Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献_第9页

Comparative effects of glazing versus polishing on mechanical, optical, and surface properties of zirconia ceramics with different translucencies 上釉与抛光对不同透光度氧化锆陶瓷的机械、光学和表面特性的比较效果。

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.884

Dr Maryam Jamali DDS,MSc, Dr Fariba Ezoji DDS,MSc, Dr Behnaz Esmaeili DDS,MSc, Soraya Khafri Phd

Objectives

This study compared the effects of glazing versus polishing on mechanical, optical, and surface properties of zirconia ceramics with different translucencies.

Materials and Methods

In this in vitro study, 120 bar-shaped specimens (25 × 4 × 1.2 mm) were fabricated from three different types of zirconia with different translucencies (n = 40, DD Bio ZW, ZX2, and Cube X2). After sintering, each zirconia group was randomly divided into five subgroups of control (glazing), glazing + bur abrasion, glazing + bur abrasion + polishing with EVE Diacera® kit, glazing + bur abrasion + reglazing, and glazing + bur abrasion + polishing with EVE Diacera® kit + reglazing. The specimens underwent surface roughness, hardness, flexural strength, and translucency tests, as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for assessment of surface topography. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, and Pearson test (α = .05).

Results

Flexural strength, surface hardness, and translucency were significantly correlated with zirconia type. ZW zirconia had significantly higher flexural strength and surface hardness and significantly lower translucency than Cube X2 and ZX2 (p < .001). Surface roughness had no significant correlation with zirconia type (p = .274). Polishing created the smoothest, and bur abrasion created the roughest surface (p < .001). Flexural strength and hardness in most experimental groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p < .001). Translucency was not significantly different in bur abrasion and polishing groups, compared with the control group; however, reglazing significantly increased the translucency (p < .001). SEM micrographs confirmed the surface roughness results. XRD showed monoclinic phase only in reglazed groups.

Conclusion

Of different surface treatments, polishing improved the surface properties and caused the smallest change in mechanical properties of zirconia with different translucencies.

目的：比较上釉和抛光对不同透光度氧化锆陶瓷的机械、光学和表面特性的影响：本研究比较了施釉与抛光对不同透光度氧化锆陶瓷的机械、光学和表面特性的影响：在这项体外研究中，我们用三种不同透光度的氧化锆（n = 40，DD Bio ZW、ZX2 和 Cube X2）制作了 120 个棒状试样（25 × 4 × 1.2 毫米）。烧结后，每组氧化锆被随机分为五个子组：对照组（上釉）、上釉 + 毛刺磨损组、上釉 + 毛刺磨损 + 使用 EVE Diacera® 套件抛光组、上釉 + 毛刺磨损 + 再上釉组和上釉 + 毛刺磨损 + 使用 EVE Diacera® 套件抛光 + 再上釉组。试样进行了表面粗糙度、硬度、抗弯强度和透光度测试，并使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 评估表面形貌。数据分析采用单因素方差分析、Tukey 检验和 Pearson 检验（α = .05）：结果：抗弯强度、表面硬度和半透明度与氧化锆类型显著相关。与 Cube X2 和 ZX2 相比，ZW 型氧化锆的抗弯强度和表面硬度明显更高，而透光度则明显更低（p）：在不同的表面处理方法中，抛光能改善氧化锆的表面性能，对不同半透明氧化锆的机械性能造成的变化最小。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of Zircos-E® etchant, silica coating, and alumina air-particle abrasion on the debonding resistance of endocrowns with three different preparation designs Zircos-E®蚀刻剂、二氧化硅涂层和氧化铝气粒磨损对三种不同制备设计的内冠的抗脱落性的影响。

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.901

Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Mohammed Ahmed Alghauli, Karim Dewedar, Mohammed H. AbdElaziz, Samah Saker

Objectives

The study aimed to evaluate the debonding resistance of three different endocrown designs on molar teeth, using three different zirconia surface pretreatments.

Material and Method

Ninety human mandibular first molars were divided into three main groups: endocrowns without ferrule, with 1 mm ferrule, and with 2 mm ferrule. The subgroups were defined by their surface pretreatment method used (n = 15): 50 μm alumina air-particle abrasion, silica coating using 30 μm Cojet™ particles, and Zircos-E® etching. The endocrowns were fabricated using multilayer zirconia ceramic, cemented with self-adhesive resin cement, and subjected to 5000 thermocycles (5–55°C) before debonding. The data obtained were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA.

Results

All test specimens survived the thermocyclic aging. The results indicated that both the preparation design and the surface treatment had a significant impact on the resistance to debonding of the endocrowns (p < .001). The 2 mm ferrule followed by the 1 mm ferrule designs exhibited the highest debonding resistance, both were superior to the endocrown without ferrule. Zircos-E® etching and silica coating yielded comparable debonding resistance, which were significantly higher than alumina air-particle abrasion. All endocrowns demonstrated a favorable failure mode.

Conclusions

All designs and surface treatments showed high debonding resistance for a single restoration. However, ferrule designs with Zircos-E® etching or silica coating may represent better clinical options compared to the nonferrule design or alumina airborne-particle abrasion. Nonetheless, further research, including fatigue testing and evaluations with different luting agents is recommended.

研究目的该研究旨在评估三种不同氧化锆表面预处理的磨牙内冠设计的抗脱落性：将 90 颗人类下颌第一磨牙分为三大组：无套圈内冠、带 1 毫米套圈内冠和带 2 毫米套圈内冠。根据所使用的表面预处理方法（n = 15）来确定分组：50 μm 氧化铝空气颗粒研磨、使用 30 μm Cojet™ 颗粒的二氧化硅涂层和 Zircos-E® 蚀刻。使用多层氧化锆陶瓷制作内冠，用自粘树脂粘结剂粘结，并在脱粘前进行 5000 次热循环（5-55°C）。所得数据采用双向方差分析：结果：所有试样都经受住了热循环老化。结果表明，制备设计和表面处理对内冠的抗脱落性都有显著影响（p 结论：所有设计和表面处理都显示出较高的抗脱落性：对于单个修复体而言，所有的设计和表面处理都显示出较高的抗脱落性。不过，与非卡环设计或氧化铝空气颗粒磨蚀相比，带有 Zircos-E® 蚀刻或二氧化硅涂层的卡环设计可能是更好的临床选择。尽管如此，还是建议进行进一步的研究，包括疲劳测试和使用不同粘结剂的评估。

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引用次数: 0

The extended finite element method in endodontics: A scoping review and future directions for cyclic fatigue testing of nickel–titanium instruments 牙髓学中的扩展有限元法：镍钛器械循环疲劳测试的范围综述和未来方向。

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.893

Philip Yuan-Ho Chien, Laurence James Walsh, Ove Andreas Peters

Objectives

The present study reviews the current literature regarding the utilization of the extended finite element method (XFEM) in clinical and experimental endodontic studies and the suitability of XFEM in the assessment of cyclic fatigue in rotary endodontic nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments.

Material and Methods

An electronic literature search was conducted using the appropriate search terms, and the titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. The search yielded 13 hits after duplicates were removed, and four studies met the inclusion criteria for review.

Results

No studies to date have utilized XFEM to study cyclic fatigue or crack propagation in rotary endodontic NiTi instruments. Challenges such as modelling material inputs and fatigue criteria could explain the lack of utilization of XFEM in the analysis of mechanical behavior in NiTi instruments.

Conclusions

The review showed that XFEM was seldom employed in endodontic literature. Recent work suggests potential promise in using XFEM for modelling NiTi structures.

研究目的本研究回顾了有关在临床和实验性牙髓研究中使用扩展有限元法（XFEM）的现有文献，以及 XFEM 在评估旋转式牙髓镍钛（NiTi）器械的循环疲劳方面的适用性：使用适当的检索词进行了电子文献检索，并对标题和摘要进行了相关性筛选。去除重复内容后，共搜索到 13 篇文章，其中 4 篇符合纳入审查标准：迄今为止，还没有研究利用 XFEM 来研究旋转式根管治疗镍钛器械的循环疲劳或裂纹扩展。材料输入建模和疲劳标准等挑战可能是 XFEM 在镍钛器械机械行为分析中缺乏应用的原因：综述显示，牙髓文献中很少使用 XFEM。最近的研究表明，使用 XFEM 对镍钛结构建模具有潜在的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the effect of different core substrates on the accuracy of intraoral scanners 评估不同牙芯基底对口内扫描仪精度的影响。

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.899

Maryam Khoshkhahesh, Shabnam Enteghad, Kiana Aghasadeghi, Mitra Farzin, Masumeh Taghva, Seyed Ali Mosadad

Background

The aim of this study was to determine if different types of core substrates have any effect on the trueness and precision of digital intraoral impressions.

Material and Methods

A customized typodont with four similar cores of natural dentine, composite, metal (Ni-Cr), and zirconia in the position of premolars was fabricated. The study model was scanned five times with two types of intraoral scanners (Carestream 3600 and 3Shape Trios 3), and a reference standard scan was obtained using a laboratory scanner (3shape D1000). A metrology software (Geomagic X) was used to align the data of experimental scans and the reference scan to determine deviation values (trueness). Precision values were calculated with random superimposition in each intraoral scanner group. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare differences between different substrates, and the Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the average values between the two scanners.

Results

Trios 3 was found to be significantly truer and more precise than Carestream 3600 (p value = .005, <0.001). There were no significant differences in the trueness of different substrates when they were scanned by Trios 3, while different materials showed significantly different trueness values in the Carestream 3600 group (p value = .003). Dentin showed the best trueness, and zirconia performed worse than other substrates. Regarding the precision of the scanners, neither of the scanners was affected by the type of scanning substrate.

Conclusion

For Carestream 3600, substrate type did impact the trueness of intraoral scans, with dentin and zirconia showing the highest and lowest accuracy, respectively, while Trios 3 was similarly accurate across all substrates. Trios 3 had both higher trueness and precision than Carestream 3600.

背景：本研究的目的是确定不同类型的牙髓基底是否会对数字化口内印模的真实性和精确性产生影响：在前臼齿的位置上制作了一个定制的类型牙，有天然牙本质、复合材料、金属（镍铬合金）和氧化锆四种类似的牙髓。使用两种口内扫描仪（Carestream 3600 和 3Shape Trios 3）对研究模型进行了五次扫描，并使用实验室扫描仪（3shape D1000）进行了参考标准扫描。使用计量软件（Geomagic X）对实验扫描数据和参考扫描数据进行对齐，以确定偏差值（真实度）。每个口内扫描仪组的精确度值都是通过随机叠加计算得出的。Kruskal-Wallis 检验用于比较不同基底之间的差异，Mann-Whitney 检验用于比较两种扫描仪之间的平均值：结果：Trios 3 的真实度和精确度明显高于 Carestream 3600（P 值 = .005，结论：对于 Carestream 3600，基质类型、基质类型、基质类型、基质类型、基质类型、基质类型、基质类型、基质类型、基质类型、基质类型、基质类型、基质类型）：对于 Carestream 3600，基质类型确实会影响口内扫描的真实度，牙本质和氧化锆的准确度分别最高和最低，而 Trios 3 对所有基质的准确度都差不多。Trios 3 的真实度和精确度均高于 Carestream 3600。

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引用次数: 0

Unique dietary and oral hygiene behaviors in a cohort with clinically severe obesity: A cross sectional study 临床重度肥胖人群独特的饮食和口腔卫生行为：一项横断面研究。

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.895

Zanab Malik, Woosung Sohn, Shanika Nanayakkara, Kathryn Williams

Background

An association between increased risk of dental caries with increased levels of clinically severe obesity has been reported. Data linking body mass index (BMI) and dietary behaviors, including at-risk dietary factors and oral hygiene habits, are lacking in a cohort with clinically severe obesity. This study aimed to explore the dietary and oral hygiene behaviors in individuals with clinically severe obesity attending a hospital-based obesity service.

Methods

Adult patients attending a hospital-based obesity service in Greater Western Sydney with clinically severe obesity were invited to participate in a self-administered survey, which collected data on their nutritional and oral hygiene behaviors. Demographic data (age, gender) and BMI were extracted from the participants' medical records. The primary outcome was the relationship between BMI and frequency of ^{toothbrushing.}

Results

Of the 82 individuals who consented to participate, 81 (98.8%) completed the study questionnaire. The median BMI of the cohort was 49.1 kg/m² (interquartile range [IQR]: 43.2–57.3 kg/m²) and median age 51 (IQR: 39–63) years. BMI was not significantly correlated with individual oral health behaviors (p > .05). Many participants reported dietary risk behaviors, which have the potential to influence their oral health.

Conclusions

While oral health behaviors were not associated with increasing BMI, patients with clinically severe obesity in this study reported unique dietary behaviors and mixed oral hygiene habits that may complicate nutritional and dental management. Awareness of these behaviors among clinicians including dental professionals is required in this cohort.

背景：据报道，龋齿风险的增加与临床重度肥胖程度的增加有关。在临床重度肥胖人群中，缺乏将体重指数（BMI）和饮食行为（包括高危饮食因素和口腔卫生习惯）联系起来的数据。本研究旨在探讨在医院肥胖症服务机构就诊的临床重度肥胖症患者的饮食和口腔卫生行为：方法：邀请到大悉尼西区一家医院肥胖症服务机构就诊的临床重度肥胖症成人患者参加一项自填式调查，收集他们的营养和口腔卫生行为数据。人口统计学数据（年龄、性别）和体重指数均从参与者的医疗记录中提取。主要结果是 BMI 与刷牙频率之间的关系。结果：在同意参与研究的 82 人中，81 人（98.8%）完成了研究问卷。人群的体重指数中位数为 49.1 kg/m2（四分位距 [IQR]：43.2-57.3 kg/m2），年龄中位数为 51（IQR：39-63）岁。体重指数与个人口腔健康行为无明显相关性（P > .05）。许多参与者报告了饮食风险行为，这有可能影响他们的口腔健康：虽然口腔健康行为与体重指数的增加无关，但本研究中的临床重度肥胖患者报告了独特的饮食行为和混合口腔卫生习惯，这可能会使营养和牙科管理复杂化。临床医生（包括牙科专业人员）需要对这些行为有所了解。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the effects of postprocessing settings in digital bitewing radiographs on proximal caries detection 评估数字咬翼X光片后处理设置对近端龋齿检测的影响

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.889

Mehrdad Abdinian, Forooz Keshani, Fateme Sadeghi, Parisa Soltani, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Carlo Rengo

Objective

Radiographs are an integral part of detecting proximal caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of contrast, brightness, noise, sharpness, and γ adjustment of digital intraoral radiographs on the diagnosis of proximal caries.

Materials and methods

In this in vitro study, 40 extracted teeth including 20 premolars and 20 molars with enamel lesions (white spot or dentin discoloration seen through the enamel) were mounted together in groups of eight inside the skull. Bitewing radiographic images of each dental group were obtained by a photostimulable phosphor plate sensor with exposure conditions of 8 mA, 70 kV, and 0.2 s. The images were reconstructed by the built-in software and examined by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists in various settings of contrast, brightness, sharpness, noise, and γ. The teeth were then cut mesiodistally and the presence or absence of caries was confirmed by an oral and maxillofacial pathologist using a stereomicroscope. The data were then analyzed using the κ agreement coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (α = .05).

Results

Adjustment of brightness and contrast led to higher diagnostic performance with an accuracy of 82.5% and 83.8 (for observers 1 and 2, respectively) and 82.5% (for both observers), respectively. Noise adjustment was the least helpful approach for diagnosis of proximal dental caries among other adjustments, with an accuracy of 78.8% and 77.5% for observers 1 and 2, respectively.

Conclusion

Brightness and contrast setting was more efficient in improving the diagnostic potential of bitewing radiographs compared to other adjustments.

目的 X 光片是检测近端龋不可或缺的一部分。本研究旨在评估数字口内X光片的对比度、亮度、噪声、锐度和γ调整对诊断近端龋的影响。材料和方法在这项体外研究中，将 40 颗有釉质病变（透过釉质看到白斑或牙本质变色）的拔牙（包括 20 颗前臼齿和 20 颗臼齿）以 8 颗为一组装在头骨内。每组牙齿的咬翼射线图像都是通过光刺激荧光板传感器获得的，曝光条件为 8 mA、70 kV 和 0.2 秒。图像由内置软件重建，并由两名口腔颌面部放射科医生在不同的对比度、亮度、清晰度、噪声和 γ 设置下进行检查。然后在中线切开牙齿，由口腔颌面部病理学家使用体视显微镜确认是否存在龋齿。然后使用κ一致系数、灵敏度、特异性和准确性（α = .05）对数据进行分析。结果调整亮度和对比度可提高诊断性能，准确率分别为 82.5%、83.8%（观察者 1 和观察者 2）和 82.5%（两位观察者）。在其他调整中，噪声调整对诊断近端龋齿的帮助最小，观察者 1 和观察者 2 的准确率分别为 78.8% 和 77.5%。结论与其他调整相比，亮度和对比度设置能更有效地提高咬翼X光片的诊断潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Does surface priming increase the bond strength of orthodontic brackets? An experimental study 表面打底是否能提高正畸托槽的粘结强度？实验研究

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.888

Sara M. Al Taweel, Spiros Zinelis, Arif Sofyan, Youssef S. Al Jabbari

Objective

To evaluate the effects of metal primer II (MP II) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to teeth and bis-acryl composite provisional material (Bis-Acryl).

Material and Methods

Twenty extracted human premolars specimens and 20 premolar shaped Bis-Acryl specimens were obtained and randomly divided into two surface groups. The first group consisted of human premolars (T) bonded to brackets in the conventional way while in the second (T-MP) MP II was applied on the bracket base before bonding. Similarly, one group of provisional material (PM) was prepared according to conventional treatment and another with the application of MP-II metal bonder (PM-MP). In all cases Ortho-brackets (Victory Series, 3 M) were bonded employing Transbond XT resin cement. Then the brackets were debonded under shear and the results were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Holm Sidak at α = .05. The debonded surfaces of all specimens were examined by light microscopy and the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was recorded.

Results

The SBS results exhibited significant differences er (p < .001). For both the T and TM the application of MP-II increased the SBS compared to respective control groups (p < .001). The T-C group was found inferior compared to PM-C (p < .001) and the same is true for the comparison between T-MP and PM-MP (p < .001). ARI indexes demonstrated that the tooth groups were characterized by a predominantly adhesive failure at the resin-dentin interface. In contrast, the control group for provisional crowns (PM-C) showed a predominantly cohesive failure mode, which moved to predominantly adhesive after the application of MP II.

Conclusion

The application of MP II enhances the SBS on both, human enamel and provisional crown materials.

目的评估金属底漆 II（MP II）对粘结在牙齿和双丙烯酸复合临时材料（Bis-Acryl）上的正畸托槽剪切粘结强度（SBS）的影响。材料和方法取 20 颗拔出的人类前臼齿标本和 20 颗前臼齿形状的 Bis-Acryl 标本，随机分为两个表面组。第一组是用传统方法粘接在托槽上的人类前磨牙（T），而第二组（T-MP）则是在粘接前在托槽基底上涂抹 MP II。同样，一组临时材料（PM）是按照传统方法制作的，另一组则使用了 MP-II 金属粘结剂（PM-MP）。所有情况下都使用 Transbond XT 树脂粘结剂粘结正畸托槽（胜利系列，3 M）。然后在剪切力作用下对托架进行脱粘，并采用双向方差分析和霍尔姆-西达克（Holm Sidak）法（α = .05）对结果进行统计分析。用光学显微镜检查所有试样的脱粘表面，并记录粘合剂残留指数（ARI）。结果 SBS 结果显示出明显的差异 (p < .001)。对于 T 组和 TM 组，与各自的对照组相比，使用 MP-II 增加了 SBS（p < .001）。T-C组的SBS低于PM-C组（p < .001），T-MP和PM-MP之间的比较也是如此（p < .001）。ARI 指数表明，各组牙齿的特点是树脂-牙本质界面主要出现粘合失效。与此相反，临时牙冠的对照组（PM-C）显示出主要的内聚失效模式，而在使用 MP II 后则转变为主要的粘接失效模式。结论应用 MP II 可以增强人类珐琅质和临时牙冠材料的 SBS。

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引用次数: 0

Elevated subgingival temperature infers high bacterial pathogen counts in severe periodontitis 龈下温度升高表明严重牙周炎的细菌病原体数量较多

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.891

Thomas E. Rams, Jørgen Slots

Objectives

Periodontal inflammation may be assessed by bleeding on probing and subgingival temperature. This pilot study evaluated the intrapatient relationship between subgingival temperature and selected bacterial groups/species in deep periodontal pockets with bleeding on probing.

Materials and Methods

In each of eight adults, an electronic temperature probe identified three “hot” pockets with elevated subgingival temperature and three “cool” pockets with normal subgingival temperature among premolars/molars with 6‒10 mm probing depths and bleeding on probing. Microbial samples collected separately from the hot and cool periodontal pockets were cultured for selected periodontal pathogens.

Results

Hot compared to cool periodontal pockets revealed significantly higher absolute and normalized subgingival temperatures and yielded higher mean proportions of Porphyromonas gingivalis (10.2% for hot vs. 2.5% for cool, p = 0.030) and total red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (48.0% for hot vs. 24.6% for cool, p = 0.012).

Conclusions

Hot versus cool deep periodontal pockets harbored significantly higher levels of major periodontal pathogens. Subgingival temperature measurements may potentially be useful to assess risk of periodontitis progression and the efficacy of periodontal therapy.

目的牙周炎症可通过探诊出血和龈下温度来评估。本试验研究评估了探诊出血的深牙周袋中龈下温度与选定细菌群/种之间的患者间关系。材料和方法在探诊深度为 6-10 毫米、探诊时出血的前臼齿/臼齿中，用电子温度探针分别确定三个龈下温度升高的 "热 "口袋和三个龈下温度正常的 "冷 "口袋。分别从热牙周袋和冷牙周袋采集的微生物样本进行了特定牙周病原体的培养。结果热牙周袋与冷牙周袋相比，龈下绝对温度和归一化温度明显更高，牙龈卟啉单胞菌的平均比例（热牙周袋为 10.2%，冷牙周袋为 2.5%，p = 0.030）和红色/橙色复合牙周病原体的总比例（热牙周袋为 48.0%，冷牙周袋为 24.6%，p = 0.012）也更高。结论热牙周袋与冷牙周袋相比，深牙周袋中主要牙周病原体的含量明显更高。龈下温度测量可能有助于评估牙周炎恶化的风险和牙周治疗的效果。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of various beverages on characteristics of provisional restoration materials 各种饮料对临时修复材料特性的影响

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.842

Praween Wayakanon, Teeraphan Narakaew, Kornchanok Wayakanon

Objective

To investigate the effect of common beverages on four currently used provisional restoration materials: Protemp®4, Integrity®, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block, and acrylic resin. Flowable resin composite is included as a control group.

Materials and Methods

Each material was formed into disks of 10-mm diameter and 4-mm thickness (N = 40) by loading the material into acrylic molds. The exposed surface in the mold was covered using a glass slide to prevent an oxygen inhibition layer, and polymerization then proceeded. The solidified disks were placed in distilled water for 24 h. These samples (n = 8) were then immersed for 14 days in one of four different beverages: water, orange juice, cola, and coffee. Changes in color dimension, hardness, and roughness were observed and then analyzed using two-way repeated analysis of variance.

Results

The provisional materials had more obvious changes in all three color dimensions than the flowable resin composite. Integrity showed the biggest changes, followed by acrylic resin and PMMA block, whereas Protemp had the smallest changes. The hardness of all the materials significantly decreased after immersion in any of the beverages for 14 days. There were no changes in surface roughness when the materials were immersed in distilled water. The surface roughness of the PMMA block significantly decreased in orange juice whereas that of Integrity and acrylic resin significantly increased in cola.

Conclusion

Different kinds of provisional materials had different degrees of staining due to their composition. Moisture had a significant influence on the hardness of materials, and the acidity of cola significantly roughened the surface of the provisional materials.

目的研究常见饮料对目前使用的四种临时修复材料的影响：Protemp®4、Integrity®、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）块和丙烯酸树脂。可流动树脂复合材料作为对照组。材料和方法将每种材料装入丙烯酸模具中，制成直径为 10 毫米、厚度为 4 毫米的圆盘（N = 40）。模具中暴露的表面用玻璃片覆盖，以防止出现氧气抑制层，然后进行聚合。然后将这些样品（n = 8）在四种不同饮料（水、橙汁、可乐和咖啡）中浸泡 14 天。观察颜色尺寸、硬度和粗糙度的变化，然后进行双向重复方差分析。结果与可流动树脂复合材料相比，临时材料在所有三个颜色维度上的变化都更明显。完整性的变化最大，其次是丙烯酸树脂和 PMMA 块，而 Protemp 的变化最小。在任何一种饮料中浸泡 14 天后，所有材料的硬度都明显下降。将材料浸泡在蒸馏水中时，表面粗糙度没有变化。PMMA 块体在橙汁中的表面粗糙度明显下降，而 Integrity 和丙烯酸树脂在可乐中的表面粗糙度则明显上升。结论不同种类的临时材料因其成分不同而有不同程度的染色。水分对材料的硬度有很大影响，可乐的酸性使临时材料的表面明显粗糙。

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引用次数: 0

Systematic review on effects of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on brain activation assessed by fMRI 通过 fMRI 评估实验性正畸牙齿移位对大脑激活的影响的系统性综述

IF 1.8 Q3 Dentistry

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.879

Gelareh Sadvandi, Amir Ehsan Kianfar, Kathrin Becker, Alexander Heinzel, Michael Wolf, Sareh Said-Yekta Michael

Background

Orthodontic treatment is often accompanied by discomfort and pain in patients, which are believed to be a result of orthodontic tooth displacement caused by the mechanical forces exerted by the orthodontic appliances on the periodontal tissues. These lead to change blood oxygen level dependent response in related brain regions.

Objective

This systematic review aims to assess the impact of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on alterations in central nervous system activation assessed by tasked based and resting state fMRI.

Materials and Methods

A literature search was conducted using online databases, following PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. Selected studies utilized magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brain activity changes in healthy participants after the insertion of orthodontic appliances.

Results

The initial database screening resulted in 791 studies. Of these, 234 were duplicates and 547 were deemed irrelevant considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the ten remaining potential relevant studies, two were excluded during full-text screening. Eight prospective articles were eligible for further analysis. The included studies provided evidence of the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatment, pain perception, and brain function. All of the participants in the included studies employed orthodontic separators in short-term experiments to induce tooth displacement during the early stage of orthodontic treatment. Alterations in brain activation were observed in brain regions, functional connectivity and brain networks, predominantly affecting regions implicated in nociception (thalamus, insula), emotion (insula, frontal areas), and cognition (frontal areas, cerebellum, default mode network).

Conclusions

The results suggest that orthodontic treatment influences beyond the pain matrix and affects other brain regions including the limbic system. Furthermore, understanding the orthodontically induced brain activation can aid in development of targeted pain management strategies that do not adversely affect orthodontic tooth movement. Due to the moderate to serious risk of bias and the heterogeneity among the included studies, further clinical trials on this subject are recommended.

背景正畸治疗通常会给患者带来不适和疼痛，这被认为是正畸器械对牙周组织施加的机械力导致正畸牙齿移位的结果。这导致相关脑区的血氧水平依赖性反应发生变化。目的本系统综述旨在评估实验性正畸牙齿移位对基于任务和静息状态 fMRI 评估的中枢神经系统激活变化的影响。材料与方法按照 PRISMA 指南和 PICO 框架，使用在线数据库进行了文献检索。所选研究利用磁共振成像检查了健康参与者在安装正畸矫治器后大脑活动的变化。结果数据库初步筛选出 791 项研究。考虑到纳入和排除标准，其中 234 项为重复研究，547 项被视为无关研究。在剩余的 10 篇潜在相关研究中，有 2 篇在全文筛选时被排除。八篇前瞻性文章符合进一步分析的条件。纳入的研究为正畸治疗、痛觉和大脑功能之间错综复杂的相互作用提供了证据。在正畸治疗的早期阶段，所有纳入研究的参与者都在短期实验中使用了正畸分离器来诱导牙齿移位。在大脑区域、功能连接和大脑网络中观察到大脑激活的改变，主要影响与痛觉（丘脑、脑岛）、情绪（脑岛、额叶区）和认知（额叶区、小脑、默认模式网络）有关的区域。结论研究结果表明，正畸治疗的影响超出了疼痛矩阵，还会影响包括边缘系统在内的其他脑区。此外，了解正畸引起的大脑激活有助于制定有针对性的疼痛管理策略，从而不会对正畸牙齿的移动产生不利影响。由于存在中度到严重的偏倚风险以及所纳入研究之间的异质性，建议对该主题进行进一步的临床试验。

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引用次数: 0

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