Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among women at prior high risk for gestational diabetes with the hypothesis that women with MetS show more signs of periodontal disease than women without MetS.

Material and Methods

A total of 112 women from an original study cohort of 348 women at high risk of gestational diabetes were examined 4–6 years postpartum. Diagnosis of MetS was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III diagnostic criteria. Insulin resistance was approximated by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Full-mouth examinations and panoramic radiographs provided the total dental index, number of teeth, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. Clinical examination assessed bleeding on probing, probing depth, visible plaque index, signs of infection, and clinical attachment levels. The periodontal inflammatory burden index (PIBI) was also calculated. Information on oral health habits, symptoms, and individual opinions on oral health was collected through questionnaires.

Results

Five years after delivery, 21% of the women had MetS, and they had more gingivitis compared to those without MetS (bleeding on probing: 52% and 44%, p = 0.011). Women with MetS tended to have more periodontitis than those without (39% and 25%, p = 0.13). A high PIBI correlated with insulin resistance (partial correlation of PIBI and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance: 0.25 p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Periodontal disease was associated with insulin resistance and MetS in women at prior high risk of developing gestational diabetes.

Objectives

Understanding human tooth structure fluorescence aids clinical and forensic dentistry, enabling tissue/material differentiation and the creation of esthetic restorative materials. Material manufacturers seek to replicate natural tooth fluorescence, necessitating the development of novel techniques to detect them. Procuring human teeth for research is challenging due to ethical and infection control standards, prompting a search for alternative models.

Material and Methods

This study compares visible light-induced fluorescence of porcine and human teeth to assess the value of porcine teeth as human analogs. Using a pulsed laser, an optimal fluorescence-inducing wavelength was determined, followed by comparing fluorescence spectra between species.

Results

Luminescence sensitivity and lifetimes were comparable between species, but spectral geometry differed.

Conclusion

Porcine teeth, commonly used for dental material investigations, may not be suitable for dental fluorescence studies due to spectral differences. Accurately mimicking human tooth fluorescence remains complex. Further research is needed to develop reliable alternatives for dental fluorescence investigations that will advance clinical and forensic dentistry.

Objectives

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disease in which the patient experiences a burning sensation in the oral mucosa without any pathological cause. Opiorphin is a pentapeptide that prevents pain and can have an antidepressant effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary opiorphin concentration in BMS and healthy subjects. In addition, opiorphin concentration in BMS patients before and after psychiatric treatment was compared and the association between burning severity and psychiatric scores with salivary opiorphin concentration was examined.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study included 28 BMS patients and 40 healthy individuals referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad, from September 2018 to August 2019. Patients with proven disease based on clinical and psychiatric examinations were included in the study. Unstimulated salivary opiorphin levels were assessed by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.

Results

Salivary opiorphin levels were significantly higher in BMS patients (2.16 ± 0.30 ng/mL) than in healthy subjects (1.80 ± 0.36 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Opiorphin levels in BMS patients increased insignificantly after psychiatric therapy (p = 0.212). In addition, there was no significant association between opiorphin levels and age, gender, menopause, burning severity, anxiety, and depression status.

Conclusions

The opiorphin concentration in saliva is higher in BMS patients than in healthy subjects. Most BMS patients also suffer from anxiety and depression.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the effects of local and systemic metronidazole in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

In this randomized clinical study, 30 patients (3 teeth per patient) were treated in three groups: scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment alone, metronidazole tablet as adjunctive treatment, and metronidazole gel as adjunctive treatment. BOP (bleeding on probing), PPD (pocket probing depth), and CAL (clinical attachment level) data were collected at the beginning and 3 months later. Collected data were tested by Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results

BOP, CAL, and PPD levels were significantly different at the beginning of treatment and after 3 months, and this was true for all treatments. BOP, CAL, and PPD levels did not differ significantly between the three groups after the treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The effectiveness of these methods was all equal and SRP is still considered as the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings. Chronic periodontitis is a progressive disease that can cause tooth loss. The accepted treatment is SRP. Antibiotics used systemically can penetrate the depth of the periodontal pockets but have several side effects. Hence, using a less complicated medicinal form as a topical gel as adjunctive therapy in treating chronic periodontitis can be more effective.

Trial Registration: Iranian clinical trial https://en.irct.ir/: IRCT20210408050898N1

Objectives

Peri-implantitis (PI) is the most common biological issue surrounding dental implants. According to current knowledge, the aforementioned complication is not equally distributed across different populations, and gene polymorphisms might be one contributing factor. The current study aimed to examine the association between gene polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1, -2, -3, -7, and -13 with PI in an Iranian demographic.

Material and Methods

The study's sample included 50 subjects suffering from PI and 89 healthy controls. From each participant, a venous blood sample of 5 cc was obtained, and DNA was extracted. Gene polymorphisms were investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) combined with electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were done using the Pearson chi-square test, odds ratio, and t-test via SPSS version 28.

Results

The MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) and MMP-7 (-181 A/G) gene polymorphisms were significantly different between the patients with PI and healthy controls (PV < 0.001 and =0.025, respectively). MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306 C/T), and MMP-13 (-77 A/G) gene polymorphisms did not, however, differ in terms of prevalence between the two groups (PV > 0.05). Moreover, the presence of the 6 A allele in the MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) genotype resulted in a significant decrease in PI risk (PV < 0.001).

Conclusions

Gene polymorphisms in the genotypes of MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) and MMP-7 (-181 A/G) were differential when comparing PI patients and healthy controls of the studied population.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate potential differences in biofilm accumulation on three different implant surfaces: turned surface (TS), modified surface (MS), and modified surface treated with implantoplasty (IPS), using a within-subject comparison.

Material and Methods

Ten volunteers wore individualized splints containing three titanium implants with different surfaces (TS, MS, and IPS) on each buccal side of the splint. The implant position (anterior, central, and posterior) was randomly assigned among the three implants on each side. Volunteers were instructed to wear the splint for 72 h and to remove it only for eating, drinking, and performing standard oral hygiene; the splint itself was not cleaned. After 72 h, the implants were carefully removed from the splint, and the accumulated biofilm was assessed using a crystal violet assay by measuring intensity/absorbance at 570 nm.

Results

All volunteers reported no deviations from the instructions. The lowest mean amount of biofilm (0.405 ± 0.07) was detected on implants of the IPS group, followed by implants of the MS (0.463 ± 0.06) and TS group (0.467 ± 0.07). A multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis confirmed that implants of the IPS group accumulated a significantly lower amount of biofilm than the other surfaces (p < 0.001); however, no significant difference was detected between implants of the TS and MS groups (p = 0.806).

Conclusions

Implantoplasty can generate a surface significantly less conducive to biofilm accumulation in the short term compared to pristine implants with turned or modified surfaces.

Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT06049121.

Objectives

Bone density is an important factor for long-term implant success. Peri-implant bone density evaluation before implant placement can be useful for treatment planning, such as the selection of proper implant size or drilling protocol in each case. In this study, we aimed to establish an objective intraoperative bone density evaluation method by measuring the drilling torque value using a newly designed density measurement drill.

Materials and Methods

Drilling torque value measurement was performed intraoperatively using three types of drills; two previously reported drills and a newly designed drill as a density measurement drill. Polyurethane bone blocks of different densities (D1–D4) were used in this experiment. After the measurement, implants were inserted based on the scheduled plan, and insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured to assess primary implant stability.

Results

The drilling torque value increased with the bone blocks' density, and there were significant differences among different densities in all groups (p < 0.05). The drilling torque value showed a positive correlation with IT in all groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the drilling torque value increased with the increase in ISQ in all groups.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, a newly designed density measurement drill was able to classify D1–D4 in polyurethane bone blocks despite its narrow diameter, and an objective intraoperative bone evaluation can be achieved. An intraoperative assessment of the drilling torque value can predict primary implant stability and provide valuable information for intraoperative treatment planning, such as undersized drilling protocol and implant size change.

Objectives

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging field in dentistry. AI is gradually being integrated into dentistry to improve clinical dental practice. The aims of this scoping review were to investigate the application of AI in image analysis for decision-making in clinical dentistry and identify trends and research gaps in the current literature.

Material and Methods

This review followed the guidelines provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). An electronic literature search was performed through PubMed and Scopus. After removing duplicates, a preliminary screening based on titles and abstracts was performed. A full-text review and analysis were performed according to predefined inclusion criteria, and data were extracted from eligible articles.

Results

Of the 1334 articles returned, 276 met the inclusion criteria (consisting of 601,122 images in total) and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most of the included studies utilized convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on dental radiographs such as orthopantomograms (OPGs) and intraoral radiographs (bitewings and periapicals). AI was applied across all fields of dentistry - particularly oral medicine, oral surgery, and orthodontics - for direct clinical inference and segmentation. AI-based image analysis was use in several components of the clinical decision-making process, including diagnosis, detection or classification, prediction, and management.

Conclusions

A variety of machine learning and deep learning techniques are being used for dental image analysis to assist clinicians in making accurate diagnoses and choosing appropriate interventions in a timely manner.

Objectives

One of the primary objectives in endodontics is to achieve thorough cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system during an endodontic procedure. This aims to reduce microbial contamination and prevent the development of endodontic lesions. To attain this goal, it is imperative to establish access to the endodontic space that allows for the complete removal of pulp tissue and the accurate identification of canal orifices while preserving the anatomical integrity of the root floor and pulp chamber as much as possible. In this scoping review, we aim to explore aspects related to the identification of canal orifices and the presence of pulp debris and residues during endodontic treatment. Specifically, we aim to assess whether and to what extent the design of the access cavity impacts these factors.

Material and Methods

The scoping review was conducted and prepared following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews [PRISMA-ScR]).

Results

The search yielded a total of 3697 bibliographic sources. After eliminating duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, only 10 studies were included.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, includes 10 studies and suggests a potential trend: conservative techniques may generate more debris, whereas guided techniques exhibit superior precision in locating canal openings.