Vacunas (English Edition)最新文献

英文中文

Exploring structural proteins of Nipah, Lassa, and coronaviruses for multi-epitope vaccine design using immuno-informatics and in silico studies 利用免疫信息学和计算机研究探索尼帕病毒、拉沙病毒和冠状病毒的结构蛋白，用于设计多表位疫苗

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500424

Ananya Saji , Sagaya Jansi Rozario , Balamurugan Shanmugaraj , Praveen Kumar Panthagani

Objective

In recent years, public awareness of the risks posed by zoonotic diseases has significantly increased. Nipah virus (NiV) and Coronavirus are known to cause serious respiratory and neurological effects, while Lassa virus is a hemorrhagic virus. The current study employs an immunoinformatics approach to predict antigenic epitopes against NiV, Lassa virus (LASV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) for the development of multi-epitope vaccines (MEV) and to identify the potential drug molecules using molecular docking approaches.

Results

Thirteen Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes for SARS-CoV-2, three for NiV, and three for LASV were selected. Additionally, eight Helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes for NiV, seven for SARS-CoV-2, and five for LASV, all of which demonstrated antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity were identified and included. Molecular docking and subsequent construction of the 3D structure for the best epitopes from each virus revealed stable and strong binding affinities between the MEV and human pathogenic Toll-like receptors (TLRs), specifically TLR3 and TLR8.

Conclusion

This work presents evidence of in silico research on vaccine design and molecular docking against the Nipah, Lassa viruses and SARS-CoV-2 target proteins. It highlights the computational approaches used for drug repurposing and the exploration of natural drug compounds. These findings suggest that the plant-derived or naturally sourced drugs exhibit significant potential in combating viral diseases in humans.

目的近年来，公众对人畜共患疾病风险的认识显著提高。已知尼帕病毒和冠状病毒会引起严重的呼吸道和神经系统影响，而拉沙病毒是一种出血性病毒。本研究采用免疫信息学方法预测针对NiV、拉沙病毒（LASV）和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2 （SARS-CoV-2）的抗原表位，用于开发多表位疫苗（MEV），并利用分子对接方法鉴定潜在的药物分子。结果共筛选出13个SARS-CoV-2细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）表位，3个NiV表位，3个LASV表位。此外，鉴定并纳入了8个NiV、7个SARS-CoV-2和5个LASV的辅助T淋巴细胞（HTL）表位，这些表位均具有抗原性、非过敏原性和无毒性。各病毒最佳表位的分子对接和随后的3D结构构建表明，MEV与人类致病性toll样受体（TLRs），特别是TLR3和TLR8之间具有稳定而强的结合亲和力。结论本研究为针对尼帕病毒、拉沙病毒和SARS-CoV-2靶蛋白的疫苗设计和分子对接提供了计算机化研究证据。它强调了用于药物再利用和天然药物化合物探索的计算方法。这些发现表明，植物来源或天然来源的药物在对抗人类病毒性疾病方面具有巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

An overview of anticancer roles of nanoparticles synthesized by microbes 微生物合成纳米颗粒抗癌作用综述

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500388

A. Hosseingholian , P. Jafari , A. Abedini , H. Jooya , J.D. Gross , M. Beyranvand , A. Samadi , S. Khoshnood

Nanomedicine offers innovative solutions for healthcare, particularly in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Among these, nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by microbes have gained attention for their unique properties and potential applications. This review explores the methods for microbial nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, their physicochemical characteristics, and their role in cancer therapies, such as targeted drug delivery and imaging. By analyzing their advantages, limitations, and biological interactions, we highlight the impact of biologically derived NPs in advancing cancer treatment and discuss their future prospects in nanomedicine.

纳米医学为医疗保健提供了创新的解决方案，特别是在癌症诊断和治疗方面。其中，微生物合成的纳米颗粒因其独特的性能和潜在的应用前景而受到人们的关注。本文综述了微生物纳米颗粒（NP）的合成方法、理化特性及其在肿瘤治疗中的作用，如靶向给药和成像。通过分析它们的优势、局限性和生物相互作用，我们强调了生物来源的NPs在推进癌症治疗方面的影响，并讨论了它们在纳米医学中的未来前景。

引用次数: 0

Vaccination: A promising strategy to combat multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 疫苗接种：对抗多药耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的一个有希望的策略

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500393

Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy 人工智能与COVID-19疫苗犹豫

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.100372

Sara Kamal Shahsavar , Arman Alinezhad , Masoud Keikha

引用次数: 0

Would senior citizens get vaccinated against RSV? Exploratory analysis using a novel survey instrument 老年人会接种呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗吗？一种新型测量仪器的探索性分析

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.100384

Mohammad Abu-Ghosh , Dareen Saleh , Joud Al-Haddad , Leen Sabbah , Raghad Alnusairat , Muna Barakat , Malik Sallam

Objective

To assess the attitude of senior citizens towards the newly approved respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines using a novel survey instrument specifically tailored for this purpose.

Material and methods

Based on a literature review on vaccination attitude towards respiratory viruses (SARS-CoV-2 and influenza), 15 items were tested for content, face, and construct validity. Data collection nvolved face-to-face interviews among individuals aged 50 years or older in Jordan during May–June 2024. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) based on principal component analysis.

Results

A total of 231 respondents formed the final sample. The EFA showed that 5 constructs explained 71.9% of the variance in attitude to RSV vaccination. These constructs were labeled Fear, Information, Accessibility, Benefit, and Conspiracy. The acceptance of a safe and effective RSV vaccine if provided free-of-charge was observed among 55.4% of the participants (n = 128), while 16.0% were hesitant (n = 37), and 28.6% were resistant (n = 66). Applying the 5 RSV vaccine attitude constructs, demographic data, and vaccination history into the multivariate analysis, a higher RSV vaccine acceptance was found among elderly individuals with lower monthly incomes, a history of higher vaccine uptake, agreement with the Benefit construct, and disagreement with the Fear construct.

Conclusions

This study developed an initial survey instrument to assess the attitudes of senior citizens towards the newly approved RSV vaccines. Further testing across diverse settings is necessary to evaluate the barriers and motivators influencing attitude to RSV vaccination. This effort is crucial to reduce the burden of RSV disease among the elderly.

目的采用专门设计的新型调查仪器，了解老年人对新批准的呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）疫苗的态度。材料与方法在查阅有关呼吸道病毒（SARS-CoV-2和流感）疫苗接种态度的文献的基础上，对15个条目进行内容、面效度和结构效度检验。数据收集包括在2024年5月至6月期间对约旦50岁 或以上的个人进行面对面访谈。采用基于主成分分析的探索性因子分析（EFA）评估结构效度。结果最终样本共231人。EFA显示，5个构式解释了对RSV疫苗接种态度差异的71.9%。这些构念被标记为恐惧、信息、可及性、利益和阴谋。55.4%的参与者接受免费提供安全有效的RSV疫苗（n = 128），16.0%的参与者犹豫不决（n = 37），28.6%的参与者耐药（n = 66）。将5种RSV疫苗态度构式、人口统计数据和疫苗接种史纳入多变量分析，发现月收入较低、疫苗接种史较高、符合受益构式、不符合恐惧构式的老年人接受RSV疫苗的程度较高。结论本研究开发了一种初步的调查工具来评估老年人对新批准的RSV疫苗的态度。有必要在不同环境中进行进一步的测试，以评估影响对RSV疫苗接种态度的障碍和动机。这一努力对于减轻老年人呼吸道合胞病毒疾病的负担至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the effect of melatonin on patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU: A double-blind randomized clinical trial 褪黑素对新冠肺炎ICU住院患者疗效的评价：一项双盲随机临床试验

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.100377

Mahmoud Ganjifard , Shokouh Ghafari , Adeleh Sahebnasagh , Mahboubeh Esmaeili , Ali Reza Amirabadizadeh , Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh , Parvin Askari , Razieh Avan

Introduction and objectives

This research aims to examine the efficacy of melatonin as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit.

Methods

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation was conducted on a group of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Individuals were allocated into 2 groups: one group received a combination of 18 mg of melatonin and standard treatment for 14 days; the other group received a placebo in addition to standard treatment. Patients were evaluated at the beginning of the study as well as the 7th and 15th days to analyze changes in clinical symptoms, P/F ratio, and inflammatory markers.

Results

The study included patients with an average age of 57.80 ± 17.96 years, with an equal gender representation. The average length of hospital stay was 19.83 ± 4.45 days. Hypertension and diabetes were commonly observed comorbidities. There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics between the 2 groups (P > .05). Additionally, there were no significant distinctions between the 2 groups in terms of clinical symptom improvement, mortality rate, adverse effects, and various blood markers (P > .05).

Conclusion

Our study's findings suggested that melatonin is unlikely to significantly affect the clinical status of COVID-19 patients.

本研究旨在探讨褪黑素作为辅助治疗剂对重症监护病房COVID-19患者的疗效。方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的方法对1组新冠肺炎住院患者进行调查。个体被分为两组：一组接受18 毫克褪黑激素和14 天的标准治疗；另一组在标准治疗的基础上接受安慰剂治疗。在研究开始时以及第7天和第15天对患者进行评估，以分析临床症状、P/F比率和炎症标志物的变化。结果入组患者平均年龄57.80±17.96 岁，性别平等。平均住院时间为19.83±4.45 d。高血压和糖尿病是常见的合并症。两组患者人口学特征差异无统计学意义(P >；. 05)。此外，两组在临床症状改善、死亡率、不良反应和各种血液标志物方面无显著差异(P >；. 05)。结论本研究结果提示，褪黑素对COVID-19患者的临床状态影响不大。

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引用次数: 0

A narrative review on the white spot syndrome virus and the perspective of vaccine development 白斑综合征病毒研究述评及疫苗发展展望

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.100382

Susithra Priyadarshni Mugunthan , Nivetha Loganathan , Balamurugan Shanmugaraj , Harish Mani Chandra

White spot syndrome (WSS) is a contagious disease caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) affecting the shrimp industry mostly in South Asian countries. In the past decade, the incidence of WSSV infection and its prevalence has been raised drastically influencing massive economic loss in the shrimp culture industry. The key challenges in developing vaccines for aquatic organisms like shrimp include the complexity of their immune systems, the need for cost-effective mass production, and practical delivery methods in large-scale. This review explores the plant-based vaccine development as a possible approach to address these issues. Further, this review aims to present an update on the knowledge of WSSV and to explore the possibility of plant systems for the development of vaccines for aquatic organisms, especially for shrimps. This approach could be advantage for WSSV prophylaxis and contribute to the broader field of aquatic disease management.

白斑综合征（WSS）是由白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）引起的一种传染性疾病，主要影响南亚国家的虾业。近十年来，WSSV感染的发病率和流行率急剧上升，给对虾养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。为虾等水生生物开发疫苗的主要挑战包括其免疫系统的复杂性、需要具有成本效益的大规模生产以及大规模的实际交付方法。这篇综述探讨了植物基疫苗的开发作为解决这些问题的可能途径。此外，本综述旨在介绍WSSV的最新知识，并探讨植物系统开发水生生物（特别是虾）疫苗的可能性。这种方法可能有利于WSSV的预防，并有助于更广泛的水生疾病管理领域。

引用次数: 0

The growing threat of monkeypox and the urgent need for vaccination in Pakistan 猴痘的威胁日益严重，巴基斯坦迫切需要接种疫苗

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.100378

Alisha Saleem , Ashar Masood Khan , Danish Faheem , Bina Fawad

引用次数: 0

The new genetically attenuated vaccines against poliomyelitis virus 抗脊髓灰质炎病毒的新型基因减毒疫苗

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.100381

Jordi Reina , Julia Viana-Ramírez

There are two types of vaccines available against polio virus: the inactivated (Salk, IPV) and the oral/attenuated (Sabin, OPV). Live vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective immunity against certain infections, also favoring the cessation of their epidemic spread. There are three wild serotypes of the polio virus, however currently two of them, serotype 2 and 3, are considered eradicated so that the only one that still circulates in endemic countries is serotype 1. One of the problems of OPV, which cannot occur with IPV, is its possible reversion to the wild form, circulating as vaccinal poliovirus (cOPV) and its transmission to unvaccinated people, giving rise to paralytic processes associated with the vaccine. To avoid this phenomenon, new oral polio vaccines (nOPV-c1) with greater safety and less reversion have been developed by modifying and introducing a series of genetic modifications in the RNA of the virus. Different studies have shown that children who received OPV2-c1 presented a higher degree of attenuation and thermostability and a highly significant decrease in the ability to affect the nervous system and develop severe neurovirulence and possible post-vaccination polio. These studies establish the pathogenic and molecular bases in the most vulnerable child population that allowed the use of this new genetically attenuated vaccine in population vaccination campaigns.

现有两种脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗：灭活疫苗（Salk， IPV）和口服/减毒疫苗（Sabin， OPV）。活疫苗在诱导对某些感染的保护性免疫方面非常有效，也有利于停止其流行传播。脊髓灰质炎病毒有三种野生血清型，但目前认为其中两种，即血清2型和血清3型已被根除，因此在流行国家仍在传播的唯一血清1型病毒。口服脊髓灰质炎的问题之一是，它可能恢复为野生形式，作为疫苗脊髓灰质炎病毒（cOPV）传播，并传播给未接种疫苗的人，导致与疫苗相关的瘫痪过程。为了避免这种现象，通过对病毒RNA进行修改和引入一系列遗传修饰，开发出了安全性更高、逆转程度更低的新型口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（nOPV-c1）。不同的研究表明，接种OPV2-c1的儿童表现出更高程度的衰减和热稳定性，并且影响神经系统和发生严重神经毒力和可能的疫苗接种后脊髓灰质炎的能力显著下降。这些研究确定了最脆弱儿童人群的致病和分子基础，使这种新的基因减毒疫苗能够在人群疫苗接种运动中使用。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring of hepatitis B infection in the elderly population of eastern Iran 伊朗东部老年人群乙型肝炎感染监测

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.100373

Abdol Sattar Pagheh , Effat Alemzadeh , Eisa Nazar , Mitra Moodi , Farshad Sharifi , Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam , Mohamad Taghi Rahimi , Soroush Mohammadi , Masood Ziaee

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV infection and its associated risk factors in the elderly in Birjand.

Materials and methods

The present study was a part of the community-based prospective cohort study. Subjects over 60 years of age were assessed using standard questionnaires and blood factors. The samples were tested for HBsAg by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Of 542 elderly people living in Birjand, 11 cases (2.03%) were positive. The median age of patients with HBsAg positive and negative was 69 (IQR: 63–77) years and 67 (IQR: 63–74) years, respectively. The results of the multiple logistic regression model showed that fatty liver disease was significantly associated with having hepatitis B (AOR (95% CI)=5.50 (1.16, 25.88)) (p < .05). However, there was no significant relationship found between variables age, sex, marital status, years of study, underlying diseases, body mass index, smoking, and blood factors with having hepatitis B (p > .05).

Conclusions

Even though there were only a few positive cases, leading to a non-significant report, it is crucial to emphasize the clinical significance and health and well-being of elderly individuals contracting hepatitis B. This information can be valuable in devising suitable disease management strategies for this age group.

目的调查英国老年人HBV感染的流行情况及其相关危险因素。材料和方法本研究是社区前瞻性队列研究的一部分。60岁以上 岁的受试者使用标准问卷和血液因子进行评估。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测HBsAg。结果542例老年人中，11例（2.03%）呈阳性。HBsAg阳性和阴性患者的中位年龄分别为69 （IQR: 63-77）岁和67 （IQR: 63-74）岁。多元logistic回归模型结果显示，脂肪肝与乙型肝炎显著相关(AOR (95% CI)=5.50 (1.16, 25.88)) (p <；. 05)。然而，年龄、性别、婚姻状况、学习年限、潜在疾病、体重指数、吸烟和血液因素与乙型肝炎之间没有显著关系(p >；. 05)。结论虽然报告的阳性病例较少，但重视老年人乙肝感染的临床意义和健康状况对制定适合该年龄组的疾病管理策略具有重要意义。

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