hours lost to malaria.

Conclusion

Further efforts are needed to understand the cultural barriers to malaria vaccine acceptance in order to maximize malaria vaccine uptake when the actual vaccine roll-out commences.

背景疟疾是撒哈拉以南非洲 5 岁以下儿童最常见的死因之一。全球每 4 例疟疾发病和死亡病例中就有 1 例发生在尼日利亚。我们评估了尼日利亚 5 岁以下儿童的母亲接受疟疾疫苗的普遍程度和相关因素。方法在 2021 年 10 月 20 日至 25 日期间通过横断面在线调查招募了 5 岁以下儿童母亲的方便样本。对评估其接受疟疾疫苗意愿的问卷作出 "是 "回答的参与者被视为 "接受"。我们拟合了一个多变量逻辑回归模型，以报告与疫苗接受度相关因素的调整赔率比 (aOR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。结果在 595 名参与者（平均年龄 35 岁 [SD; 9.84]）中，463 人（77.82%）愿意为其子女接种疟疾疫苗。我们的多变量分析结果显示，与伊格博人（aOR：2.78，95% CI：1.09-7.14）和其他部落（aOR：2.27，95% CI：1.11-4.55）相比，属于豪萨部落的人接受疟疾疫苗的几率明显更高。接受疟疾疫苗的最常见原因包括预防复杂性疟疾的发展、减少儿童疟疾发作的频率、改善儿童的生活质量以及减少因疟疾而损失的学时。

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引用次数: 0

Could molecular farming be a game changing paradigm in the production of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy? 在生产用于癌症免疫疗法的免疫检查点抑制剂的过程中，分子农业能否成为改变游戏规则的范例？

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.011

Balamurugan Shanmugaraj

Plants are considered as an alternative system for a cost-effective production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals, the concept termed as molecular farming. While plant-based production systems have demonstrated success in producing viral vaccines, the application of plant systems to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) production is still in an earlier stage. The plant-derived ICIs have demonstrated efficacy in proof-of-concept studies; however, further research is essential to comprehensively assess their efficacy, safety, and potential for clinical application.

植物被认为是以具有成本效益的方式生产重组生物制药的替代系统，这一概念被称为分子农业。虽然基于植物的生产系统在生产病毒疫苗方面取得了成功，但将植物系统应用于生产免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）仍处于早期阶段。植物提取的 ICIs 已在概念验证研究中证明了其功效，但要全面评估其功效、安全性和临床应用潜力，还需要进一步的研究。

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