Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-015
Georgios Xekalakis, D. Pitilakis, Giulio Zuccaro, P. Christou
This article introduces the "Pre-seismic Survey Form for Masonry" (PRISM), a simplified tool for evaluating masonry structures. It aims to be user-friendly for both experienced surveyors and beginners. The primary objective is to develop PRISM as an efficient means of gathering relevant data that influences the diverse behaviors exhibited by masonry structures, covering both structural and non-structural aspects. PRISM's development involves a parametric method for identifying critical parameters by analyzing drift results from the response spectrum and horizontal static analyses. These analyses are performed on common masonry structures in European Mediterranean nations. The study investigates various factors, including facade openings, materials around openings, wall thickness, ground type, ground acceleration (g), and principal structural material. By examining 300 2D models created in SAP2000, correlations in structural responses are established. The findings of the parametric analysis significantly enrich the qualitative and quantitative comprehension of structural responses. This advancement contributes to the contemporary knowledge of prevalent masonry structures within European Mediterranean regions. The PRISM survey form employs a numeric rating scale format. Notably, PRISM enables surveyors to access field results, minimizing reliance on computers quickly. The form's design also ensures accessibility and data reliability, making it universally applicable while maintaining simplicity. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-015 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Parametric Analysis of Horizontal Static and Dynamic Behavior in Different Types of Masonry Structures","authors":"Georgios Xekalakis, D. Pitilakis, Giulio Zuccaro, P. Christou","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-015","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the \"Pre-seismic Survey Form for Masonry\" (PRISM), a simplified tool for evaluating masonry structures. It aims to be user-friendly for both experienced surveyors and beginners. The primary objective is to develop PRISM as an efficient means of gathering relevant data that influences the diverse behaviors exhibited by masonry structures, covering both structural and non-structural aspects. PRISM's development involves a parametric method for identifying critical parameters by analyzing drift results from the response spectrum and horizontal static analyses. These analyses are performed on common masonry structures in European Mediterranean nations. The study investigates various factors, including facade openings, materials around openings, wall thickness, ground type, ground acceleration (g), and principal structural material. By examining 300 2D models created in SAP2000, correlations in structural responses are established. The findings of the parametric analysis significantly enrich the qualitative and quantitative comprehension of structural responses. This advancement contributes to the contemporary knowledge of prevalent masonry structures within European Mediterranean regions. The PRISM survey form employs a numeric rating scale format. Notably, PRISM enables surveyors to access field results, minimizing reliance on computers quickly. The form's design also ensures accessibility and data reliability, making it universally applicable while maintaining simplicity. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-015 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-03
Lam Thi Kieu Trinh, N. Giao
E-waste is generating rapidly, potentially causing risks to the environment and public health. Formal collection and recycling are necessary to reduce risk and exploit the value of e-waste. This study was conducted to assess factors affecting the willingness to hand over (WTH) and the willingness to pay (WTP) for the recycling e-waste cost of young consumers in Vietnam. The methods of descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data of 403 interviewed students. The research results show that a high percentage of students were willing to hand over and willing to pay the cost of recycling. According to the results of the regression analysis, WTH was mainly influenced by the attitude towards recycling. Students highly assessed the importance of environmental considerations, recycling costs, convenience, and information security. Meanwhile, students seriously lack knowledge about policies, legal regulations, and information about e-waste collection and treatment programs. This knowledge factor had a major impact on students' willingness to pay for recycling costs. This study makes a meaningful contribution to the scarce data source on electronic waste in Vietnam. Dissemination of information and establishment of e-waste collection points are essential solutions that need to be taken to promote participation in e-waste recycling. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-03 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Evaluating Willingness to Pay for E-Waste Recycling in Vietnam","authors":"Lam Thi Kieu Trinh, N. Giao","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-03","url":null,"abstract":"E-waste is generating rapidly, potentially causing risks to the environment and public health. Formal collection and recycling are necessary to reduce risk and exploit the value of e-waste. This study was conducted to assess factors affecting the willingness to hand over (WTH) and the willingness to pay (WTP) for the recycling e-waste cost of young consumers in Vietnam. The methods of descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data of 403 interviewed students. The research results show that a high percentage of students were willing to hand over and willing to pay the cost of recycling. According to the results of the regression analysis, WTH was mainly influenced by the attitude towards recycling. Students highly assessed the importance of environmental considerations, recycling costs, convenience, and information security. Meanwhile, students seriously lack knowledge about policies, legal regulations, and information about e-waste collection and treatment programs. This knowledge factor had a major impact on students' willingness to pay for recycling costs. This study makes a meaningful contribution to the scarce data source on electronic waste in Vietnam. Dissemination of information and establishment of e-waste collection points are essential solutions that need to be taken to promote participation in e-waste recycling. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-03 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-08
Mostafa Shaaban, W. Edris, Essam Odah, Mohamed Salah Ezz, Abd Al-Kader A. Al-Sayed
Multiple studies have investigated the influence of recycled aggregates derived from concrete waste on the efficacy of structural concrete manufactured in recent times. By utilizing recycled aggregates obtained from construction and demolition debris, it is possible to safeguard natural aggregate resources, reduce the demand for landfill space, and promote the utilization of sustainable building materials. However, compared to natural aggregate, bonded cement mortar on recycled concrete aggregate exhibits higher porosity, greater water absorption capacity, and lower strength. The mechanical and durability characteristics of freshly poured and hardened concrete made from recycled concrete aggregate are adversely affected as a result. This study presents comprehensive experimental research aimed at examining the residual mechanical properties and resistance to acid attack of normal and high-strength mixes of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) using the compressible packing model. Recycled aggregate was employed as both coarse and fine aggregate. The recycled concrete samples were prepared in a manner that corresponded to the proportions of both the coarse and fine aggregates. Twelve mixtures were designed and cast, and their performance was evaluated based on various strength parameters (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength) as well as acid attack resistance properties (porosity and ultrasonic pulse velocity). The findings indicate that recycled concrete aggregate can be utilized in the production of high-strength concrete, with mechanical property values that are significantly acceptable compared to concrete containing natural aggregates. Moreover, the addition of Silica Fume as a cement replacement in concrete plays a crucial role in enhancing sulphate resistance. In terms of concrete product utilization, recycled concrete and its significance in this study played a crucial role in environmental preservation. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-08 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"A Green Way of Producing High Strength Concrete Utilizing Recycled Concrete","authors":"Mostafa Shaaban, W. Edris, Essam Odah, Mohamed Salah Ezz, Abd Al-Kader A. Al-Sayed","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-08","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple studies have investigated the influence of recycled aggregates derived from concrete waste on the efficacy of structural concrete manufactured in recent times. By utilizing recycled aggregates obtained from construction and demolition debris, it is possible to safeguard natural aggregate resources, reduce the demand for landfill space, and promote the utilization of sustainable building materials. However, compared to natural aggregate, bonded cement mortar on recycled concrete aggregate exhibits higher porosity, greater water absorption capacity, and lower strength. The mechanical and durability characteristics of freshly poured and hardened concrete made from recycled concrete aggregate are adversely affected as a result. This study presents comprehensive experimental research aimed at examining the residual mechanical properties and resistance to acid attack of normal and high-strength mixes of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) using the compressible packing model. Recycled aggregate was employed as both coarse and fine aggregate. The recycled concrete samples were prepared in a manner that corresponded to the proportions of both the coarse and fine aggregates. Twelve mixtures were designed and cast, and their performance was evaluated based on various strength parameters (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength) as well as acid attack resistance properties (porosity and ultrasonic pulse velocity). The findings indicate that recycled concrete aggregate can be utilized in the production of high-strength concrete, with mechanical property values that are significantly acceptable compared to concrete containing natural aggregates. Moreover, the addition of Silica Fume as a cement replacement in concrete plays a crucial role in enhancing sulphate resistance. In terms of concrete product utilization, recycled concrete and its significance in this study played a crucial role in environmental preservation. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-08 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-013
Yasameen F. Al-Abayechi, A. S. Al-Khafaji
The environmental and energy factor is one of the important factors that most studies have focused on in the field of sustainability, especially in light of the increasing population growth rates and the accompanying increase in consumption and environmental pollution rates. This paper focuses on presenting several different theories and models of urban sustainability for the purpose of identifying the overall factors that constitute it. Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) allows knowledge of the relationships and the strength of influence between these factors. The paper focuses on studying the environmental and energy factors and their impact on other sustainability factors. As most researchers resort to descriptive methods and measures in discussing the subject. The paper aims to adopt models and quantitative measures to determine the factors and indicators of urban sustainability and to clarify the importance, variation, and interdependence between these factors and indicators, adopting the hypothesis that structural equation modeling provides highly reliable tools through which sustainability factors, their relationships, and the mutual influence between them can be measured using the analysis of moment structures (AMOS) program. The result shows that the environmental and energy factors are highly related to the urban design factor (6.0). Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-013 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Forecasting the Impact of the Environmental and Energy Factor to Improve Urban Sustainability by Using (SEM)","authors":"Yasameen F. Al-Abayechi, A. S. Al-Khafaji","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-013","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental and energy factor is one of the important factors that most studies have focused on in the field of sustainability, especially in light of the increasing population growth rates and the accompanying increase in consumption and environmental pollution rates. This paper focuses on presenting several different theories and models of urban sustainability for the purpose of identifying the overall factors that constitute it. Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) allows knowledge of the relationships and the strength of influence between these factors. The paper focuses on studying the environmental and energy factors and their impact on other sustainability factors. As most researchers resort to descriptive methods and measures in discussing the subject. The paper aims to adopt models and quantitative measures to determine the factors and indicators of urban sustainability and to clarify the importance, variation, and interdependence between these factors and indicators, adopting the hypothesis that structural equation modeling provides highly reliable tools through which sustainability factors, their relationships, and the mutual influence between them can be measured using the analysis of moment structures (AMOS) program. The result shows that the environmental and energy factors are highly related to the urban design factor (6.0). Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-013 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-09
A. Husin, Priyawan Priyawan, B. D. Kussumardianadewi, Rizkiawan Pangestu, Riza S. Prawina, K. Kristiyanto, Eka Juni Arif
Climate change is a threat and crisis that hit the world today; one of them is causing drought, rising sea levels, melting polar ice, and heat waves; therefore, the target towards Net Zero Emission (NZE) in 2060 must be an obligation in all countries. Green Building (GB) is a building that meets Building Technical Standards, and has demonstrated demonstrable success in conserving resources such as water, energy, and other resources. The application of GB principles following the function and classification in every stage of their implementation is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This research aims to analyze the cost of improvement work based on GB assessment in applying the Technical Guidelines from Minister of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) No. 1 of 2022, which is the latest regulation in Indonesia. The blockchain-BIM method and the implementation of the GB component will be analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to find the most influential factors. The results of this study show that by applying Blockchain-BIM to overcome the cost constraints, it is proven to be able to increase the cost performance of GB in modern shopping center buildings by 3–3.8% in the Basic rating, while for other ratings, it is 0.5–2.1% higher, where the selection of a renewable energy model is very influential. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-09 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Renewable Energy Approach with Indonesian Regulation Guide Uses Blockchain-BIM to Green Cost Performance","authors":"A. Husin, Priyawan Priyawan, B. D. Kussumardianadewi, Rizkiawan Pangestu, Riza S. Prawina, K. Kristiyanto, Eka Juni Arif","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-09","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a threat and crisis that hit the world today; one of them is causing drought, rising sea levels, melting polar ice, and heat waves; therefore, the target towards Net Zero Emission (NZE) in 2060 must be an obligation in all countries. Green Building (GB) is a building that meets Building Technical Standards, and has demonstrated demonstrable success in conserving resources such as water, energy, and other resources. The application of GB principles following the function and classification in every stage of their implementation is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This research aims to analyze the cost of improvement work based on GB assessment in applying the Technical Guidelines from Minister of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) No. 1 of 2022, which is the latest regulation in Indonesia. The blockchain-BIM method and the implementation of the GB component will be analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to find the most influential factors. The results of this study show that by applying Blockchain-BIM to overcome the cost constraints, it is proven to be able to increase the cost performance of GB in modern shopping center buildings by 3–3.8% in the Basic rating, while for other ratings, it is 0.5–2.1% higher, where the selection of a renewable energy model is very influential. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-09 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-012
Gunawan Saroji, M. A. Berawi, Dillan Satyagama, M. Sari, Bambang Susantono, Roy Woodhead
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) projects are increasingly recognized as vital components of sustainable urban planning, aiming to create compact, walkable, and mixed-use communities centered around high-quality public transportation systems. However, implementing TOD projects poses significant challenges, especially in land acquisition and redistribution. This research addresses these issues in the context of the MRT Jakarta project and proposes a land readjustment approach as a potential solution. The study combined qualitative and quantitative methods to compare existing and ideal land use in the TOD area and benchmark successful TOD models from different countries. A comprehensive financial analysis was performed to assess the potential financial impacts of the proposed model. The analysis reveals differences between the existing land use in the Fatmawati TOD area and the ideal TOD model, suggesting the need for adjustments to achieve better land use diversity and economic vibrancy. The financial analysis demonstrates positive feasibility for the TOD project, surpassing the minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) threshold. However, the potential value of the reserved area covers only 16% of the total land readjustment (LR) costs, indicating the necessity for further measures to enhance financial feasibility. The study proposes leveraging existing apartment buildings as temporary relocation sites, optimizing resources, and increasing overall financial viability to address substantial relocation costs. Exploring different property redistribution scenarios reveals the importance of balancing landowners' benefits with the developer's financial feasibility for a successful TOD project. Overall, this research provides valuable insights and a comprehensive framework for implementing thriving and sustainable transit-oriented communities in Jakarta. Further research and collaboration among stakeholders are essential to refine the proposed model and ensure successful TOD project implementation in the future. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-012 Full Text: PDF
以公共交通为导向的发展（TOD）项目越来越被认为是可持续城市规划的重要组成部分，其目的是围绕高质量的公共交通系统创建紧凑、适宜步行和混合使用的社区。然而，实施 TOD 项目面临着巨大的挑战，尤其是在土地征用和重新分配方面。本研究以雅加达地铁项目为背景，探讨了这些问题，并提出了一种土地调整方法作为潜在的解决方案。研究结合了定性和定量方法，比较了 TOD 区域现有和理想的土地使用情况，并以不同国家成功的 TOD 模式为基准。研究还进行了全面的财务分析，以评估拟议模式的潜在财务影响。分析结果显示，法特马瓦蒂 TOD 地区的现有土地利用与理想的 TOD 模式存在差异，表明需要进行调整，以实现更好的土地利用多样性和经济活力。财务分析表明 TOD 项目具有积极的可行性，超过了最低有吸引力回报率（MARR）阈值。然而，预留区域的潜在价值仅占土地调整（LR）总成本的 16%，这表明有必要采取进一步措施来提高财务可行性。研究建议利用现有公寓楼作为临时搬迁地，优化资源，提高整体财务可行性，以解决巨额搬迁成本问题。对不同物业重新分配方案的探讨揭示了平衡土地所有者利益与开发商财务可行性对成功实施 TOD 项目的重要性。总之，这项研究为在雅加达实施繁荣和可持续的公交导向型社区提供了宝贵的见解和全面的框架。进一步的研究和利益相关者之间的合作对于完善所建议的模型和确保未来 TOD 项目的成功实施至关重要。Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-012 全文：PDF
{"title":"Land Readjustment Model for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Projects: Generating Optimal Financial Benefits","authors":"Gunawan Saroji, M. A. Berawi, Dillan Satyagama, M. Sari, Bambang Susantono, Roy Woodhead","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-012","url":null,"abstract":"Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) projects are increasingly recognized as vital components of sustainable urban planning, aiming to create compact, walkable, and mixed-use communities centered around high-quality public transportation systems. However, implementing TOD projects poses significant challenges, especially in land acquisition and redistribution. This research addresses these issues in the context of the MRT Jakarta project and proposes a land readjustment approach as a potential solution. The study combined qualitative and quantitative methods to compare existing and ideal land use in the TOD area and benchmark successful TOD models from different countries. A comprehensive financial analysis was performed to assess the potential financial impacts of the proposed model. The analysis reveals differences between the existing land use in the Fatmawati TOD area and the ideal TOD model, suggesting the need for adjustments to achieve better land use diversity and economic vibrancy. The financial analysis demonstrates positive feasibility for the TOD project, surpassing the minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) threshold. However, the potential value of the reserved area covers only 16% of the total land readjustment (LR) costs, indicating the necessity for further measures to enhance financial feasibility. The study proposes leveraging existing apartment buildings as temporary relocation sites, optimizing resources, and increasing overall financial viability to address substantial relocation costs. Exploring different property redistribution scenarios reveals the importance of balancing landowners' benefits with the developer's financial feasibility for a successful TOD project. Overall, this research provides valuable insights and a comprehensive framework for implementing thriving and sustainable transit-oriented communities in Jakarta. Further research and collaboration among stakeholders are essential to refine the proposed model and ensure successful TOD project implementation in the future. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-012 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-02
Yazan M. Jaradat, Harry Far, Mina Mortazavi
Studies on earthquake-related damage underscore that buildings are vulnerable to significant harm or even collapse during moderate to strong ground motions. Of particular concern is seismic-induced pounding, observed in numerous past and recent earthquakes, often resulting from inadequate separation gaps between neighboring structures. This study conducted an experimental and numerical investigation to develop a mathematical equation to calculate a sufficient separation gap in order to avoid the collision between adjacent mid-rise steel-frame buildings during seismic excitation. In this study, the coupled configuration of 15-storey & 10-storey, 15-storey & 5-storey, and 10-storey & 5-storey steel frame structures was considered in the investigation. The investigation concluded with a large number of data outputs. The outputs were used to predict structural behavior during earthquakes. The obtained data were categorized into three main categories according to the earthquake's Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) levels. Also, the derived equations were divided into three different equations to estimate the required seismic gap between neighboring buildings accordingly. The derived equations are distilled to empower engineers to rigorously evaluate non-irregular mid-rise steel frame buildings. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-02 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"A Mathematical Approach for Predicting Sufficient Separation Gap between Adjacent Buildings to Avoid Earthquake-Induced Pounding","authors":"Yazan M. Jaradat, Harry Far, Mina Mortazavi","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-02","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on earthquake-related damage underscore that buildings are vulnerable to significant harm or even collapse during moderate to strong ground motions. Of particular concern is seismic-induced pounding, observed in numerous past and recent earthquakes, often resulting from inadequate separation gaps between neighboring structures. This study conducted an experimental and numerical investigation to develop a mathematical equation to calculate a sufficient separation gap in order to avoid the collision between adjacent mid-rise steel-frame buildings during seismic excitation. In this study, the coupled configuration of 15-storey & 10-storey, 15-storey & 5-storey, and 10-storey & 5-storey steel frame structures was considered in the investigation. The investigation concluded with a large number of data outputs. The outputs were used to predict structural behavior during earthquakes. The obtained data were categorized into three main categories according to the earthquake's Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) levels. Also, the derived equations were divided into three different equations to estimate the required seismic gap between neighboring buildings accordingly. The derived equations are distilled to empower engineers to rigorously evaluate non-irregular mid-rise steel frame buildings. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-02 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-016
Pedro Bautista, Zenon Aguilar
Geotechnical investigations often involve inclined boreholes, which can be used for downhole (DH) seismic surveys. However, as there is no interpretation method for downhole tests in inclined boreholes (IDH), this study proposes alternative interpretation methods based on the direct method (DM), interval method (IM), modified interval method (MIM), and refracted ray path method (RRM). We have named the proposed methods, adding an I to the original name to indicate that they are performed in an inclined well, i.e., DMI, IMI, MIMI, and RRMI. To analyze the applicability of the proposed methods, eight simple models with horizontal layers and four 2D models were used to obtain the P- and S-wave velocity profiles. Among all the proposed methods, the RRMI method showed the best fit between the calculated S-wave velocity (Vs) profile and the real models, providing good reliability. To test the equations and hypotheses, new interpretation steps were developed based on Snell's law and a modification of the numerical bisection method, which showed that the error increased slightly as the dip angle of the well decreased. The next step was to test the accuracy of the RRMI method in the field and develop downhole test processing software for vertical and inclined boreholes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-016 Full Text: PDF
岩土工程勘察经常涉及倾斜钻孔，这些钻孔可用于井下（DH）地震勘察。然而，由于没有针对倾斜钻孔（IDH）井下测试的解释方法，本研究提出了基于直接法（DM）、间隔法（IM）、修正间隔法（MIM）和折射射线路径法（RRM）的替代解释方法。我们将这些方法命名为 DMI、IMI、MIMI 和 RRMI。为了分析所提方法的适用性，使用了 8 个水平层简单模型和 4 个二维模型来获取 P 波和 S 波速度剖面。在所有建议的方法中，RRMI 方法显示出计算的 S 波速度（Vs）剖面与实际模型的最佳拟合，具有良好的可靠性。为了检验方程和假设，根据斯涅尔定律和对数值分段法的修改，制定了新的解释步骤，结果表明，随着油井倾角的减小，误差略有增加。下一步是在现场测试 RRMI 方法的准确性，并开发适用于垂直和倾斜井眼的井下测试处理软件。Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-016 全文：PDF
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Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-06
Muhammad S. Ulum, Wenny Arminda, M. Kamaruddin, Widi Dwi Satria
Buildings with double-loaded corridor types are often found in Indonesia and generally function as offices or lecture rooms. This type of building is popular because of its efficient circulation path to accommodate the movement of occupants. However, a wall separating the room from the corridor makes it impossible to put windows to implement a cross-ventilation system due to acoustic problems. Hence, to achieve indoor thermal comfort, this type of building relies on using an air conditioning (AC) system. However, with the WHO's call to reduce the use of AC during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to evaluate cross-ventilation in double-loaded corridor buildings to meet comfort standards while still preventing acoustic problems due to noise from corridors and other spaces. The study proposes a new natural ventilation system using air ducts placed above the corridor ceiling to create cross-ventilation in lecture buildings. The E-ITERA building was chosen as a case study in this research. The building has a glass facade with several small windows that can be opened outside. The corridor of this building is designed with openings at both ends, allowing for direct connection to the outside air. The walls facing the passage have a single door and four small ventilations on the aisle's upper side. Simulations were carried out in two classrooms on the 3rd floor using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software. Experiments were carried out to change the size of the air duct and the size of the ventilation on the wall that leads to the corridor. The results showed that the air duct was able to create cross-ventilation. Ventilation performance is improved when the WWR air duct is the same as the WWR window. The highest air velocity in the centre of the room is 0.6 m/s. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-06 Full Text: PDF
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Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-014
Fernanda Calado Mendonça, Alcebíades Silva de Carvalho Neto, Cleiton Alexandre Costa Da Silva, Lino Maia
The objective of this study is to present a preliminary study to demonstrate the importance of expanding the Light Rail Vehicle (LRV) in the city of João Pessoa. This would ensure the best level of operational comfort, safety, social inclusion, and sustainability with the existing transport network in the city. The methodology used began with the collection of data provided by public agencies that regulate urban transport modes in the city and other technical sources that report on the feasibility of implementing the LRV. Then the main bus routes used by the population were analyzed (in relation to passenger volume) and how these routes could be improved if LRV could be inserted as a viable option. With the study, it was realized that there is no possibility of replacing one mode of transportation with another to drive all passengers. The optimal solution is to make expansions in the system that can make LRV an affordable and quality alternative for people to move around the city. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-014 Full Text: PDF
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