Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献

Objectives

Among the minimally invasive techniques for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) is dry needling, which can be used as a potential treatment method. This study aims to review current knowledge to understand the impact of dry needling on treating TMDs.

Methods

This systematic review was carried out in alignment with the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search was done on the studies published between 2000 and 2024. Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was applied to evaluate the risk of bias.

Results

A total of 673 studies were identified. Among these, 245 articles were assessed for eligibility; ultimately, 10 studies were made up of the final review. These studies evaluated several outcome measures, the most common of which were: the visual analog scale (VAS), verbal rating scale (VRS), electromyography (EMG), extent of mouth opening, pain symptomatology, myofascial trigger point pain, sonographic measurements, bilateral muscle palpation with a pressure algometer, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and mandibular mobility. Most RCTs had a low risk of bias.

Conclusion

The findings consistently underscore the role of dry needling (DN) and other adjunctive therapies in improving clinical outcomes, particularly pain reduction and functional improvement.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the whitening effect, shear bond strength (SBS), microhardness, and microstructure of discolored resin brackets following whitening treatment with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP).

Material and Methods

Resin brackets were bonded to the enamel surface and discolored with a curry solution. Control (distilled water; DW) and experimental solutions of 8.7%, 17.5%, and 35% HP were applied to the discolored resin brackets for 15 min. Resin brackets were then stored in DW for a week by repeating this whitening process three times. The whitening efficacy was evaluated according to the ISO 28399:2011. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. The microhardness and microstructure of the resin brackets were observed using a microhardness tester and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). All the results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's post-hoc test (p = 0.05).

Results

All the experimental groups demonstrated a significant whitening effect on the discolored resin brackets compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Especially, 35% HP showed faster color changes than the other groups (p < 0.05). The microhardness of the resin bracket was significantly lower in 35% HP compared to the control group (p < 0.05). FE-SEM analysis revealed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups.

Conclusions

HP application at concentrations of > 8.7% and < 17.5% is effective in whitening discolored resin brackets while not deteriorating the SBS, surface hardness, and microstructure. Dental clinicians can safely use HP within the recommended range to achieve effective esthetic outcomes without compromising bracket performance and durability.

Objective

Through a scoping review, this study meticulously mapped and characterized these nanostructured clays used to release antibacterial active compounds from direct restorative dental materials.

Material and Methods

The systematic approach involved searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases. Two independent and calibrated researchers (kappa: 0.94) performed all systematic steps according to the PRISMA guideline and the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology Group (JBI) protocol. The reviewers developed a data extraction table to gather key information.

Results

A total of 782 articles were retrieved in the initial search using the specified strategies. After thoroughly reviewing the manuscripts, five were selected following the exclusion of duplicates and application of eligibility criteria. Montmorillonite and halloysite nanotubes emerged as the predominant nanostructured clay. Cetylpyridinium chloride was the most common active agent, notable for its antibacterial properties. Resin-based composites were the most frequently studied direct restorative material for the prevention of recurrent caries.

Conclusion

Although the number of primary studies published in the literature was limited, montmorillonite and halloysite nanotubes appear to be promising nanocarriers for antibacterial active compounds in direct restorative dental materials.

Objectives

This study was performed to identify the characteristics of oral and maxillofacial injuries in children and determine factors influencing a treatment duration of more than 1 month using medical records.

Material and Methods

This retrospective observational study reviewed medical records of 258 children (< 16 years of age) with maxillofacial trauma treated at a university hospital between 2011 and 2021. Patients with and without tooth fractures or dislocations were compared, and the prevalence of injuries was analyzed across three age groups (0–2, 3–5, ≥ 6 years). Long (> 1 month) and short (< 1 month) treatment durations were compared, and independent predictive factors for prolonged treatment were identified.

Results

Tooth injuries were observed in 204 (79.1%) patients. Deciduous central incisors in the primary dentition and central incisors in the permanent dentition were the most commonly affected. Soft tissue injuries occurred in 165 (64.0%) patients, while maxillofacial fractures were present in 7 (2.7%). Tooth fractures significantly increased with age (p < 0.001), while dislocations showed no age-related differences. Logistic regression revealed that maxillofacial fractures, tooth fractures, and two or more dislocated teeth were independent predictors of prolonged treatment, with odds ratios of 14.666 (1.625–132.359), 2.411 (1.099–5.287), and 2.350 (1.208–4.570), respectively.

Conclusions

Maxillofacial fractures, multiple tooth dislocations, and tooth fractures were confirmed as key factors influencing longer treatment durations. These findings may assist in the early management of maxillofacial injuries and improve communication with pediatric patients and their families.

Objectives

This umbrella meta-analysis aimed to answer the clinical question: Do mini-screws and micro-implants improve specific orthodontic outcomes such as intermolar width, interpremolar width, suture expansion, molar movement, and skeletal width compared to conventional anchorage methods?

Materials and Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to October 2024. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on mini-screws and micro-implants in orthodontic treatment were included. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2, and a random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic and Cochrane's Q-test, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses conducted to identify sources of heterogeneity.

Results

Eleven meta-analyses comprising 50 data sets were included. The results indicated that mini-screws significantly increased intermolar width (ES: 2.61 mm, 95% CI: 0.29–4.92, p = 0.02) and skeletal width (ES: 3.33 mm, 95% CI: 1.37–5.29, p = 0.001). However, no significant impact was found on interpremolar width or alveolar width before and after MARPE. Micro-implants significantly reduced molar movement (ES: −1.13 mm, 95% CI: −1.99 to −0.26, p = 0.01). Substantial heterogeneity was noted across several outcomes (I² > 50%), which persisted despite subgroup analyses.

Conclusion

Mini-screws and micro-implants enhance skeletal and intermolar width and control molar movement in orthodontic treatment. However, their effects on other outcomes are inconsistent, warranting further high-quality studies to strengthen clinical recommendations.

Trial Registration: PROSPERRO (CRD42023447137).

Objectives

Due to ozonated water's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, it may be used as a supplementary treatment to scaling and root planing (SRP). The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of using ozonated water instead of tap water during the SRP for people with chronic generalized periodontitis.

Material and Methods

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients with generalized periodontitis Stages I and II, randomly allocated to two groups. Test sites were subjected to ozonated water, and control sites were subjected to tap water. The clinical periodontal parameters were measured at baseline, the 4th, and 8th week of treatment.

Results

Findings showed a significant decrease in periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI) at both the 4th and the 8th week of treatment in both groups. PPD was further reduced in the test group, but the difference between the two groups was not significant. However, the greater reduction of CAL at the 4th and 8th week (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and also the greater reduction of GI at the 4th week (p = 0.01) was observed in the test group.

Conclusions

Both the test and control groups showed clinical improvement following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The ozonated water group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in CAL at the 4th and 8th weeks, and in GI at the 4th week. However, the magnitude of these differences was modest and may have limited clinical relevance. Further research is needed to confirm long-term outcomes.

Objectives

Oral health is an important aspect of quality of life for older people, especially those with dementia. The impact of an active oral hygiene program on the oral microbiome was explored in a group of older participants (average age 84 years old) with dementia against a separate control group whose oral hygiene followed the status quo.

Materials and Methods

The oral cavity bacteriomes and mycobiomes were assessed from swabs of cheek, gum, and tongue surfaces. Samples were collected at the beginning and end of a 6-week study period, and bacterial and fungal community profiles were determined by short-read metabarcode sequencing of 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, respectively.

Results

The predominant bacteria were found to be in order of abundance: Streptococcus, Cellulosimicrobium, Rothia, Veillonella, Prevotella, Actinomyces, and species that belonged to the families Lactobacillaceae and Gemellaceae. Similarly, common fungal species belonged to Saccharomyces and the Candida-Lodderomyces clade. The intensive oral hygiene program did not affect bacterial or fungal taxa distributions. A minor reduction in bacterial species richness (15%–20%) was observed post-intervention in both groups. Mycobiome outcomes varied by sampling sites, unlike bacterial communities, which were relatively homogenous. Participant differences, potentially individual health status, genetics, and other personal factors, explained most data set variations (70%–78% of the variance), with the experimental design accounting for about 2%.

Conclusions

To enable an alteration of oral cavity communities that may improve overall oral health and mitigate infectious disease risks in older people, especially those in residential care, targeted and specific hygiene approaches may be needed for the purposes of assessing effectiveness at the microbiological level. Future research should focus on developing and testing such targeted strategies to mitigate infectious disease risks and enhance the quality of life for older individuals, particularly those in residential care settings.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the burden of untreated caries in deciduous and permanent teeth in China from 1990 to 2019 and projects its future trends through 2039.

Materials and Methods

Data on the burden of caries in primary and permanent teeth in China between 1990 and 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study to assess the current burden of untreated caries. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was estimated using a joinpoint regression model to evaluate temporal trends in the burden of untreated caries. A Bayesian age–period–cohort model was applied to project the burden of untreated caries between 2019 and 2039.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of untreated caries in deciduous teeth in China increased by 6.8%, with an AAPC of 0.22 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.15–0.22, p < 0.05). The ASIR of caries in permanent teeth decreased by 1.3%, with an AAPC of −0.05 (95% CI: −0.04 to −0.05, p < 0.05). The highest incidence of caries in primary teeth was observed in the 0–4 age group, whereas the highest ASIR of caries in permanent teeth was observed in the 20–24 age group. No significant sex differences were found in the incidence rates of caries in either dentition. Projections from 2020 to 2039 indicate an upward trend in the ASIR of caries in both deciduous and permanent teeth.

Conclusions

Over the past 30 years, the burden of dental caries in China has increased significantly. Projections indicate that the ASIR of dental caries will continue to increase. Therefore, appropriate prevention and control strategies are required to reduce the burden of caries in the Chinese population.

Objectives

Dental trauma is a frequent injury in contact sports such as handball an basketball. This study aimed to evaluate preventive measures in dental traumatology and assess the knowledge of medical teams in elite German handball and basketball.

Material and Methods

From March to June 2024, supervisors of 1st and 2nd German Bundesliga handball (HB) and basketball (BB) teams were invited via email to complete an online questionnaire (Socey Survey). The survey addressed preventive measures, management of dental and dentoalveolar trauma, the importance of education, and behavioral guidelines.

Results

A total of 31 of 165 supervisors participated (response rate 19%; HB: 42% [n = 28], BB: 3% [n = 3]). Analyses focused on HB due to the limited number of BB responses. Most HB supervisors (82%) reported checking tetanus immunization status. Although 39% recommended sports mouthguards, only 15% of players used them. During the 2022/2023 season, 29% of HB teams reported at least one dental trauma. Although 96% recognized the need for immediate dental care in pulp-involved trauma, only 64% were aware of dental rescue boxes, and 46% lacked one on the pitch. Clear differences were observed between leagues: 82% of 1st Bundesliga teams had a rescue box compared to 11% in the 2nd Bundesliga. Mouthguard use was also more common in the 1st Bundesliga.

Conclusions

In elite German handball, dental trauma prevention focuses primarily on tetanus vaccination, whereas sports mouthguards and dental rescue boxes receive less attention. Targeted education and awareness campaigns for coaches and players may improve the prevention, management, and treatment of dental injuries.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with Curcumin (Curcuma longa L.) or Açai (Euterpe oleracea) versus a commercial treatment and photobiomodulation in rat palatal wounds.

Methods

In vitro cell viability tests assessed nanoparticle toxicity. The animals were initially anesthetized, and circular lesions were created in the palatine mucosa using a 4 mm/diameter punch. The first treatment session commenced 24 h after the injury and continued daily for 5 days. Twenty-four hours after the final treatment, the animals were euthanized, and the palatal mucosa tissue was collected for histological and biochemical analyses.

Results

AgNPs-Cur significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidant markers, increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, the wound contraction rate, and the collagen area, and reduced the inflammatory infiltrate compared to the controls.

Conclusion

The therapies effectively aided inflammation resolution and accelerated tissue repair. This study highlights potential cost-effective and efficient alternatives for oral and palatal mucosa wound healing, improving upon standard commercial treatments.