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Simultaneous assessment and validation of reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for quercetin, eugenol, myristicin, and safrole from nutmeg, fruit and mace 反相高效液相色谱法测定肉豆蔻、水果和豆蔻中槲皮素、丁香酚、肉豆蔻素和黄樟素的同时评价和验证
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108797
D. Nagore, V. Kuber, P. Patil, T. Deshmukh
Background: Nutmeg is the imperative spices having pharmacological importance. Objectives: The objective of this work was to standardize Nutmeg extract by RP-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Settings and Design: An RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous quantification of quercetin (QUE), eugenol (EUG), myristicin (MYRS), and safrole (SAFR) from nutmeg fruit and mace extracts. Materials and Methods: RP-HPLC method was performed with Waters 2695 Alliance system using a 2996 photodiode array detector (PDA). QUE, EUG, MYRS, and SAFR were separated on a reverse-phase 250 × 4.6 mm, 5-m, Zorbax SB C18 column (Agilent). The mobile phase was prepared from 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water of pH 2.5 (solvent-A) and acetonitrile (solvent-B). The gradient program was selected for separation. The PDA was set at 220 nm, which shows maximum response for all peaks. Statistical Analysis: Percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) and correlation coefficient (r 2 ) were calculated by standard formulas. Results: QUE, EUG, MYRS, and SAFR were satisfactorily resolved with retention time about 3, 7, 19 and 21 min. respectively. The method was validated and results obtained showed accepted values for correlation of coefficient and % RSD. Conclusions: The method was accurate and specific for analysis of nutmeg extract.
背景:肉豆蔻是具有重要药理作用的重要香料。目的:采用反相高效液相色谱法对肉豆蔻提取物进行标准化分析。设置与设计:建立了同时定量测定肉豆蔻和肉豆蔻提取物中槲皮素(QUE)、丁香酚(EUG)、肉豆蔻素(MYRS)和黄樟酚(SAFR)含量的反相高效液相色谱法。材料与方法:采用Waters 2695 Alliance体系,2996光电二极管阵列检测器(PDA)进行反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)检测。QUE, EUG, MYRS和SAFR在反相250 × 4.6 mm, 5-m, Zorbax SB C18色谱柱(Agilent)上分离。流动相为0.1%正磷酸,水溶液pH为2.5(溶剂a),乙腈(溶剂b)。选择梯度程序进行分离。PDA设置在220 nm处,所有峰均显示最大响应。统计分析:采用标准公式计算相对标准偏差百分比(% RSD)和相关系数(r2)。结果:QUE、EUG、MYRS、SAFR均获得满意的溶解,滞留时间分别为3、7、19、21 min。对方法进行了验证,得到的相关系数和% RSD均符合可接受的值。结论:该方法准确、专属性好,可用于肉豆蔻提取物的分析。
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引用次数: 10
Comparison of Cronobacter sakazakii from Agra region grown in biofilms, agar surface associated and planktonic mode by proteomic analysis 阿格拉地区阪崎克罗诺杆菌在生物膜、琼脂表面相关和浮游模式下生长的蛋白质组学比较
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108804
G. Sharma, A. Prakash
Context: Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging food borne pathogen that causes severe meningitis, meningoencephalitis, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants, with a high fatality rate. Aims: The present paper is for the rapid detection of C. sakazakii from milk and milk products of Agra region via PCR method and comparison of C. sakazakii in biofilm, on agar surface and planktonic cells by proteomic analysis. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 55 samples of milk and milk products of the Agra region were analyzed. 200 isolates were obtained of which 11 were biochemically detected as C. sakazakii . The PCR targeting the ompA gene was used to amplify a 496 bp DNA segment unique to C. sakazakii , in order to confirm C. sakazakii isolates. The proteome was investigated to study the differential protein pattern expressed by biofilm, agar surface-associated and planktonic bacteria employing SDS-PAGE. Statistical Analysis: UN-SCAN-6.1 gel analysis software. Results: The primer pair ESSF and ESSR was successfully used to amplify a 469 bp DNA unique to C. sakazakii . Whole cell protein profiles of planktonic, biofilm and agar surface associated were characteristic. Conclusion: The cultural procedure for detection of C. sakazakii is laborious, taking up to 7 days for completion, whereas PCR combined with enrichment culturing can detect C. sakazakii in about 12 hours and thus has the potential to be used as a rapid tool for detecting its presence. Differential protein pattern of C. sakazakii cultivated in biofilm versus agar-surface-associated and planktonic cells were observed. Further understanding the role of specific proteins during the biofilm development should permit a better understanding of the mechanisms sustaining the proliferation and the resistance of bacteria on biotic surfaces.
背景:阪崎克罗诺杆菌是一种新兴的食源性病原体,可引起新生儿和婴儿严重的脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎、败血症和坏死性小肠结肠炎,死亡率高。目的:采用PCR方法快速检测阿格拉地区牛奶及乳制品中的阪崎弧菌,并对生物膜、琼脂表面和浮游细胞中的阪崎弧菌进行蛋白质组学分析比较。材料与方法:对阿格拉地区55份牛奶及乳制品样品进行分析。分离得到200株,其中11株经生化检测为阪崎菌。利用定位于ompA基因的PCR扩增出一段496 bp的阪崎梭菌特有DNA片段,以证实阪崎梭菌的分离。利用SDS-PAGE技术对生物膜菌、琼脂表面相关菌和浮游菌的蛋白质表达进行了研究。统计分析:UN-SCAN-6.1凝胶分析软件。结果:利用引物ESSF和ESSR成功扩增出阪崎木特有的469 bp DNA。浮游生物、生物膜和琼脂表面的全细胞蛋白谱具有一定的特征。结论:阪崎弧菌的培养检测过程繁琐,需要7天才能完成,而PCR与富集培养相结合,可以在12小时左右检测出阪崎弧菌,因此有潜力作为一种快速检测阪崎弧菌存在的工具。观察了坂崎菌在生物膜中培养与琼脂表面相关细胞和浮游细胞培养的差异蛋白模式。进一步了解特定蛋白质在生物膜发育过程中的作用,将有助于更好地理解维持生物表面细菌增殖和抗性的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Colesevelam: A novel drug for comorbid diabetes and dyslipidemia colesevilam:一种治疗合并糖尿病和血脂异常的新药
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.103102
A. Dixit, P. Pandey
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引用次数: 0
Congenital maxillary double lip 先天性上颌双唇
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.103101
D. Chauhan, Y. Guruprasad
Double lip, also referred to as macrocheilia, is a rare anomaly which affects the upper lip more commonly than the lower lip. It consists of a fold of excess or redundant hypertrophic tissue on the mucosal side of the lip. The congenital double lip is believed to be present at birth and becomes more prominent after eruption of teeth. It affects esthetics and also interferes with speech and mastication. Simple surgical excision produces good functional and cosmetic results. We report a case of a non-syndromic congenital maxillary double lip in a 21-year-old male patient.
双唇,也被称为大唇畸形,是一种罕见的异常,影响上唇比影响下唇更常见。它由嘴唇粘膜一侧的一层多余或多余的肥厚组织组成。人们认为先天性双唇在出生时就存在,在出牙后变得更加突出。它会影响审美,也会干扰说话和咀嚼。简单的手术切除产生良好的功能和美容效果。我们报告一例非综合征的先天性上颌双唇在一个21岁的男性患者。
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引用次数: 1
Sensitive spectroscopic method for content analysis of cefixime in solid dosage form using hydrotropy phenomenon 盐酸头孢克肟固体剂型中盐酸头孢克肟含量的敏感光谱分析方法
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.103099
Ethiraj Thiruvengadam, R. Ramadoss, M. Amudha
Aim: The main aim of this present investigation is to apply the hydrotropic solubilization phenomenon for spectroscopic analysis of poorly water-soluble drugs to avoid the use organic solvents which may be costlier, toxic to environment, volatile, and pollutant. Materials and Methods: A simple ultra violet spectroscopic method was used for the content analysis by diluting the drug cefixime with various hydrotropic agents. In this study, 20% solutions of sodium salicylate (SS), sodium citrate (SC), sodium acetate (SA), and sodium benzoate (SB) were used as hydrotropes for the analysis of cefixime. Results and Discussion: The drug cefixime showed the linearity of 0.5-2 μg/mL in SS, 5-30 μg/mL in SC, 5-50 μg/mL in SA, and 0.05-0.30 μg/mL in SB solution. Then the proposed methods were validated with respect to accuracy and precision as per International Conference of Harmonization guidelines Q2 (R1), November 2005 (Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology). The drug showed less limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values (LOD = 0.0225471 μg/mL and LOQ 0.0683246 μg/mL) to SB solution and it obeyed the Beer's law at very low concentration range (0.05-0.30 μg/mL) which proved that the drug has high sensitivity with SB solution. Conclusions: Finally, it was concluded that the all proposed methods were simple, cost-effective, safe to environment, rapid, reproducible, and highly sensitive with SB solution.
目的:利用亲水增溶现象对水溶性较差的药物进行光谱分析,避免使用昂贵、对环境有毒性、易挥发和污染的有机溶剂。材料与方法:采用紫外分光光度法,用各种亲水剂稀释头孢克肟进行含量分析。本研究采用20%水杨酸钠(SS)、柠檬酸钠(SC)、乙酸钠(SA)和苯甲酸钠(SB)溶液作为头孢克肟的水相分析。结果与讨论:头孢克肟在SS溶液中浓度为0.5 ~ 2 μg/mL, SC溶液中浓度为5 ~ 30 μg/mL, SA溶液中浓度为5 ~ 50 μg/mL, SB溶液中浓度为0.05 ~ 0.30 μg/mL呈线性关系。然后根据2005年11月国际统一会议指南Q2 (R1)(分析方法的验证:文本和方法)对所提出的方法的准确性和精密度进行验证。该药物对SB溶液的检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)值均较低(LOD = 0.0225471 μg/mL和LOQ = 0.0683246 μg/mL),且在极低浓度范围(0.05 ~ 0.30 μg/mL)符合Beer定律,证明该药物对SB溶液具有较高的敏感性。结论:所有方法简便、成本低、对环境安全、快速、重现性好、对SB溶液灵敏度高。
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引用次数: 5
Herpes virus: A key missing piece of the periodontopathogenic jigsaw puzzle 疱疹病毒:牙周病拼图中缺失的关键一环
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.103090
B. Pawar, Avneesh Tejnani, P. Marawar, A. Mani
A solid understanding of the etiology of periodontitis is critical for developing therapies that can ensure long-lasting disease control. Research during the past 15 years has implied that herpes viruses are involved in the etiopathogeny of destructive periodontal disease. Because of the high copy counts of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in aggressive and chronic periodontitis, it is unlikely that these pathogenic viruses are acting merely as innocuous bystanders present in proportion to the severity of the underlying periodontal pathosis. However, herpes viruses are probably not stand-alone periodontopathic agents but cooperate with specific bacteria in periodontal tissue breakdown. A coinfection of active herpes viruses and periodontopathic bacteria may constitute a major cause of periodontitis and explain a number of the clinical characteristics of the disease. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the evidence supporting the hypothesis that viral infection plays a role in the development of periodontitis.
对牙周炎病因的深入了解对于开发能够确保疾病长期控制的治疗方法至关重要。过去15年的研究表明,疱疹病毒参与了破坏性牙周病的发病机制。由于eb病毒和巨细胞病毒在侵袭性和慢性牙周炎中的高拷贝数,这些致病性病毒不太可能仅仅作为无害的旁观者存在,与潜在牙周病的严重程度成比例。然而,疱疹病毒可能不是单独的牙周病病原体,而是与牙周组织破坏的特定细菌合作。活动性疱疹病毒和牙周病细菌的共同感染可能构成牙周炎的主要原因,并解释了该疾病的一些临床特征。本综述的目的是评估支持病毒感染在牙周炎发展中起作用的假设的证据。
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引用次数: 4
RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of propranolol hydrochloride and flunarizine dihydrochloride in their combined dosage formulation 盐酸心得洛尔与盐酸氟桂利嗪联合剂型中含量的反相高效液相色谱法测定
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.103094
B. Patel, A. K. Doshi, C. Patel
Aim: A simple, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method with UV-Visible detector has been developed and subsequently validated for the simultaneous determination of propranolol hydrochloride (PRP) and flunarizine dihydrochloride (FLU) in their combined dosage formulation. Materials and Methods: The separation was based on the use of a Kromasil C8 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 70 volumes of methanol and 30 volumes of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.8). The separation was carried out at 40°C temperature with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/ min. Result and Conclusion: Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 242 nm, with linear calibration curves at concentration ranges of 32-72 μg/ml for PRP and 8-18 μg/ml for FLU. The recoveries obtained were 98.97-101.10% and 98.86-102.27% for PRP and FLU, respectively. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, limits of detection, limit of quantitation, and system suitability of analytical method validation.
目的:建立一种简便、精确、准确的紫外可见检测器反相高效液相色谱法,用于同时测定盐酸心得洛尔(PRP)和盐酸氟桂利嗪(FLU)联合剂型中的含量。材料和方法:采用Kromasil C8色谱柱(150 × 4.6 mm, id, 5 μm)进行分离。流动相由70体积甲醇和30体积10 mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 3.8)的混合物组成。结果与结论:采用242 nm紫外检测,在浓度范围为32 ~ 72 μg/ml和8 ~ 18 μg/ml的范围内建立了线性校准曲线。PRP和FLU的加样回收率分别为98.97 ~ 101.10%和98.86 ~ 102.27%。根据ICH指南对该方法进行了线性、准确度、精密度、特异性、鲁棒性、检出限、定量限和分析方法验证的系统适用性等方面的验证。
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引用次数: 5
Nanomedicine to improve drug delivery outcomes [Retracted] 纳米医学改善给药效果[撤回]
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.103092
M. Joshi, G. Tiwari, R. Tiwari, B. Srivastava
The early genesis of the concept of nanomedicine sprang from the visionary idea that tiny nanorobots and related machines could be designed, manufactured, and introduced into the human body to perform cellular repairs at the molecular level. Nanomedicine today has branched out in hundreds of different directions, each of them embodying the key insight that the ability to structure materials and devices at the molecular scale can bring enormous immediate benefits in the research and practice of medicine. The integration of nanotechnology with biology and medicine has given birth to a new field of science called Nanomedicine. Research into the rational delivery and targeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic, and diagnostic agents is at the forefront of projects in nanomedicine. These involve the identification of precise targets (cells and receptors) related to specific clinical conditions and choice of the appropriate nanocarriers to achieve the required responses while minimizing the side effects. Mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and cancers (tumor cells as well as tumor neovasculature) are key targets. The ultimate goal of nanomedicine is to develop well-engineered nanotools for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases. Nanomedicine today has branched out in hundreds of different directions, each of them embodying the key insight that the ability to structure materials and devices at the molecular scale can bring enormous immediate benefits in the research and practice of medicine.
纳米医学概念的早期起源源于一个有远见的想法,即可以设计、制造微型纳米机器人和相关机器,并将其引入人体,在分子水平上进行细胞修复。今天,纳米医学已经向数百个不同的方向发展,每一个方向都体现了一个关键的洞察力,即在分子尺度上构建材料和设备的能力可以为医学研究和实践带来巨大的直接利益。纳米技术与生物学和医学的结合催生了一个新的科学领域——纳米医学。对药物、治疗和诊断试剂的合理递送和靶向性的研究是纳米医学项目的前沿。这包括识别与特定临床条件相关的精确靶标(细胞和受体),以及选择适当的纳米载体,以实现所需的反应,同时最大限度地减少副作用。单核吞噬细胞、树突状细胞、内皮细胞和肿瘤(肿瘤细胞以及肿瘤新生血管)是主要靶点。纳米医学的最终目标是开发精心设计的纳米工具,用于预防、诊断和治疗许多疾病。今天,纳米医学已经向数百个不同的方向发展,每一个方向都体现了一个关键的洞察力,即在分子尺度上构建材料和设备的能力可以为医学研究和实践带来巨大的直接利益。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of PEO1 gene in 55 ethnic groups of India 印度55个民族PEO1基因单核苷酸多态性分析
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.103100
Ashutosh Kumar Singh, A. Mitra, S. Rath
Background: Progressive External Opthalmoplegia (PEO1) or Chromosome 10 open reading frame 2 gene (OMIM ID 606075) encodes Twinkle protein, a phage T7 gene 4-like hexameric helicase, and is associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions and neuromuscular disease called autosomal dominant PEO (adPEO). Twinkle has also been known to play an important role in the stability and maintenance of the mtDNA. Aims: In this study as an effort of Indian Genome Variation Consortium, we screened the SNPs of PEO1 gene such as rs7184, rs1535349, rs2863095, rs3740484, rs3740488, rs3740489, rs4919511, rs17113613, rs3824783, rs3740485, rs3740486, and rs3740487 in discovery panel (a population set of 40 DNA samples), and four synonymous SNPs, namely rs3824783 (ancestral allele=A), rs3740485 (ancestral allele=T), rs3740486 (ancestral allele=C), and rs3740487 (ancestral allele=A) in a large validation panel composed of 55 Indian subpopulations. Materials and Methods: In present study, a total of 55 Indian subpopulations were identified and collected for validation panel to check the frequencies of SNPs in PEO1 gene. Results and Conclusion: The allelic and genotype frequencies are found to be variable among different ethnic groups of India.
背景:进行性眼外麻痹症(PEO1)或10号染色体开放阅读框2基因(OMIM ID 606075)编码Twinkle蛋白,这是一种噬菌体T7基因4样六聚解旋酶,与线粒体DNA (mtDNA)缺失和常染色体显性PEO (adPEO)神经肌肉疾病有关。人们还知道,Twinkle在mtDNA的稳定和维持中发挥着重要作用。目的:本研究作为印度基因组变异联盟的一项工作,我们在发现面板(一组40份DNA样本的群体集)中筛选了PEO1基因rs7184、rs1535349、rs2863095、rs3740484、rs3740488、rs3740489、rs4919511、rs17113613、rs3824783、rs3740485、rs3740486和rs3740487四个同源snp,即rs3824783(祖先等位基因= a)、rs3740485(祖先等位基因=T)、rs3740486(祖先等位基因=C)。rs3740487(祖先等位基因=A)在由55个印度亚群组成的大型验证面板中。材料与方法:本研究共收集了55个印度人亚群,用于验证小组,检查PEO1基因snp的频率。结果与结论:印度不同民族间的等位基因和基因型频率存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of stability indicating UPLC assay method for ziprasidone active pharma ingredient 齐拉西酮有效成分UPLC稳定性指示分析方法的建立与验证
Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.103097
Sonam Mittal, Abhishek Gupta, B. Narasimhan, K. Srinivas, R. S. Gupta, V. P. Semwal
Background: Ziprasidone, a novel antipsychotic, exhibits a potent highly selective antagonistic activity on D2 and 5HT2A receptors. Literature survey for ziprasidone revealed several analytical methods based on different techniques but no UPLC method has been reported so far. Aim: Aim of this research paper is to present a simple and rapid stability indicating isocratic, ultra performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method which was developed and validated for the determination of ziprasidone active pharmaceutical ingredient. Forced degradation studies of ziprasidone were studied under acid, base, oxidative hydrolysis, thermal stress and photo stress conditions. Materials and Methods: The quantitative determination of ziprasidone drug was performed on a Supelco analytical column (100×2.1 mm i.d., 2.7 ΅m) with 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH: 6.7) and acetonitrile (ACN) as mobile phase with the ratio (55:45-Buffer:ACN) at a flow rate of 0.35 ml/ min. For UPLC method, UV detection was made at 318 nm and the run time was 3 min. Developed UPLC method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Results and Conclusion: Mild degradation of the drug substance was observed during oxidative hydrolysis and considerable degradation observed during basic hydrolysis. During method validation, parameters such as precision, linearity, ruggedness, stability, robustness, and specificity were evaluated, which remained within acceptable limits. Developed UPLC method was successfully applied for evaluating assay of Ziprasidone active Pharma ingredient.
背景:齐拉西酮是一种新型抗精神病药,对D2和5HT2A受体具有强效的高选择性拮抗活性。对齐拉西酮的文献调查显示了几种基于不同技术的分析方法,但迄今为止尚未有UPLC方法的报道。目的:建立一种简便、快速、稳定的等密度超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定齐拉西酮有效成分的方法。研究了齐拉西酮在酸、碱、氧化水解、热应力和光应力条件下的强制降解。材料与方法:采用Supelco色谱柱(100×2.1 mm id, 2.7 ΅m),以10 mm醋酸铵缓冲液(pH: 6.7)和乙腈(ACN)为流动相,以55:45-缓冲液:ACN为流动相,流速为0.35 ml/ min。UPLC检测波长为318 nm,运行时间为3 min。所建立的UPLC方法按照ICH指南进行验证。结果与结论:该原料药在氧化水解过程中有轻度降解,在碱性水解过程中有明显降解。在方法验证过程中,评估了精密度、线性度、稳健性、稳定性、鲁棒性和特异性等参数,这些参数都在可接受的范围内。建立的高效液相色谱法可用于齐拉西酮有效成分的评价。
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引用次数: 2
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Chronicles of Young Scientists
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