Vacunas (English Edition)最新文献

英文中文

Development of a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate for Marburg virus applying advanced immunoinformatics strategies: A computational analysis 应用先进免疫信息学策略开发一种新型马尔堡病毒多表位候选疫苗：计算分析

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500461

Md. Nafij Mashrur , M. Nazmul Hoque , Soharth Hasnat , Sakhawat Hossen Saikat , Md. Mehedi Hasan , Faria Khan Hridy , Nurul Amin Rani , Fardous Mohammad Safiul Azam

Objectives

Marburg virus (MbVs), which causes Marburg viral disease (MbVD), primarily manifests flu-like symptoms, but critical hemorrhagic fever appears toward the end. It transmits through direct contact between individuals or animals. While incidences may be rare, the elevated mortality rate of this virus is a significant concern. Currently, there is no vaccine for this lethal virus. Immunization is essential for reducing the mortality rate associated with this disease. We recommend employing immunoinformatics techniques and MbV structural proteins to develop multi-epitope vaccine.

Methods

A multi-epitope vaccine was created using B-cell and T-cell epitopes of MbV, along with adjuvants and specific linkers. The proposed vaccine was assessed for antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and population coverage. Additionally, in silico immune response models were conducted. The vaccine design was further analyzed for expression and cloning viability utilizing the pET-28a(+) vector.

Results

The designed vaccine exhibited antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic properties. It demonstrated excellent global population coverage and induced a robust immune response in silico. Furthermore, the in silico assessments confirmed the effective expression and cloning of the vaccine in E. coli, indicating its feasibility for large-scale manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the proposed vaccine design may effectively elicit immune responses against MbV. Future studies must incorporate in vivo testing to validate these findings.

目的马尔堡病毒（MbVs）引起马尔堡病毒病（MbVD），主要表现为流感样症状，但晚期出现重症出血热。它通过个体或动物之间的直接接触传播。虽然发病率可能很罕见，但这种病毒的高死亡率令人严重关切。目前还没有针对这种致命病毒的疫苗。免疫接种对于降低与该病有关的死亡率至关重要。我们建议利用免疫信息学技术和MbV结构蛋白开发多表位疫苗。方法利用MbV的b细胞和t细胞抗原表位、佐剂和特异性连接体制备多抗原表位疫苗。对该疫苗的抗原性、过敏原性、毒性和人口覆盖率进行了评估。此外，还建立了计算机免疫反应模型。利用pET-28a（+）载体进一步分析疫苗设计的表达和克隆可行性。结果所设计的疫苗具有抗原性、非致敏性和无毒性。它表现出良好的全球人口覆盖率，并在硅片上诱导了强大的免疫反应。此外，计算机评估证实了该疫苗在大肠杆菌中的有效表达和克隆，表明其在制药工业中大规模生产的可行性。结论所设计的疫苗能有效地引起对MbV的免疫应答。未来的研究必须结合体内试验来验证这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

A mathematical model for assessing vaccination's efficacy as a preventative strategy against newly emerging COVID-19 variants 用于评估疫苗接种作为预防新出现的COVID-19变体的有效性的数学模型

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500392

Akeem Olarewaju Yunus, Morufu Oyedunsi Olayiwola

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination in curbing the spread of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants using the SEVIAR mathematical model with Caputo fractional orders. The model integrates vaccine-induced immunity and assesses the impact of vaccination on transmission dynamics while determining herd immunity thresholds.

Method

The SEVIAR model was applied to real-world data from Rivers State, Nigeria, to simulate disease transmission dynamics within vaccinated populations. Fractional calculus was employed to address the complexities of disease spread and the nuanced effects of vaccination. Sensitivity analyses and computer simulations were performed to examine the influence of varying vaccination rates and timing on mitigating variant transmission and reducing hospitalization rates.

Results

The findings demonstrate a strong association between higher vaccination rates and decreased transmission and hospitalization, even amid the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Sensitivity analysis highlighted the critical role of early diagnosis and timely immunization in controlling the spread of variants. Thresholds for achieving herd immunity were identified, underscoring the need for sustained high vaccination coverage to manage variant transmission effectively.

Conclusions

The study underscores the importance of continuous and robust vaccination campaigns, particularly in the context of evolving COVID-19 variants. It highlights the utility of fractional calculus in modeling the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants and optimizing public health responses. For policymakers, these findings provide valuable guidance in formulating strategies to address the challenges posed by emerging virus strains. Given the virus's evolving nature, ongoing evaluation of vaccine efficacy and adaptive public health strategies are essential to controlling the pandemic effectively.

目的利用带有Caputo分数阶的SEVIAR数学模型，评价疫苗接种对抑制新发SARS-CoV-2变异体传播的有效性。该模型整合了疫苗诱导的免疫，并在确定群体免疫阈值的同时评估疫苗接种对传播动力学的影响。方法将SEVIAR模型应用于尼日利亚Rivers State的真实数据，模拟接种疫苗人群中的疾病传播动态。分数微积分被用来解决疾病传播的复杂性和疫苗接种的微妙影响。进行敏感性分析和计算机模拟，以检查不同的疫苗接种率和时间对减轻变异传播和降低住院率的影响。研究结果表明，即使在出现新的SARS-CoV-2变体的情况下，更高的疫苗接种率与减少传播和住院之间存在密切关联。敏感性分析强调了早期诊断和及时免疫在控制变异传播中的关键作用。确定了实现群体免疫的阈值，强调需要持续的高疫苗接种覆盖率，以有效管理变异传播。该研究强调了持续和强有力的疫苗接种运动的重要性，特别是在COVID-19变体不断演变的背景下。它强调了分数阶微积分在SARS-CoV-2变异动力学建模和优化公共卫生应对方面的实用性。对于决策者来说，这些发现为制定应对新出现的病毒毒株带来的挑战的战略提供了有价值的指导。鉴于病毒不断演变的性质，持续评估疫苗效力和适应性公共卫生战略对于有效控制大流行至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Cytokine production and TLR 7/8 gene expression following BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccination BBIBP-CorV - COVID-19疫苗接种后细胞因子产生和TLR 7/8基因表达

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500459

Ali Mohammed Ashraf , Marwan Y. Al-Maqtoofi , Ahmed A. Burghal

Introduction and objective

The impact of inactivated vaccines for COVID-19, BBIBP-CorV COVID-19, on the human immune system was not studied. This study investigates the immune response induced by the BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine.

Method

A total of 90 blood samples (5 ml each) were collected from participants (mean age: 20 years) in Basrah, Iraq. The study included 60 vaccinated individuals (38 males, 22 females), 60 days post-BBIBP-CorV vaccination and 30 unvaccinated controls (15 males, 15 females). Blood was divided: 2 ml in EDTA tubes for TLR7/TLR8 mRNA expression (RT-qPCR) and 3 ml in clotting activator tubes for serum isolation to measure IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21 levels (sandwich ELISA). Data were compared with controls and analysed for statistical differences. Volunteers with flu, COVID-19 symptoms, fever, chronic diseases, or immunocompromised conditions were excluded.

Results

The BBIBP-CorV vaccine did not disrupt cytokine production, with no significant differences in IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21 levels between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups after 60 days (p > 0.05). However, TLR7 and TLR8 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in vaccinated individuals compared to controls, indicating enhanced innate immune activation without affecting cytokine balance. These findings highlight the vaccine's ability to stimulate immunity while maintaining normal cytokine levels.

Conclusions

These results are particularly significant as they demonstrate that the BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine successfully induces immunological responses via TLR7 and TLR8 activation without abnormal effects on cytokine production. As a pilot study, these findings lay a strong foundation for future research.

前言与目的未研究新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）灭活疫苗BBIBP-CorV COVID-19对人体免疫系统的影响。本研究探讨了BBIBP-CorV COVID-19疫苗诱导的免疫应答。方法从伊拉克巴士拉市的参与者（平均年龄：20岁）中采集90份血样（每份5 ml）。该研究包括60名接种疫苗的个体（38名男性，22名女性），接种bbibp - corv疫苗60天后和30名未接种疫苗的对照组（15名男性，15名女性）。分血：EDTA管中2 ml用于TLR7/TLR8 mRNA表达（RT-qPCR），凝血激活剂管中3 ml用于血清分离，检测IL-7、IL-10、IL-12、IL-18和IL-21水平（夹心ELISA）。将数据与对照组进行比较，并分析统计学差异。有流感、COVID-19症状、发烧、慢性疾病或免疫功能低下的志愿者被排除在外。结果BBIBP-CorV疫苗未破坏细胞因子的产生，接种组和未接种组在接种60天后IL-7、IL-10、IL-12、IL-18和IL-21水平无显著差异(p >；0.05)。然而，TLR7和TLR8 mRNA表达显著上调(p <；0.05)，表明先天免疫激活增强，但不影响细胞因子平衡。这些发现强调了疫苗在保持正常细胞因子水平的同时刺激免疫力的能力。结论BBIBP-CorV - COVID-19疫苗通过激活TLR7和TLR8成功诱导免疫应答，且未对细胞因子产生异常影响。作为一项初步研究，这些发现为今后的研究奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

The global threat of human metapneumovirus (HMPV): A call to action amid recent surges in China 人偏肺病毒（HMPV）的全球威胁：在中国最近疫情激增之际呼吁采取行动

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500389

Lysandro Pinto Borges , Lara Góis Floresta , Rajiv Gandhi Gopalsamy , Athesh Kumaraswamy , Bernardo Ferreira Brasileiro , Cleverson Luciano Trento , Lucas Alves da Mota Santana

引用次数: 0

Simulation of a novel approach in measles disease dynamics models to predict the impact of vaccinations on eradication and control 麻疹疾病动力学模型中预测疫苗接种对根除和控制影响的新方法的模拟

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.100385

Akeem Olarewaju Yunus, Morufu Oyedunsi Olayiwola

Introduction

Measles, a highly contagious disease caused by Morbillivirus, poses significant public health risks due to its rapid spread and severe complications. Symptoms, such as fever, rashes, red eyes, and coughing, typically appear 8–12 days post-infection. Given recent resurgences, especially in areas with low vaccination coverage, it is essential to understand measles transmission and assess the role of vaccination awareness in outbreak control.

Method

A mathematical model was developed to examine measles transmission and the influence of vaccination awareness. Stability analysis evaluated the model's behavior, while the basic reproductive number, R₀, was derived using the next-generation matrix approach. Sensitivity analysis assessed how parameter variations impact outbreaks. Numerical simulations, utilizing the iterative Laplace transform and Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative operator, explored solution conditions and stability at various fractional orders.

Results

Simulations showed that vaccination awareness significantly reduces measles transmission. Increased awareness lowered R, decreasing outbreak risk. Fractional orders provided insights into disease persistence, highlighting the importance of behavioral factors in control strategies. Sensitivity analysis identified parameters crucial for targeted interventions.

Conclusion

This study underscores the importance of vaccination awareness in controlling measles, showing that education-based strategies can reduce transmission. By integrating behavioral factors in a fractional calculus framework, this research supports efforts against endemic diseases like measles. The findings suggest that awareness campaigns, alongside vaccination, can alter transmission dynamics, offering a novel approach to enhance control measures. This model provides a basis for further research on behavioral interventions in disease modeling.

麻疹是一种由麻疹病毒引起的高度传染性疾病，由于其传播迅速和严重并发症，对公众健康构成重大威胁。症状，如发烧、皮疹、红眼和咳嗽，通常在感染后8-12 天出现。鉴于最近麻疹再次出现，特别是在疫苗接种覆盖率低的地区，了解麻疹传播并评估疫苗接种意识在疫情控制中的作用至关重要。方法建立数学模型，考察麻疹传播和疫苗接种意识的影响。稳定性分析评估了模型的行为，而基本繁殖数R0则使用下一代矩阵方法推导。敏感性分析评估了参数变化如何影响疫情。利用迭代拉普拉斯变换和Atangana-Baleanu分数阶导数算子进行数值模拟，探讨了不同分数阶下的解条件和稳定性。结果模拟结果显示，疫苗接种意识显著降低麻疹传播。提高意识，降低R，降低爆发风险。分数顺序提供了对疾病持续性的见解，突出了行为因素在控制策略中的重要性。敏感性分析确定了有针对性干预措施的关键参数。结论本研究强调了疫苗接种意识在控制麻疹中的重要性，表明以教育为基础的策略可以减少传播。通过在分数阶微积分框架中整合行为因素，这项研究支持了针对麻疹等地方病的努力。这些发现表明，提高认识运动和疫苗接种可以改变传播动态，为加强控制措施提供了一种新方法。该模型为进一步研究疾病建模中的行为干预提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type b outside the routine vaccination schedule 常规疫苗接种计划之外的b型流感嗜血杆菌免疫接种

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500425

Guillermo Mena , Eva Calderón , Marta Aldea , Susana Otero-Romero

The epidemiology of the invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae has changed drastically since the introduction of vaccines in the routine vaccination schedule. In high-income countries, Haemophilus influenzae infection has gone from being a disease predominantly occurring in children and due to serotype b, to being a disease more frequent in adults and caused mainly by non-typeable strains. Therefore, it is important to take into account adult vaccination risk factors such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, functional or surgical asplenia, or certain innate or acquired immune deficits. In addition to these established factors, this document reviews the aspects to be taken into account by the physician, such as the degree of functional hypoesplenia, the type of affectation of the complement pathway or the affectation of the immunity of the individual caused by monoclonal gammopathies.

自从在常规疫苗接种计划中引入疫苗以来，由流感嗜血杆菌引起的侵袭性疾病的流行病学发生了巨大变化。在高收入国家，流感嗜血杆菌感染已从一种主要发生于儿童的疾病（由于血清型b），转变为一种更常见于成人的疾病，主要由不可分型菌株引起。因此，重要的是要考虑成人接种疫苗的危险因素，如造血干细胞移植，功能性或手术性脾功能减退，或某些先天或获得性免疫缺陷。除了这些已确定的因素外，本文还回顾了医生应考虑的方面，如功能性脾功能减退的程度、补体途径的影响类型或单克隆γ病引起的个体免疫的影响。

引用次数: 0

Recent update on multi-epitope vaccine development for treating breast cancer 治疗乳腺癌的多表位疫苗的最新进展

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500390

Z. Nafiah , A. Atha , A.I. Rizkita , N.S.O. Ujiantari , A. Hermawan

Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, owing to genetic mutations and various nongenetic factors. Traditional treatments often induce severe side effects and recurrence risk. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative, offering prolonged survival and improved quality of life. Multi-epitope vaccines have shown promise by inducing strong immune responses through multiple epitopes, targeting various tumor antigens, and minimizing adverse effects. Advancements in genomic and proteomic technologies have enabled the identification of key antigens for targeted vaccine design. Immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology have improved epitope mapping, allowing the selection of epitopes that prompt robust immune responses. Synthetic peptide vaccines combining multiple antigens, along with potent adjuvants, have demonstrated enhanced immunogenicity and stronger antitumor responses. This review provides an overview of the development of the multi-epitope vaccine for treating BC, identifying over 18 studies from 2019 to 2024: 9 are in the in silico design stage, 4 in preclinical testing, 2 in phase I clinical trials, and 3 in phase II clinical trials. These studies evaluated 28 immunogenic target antigens, showing promising results in efficacy and safety. Continued research and collaboration will accelerate the development of effective cancer immunotherapies.

由于基因突变和各种非遗传因素，乳腺癌（BC）仍然是癌症相关发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。传统的治疗方法往往会导致严重的副作用和复发风险。最近，免疫疗法已经成为一种很有前途的替代疗法，可以延长生存时间，提高生活质量。多表位疫苗通过多个表位诱导强烈的免疫反应，靶向各种肿瘤抗原，并将不良反应降至最低，已显示出前景。基因组学和蛋白质组学技术的进步使得能够确定用于靶向疫苗设计的关键抗原。免疫信息学和反向疫苗学改进了表位定位，允许选择表位，促进强大的免疫反应。结合多种抗原和强效佐剂的合成肽疫苗已显示出增强的免疫原性和更强的抗肿瘤反应。本综述概述了用于治疗BC的多表位疫苗的发展，确定了2019年至2024年期间超过18项研究：9项处于计算机设计阶段，4项处于临床前测试阶段，2项处于I期临床试验阶段，3项处于II期临床试验阶段。这些研究评估了28种免疫原性靶抗原，显示出有希望的疗效和安全性。持续的研究和合作将加速有效的癌症免疫疗法的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Bibliometric analysis of circular RNA cancer vaccines and their emerging impact 环状RNA癌症疫苗的文献计量学分析及其新出现的影响

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500391

Uddalak Das , Soupayan Banerjee , Meghna Sarkar

Circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines are emerging as a revolutionary strategy in cancer immunotherapy, offering novel mechanisms for inducing robust and durable immune responses. Unlike traditional linear mRNA vaccines, circRNAs exhibit exceptional stability, enhanced translational efficiency, and resistance to exonuclease degradation, making them ideal candidates for vaccine development. Recent studies have shown that circRNA vaccines play an important and specialized role in cancer treatment. However, there are currently no relevant bibliometric studies. This study aimed to apply bibliometrics and scientometrics to summarize the knowledge structure and research hotspots regarding the role of circRNA vaccines in cancer. Publications related to circRNA vaccines in cancer were searched on the Scopus database. VOSviewer and Scopus were used to conduct the analyses. This study summarizes the research trends and development of circRNA vaccines for cancer and also a comparative analysis between mRNA cancer vaccine and circRNA cancer vaccine identifying potential areas of focus, innovation and growth. This information will provide a reference for researchers to studying circRNA vaccines against cancer due to its increasing trends over recent times.

环状RNA （circRNA）疫苗正在成为癌症免疫治疗中的一种革命性策略，为诱导强大和持久的免疫反应提供了新机制。与传统的线性mRNA疫苗不同，circRNAs表现出卓越的稳定性、更高的翻译效率和对外切酶降解的抗性，使其成为疫苗开发的理想候选者。最近的研究表明，circRNA疫苗在癌症治疗中发挥着重要和特殊的作用。然而，目前还没有相关的文献计量学研究。本研究旨在运用文献计量学和科学计量学方法，总结circRNA疫苗在癌症中的作用的知识结构和研究热点。在Scopus数据库中检索了与circRNA疫苗在癌症中的应用相关的出版物。使用VOSviewer和Scopus进行分析。本研究总结了circRNA癌症疫苗的研究趋势和发展，并对mRNA癌症疫苗和circRNA癌症疫苗进行了比较分析，确定了潜在的重点、创新和增长领域。这一信息将为研究人员研究circRNA抗癌疫苗提供参考，因为circRNA疫苗近年来呈上升趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Aging and the challenges of vaccination 老龄化和疫苗接种的挑战

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.100383

Ava Ghezel , Masoud Keikha , Chista Sarira Arfaee

引用次数: 0

Shaping health behavior and social connectedness during COVID-19 through media adaptation strategies in Indonesia 在印度尼西亚通过媒体适应战略塑造COVID-19期间的健康行为和社会联系

Vacunas (English Edition)

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2025.500387

Muhammad Saud , Irfan Wahyudi

Background

The role of media is not only to give information about social matters but it also has a significant role in educating health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Purpose

The present study investigated how media networks in Indonesia responded to the COVID-19 by providing adaptation strategies to prevent its effects. The current research aims were not only to foster awareness of health issues but also to analyze the role of media in changing public behavior and health concerns.

Methods

The study employs a qualitative research design and interviews were conducted with the general public, including those who were infected with COVID-19, students, and staff working in hospitals, educational institutions, and public service departments. The interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis.

Results

The study's findings reveal that the participants of the study adopted multiple adaptation strategies for the prevention of COVID-19 that have been introduced, including media accessibility for updates, online media engagement for social connectedness, highlighting public health issues, developing trust among communities, and providing social support through media.

Conclusion

The pandemic has brought certain changes in the living patterns of people in Indonesia, and the media has played a greater role by fostering public health information. Furthermore, there has been a significant increase in the usage of media communication channels to disseminate information about the virus and to provide guidance on how the spread can be prevented. The study concludes that media has expectedly contributed to shaping public behavior.

背景媒体的作用不仅是提供有关社会问题的信息，而且在印度尼西亚COVID-19大流行期间，它在教育卫生问题方面也发挥着重要作用。目的本研究调查了印度尼西亚媒体网络如何通过提供适应策略来预防COVID-19的影响。目前的研究目的不仅是提高对健康问题的认识，而且还分析媒体在改变公众行为和健康问题方面的作用。方法采用质性研究设计，对新冠病毒感染者、学生、医院、教育机构、公共服务部门工作人员等社会公众进行访谈。通过专题分析对访谈进行分析。研究结果显示，研究参与者采用了多种已引入的预防COVID-19的适应策略，包括媒体可访问性更新，在线媒体参与社会联系，突出公共卫生问题，建立社区之间的信任以及通过媒体提供社会支持。结论疫情给印尼人民的生活方式带来了一定的变化，媒体在促进公共卫生信息方面发挥了更大的作用。此外，大大增加了媒体传播渠道的使用，传播有关该病毒的信息，并就如何预防该病毒的传播提供指导。该研究得出结论，媒体在塑造公众行为方面起到了预期的作用。

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