Vacunas (English Edition)最新文献_第6页

Acceptance of malaria vaccine among mothers of under-five children in Nigeria: Results from the M-VAN survey 尼日利亚五岁以下儿童的母亲对疟疾疫苗的接受程度：M-VAN 调查的结果

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.005

Muhammad Sale Musa , Abdulwahab Kabir Sulaiman , Fatimah Isma'il Tsiga-Ahmed , Abdulaziz Tijjani Bako , Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman

Background

Malaria is one of the most common causes of death among children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria accounts for 1 in every 4 global malaria incidences and deaths. We evaluated the prevalence and correlates of malaria vaccine acceptance among mothers of children under 5 years in Nigeria.

Methods

A convenient sample of mothers of children under the age of 5 was recruited via a cross-sectional online survey conducted between 20 and 25 October 2021. Participants who replied ‘yes’ to a questionnaire assessing their willingness to accept the malaria vaccine were considered “acceptant”. We fit a multivariate logistic regression model to report the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the factors associated with vaccine acceptance.

Results

Among the 595 participants (mean age 35 years [SD; 9.84]), 463 (77.82%) were willing to accept a malaria vaccine for their children. The results of our multivariable analysis showed that belonging to the Hausa tribe is associated with significantly higher odds of acceptance, compared to Igbo (aOR: 2.78, 95% CI:1.09–7.14) and other tribes (aOR:2.27, 95% CI: 1.11–4.55). The most common reasons for malaria vaccine acceptance include preventing the development of complicated malaria, reducing the frequency of malaria episodes in children, improving a child's quality of life, and reducing the number of school hours lost to malaria.

Conclusion

Further efforts are needed to understand the cultural barriers to malaria vaccine acceptance in order to maximize malaria vaccine uptake when the actual vaccine roll-out commences.

背景疟疾是撒哈拉以南非洲 5 岁以下儿童最常见的死因之一。全球每 4 例疟疾发病和死亡病例中就有 1 例发生在尼日利亚。我们评估了尼日利亚 5 岁以下儿童的母亲接受疟疾疫苗的普遍程度和相关因素。方法在 2021 年 10 月 20 日至 25 日期间通过横断面在线调查招募了 5 岁以下儿童母亲的方便样本。对评估其接受疟疾疫苗意愿的问卷作出 "是 "回答的参与者被视为 "接受"。我们拟合了一个多变量逻辑回归模型，以报告与疫苗接受度相关因素的调整赔率比 (aOR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。结果在 595 名参与者（平均年龄 35 岁 [SD; 9.84]）中，463 人（77.82%）愿意为其子女接种疟疾疫苗。我们的多变量分析结果显示，与伊格博人（aOR：2.78，95% CI：1.09-7.14）和其他部落（aOR：2.27，95% CI：1.11-4.55）相比，属于豪萨部落的人接受疟疾疫苗的几率明显更高。接受疟疾疫苗的最常见原因包括预防复杂性疟疾的发展、减少儿童疟疾发作的频率、改善儿童的生活质量以及减少因疟疾而损失的学时。

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引用次数: 0

Could molecular farming be a game changing paradigm in the production of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy? 在生产用于癌症免疫疗法的免疫检查点抑制剂的过程中，分子农业能否成为改变游戏规则的范例？

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.011

Balamurugan Shanmugaraj

Plants are considered as an alternative system for a cost-effective production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals, the concept termed as molecular farming. While plant-based production systems have demonstrated success in producing viral vaccines, the application of plant systems to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) production is still in an earlier stage. The plant-derived ICIs have demonstrated efficacy in proof-of-concept studies; however, further research is essential to comprehensively assess their efficacy, safety, and potential for clinical application.

植物被认为是以具有成本效益的方式生产重组生物制药的替代系统，这一概念被称为分子农业。虽然基于植物的生产系统在生产病毒疫苗方面取得了成功，但将植物系统应用于生产免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）仍处于早期阶段。植物提取的 ICIs 已在概念验证研究中证明了其功效，但要全面评估其功效、安全性和临床应用潜力，还需要进一步的研究。

引用次数: 0

Assessment of hepatitis B knowledge among Moroccans 摩洛哥人乙型肝炎知识评估

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.007

Salma Madihi , Samia Boukaira , Hind Bouafi , Abdelouaheb Benani

Objective

Little is known about the knowledge of hepatitis B infection in Morocco. This article describes the general population and students' knowledge of hepatitis B infection.

Material and methods

A questionnaire was designed between November and December 2022 to capture demographic data (gender, age, occupation, and city) and 12 HBV-related questions. The study population comprised 402 Moroccan individuals, of whom 100 were students. Students' knowledge was compared between public and private middle and high schools.

Results

Overall, 64.43% indicated prior awareness of hepatitis B, 33.58% were aware of the nature and the global prevalence of the disease, and 13.68% were knowledgeable about chronicity rate in Morocco. The contagious potential of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was appreciated by 35.1% of respondents while 51.5% were aware of its various transmission routes. The risk of vertical transmission and the availability of a hepatitis B vaccine were recognized by 57.7% and 56.1%, respectively. Vaccination status against hepatitis B was confirmed by 23% of respondents and 16.3% were aware of their HBV serostatus. While only 28% knew someone affected by hepatitis B, 69.4% acknowledged awareness of other types of hepatitis. Age and education type were factors associated with a good knowledge of the different aspects of HBV infection. The only gender-related difference reported concerned the existence of a hepatitis B vaccine knowledge.

Conclusion

We highlight contrasting levels of HBV knowledge in the Moroccan general population and students. Results demonstrate the need to implement prevention programs in order to overcome the gap between public and private school outcomes.

目的对摩洛哥人的乙型肝炎感染知识知之甚少。材料和方法 2022 年 11 月至 12 月期间设计了一份调查问卷，以收集人口统计学数据（性别、年龄、职业和城市）和 12 个与乙型肝炎病毒相关的问题。研究对象包括 402 名摩洛哥人，其中 100 人为学生。结果总体而言，64.43%的学生表示事先了解乙型肝炎，33.58%的学生了解该疾病的性质和全球发病率，13.68%的学生了解摩洛哥的慢性病发病率。35.1%的受访者了解乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的传染性，51.5%的受访者了解其各种传播途径。57.7%的受访者认识到垂直传播的风险，56.1%的受访者认识到乙肝疫苗的可用性。23%的受访者确认接种过乙肝疫苗，16.3%的受访者知道自己的乙肝病毒血清状态。虽然只有 28% 的受访者知道有人患有乙型肝炎，但 69.4% 的受访者承认了解其他类型的肝炎。年龄和教育程度与是否了解 HBV 感染的各个方面有关。结论我们强调了摩洛哥普通人群和学生对乙型肝炎病毒知识的不同了解程度。研究结果表明，有必要实施预防计划，以缩小公立学校和私立学校之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

Association of C4 and CH50 levels with cough and rhinorrhea in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis in the Iranian population COVID-19患者的C4和CH50水平与咳嗽和鼻出血的关系：伊朗人群的回顾性分析

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.006

Seyed Ali Hashemi , Forouzan Rostami , Babak Shaghaghi , Mahla Niknam , Elham Abani , Abdol Sattar Pagheh , Arezou Khosrojerdi , Fatemeh Rezaei

Introduction

The wide spectrum of COVID-19 symptoms, ranging from mild manifestations to severe pulmonary damage and mortality, prompted this study to investigate the relationship between clinical symptoms and complement system (CS) activation in COVID-19 patients.

Materials and method

This retrospective study focused on 100 PCR-positive COVID-19 individuals admitted to Imam Khomeini and Bu Ali hospitals in Sari City from April to June 2021. The levels of C3 and C4 proteins in their blood were measured using nephelometry, and CH50 tests were done with single radial immunodiffusion to determine the activity of CS.

Results

The study found that high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes were the most common underlying conditions among the patients, with prevalence rates of 29%, 24%, and 23%, respectively. Positive correlations were found between C4 and CH50 levels and the presence of cough and rhinorrhea in the subjects. Stratifying patients into 2 groups based on cough or rhinorrhea revealed a significant difference in CH50.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that COVID-19 patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus may benefit from targeting CS for disease management.

导言：COVID-19 的症状范围很广，从轻微表现到严重的肺损伤和死亡，这促使本研究调查 COVID-19 患者的临床症状与补体系统（CS）激活之间的关系。材料和方法本回顾性研究的重点是 2021 年 4 月至 6 月在萨里市伊玛目霍梅尼医院和布阿里医院住院的 100 例 PCR 阳性 COVID-19 患者。研究发现，高血压、吸烟和糖尿病是患者最常见的基础疾病，患病率分别为 29%、24% 和 23%。研究发现，C4和CH50水平与受试者是否咳嗽和流鼻涕呈正相关。结论研究结果表明，COVID-19 患者中的高血压或糖尿病患者可能会从针对 CS 的疾病管理中获益。

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引用次数: 0

Importance of optimizing routine immunization schedules in pediatric heart transplantation 优化小儿心脏移植常规免疫计划的重要性

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.10.003

Sofía Bassy Navarro , Nuria Gil Villanueva , Manuela Camino-López , Roberto Alonso Fernández , Beatriz Lázaro-Martín , Alicia Hernanz-Lobo , Marisa Navarro Gómez

Objective

Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure to reduce the risk of infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment, such as heart transplant (HT) patients. The objectives of this study are to describe and evaluate the vaccination status of a group of pediatric HT recipients.

Material and methods

Retrospective descriptive study of 75 pediatric patients who underwent HT at a tertiary hospital between January 2000 and September 2020. Demographic, clinical (immunization before and after HT, and attendance to vaccination counselling consultation), and analytical (hepatitis A and B serology before and after HT) variables were collected.

Results

Patients > 12 months reached the HT with better vaccination coverage than those < 12 months: 78.9 % versus 60.7 % had a complete vaccination schedule (P = .15). Post-HT vaccination update rate is low; only 13.3 % of patients had a complete schedule according to their age. The post-HT vaccination update of the human papillomavirus vaccine is higher in women (P = .02). We did not find statistical differences between other vaccines according to sex. A total of 13.3 % of patients attended post-HT vaccination counselling consultation, being better immunised than those who did not (P = .01).

Conclusions

The evaluation and optimization of vaccination schedules of patients with HT remains suboptimal. A follow-up of these patients and their relatives in vaccination specialised consultations can improve the immunization status of pediatric HT recipients.

目的接种疫苗是降低心脏移植（HT）等接受免疫抑制治疗的患者感染风险的最有效预防措施。材料和方法对 2000 年 1 月至 2020 年 9 月期间在一家三级医院接受心脏移植手术的 75 名儿科患者进行回顾性描述性研究。研究收集了人口统计学、临床（HT前后的免疫接种和疫苗接种咨询）和分析（HT前后的甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎血清学）变量：78.9%的患者接种了完整的疫苗，而 60.7% 的患者接种了完整的疫苗（P = .15）。HT后的疫苗接种更新率较低；只有13.3%的患者根据其年龄制定了完整的疫苗接种计划。女性接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗后的更新率较高（P = .02）。我们没有发现其他疫苗在性别上存在统计学差异。共有 13.3% 的患者参加了 HT 疫苗接种后的咨询辅导，他们的免疫效果优于未参加者（P = .01）。在疫苗接种专门咨询中对这些患者及其亲属进行随访可以改善小儿高血压患者的免疫状况。

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引用次数: 0

COVID-19 vaccine rumour and resistance in Indonesia: Analysing vaccine hesitancy and cultural myths circulated on online platforms 印度尼西亚的 COVID-19 疫苗谣言与抵制：分析网络平台上流传的疫苗犹豫和文化神话

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.08.003

Rachmah Ida , Sri Endah Kinasih , Syafrida Nurrachmi Febriyanti , Ratih Puspa , Muhammad Saud , Mohd Syuhaidi Abu Bakar

Background

Rumours and misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccine have been massively circulated on social media platforms, ranging from misleading information, hoaxes, and conspiracy theories to exaggerating stories mixed with the circulation of cultural myths regarding the vaccine.

Methods

This study examines the contents of social media platforms such as Twitter, YouTube, TikTok, and WhatsApp posts, also sourced from other Indonesian online portal news and mainstream media websites.

Results

This research identifies quantitatively several rumours, misleading information, conspiracy theories, and other misinformation, resistance, and rejection toward issues related to the COVID-19 vaccine from March to April 2021. We then combine it with an analysis of the narratives of vaccine resistance and cultural myths that have made people hesitate or apathetic in participating in national vaccine programs by the Indonesian government.

Conclusion

Sourced from the content analysis of this study, we categorised some themes such as vaccine development, availability, access, morbidity, mortality, harmful excesses, safety, and efficacy, both contained and presented in short narratives, visual graphics, memes, and cartoons. This study suggests that these rumours, misleading stories, and myths, may result in the Indonesian public's vaccine resistance and hesitancy, especially since May the Indonesian government stopped distributing the Astra Zeneca vaccines and the controversial issue regarding the availability of ‘Vaccine Nusantara’ (term as ‘Archipelago Vaccine’). This situation may influence the public's attitude to distrust the government and be distracted by misinformation about the vaccination program. Moreover, we see that cultural beliefs and religious stances have made complicated the hesitancy and resistance of the public against the COVID-19 vaccine.

背景有关 COVID-19 疫苗的谣言和错误信息在社交媒体平台上大量传播，其中既有误导性信息、骗局和阴谋论，也有夸大其词的故事，还夹杂着有关该疫苗的文化神话。本研究对 Twitter、YouTube、TikTok 和 WhatsApp 等社交媒体平台上的帖子内容进行了研究，同时还从其他印尼在线门户新闻和主流媒体网站上获取了相关信息。结论从本研究的内容分析中，我们对一些主题进行了分类，如疫苗开发、可用性、可及性、发病率、死亡率、有害过量、安全性和有效性，这些主题都包含在简短的叙述、视觉图形、备忘录和漫画中。本研究表明，这些谣言、误导性故事和神话可能会导致印尼公众对疫苗的抵制和犹豫，尤其是自五月份印尼政府停止分发阿斯利康疫苗以及有关 "南太平洋疫苗"（即 "群岛疫苗"）供应的争议问题以来。这种情况可能会影响公众对政府的不信任态度，并被有关疫苗接种计划的错误信息所干扰。此外，我们还看到文化信仰和宗教立场使公众对 COVID-19 疫苗的犹豫和抵触情绪复杂化。

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine rumour and resistance in Indonesia: Analysing vaccine hesitancy and cultural myths circulated on online platforms","authors":"Rachmah Ida , Sri Endah Kinasih , Syafrida Nurrachmi Febriyanti , Ratih Puspa , Muhammad Saud , Mohd Syuhaidi Abu Bakar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rumours and misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccine have been massively circulated on social media platforms, ranging from misleading information, hoaxes, and conspiracy theories to exaggerating stories mixed with the circulation of cultural myths regarding the vaccine.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study examines the contents of social media platforms such as Twitter, YouTube, TikTok, and WhatsApp posts, also sourced from other Indonesian online portal news and mainstream media websites.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This research identifies quantitatively several rumours, misleading information, conspiracy theories, and other misinformation, resistance, and rejection toward issues related to the COVID-19 vaccine from March to April 2021. We then combine it with an analysis of the narratives of vaccine resistance and cultural myths that have made people hesitate or apathetic in participating in national vaccine programs by the Indonesian government.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Sourced from the content analysis of this study, we categorised some themes such as vaccine development, availability, access, morbidity, mortality, harmful excesses, safety, and efficacy, both contained and presented in short narratives, visual graphics, memes, and cartoons. This study suggests that these rumours, misleading stories, and myths, may result in the Indonesian public's vaccine resistance and hesitancy, especially since May the Indonesian government stopped distributing the Astra Zeneca vaccines and the controversial issue regarding the availability of ‘Vaccine Nusantara’ (term as ‘Archipelago Vaccine’). This situation may influence the public's attitude to distrust the government and be distracted by misinformation about the vaccination program. Moreover, we see that cultural beliefs and religious stances have made complicated the hesitancy and resistance of the public against the COVID-19 vaccine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"25 3","pages":"Pages 313-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social media as a supporting mechanism during COVID-19 in Indonesia: A quantitative study on isolation among elders 社交媒体作为印度尼西亚 COVID-19 期间的支持机制：关于老年人孤独感的定量研究

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.08.005

Mustain Mashud , Muhammad Saud , Rachmah Ida , Asia Ashfaq

Background

COVID-19 pandemic has posed mental health challenges for people from all walks of life, including the elders in Indonesia. Due to the wide-ranging effects of this pandemic due to various phases of smart, partial, or full lockdown, people worldwide have faced serious problems particularly with their mental health.

Methods

This quantitative study analyses the experiences of the general public particularly focused on elders, those who are in isolation due to the COVID-19 protocols and limited social or physical interaction within the society. For investigating the social support mechanism among respondents, we have gathered a sample of respondents who are elders and using social media. The data reflect the opinion of respondents on elders during this pandemic. A survey was designed to gather data from elders facing mental health issues and using social media platforms to seek information in Indonesia. An online social support scale, self-awareness and insight scale were deployed to measure responses to the issue at hand.

Results

The data show that the elders had varied conceptualisations about COVID-19 relating to the pandemic, i.e., eating habits, fear of death, strengthening religiosity in eating practices, fear of interacting with people, and interaction patterns. Elders were restricted to their places and had limited physical social interactions, thus social media platforms have played a significant role in developing online interaction among elders, to speak and discuss their matters for coping with the issues of isolation and mental health.

Conclusion

The online media platform is considered a great support for elders to stay connected with families, friends, as well as with other communities. The study concludes that despite declaring the non-emergency status of COVID-19, elders have still suffered with long-term repercussions of this pandemic affecting their mental health.

背景COVID-19 大流行给包括印度尼西亚老年人在内的各行各业的人们带来了心理健康方面的挑战。本定量研究分析了普通大众的经历，特别是老年人的经历，他们因 COVID-19 协议而与世隔绝，在社会中的社交或身体交流受到限制。为了调查受访者的社会支持机制，我们收集了使用社交媒体的长者受访者样本。这些数据反映了受访者在大流行病期间对长者的看法。我们设计了一项调查，以收集印尼面临心理健康问题并使用社交媒体平台寻求信息的长者的数据。结果数据显示，长者们对 COVID-19 的概念与大流行病有关，即饮食习惯、对死亡的恐惧、在饮食习惯中加强宗教信仰、害怕与人交往以及交往模式。长者被限制在自己的地方，实际的社交互动有限，因此社交媒体平台在发展长者之间的在线互动方面发挥了重要作用，他们可以通过社交媒体平台谈论和讨论自己的事情，以应对孤独和心理健康问题。本研究的结论是，尽管 COVID-19 已被宣布为非紧急状态，但长者仍长期遭受这一流行病对其心理健康的影响。

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引用次数: 0

An immune system fighting against pneumococcus 对抗肺炎球菌的免疫系统

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.07.005

C. Ruiz-Ruiz , E. Redondo Margüello

Pneumococcus is a common coloniser of the human nasopharynx. However, it can also cause human diseases such as otitis or pneumonia, which may progress into invasive forms such as bacteremic pneumonia, meningitis, or sepsis. This bacterium reaches and establishes itself in the nasopharynx through different mechanisms, which include evasion of the host immune system. Moreover, certain factors such as the coinfection with viruses favour colonisation, as well as the ability of pneumococcus to cause diseases. Our immune system responds to pneumococcal colonisation and infection through the innate and adaptive responses, which can be stimulated by pneumococcal vaccines. In the following article, we will briefly review the mechanisms of pneumococcal infection and how our immune system responds to it; as well as the immune response generated after vaccination and its impact on the prevention of pneumococcal disease.

肺炎球菌是人类鼻咽部的常见定植菌。然而，它也会引起人类疾病，如中耳炎或肺炎，并可能发展为侵袭性疾病，如菌血症性肺炎、脑膜炎或败血症。这种细菌通过不同的机制到达并在鼻咽部立足，其中包括躲避宿主的免疫系统。此外，某些因素（如合并病毒感染）也有利于肺炎球菌的定植和致病能力。我们的免疫系统会通过先天性和适应性反应来应对肺炎球菌的定植和感染，而肺炎球菌疫苗可以刺激这些反应。在下面的文章中，我们将简要回顾肺炎球菌感染的机制和我们的免疫系统如何对其做出反应；以及接种疫苗后产生的免疫反应及其对预防肺炎球菌疾病的影响。

引用次数: 0

The immunization questionnaire for understanding unwellness (TIQUU): Fun learning about vaccination using an innovative storytelling approach 了解不健康的免疫接种问卷 (TIQUU)：用创新的讲故事方式趣味学习疫苗接种知识

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.08.002

Waqaas A. Butt , Faizan G. Mustafa , Zeeshan Ahsan , Shaharyar Salim , Hasan Nawaz Tahir , Asad I. Mian

Background

Vaccination is a pivotal tool in public health. In LMICs like Pakistan, challenges hinder high immunization rates. This study addresses gaps in vaccination knowledge among school children through innovative educational interventions. The study aims to enhance vaccination awareness and contribute to health education discourse.

Methodology

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 4 private schools in Karachi, Pakistan, from February to May 2021. Children aged 8–12 years in grades 2–5 were enrolled. An interactive discussion on vaccine safety and immunization was conducted using a bilingual pictorial storybook. Group-I experienced traditional Urdu book reading, while Group-II engaged with a digital animated video in English. A pre-test was conducted to assess baseline knowledge about immunization followed by an interactive discussion and immediately a post-test. Test scores were analyzed using paired sample t-test using Stata 17.0 version.

Results

The study enrolled 400 students in Karachi, Pakistan. Both groups exhibited significant knowledge shifts regarding vaccine-related topics. Group-I (Analog Urdu) showed changes in understanding sickness reasons, vaccine timing, newborn protection, sports injury response, and memory impact. Group-II (Digital English) displayed shifts in illness understanding, recommended actions, injection and vaccine knowledge, safety perceptions, measles prevention, and management during sports injury. A statistically significant improvement in mean scores was observed.

Conclusion

As a proactive and early strategy to alleviate the societal burden of under-immunization, cost-effective educational interventions can be integrated into school curricula. Our approach through bilingual pictorial storybooks and animated videos has been proven effective and helps one grasp immunization's importance.

背景疫苗接种是公共卫生的重要工具。在巴基斯坦等低收入和中等收入国家，各种挑战阻碍了免疫接种率的提高。本研究通过创新的教育干预措施来弥补学龄儿童在疫苗接种知识方面的不足。方法这项准实验研究于 2021 年 2 月至 5 月在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的 4 所私立学校进行。二至五年级 8-12 岁的儿童参加了研究。研究使用双语图画故事书，就疫苗安全和免疫接种进行了互动讨论。第一组体验了传统的乌尔都语图书阅读，第二组则观看了英语数字动画视频。在互动讨论之后进行了一次前测，以评估有关免疫接种的基本知识，然后进行后测。测试成绩使用 Stata 17.0 版本的配对样本 t 检验法进行分析。两组学生在疫苗相关主题方面都有明显的知识转变。第一组（模拟乌尔都语）在对生病原因、疫苗接种时间、新生儿保护、运动损伤反应和记忆影响的理解方面发生了变化。第二组（数字英语）在疾病理解、建议采取的行动、注射和疫苗知识、安全认知、麻疹预防和运动损伤时的处理等方面发生了变化。结论作为减轻免疫接种不足造成的社会负担的一种积极和早期策略，可将具有成本效益的教育干预措施纳入学校课程。我们通过双语图画故事书和动画视频进行教育的方法已被证明是有效的，有助于人们了解免疫接种的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of new tools to increase the rate of influenza vaccination in patients considered at risk during the campaigns of 2019, 2020 and 2021 在 2019 年、2020 年和 2021 年活动期间，利用新工具提高高危患者的流感疫苗接种率

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2024.07.002

Beatriz Santos López , Mónica López Campos , Carmen Viñas Viamonte , Paula Aragón Puig , Elena Buades Pérez , Inés Loreto Gallán Farina

Introduction

Influenza infection is a significant public health issue that causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the population every year. Vaccination is the most effective measure for its prevention. The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of automated letters as a patient recruitment method after their discontinuation in a population where they were previously used, comparing it with the population of another healthcare centre with similar characteristics that has never employed this method.

Materials and methods

An observational and retrospective study was conducted, analysing the influenza vaccination coverage among the at-risk population in 2 healthcare centres with very similar population characteristics during 3 vaccination campaigns (2019, 2020, and 2021). Both descriptive and analytical studies were carried out.

Results

Vaccination rates in the centre that actively recruited patients while the letter sending was still in effect were 46.4% in 2019 and 61% in 2020, decreasing to 25.8% in 2021 after its withdrawal (p < .001). Influenza vaccination was significantly higher during the 3 campaigns at the health centre that used the letter. The groups in which vaccination rates decreased most significantly were those aged 65 and older and those with heart disease.

Conclusions

The implementation of automated letters has proven to be particularly effective among patients considered at risk.

导言流感感染是一个重大的公共卫生问题，每年都会导致大量人口发病和死亡。接种疫苗是预防流感的最有效措施。本研究的目的是分析自动信函作为一种患者招募方法在以前使用过的人群中停止使用后所产生的影响，并将其与另一个具有类似特征但从未使用过该方法的医疗保健中心的人群进行比较。材料和方法进行了一项观察性和回顾性研究，分析了在 3 次疫苗接种活动（2019 年、2020 年和 2021 年）期间，人口特征非常相似的两个医疗保健中心的高危人群的流感疫苗接种覆盖率。结果2019 年和 2020 年，在信件发送仍有效期间积极招募患者的中心的接种率分别为 46.4%和 61%，在信件发送取消后，2021 年的接种率降至 25.8%（p <.001）。在使用信件的医疗中心，流感疫苗接种率在三次接种活动中都明显较高。疫苗接种率下降最明显的群体是 65 岁及以上人群和心脏病患者。

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引用次数: 0