Vacunas (English Edition)最新文献

Purpose

Brucellosis infection could be eradicated by using an effective vaccine. Inf C gene expression generates one of the main Brucella pathogenesis proteins. The purpose of this study was to design a new vaccine against Brucella disease by in silico determination of epitopes of inf C protein.

Methods

In the first, Inf C amino acid sequences were extracted from the UniProt database and subjected to in silico analysis, including multiple sequence alignment, conserved region determination, allergenicity, antigenicity, and toxicity of the selected epitopes for TCL, HTL, and BCl. Vaccine-target (MHC alleles and TLRs) interactions, binding affinities, and dynamical stabilities were inspected through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation (MD) using Cluspro 2 server and GROMACS packages respectively. Further, the codon adaptation of the designed vaccine was determined by the JCat server and the obtained sequence was cloned in pET19b(+)vector by pDRAW32 software. Finally, the ability of the newer vaccine to stimulate the immune response was assessed using a computational immune simulation.

Results

Results allowed us to select a peptide vaccine on basis of its good binding affinities with TLR-8 allele. The multi-peptide vaccine showed also to be highly antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and potential expression in E coli. Results showed also good stability of the vaccine–TLR8 complex and strong cellular and humoral immune response after three in silico injections of the vaccine construct.

Conclusion

All these theoretical results reveal that the conserved region of inf C protein could be used for designing of a new potent vaccine against Brucella.

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), is a member of the Coronaviridae family. The benefits of the primary COVID-19 vaccination far outweigh the risks. Nevertheless, the risks associated with too early and too frequent boosters should be considered, especially when vaccines have immune-mediated effects like myocarditis, which is more commonly associated with the second dose of some mRNA vaccines. Booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 are needed because of either reduced immunity to the original vaccine or evolved viruses producing immunity to the initial vaccine antigens. So, the aim of this study was to detect the difference in neutralizing anti-RBD antibodies between the third and second doses of COVID-19 vaccines. A study was performed among 29 eligible participants in Birjand (Iran). Blood samples were taken from all participants 2–4 weeks after the third dose. In the next step, humoral responses were assessed with a kit detecting neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. SPSS software version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used to analyze the data. The mean age of cases was 35.62 ± 8.72 years, with a range of 21–53 years. The obtained results showed that all vaccines significantly had a higher efficacy in the third dose than the second. Participants who received Vaxzevria in the second dose and PastoCovac Plus in the third dose had more immunogenicity. According to the results of this study, a third dose of the vaccine should be given to persons aged ≥ 20 years to provide an increased level of protection against COVID-19. Especially, participants who received Sputnik-V and Vaxzevria in the second dose and PastoCovac Plus in the third dose showed a more effective immune response against the virus.

In 2019, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide and posed a global threat. The co-infection among COVID-19 patients was reported variable in different studies. However, it could reach 50% of non-survivor patients. Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila are responsible for respiratory infections and also can act as co-pathogens with COVID-19, making their detection challenging. These bacteria exhibit similar clinical signs to COVID-19, leading to potential oversight. Furthermore, treating these bacteria requires a different antibiotic regimen compared to typical respiratory bacterial agents. Thus, recognizing the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and outcomes of co-infections is crucial for improving understanding and treatment strategies.

Introduction

The present review focuses on innate–adaptative immune stimulation by COVID-19 vaccines, especially by mRNA-iLNP vaccines. It describes iLNP and nucleoside-modified mRNA technologies, reverse transcription, inflammatory signals linked to reactogenicity, including vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated vascular cross-talk, induced by systemic and spike protein, which mimic COVID-persistent. Finally, the connection between the manifestation of severe forms of adverse reactions to vaccination and molecular mimicry, the production of particular autoantibodies and the role of certain vaccine adjuvants are discussed in detail.

Objectives

To identify articles that publish information on the adverse effects produced after the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in order to demonstrate their therapeutic potential in the treatment–prevention of disease; as well as to demonstrate the association of causality and temporal ocurrence.

Methodology

Systematic review of the scientific literature published between July 2021 and July 2023, which analyses all reports of inflammatory signatures of serious adverse effects caused by COVID-19 vaccines.

Results

The systematic review identified 2033 records which, after a screening process according to the inclusion criteria and the elimination of duplicated papers, work with methodological problems and work without open access, were reduced to 58 articles, of which 50 articles are human models and 2 are cellular models.

Conclusion

The results of this systematic review reveal the causal and temporal association of the various serious adverse events following administration of COVID-19 vaccines and the “peak effect” of COVID-19 vaccines is recognised.

Background

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019, with its well-known consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality, has triggered an intense mobilization of the scientific community in the search for knowledge about the SARS-Cov2 virus and the development of a vaccine.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and intentions of the resident Cape Verdean population regarding the COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study involving 1704 resident Cape Verdeans, whose ages ranged from 16 to 60 years old and the majority of participants were male (52.6%). The data was collected using the Google form platform between March 9 and 15, 2021.

Results

The data indicated that the majority of participants (95.8%) knew of at least one approved vaccine against COVID-19, and this knowledge (74.9%) was obtained from television, radio, and newspapers. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was the best known (54.1%) among the study subjects and the majority of respondents (69.7%) had enough information to consciously decide whether or not to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The majority (68.0%) of participants were in favor of the COVID-19 vaccine being administered to all interested people. About 59% of participants considered the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe and 49.6% of participants intended to get vaccinated when the time came. The greatest vaccine hesitancy was related to fear of side effects (21.4%), followed by the fact that it was developed too quickly (12.8%). Health professionals were seen as the priority group (81.5%) to be vaccinated.

Conclusions

The results show that the Cape Verdean population had a good level of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine. Despite initial hesitation, the vast majority of participants were willing to get vaccinated. These data suggest that awareness-raising, education, and information campaigns about the COVID-19 vaccine should be strengthened to reduce hesitation and increase confidence and adherence to the COVID-19 vaccine among Cape Verdean residents.

Introduction

The incidence of Bordetella pertussis infections in the Nineveh is affected by living conditions and the density of the population in specific geographic regions.

Aim

This study amid to assess the monitoring pertussis in Nineveh between 2017 and 2021.

Methods

This work focused on how MgSO4 impacts the activity of ptxP1 and ptxP3 genes in B. pertussis strains.

Results

Mosul, Al-Baaj, and Sinjar recorded higher rates of infection compared to other regions due to population density. The expression BfrD, ptxE, ptxD, ptxB, ptxA, and ptxC was exhibited elevation when exposed to MgSO4 of 0 and 5 mM conc. On the other hand, WbpT, VipC, and KpsM showed high expression at a concentration of 50 mM of MgSO4. Pgm demonstrated elevated expression across all concentrations of MgSO4 for the ptxP1 strain, while maintaining consistently low expression for the ptxP3 strain. The potential of Pgm as a distinct marker, effectively distinguishing between the 2 strains of B. pertussis. This approach will allow for a more detailed exploration of the variations between bacterial strains regarding their genetic responses to MgSO4 concentrations.

Conclusions

Data analysis of microarray was indicated that ptxP3 strains are less affected by the inhibitory effects of sulfate root on undesirable gene expression. This investigation may lead for further studies into the role of sulfite root in pertussis's pathogenicity.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the neoplasms with higher mortality, causing around 700 000 deaths worldwide. Despite efforts in GC research, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and conventional surgery have not been sufficiently effective. Immunotherapy has been proposed as an alternative, and the most recent guidelines recommend its use as a third-line treatment for advanced GC. In this context, the development of an mRNA vaccine to control GC is presented as a promising alternative, either to stimulate an immune response against tumor cells or as a therapeutic option to restore the immune system and reduce mortality from GC. Although there is still a long way to go, technological advances and ongoing research bring us closer to the development of an mRNA vaccine for GC that can be administered in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in huge morbidity and mortality since its onset in 2019. By June 24, 2023, only 32.2% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose. This paper explores the perceptions and trust of vaccine refusers based on the thematic analysis.

Methods

In this study, we used a descriptive qualitative research design to explore the perceptions of the persons who did not believe in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine in Iraqi Kurdistan. This approach allowed us to explore the COVID-19 vaccine issue in-depth. Individual interviews were conducted with 14 participants in Kurdistan, Iraq.

Results

Results showed that the participants had a great fear of the serious side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Some believed that the virus was not natural and had been made by humans for different reasons including making profits from vaccines. Some believed that there was a silver material inside the vaccine that would force people to receive more doses in the future. Few believed that receiving COVID-19 vaccines was crossing the borders of God. Reinfection was a factor in selling more doses of vaccines. The participants were affected by the advice of the community and social media and not receiving the COVID-19 vaccines from healthcare workers, lack of responsibility from the government and companies, and not having trust in vaccines in this region.

Conclusions

Conspiracy thinking, perceived negative effects, fear, reinfection, side effects of COVID-19 vaccines could be related to perceived vulnerability and seriousness among vaccine refusers.

Introduction

The objective of the article is to describe the main results of pertussis surveillance in Catalonia and to evaluate its evolution in recent years.

Material and methods

According to the case definition in Catalonia, suspicious and confirmed cases notified to the Obligatory Disease Declaration System (MDO) for the period 2011–2018 have been included, after the validation of the notification made by health professionals to this system has been completed.

Results

In 2011, a re-emergence of whooping cough was observed in Catalonia which remained during the study period (2011–2018), although since 2016 a decrease in incidence has been observed. The highest rate for the period was that of 2015, which reached the value of 49.2 per 100 000 inhabitants. Children under 1 year showed the highest incidence rates, but decreased over the period.

The recommendation to vaccinate against pertussis pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy, that started in 2014, has impacted on the incidence in children under the age of 1 and especially in children under 2 months, which has decreased significantly. The high percentage of cases in children between 5 and 18 years with 4–5 doses of vaccine shows the lower effectiveness of the acellular vaccine versus the whole cell vaccine.

Conclusions

Control of whooping cough is currently a challenge that public health surveillance services have to face.

Introducción

el objectivo de este articulo consiste en describir los principales resultados de la vigilancia de la tos ferina en Cataluña y valorar su evolución en los últimos años.

Material y métodos

en este estudio se han incluído los casos sospechosos y los casos confirmados al sistema de Enfermedades de Declaració Obligatoria (EDO) en el periodo 2011–2018, de acuerdo a la definición de caso vigente en Cataluña, una vez validada la notificación realizada por los profesionales sanitarios a este sistema.

Resultados

el año 2011 en Cataluña se observó una reemergencia de la tos ferina que se ha mantenido a lo largo del periodo de estudio (2011–2018), aunque desde 2016 se ha observado una disminución de la incidencia. La tasa más alta del periodo fue la del año 2015, que registró una tasa de 49,2 por 100.000 habitantes.

Los menores de 1 año presentaron las tasas de incidencia más elevadas, pero disminuyeron en los últimos años del periodo. La recomendación de vacunar de tos ferina a las mujeres embarazadas en el tercer trimestre de la gestación a partir del año 2014 ha impactado en la incidencia en los menores de 1 año y sobretodo en los menores de 2 meses, que ha disminuído de manera significativa. El alto porcentaje de casos en ninos entre 5–18 años con 4–5 dosis de vacuna pone de manifiesto la menor efectividad de la vacuna acelular versus la vacuna de células enteras.