Vacunas (English Edition)最新文献

Introduction

In this research, we evaluated the association of genetic variants rs1800629 in TNF and rs2228145 in IL6R with production of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the frequency of adverse effects following immunisation (AEFIs) in adult population from Western of Mexico that received AZD1222 vaccination.

Methods

117 adults were evaluated [33 years (23–40), 65% women]. The self-reported frequency of AEFIs was recorded and the percentage of post-vaccination neutralising antibodies was quantified. The identification of rs1800629 variant in TNF and rs2228145 in IL6R was performed by qPCR.

Results

The genotype frequencies of rs1800629 variant were: GG (86%) and GA (14%), and for rs2228145 variant were: AA (20%), CA (48%), and CC (32%). The percentage of post-vaccination antibodies was similar between men and women (median, 97.24%). An association was found between the frequency of AEFIs with the sex; being adynamia (P = .0243), chills (P = .0085), arthralgia (P = .0227), and pain in application area (P = .0096) more frequent in women. The GA genotype of rs1800629 variant showed an association with fever (P = .0131) and arthralgia (P = .0058) post-vaccination, but no relationship was found with the production of neutralising antibodies after AZD1222 vaccination. The rs2228145 variant was not associated with the production of antibodies nor with the AEFIs reported.

Conclusion

The genetic variants rs1800629 in TNF and rs222815 in IL6R are not associated with the production of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after receiving AZD1222 scheme in population from western of Mexico; however, the results suggest that rs1800629 variant increases the frequency of post-vaccination events, particularly fever and arthralgia.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It emerged in 2019 and quickly became a global pandemic, resulting in numerous deaths worldwide. Despite the devastating impact of SARS-CoV-2 on human life, it also spurred the development of advanced vaccine platforms. Within a remarkably short time frame, 11 vaccines have been approved for human use, marking a significant historical achievement. These include mRNA, whole inactivated, recombinant protein, and adenoviral vector platforms. Notably, these new-generation vaccine platforms represent a departure from previously utilized methods and form the backbone of SARS-CoV-2 preventive strategies. In order to enhance the efficacy of vaccines, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of their underlying virological and immunological characteristics. The recent emergence of variant strains, particularly the Omicron variant, has raised doubts regarding the effectiveness of current vaccines and emphasized the need for a universal platform for future vaccinations.

This review focuses on discussing various vaccine platforms based on their molecular design, their ability to stimulate the immune system, safety concerns, potential efficacy against viral variants, and prospects for the future.

Cancer is a versatile and common disease that occurs as a result of the uncontrolled growth as well as the spread of abnormal cells in the human body. Its history spans thousands of years, from the first descriptions of ancient civilizations to the advancement of modern science. His research throughout the 20th and 21st centuries revealed the genetic and molecular mechanisms of growth and development. Treatment options are diverse and include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Despite great progress, cancer remains a global health problem. Research is ongoing to further unravel the complexity of this disease to improve early diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and achieve better patient outcomes. This study provides a general definition, diagnosis, treatment, and course of cancer and attempts to determine whether it is beneficial or harmful to humans.

Purpose

Despite positive serological outcome, molecular confirmations have encountered little/no success either due to protocol accuracy, primer targets, or choice of sample amongst others. This study aims at providing an optimized protocol for the molecular detection of Zika virus amongst serologically positive respondent using samples from 2 selected hospitals in North Central Nigeria.

Materials and methods

About five (5) ml of blood samples was collected from a total of 400 participants for serological analysis, the IgM-positive samples were processed for molecular analysis using target primers from Asian and African lineage while a structured questionnaire was used to evaluate risk factors.

Results

Prevalence of 19% (38) and 45% (90) IgM and IgG positivity was recorded amongst respondent in Federal Medical Center (FMC), Keffi (R² = 1) while 36% (72) and 42% (84) was recorded in General Hospital (GH), Minna (R² = 1). The respective risk factors such as proximity of respondent to stagnant water or drainage channel, frequency of mosquito bite, prevention strategy, implementation of the prevention strategies for mosquito, and consumption of bushmeat were significant at set standard of P < 0.05. Molecular quantification revealed cut-off values (Ct) from 21.73 to 25.75 for all the 3 targeted protein while sequence analysis showed relatedness to deposited sequences in GenBank.

Conclusions

The abundance of the viral proteins as well as the genetic relatedness is indicative of presence of multiple strains of the virus or conservation of region across different geolocations. In lieu of the outcome, primers from multiple lineages is thereby recommended to forestall/overcome the challenge of cross-reactivity/false-negativity with Zika virus detection.

Background

There were many studies conducted to determine how immunization affects people with long-term COVID. The results of those studies have caused debate as they gave rise to varying outcomes. Some evidence indicates a change in, an improvement in, a continuation of, or even a worsening of long-term COVID symptoms following vaccination. The ratio of change in antibody titers was noticeably larger in the group of people whose illnesses became worse. Hence, this study aimed to explore potential post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS) in vaccinated individuals and also to assess their quality of life (QoL).

Methodology

Between September 2021 and May 2023, an ambidirectional, descriptive, follow-up cohort study was conducted, enrolling participants who were 18 years of age or older, met the vaccination requirements established by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and had completed the primary immunization series with the AZD1222® or BBV152® vaccine. The prevalence of PCVS and the QoL measured using EQ-5D-5L were assessed at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months post-COVID-19 vaccination.

Results

AZD1222® vaccine was received by 84.28% (343) of the participants, and BBV152® vaccine was received by 15.72% (64) of the study participants. A month after the primary vaccination series, 52.8% (215) of the total participants had at least 1 PCVS, 39.8% (162) at 6 months, and 64.6% (263) at 12 months. Among those who had received vaccinations, the QoL increased at 6 months to 0.975 ± 0.08 and declined at 12 months to 0.94 ± 0.13 from 0.949 ± 0.13 at 1 month after receiving a primary immunization. The overall prevalence of PCVS between AZD1222®-vaccinated individuals and BBV152®-vaccinated individuals at a month post-vaccination was 54.5% vs. 43.8%, at 6 months it was 41.1% vs. 32.8%, and at 12 months it was 65.59% vs. 59.4%. The QoL between AZD1222®-vaccinated individuals and BBV152®-vaccinated individuals at a month post-vaccination was 0.95 ± 0.13 vs. 0.95 ± 0.126, at 6 months it was 0.98 ± 0.08 vs. 0.97 ± 0.07, and at 12 months it was 0.94 ± 0.12 vs. 0.92 ± 0.20. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of PCVS and QoL between AZD1222® and BBV152®-vaccinated individuals.

The percentage of participants who had at least one PCVS was 83.9% (146) in the group that got booster doses and 50.2% (117) in the group that did not. The QoL was 0.9 ± 0.15 in the group receiving booster dosages and 0.96 ± 0.11 in the group not receiving them. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of PCVS and QoL between booster dose recipients and no booster dose recipients.

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