Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108802
J. Dave, P. J. Vyas, C. Patel
Background and Aim: A fixed dose combination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine is used in ratio of 1:1 as eye drops for the treatment of the reduction of post operative inflammatory conditions of the eye. A simple, precise, and accurate High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine in eye drops. Materials and Methods: Isocratic HPLC separation was achieved on a ACE C 18 column (C 18 (5 μm, 150 mm×4.6 mm, i.d.)) using the mobile phase 10 mM potassium di-hydrogen phosphate buffer pH 4.6-Acetonitrile (75:25 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection was performed at 307 nm. Drugs were subjected to acid, alkali and neutral hydrolysis, oxidation and photo degradation. Moreover, the proposed HPLC method was utilized to investigate the pH dependent degradation kinetics of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine in buffer solutions at different pH values like 2.0, 6.8 and 9.0. Results and Conclusion: The retention time (t R ) of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine were 3.81±0.01 and 8.82±0.02 min, respectively. The method was linear in the concentration range of 2-20 μ/mL each for moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996 and 0.9999, respectively. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The drugs could be effectively separated from different degradation products and hence the method can be used for stability analysis. Different kinetics parameters like apparent first-order rate constant, half-life and t 90 (time for 90% potency left) were calculated.
{"title":"A validated stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic method for moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine eye drops and its application in pH dependent degradation kinetics","authors":"J. Dave, P. J. Vyas, C. Patel","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108802","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: A fixed dose combination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine is used in ratio of 1:1 as eye drops for the treatment of the reduction of post operative inflammatory conditions of the eye. A simple, precise, and accurate High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine in eye drops. Materials and Methods: Isocratic HPLC separation was achieved on a ACE C 18 column (C 18 (5 μm, 150 mm×4.6 mm, i.d.)) using the mobile phase 10 mM potassium di-hydrogen phosphate buffer pH 4.6-Acetonitrile (75:25 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection was performed at 307 nm. Drugs were subjected to acid, alkali and neutral hydrolysis, oxidation and photo degradation. Moreover, the proposed HPLC method was utilized to investigate the pH dependent degradation kinetics of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine in buffer solutions at different pH values like 2.0, 6.8 and 9.0. Results and Conclusion: The retention time (t R ) of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine were 3.81±0.01 and 8.82±0.02 min, respectively. The method was linear in the concentration range of 2-20 μ/mL each for moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996 and 0.9999, respectively. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The drugs could be effectively separated from different degradation products and hence the method can be used for stability analysis. Different kinetics parameters like apparent first-order rate constant, half-life and t 90 (time for 90% potency left) were calculated.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"29 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90382959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108806
K. Singh, A. Pasha, B. A. Rani
Background: Molecular Imprinting technology is a promising technique for creating recognition elements for selected compounds and has been successfully applied for synthesis of Environmental pollutants such as pesticides. Aim: Synthetic binding polymers were prepared by non-covalent imprinting technique using bulk polymerization method for heptachlor, which is an organochlorine pesticide. Materials and Methods: Three functional monomers and 2 cross-linkers were used for molecular imprinting. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) obtained were subsequently characterized in detail with rebinding investigation using batch rebinding. The results indicate that the imprinting was successfully done for heptachlor using methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linker. Results: The affinity order from rebinding results for the 3 polymers is heptachlor-co-MAA-co-EDMA > heptachlor-co-4-VP-co-DVB > heptachlor-co-Styrene-co-DVB. UV-visible spectrophotometric study for interaction of heptachlor with MAA in pre-polymerization mixture suggests the formation of H-bonding also contributing to the formation of good imprint. Conclusion: Molecular Imprinted polymers can be used as detection systems and as clean up materials for pesticides.
背景:分子印迹技术是一种很有前途的化合物识别元件的合成技术，已成功应用于农药等环境污染物的合成。目的:采用本体聚合法，采用非共价印迹技术合成七氯有机氯农药的结合聚合物。材料与方法:采用3种功能单体和2种交联剂进行分子印迹。获得的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)随后通过批重结合研究进行了详细的表征。结果表明，以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂，成功地印迹了七氯。结果:3种聚合物的重结合亲合力顺序为:七氯-co- maa -co- edma >七氯-co-4- vp -co- dvb >七氯-co-苯乙烯-co- dvb。紫外可见分光光度法对预聚合混合物中七氯与MAA相互作用的研究表明，氢键的形成也有助于形成良好的印记。结论:分子印迹聚合物可作为农药的检测系统和清洁材料。
{"title":"Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers for heptachlor: An organochlorine pesticide","authors":"K. Singh, A. Pasha, B. A. Rani","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108806","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Molecular Imprinting technology is a promising technique for creating recognition elements for selected compounds and has been successfully applied for synthesis of Environmental pollutants such as pesticides. Aim: Synthetic binding polymers were prepared by non-covalent imprinting technique using bulk polymerization method for heptachlor, which is an organochlorine pesticide. Materials and Methods: Three functional monomers and 2 cross-linkers were used for molecular imprinting. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) obtained were subsequently characterized in detail with rebinding investigation using batch rebinding. The results indicate that the imprinting was successfully done for heptachlor using methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linker. Results: The affinity order from rebinding results for the 3 polymers is heptachlor-co-MAA-co-EDMA > heptachlor-co-4-VP-co-DVB > heptachlor-co-Styrene-co-DVB. UV-visible spectrophotometric study for interaction of heptachlor with MAA in pre-polymerization mixture suggests the formation of H-bonding also contributing to the formation of good imprint. Conclusion: Molecular Imprinted polymers can be used as detection systems and as clean up materials for pesticides.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"12 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77954541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108809
Y. Ahire, M. Ghaisas, P. Dandawate, S. Gandhi
Aim: Effect of PPAR-g agonists, Thiazolidinediones, in combination with melatonin was studied for cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. Materials and Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with combination of pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) or rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg/day p.o.) with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 7 weeks. The biochemical parameters, serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, AST, LDH and LDL-cholesterol levels were evaluated at the end of 7 weeks. Also cardiovascular parameters like atherogenic index, blood pressure, hisotology of heart were done. Results and Conclusions: The combination treated groups, pioglitazone plus melatonin (PM) and rosiglitazone plus melatonin (RM), showed significant decrease in the blood pressure when compared with diabetic control group. The level of cell injury markers AST and LDH was normalized in the combination groups PM and RM along with significant decrease in the atherogenic index. In the biochemical parameters, the serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lowered in the combination groups. There was significant inhibition of the myonecrosis, reduction in the infiltration and inflammatory cells, and vacuolar changes when compared with diabetic control. The combination treated groups also proved to be effective in normalizing the levels of SOD, GSH, catalase, and LPO in heart homogenates when compared with diabetic control as well as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and melatonin-alone-treated groups. Hence, it may be concluded that the combination of PPAR-g agonists, thiazolidinediones, with melatonin may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications.
{"title":"Beneficial effects of co-administration of PPAR-γ agonist with melatonin on cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes","authors":"Y. Ahire, M. Ghaisas, P. Dandawate, S. Gandhi","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108809","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Effect of PPAR-g agonists, Thiazolidinediones, in combination with melatonin was studied for cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. Materials and Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with combination of pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) or rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg/day p.o.) with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 7 weeks. The biochemical parameters, serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, AST, LDH and LDL-cholesterol levels were evaluated at the end of 7 weeks. Also cardiovascular parameters like atherogenic index, blood pressure, hisotology of heart were done. Results and Conclusions: The combination treated groups, pioglitazone plus melatonin (PM) and rosiglitazone plus melatonin (RM), showed significant decrease in the blood pressure when compared with diabetic control group. The level of cell injury markers AST and LDH was normalized in the combination groups PM and RM along with significant decrease in the atherogenic index. In the biochemical parameters, the serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lowered in the combination groups. There was significant inhibition of the myonecrosis, reduction in the infiltration and inflammatory cells, and vacuolar changes when compared with diabetic control. The combination treated groups also proved to be effective in normalizing the levels of SOD, GSH, catalase, and LPO in heart homogenates when compared with diabetic control as well as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and melatonin-alone-treated groups. Hence, it may be concluded that the combination of PPAR-g agonists, thiazolidinediones, with melatonin may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"14 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74551298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108800
Manoj Jain, A. Bagul, Ashok Porwal
Background: With the availability of better treatment regimen, life span of thalassemic patients is increasing. Chronic nature of thalassemia and its intensive and demanding treatment result in significant psychologic burden on the patients and their families. A lot has been studied about beta-thalassemia major but little attention has been paid to the psychological aspect of this disease. Hence, the study was planned to analyse the psychosocial problems in thalassemic adolescents and young adults. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted from January 2007 to March 2008 in thalassemic day-care centre of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Fifty four thalassemic children and controls above 9 years of age were enrolled. Psychosocial assessment done with assessment of Finer Psychopathology using ICMR Symptom checklist (ICMR task force, 1983). The prevalence of various problems was calculated and compared with controls. Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used for testing differences in variables. Results: Patients were divided into three groups - Group A (10-15 years, 30 patients); Group B (15-20 years, 18 patients), and Group C (20-25 years, 6 patients). In group A, behavior problems were common (12 patients -40%) (P Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that psychosocial problems are more in thalassemic adolescents and young adults. Psychosocial aspects need to be addressed in the overall treatment of children with thalassemia.
{"title":"Psychosocial problems in thalassemic adolescents and young adults","authors":"Manoj Jain, A. Bagul, Ashok Porwal","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108800","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the availability of better treatment regimen, life span of thalassemic patients is increasing. Chronic nature of thalassemia and its intensive and demanding treatment result in significant psychologic burden on the patients and their families. A lot has been studied about beta-thalassemia major but little attention has been paid to the psychological aspect of this disease. Hence, the study was planned to analyse the psychosocial problems in thalassemic adolescents and young adults. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted from January 2007 to March 2008 in thalassemic day-care centre of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Fifty four thalassemic children and controls above 9 years of age were enrolled. Psychosocial assessment done with assessment of Finer Psychopathology using ICMR Symptom checklist (ICMR task force, 1983). The prevalence of various problems was calculated and compared with controls. Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used for testing differences in variables. Results: Patients were divided into three groups - Group A (10-15 years, 30 patients); Group B (15-20 years, 18 patients), and Group C (20-25 years, 6 patients). In group A, behavior problems were common (12 patients -40%) (P Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that psychosocial problems are more in thalassemic adolescents and young adults. Psychosocial aspects need to be addressed in the overall treatment of children with thalassemia.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"9 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82021898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108805
Ashok Singh, A. Mitra, Pratibha Mishra, Ajit K Paul, Sharad Sharma, S. Rath
Aim: To screen the gene PEO1 and mitochondrial genes in sporadic cases of rare progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) patients from North India. Materials and Methods: The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was isolated from the sporadic PEO patients, and bi-directional sequencing was done in gene PEO1 and mitochondrial genes to capture the mutations relevant to the PEO disease. Results: In the present study, none of the mutations were reported in the coding region of PEO1 gene, while four mutations were observed in mtDNA genes, namely NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2), tRNA-Trp, non-coding nucleotides (MT-NC3), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (MT-ND5). Our study revealed two novel mutations, one in tRNA-Trp and the other in ND2 gene, which may have role in sporadic cases of PEO patients. The absence of novel conserved mutation in tRNA-Trp gene was also confirmed in 110 ethnically matched controls. Conclusion: The sporadic case of PEO disease is not associated with mutations in nuclear gene PEO1 . The novel mutation in tRNA-Trp gene and ND2 mutations may have role in the disease.
{"title":"Screening of PEO1 and mitochondrial genes in sporadic cases of ophthalmoplegia","authors":"Ashok Singh, A. Mitra, Pratibha Mishra, Ajit K Paul, Sharad Sharma, S. Rath","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108805","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To screen the gene PEO1 and mitochondrial genes in sporadic cases of rare progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) patients from North India. Materials and Methods: The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was isolated from the sporadic PEO patients, and bi-directional sequencing was done in gene PEO1 and mitochondrial genes to capture the mutations relevant to the PEO disease. Results: In the present study, none of the mutations were reported in the coding region of PEO1 gene, while four mutations were observed in mtDNA genes, namely NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2), tRNA-Trp, non-coding nucleotides (MT-NC3), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (MT-ND5). Our study revealed two novel mutations, one in tRNA-Trp and the other in ND2 gene, which may have role in sporadic cases of PEO patients. The absence of novel conserved mutation in tRNA-Trp gene was also confirmed in 110 ethnically matched controls. Conclusion: The sporadic case of PEO disease is not associated with mutations in nuclear gene PEO1 . The novel mutation in tRNA-Trp gene and ND2 mutations may have role in the disease.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"14 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80040713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108799
S. Panda, Ganeswar Mohanta, B. Kumar
Aim: The present work deals with development and validation of a novel, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric method for the estimation of citicoline sodium (CTS) in tablets. This spectrophotometric method is based on the principle that CTS shows two different forms that differs in the absorption spectra in basic and acidic medium. Materials and Methods: The present work was being carried out on Shimadzu 1800 Double Beam UV-visible spectrophotometer. Difference spectra were generated using 10 mm quartz cells over the range of 200-400 nm. Solvents used were 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl. Results: The maxima and minima in the difference spectra of CTS were found to be 239 nm and 283 nm, respectively. Amplitude was calculated from the maxima and minima of spectrum. The drug follows linearity in the range of 1-50 μ/ml (R 2 = 0.999). The average % recovery from the tablet formulation was found to be 98.47%. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use: ICH Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology guidelines. Conclusion: This method is simple and inexpensive. Hence it can be applied for determination of the drug in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
目的:建立一种新的、精确的、准确的测定片中胞胆碱钠(CTS)含量的分光光度法。这种分光光度法是基于CTS在碱性和酸性介质中显示两种不同形式的吸收光谱的原理。材料与方法:本工作在岛津1800双光束紫外可见分光光度计上进行。使用10 mm石英电池在200-400 nm范围内生成差分光谱。所用溶剂为0.1 M NaOH和0.1 M HCl。结果:CTS差异光谱的最大值为239 nm，最小值为283 nm。振幅由频谱的最大值和最小值计算。在1 ~ 50 μ/ml范围内呈线性关系(r2 = 0.999)。该片剂的平均回收率为98.47%。该方法按照人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会议:ICH Q2(R1)分析方法验证:文本和方法学指南进行验证。结论:该方法操作简便，成本低廉。因此，可用于药物剂型的测定。
{"title":"Estimation of citicoline sodium in tablets by difference spectrophotometric method","authors":"S. Panda, Ganeswar Mohanta, B. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108799","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present work deals with development and validation of a novel, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric method for the estimation of citicoline sodium (CTS) in tablets. This spectrophotometric method is based on the principle that CTS shows two different forms that differs in the absorption spectra in basic and acidic medium. Materials and Methods: The present work was being carried out on Shimadzu 1800 Double Beam UV-visible spectrophotometer. Difference spectra were generated using 10 mm quartz cells over the range of 200-400 nm. Solvents used were 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl. Results: The maxima and minima in the difference spectra of CTS were found to be 239 nm and 283 nm, respectively. Amplitude was calculated from the maxima and minima of spectrum. The drug follows linearity in the range of 1-50 μ/ml (R 2 = 0.999). The average % recovery from the tablet formulation was found to be 98.47%. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use: ICH Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology guidelines. Conclusion: This method is simple and inexpensive. Hence it can be applied for determination of the drug in pharmaceutical dosage forms.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"45 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79252491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108803
K. Geetha, V. Bindu, V. Murugan
Background: Free radical stress leads to tissue injury and progression of disease conditions such as arthritis, hemorrhagic shock, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic injury, aging and ischemia, reperfusion injury of many tissues, gastritis, tumor promotion, neurodegenerative diseases, and carcinogenesis. Safer antioxidants suitable for long term use are needed to prevent or stop the progression of free radical mediated disorders. Viscum articulatum is traditionally used for various oxidative stress induced disorders including liver disorders. Aims: The present study investigated antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of Viscum articulatum in in vivo and in vitro models to provide scientific basis for the traditional usage of this plant. Materials and Methods: The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the ability of the extract to scavenge 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) which were assessed using spectroscopic methods. Results: The extract showed promising dose dependant free radical scavenging property in all the methods used. The extract effectively increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and decreased lipid peroxidation in the treated groups indicating in vivo antioxidant activity. The extract also effectively decreased the serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, SALP, and total protein levels compared to toxicant control rats. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study indicate that Viscum articulatum is a potential source of antioxidant which would help in preventing many free radical mediated diseases.
{"title":"Antioxidant potential of Viscum articulatum burm","authors":"K. Geetha, V. Bindu, V. Murugan","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108803","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Free radical stress leads to tissue injury and progression of disease conditions such as arthritis, hemorrhagic shock, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic injury, aging and ischemia, reperfusion injury of many tissues, gastritis, tumor promotion, neurodegenerative diseases, and carcinogenesis. Safer antioxidants suitable for long term use are needed to prevent or stop the progression of free radical mediated disorders. Viscum articulatum is traditionally used for various oxidative stress induced disorders including liver disorders. Aims: The present study investigated antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of Viscum articulatum in in vivo and in vitro models to provide scientific basis for the traditional usage of this plant. Materials and Methods: The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the ability of the extract to scavenge 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) which were assessed using spectroscopic methods. Results: The extract showed promising dose dependant free radical scavenging property in all the methods used. The extract effectively increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and decreased lipid peroxidation in the treated groups indicating in vivo antioxidant activity. The extract also effectively decreased the serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, SALP, and total protein levels compared to toxicant control rats. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study indicate that Viscum articulatum is a potential source of antioxidant which would help in preventing many free radical mediated diseases.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"27 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74767529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108796
M. Asif, Anita Singh, Lakshmayya
There has been considerable interest in the development of new molecule with antibacterial activities particularly against tuberculosis because mycobacterium species have developed resistance against currently used drugs, their toxic effect, and longer duration of therapy. The pyridazine derivatives are an important class of compound for new drugs research and development. Therefore, many researchers have synthesized these compounds as target structures and evaluated their antitubercular activity. These observations have been guiding in the development of new molecules that possess potent antitubercular activity with minimum side effects or effective against multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium strains, and also in patient co-infected with HIV/AIDS.
{"title":"Development of structurally diverse antitubercular molecules with pyridazine ring","authors":"M. Asif, Anita Singh, Lakshmayya","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108796","url":null,"abstract":"There has been considerable interest in the development of new molecule with antibacterial activities particularly against tuberculosis because mycobacterium species have developed resistance against currently used drugs, their toxic effect, and longer duration of therapy. The pyridazine derivatives are an important class of compound for new drugs research and development. Therefore, many researchers have synthesized these compounds as target structures and evaluated their antitubercular activity. These observations have been guiding in the development of new molecules that possess potent antitubercular activity with minimum side effects or effective against multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium strains, and also in patient co-infected with HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"14 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89427579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108810
A. Sheth, K. Patel, R. Badmanaban, N. Doshi, N. Shah
Aim: A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and economical reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographicmethod is developed for simultaneous separation and quantification of two anti-hypertensive drugs, viz., olmesartan medoxomil and indapamide. Materials and Methods: The separation of both the drugs was achieved on ACE C 18 AR column (250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm particle size) column using a mobile phase of sodium perchlorate and triethylamine buffer solution (at pH 3): Acetonitrile (60:40 v/v). The flow rate was 1 ml/min and detection was done at 280 nm. Results: The retention time for indapamide was 5.3 min and for olmesartan medoxomil was 6.8 min. Olmesartan medoxomil and indapamide showed a linear response in the concentration range of 50-300 μg/ml and 3.75-22.5 μg/ml respectively. The correlation co-efficients for olmesartan medoxomil and indapamide were 0.9999 and 0.9998 respectively. The percentage recoveries obtained forolmesartan medoxomil and indapamide ranges from 99.3% to 99.8% and 99.7% to 100.9% respectively. The results of the analysis have been validated as per International conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Validation results indicated that method shows satisfactory linearity, accuracy, precision, and ruggedness. Conclusion: The extremely low flow rate, simple mobile phase composition makes this method cost effective, rapid, and non-tedious and can also be successfully employed for simultaneous estimation of both drugs in commercial products.
{"title":"Simultaneous estimation of olmesartan medoxomil and indapamide from bulk and commercial products using a validated reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic technique","authors":"A. Sheth, K. Patel, R. Badmanaban, N. Doshi, N. Shah","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108810","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and economical reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographicmethod is developed for simultaneous separation and quantification of two anti-hypertensive drugs, viz., olmesartan medoxomil and indapamide. Materials and Methods: The separation of both the drugs was achieved on ACE C 18 AR column (250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm particle size) column using a mobile phase of sodium perchlorate and triethylamine buffer solution (at pH 3): Acetonitrile (60:40 v/v). The flow rate was 1 ml/min and detection was done at 280 nm. Results: The retention time for indapamide was 5.3 min and for olmesartan medoxomil was 6.8 min. Olmesartan medoxomil and indapamide showed a linear response in the concentration range of 50-300 μg/ml and 3.75-22.5 μg/ml respectively. The correlation co-efficients for olmesartan medoxomil and indapamide were 0.9999 and 0.9998 respectively. The percentage recoveries obtained forolmesartan medoxomil and indapamide ranges from 99.3% to 99.8% and 99.7% to 100.9% respectively. The results of the analysis have been validated as per International conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Validation results indicated that method shows satisfactory linearity, accuracy, precision, and ruggedness. Conclusion: The extremely low flow rate, simple mobile phase composition makes this method cost effective, rapid, and non-tedious and can also be successfully employed for simultaneous estimation of both drugs in commercial products.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"1 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86995555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.108807
Sagar J. Abichandani, R. Nadiger
Introduction: Cross-contamination and cross-infection can occur by direct contact with micro-organisms, indirect contact with contaminated objects, droplet transmission, and inhalation of airborne pathogens. In dentistry, operatory surfaces can routinely become contaminated with patient saliva, blood, and other fluids during treatment. Aims and Objectives: This review is aimed to identify cross-contamination and spread of infection by various means and the appropriate preventive measures to be implemented. This review will also highlight the various aspects that are neglected in various dental schools/dental practice or any dental set up that potentiate cross-contamination ultimately affecting the dentist, dental team and the patients. Materials and Methods: A review of the dental literature concerning cross-contamination was performed. Material appearing in the literature before 1996 was reviewed as exhaustively as possible and materials after 1996 were reviewed electronically. In Medline, key words like cross-contamination, sterilization, asepsis, infection, infection control, prevention were used in various combinations to obtain a potential reference for review. A total of 2245 English Language titles were found, many were repeated due to recurring searches. The headings were shortlisted and reviewed for detailed examination. Results: A comprehensive review to evaluate the methods of preventing cross-contamination in dentistry involving various aspects and challenges encountered in a dental set up was constructed which was missing in the references of the review. Conclusions: Awareness and the necessary precautions play a pivotal role in preventing the occurrence of cross-contamination. It is the responsibility of the entire dental team to work in unison to prevent the menace of cross-contamination and spread of infection.
{"title":"Cross-contamination in dentistry: A comprehensive overview","authors":"Sagar J. Abichandani, R. Nadiger","doi":"10.4103/2229-5186.108807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.108807","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cross-contamination and cross-infection can occur by direct contact with micro-organisms, indirect contact with contaminated objects, droplet transmission, and inhalation of airborne pathogens. In dentistry, operatory surfaces can routinely become contaminated with patient saliva, blood, and other fluids during treatment. Aims and Objectives: This review is aimed to identify cross-contamination and spread of infection by various means and the appropriate preventive measures to be implemented. This review will also highlight the various aspects that are neglected in various dental schools/dental practice or any dental set up that potentiate cross-contamination ultimately affecting the dentist, dental team and the patients. Materials and Methods: A review of the dental literature concerning cross-contamination was performed. Material appearing in the literature before 1996 was reviewed as exhaustively as possible and materials after 1996 were reviewed electronically. In Medline, key words like cross-contamination, sterilization, asepsis, infection, infection control, prevention were used in various combinations to obtain a potential reference for review. A total of 2245 English Language titles were found, many were repeated due to recurring searches. The headings were shortlisted and reviewed for detailed examination. Results: A comprehensive review to evaluate the methods of preventing cross-contamination in dentistry involving various aspects and challenges encountered in a dental set up was constructed which was missing in the references of the review. Conclusions: Awareness and the necessary precautions play a pivotal role in preventing the occurrence of cross-contamination. It is the responsibility of the entire dental team to work in unison to prevent the menace of cross-contamination and spread of infection.","PeriodicalId":10187,"journal":{"name":"Chronicles of Young Scientists","volume":"23 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84991149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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