Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2026.01.002
Natalia Neha Khosla, Gabrielle Keller Goff, Amy Z Xu, Adena E Rosenblatt, Adena E Rosenblatt
{"title":"Cicadas, mites, and itchy arthropod bites: Cutaneous outcomes of the cicada emergence.","authors":"Natalia Neha Khosla, Gabrielle Keller Goff, Amy Z Xu, Adena E Rosenblatt, Adena E Rosenblatt","doi":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10358,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145942795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2026.01.001
Bladimir Rodríguez-Lechtig, Adriana Motta
Skin reflects not only the biologic processes of aging but also the personal, social, and cultural history of the individual. Francisco de Goya's paintings "Old Women (also known as Time)" and "The Young (The Letter)" provide a profound dialogue between youth, old age, and temporality, offering insight into aesthetics, identity, and the ethics of aging. This contribution examines the visible cutaneous signs in both works, relating them to the biologic mechanisms of skin aging, including cellular senescence, collagen disruption, and photoaging. The philosophic and ethic implications of contemporary aesthetic rejuvenation procedures are also explored, emphasizing the tension between accepting aging and undergoing medical transformation. Goya's works serve as a critical mirror, highlighting that interventions in aged skin must consider not only biologic aspects but also memory, identity, and human finiteness.
{"title":"Skin against time: \"Old Women\" and \"The Young\" by Goya.","authors":"Bladimir Rodríguez-Lechtig, Adriana Motta","doi":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin reflects not only the biologic processes of aging but also the personal, social, and cultural history of the individual. Francisco de Goya's paintings \"Old Women (also known as Time)\" and \"The Young (The Letter)\" provide a profound dialogue between youth, old age, and temporality, offering insight into aesthetics, identity, and the ethics of aging. This contribution examines the visible cutaneous signs in both works, relating them to the biologic mechanisms of skin aging, including cellular senescence, collagen disruption, and photoaging. The philosophic and ethic implications of contemporary aesthetic rejuvenation procedures are also explored, emphasizing the tension between accepting aging and undergoing medical transformation. Goya's works serve as a critical mirror, highlighting that interventions in aged skin must consider not only biologic aspects but also memory, identity, and human finiteness.</p>","PeriodicalId":10358,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.011
Joseph Heskin FRCP , Ien Chan FRCP , Christopher Barry Bunker MD, FRCP , Christopher James Scott FRCP
Mpox, a zoonotic orthopoxvirus, originally identified in 1958, exhibits two distinct genetic strains or clades, clades 1 and 2. Before 2022, mpox was predominantly isolated in the endemic regions of West and Central Africa. Sporadic outbreaks of travel-associated clade 2 mpox had previously occurred in nonendemic areas, but persistent human-to-human transmission within nonendemic regions had not been documented until recently.
{"title":"Mpox (monkeypox)","authors":"Joseph Heskin FRCP , Ien Chan FRCP , Christopher Barry Bunker MD, FRCP , Christopher James Scott FRCP","doi":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mpox, a zoonotic orthopoxvirus, originally identified in 1958, exhibits two distinct genetic strains or clades, clades 1 and 2. Before 2022, mpox was predominantly isolated in the endemic regions of West and Central Africa. Sporadic outbreaks of travel-associated clade 2 mpox had previously occurred in nonendemic areas, but persistent human-to-human transmission within nonendemic regions had not been documented until recently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10358,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in dermatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.017
David A. Lewis FRCP, FAChSHM, PhD
Chancroid, caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, is a sexually transmitted genital ulcerative condition associated with inguinal bubo formation. The relative prevalence of chancroid has dramatically declined based on surveillance findings in those few endemic settings where the appropriate diagnostic tools exist; however, laboratory-based diagnostics are lacking to assist clinical management and support etiological surveillance in most parts of the world. Recent yaws surveys within the Western Pacific region indicate that H ducreyi has re-emerged as a frequent cause of chronic skin ulceration. Although there have been no antimicrobial susceptibility studies for three decades, it is assumed that a cure remains possible with extended-spectrum cephalosporins, macrolides, or fluoroquinolones. HIV-1-infected patients require careful followups due to reports of treatment failure with single-dose regimens. Buboes may need additional treatment with either aspiration or excision and drainage.
{"title":"Chancroid","authors":"David A. Lewis FRCP, FAChSHM, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chancroid, caused by <em>Haemophilus ducreyi,</em> is a sexually transmitted genital ulcerative condition associated with inguinal bubo formation. The relative prevalence of chancroid has dramatically declined based on surveillance findings in those few endemic settings where the appropriate diagnostic tools exist; however, laboratory-based diagnostics are lacking to assist clinical management and support etiological surveillance in most parts of the world. Recent yaws surveys within the Western Pacific region indicate that <em>H ducreyi</em> has re-emerged as a frequent cause of chronic skin ulceration. Although there have been no antimicrobial susceptibility studies for three decades, it is assumed that a cure remains possible with extended-spectrum cephalosporins, macrolides, or fluoroquinolones. HIV-1-infected patients require careful followups due to reports of treatment failure with single-dose regimens. Buboes may need additional treatment with either aspiration or excision and drainage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10358,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in dermatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.10.006
Hossein Akbarialiabad MD, MSc, HMBA , S. Yasamin Parvar MD, MPH , Ayman Grada MD, MS , Christopher G. Bunick MD, PhD , Kaz Shimada MD , M. Mark Melin MD , Mohammad Hossein Taghrir MD , Brian Crucian PhD , Sylvain V. Costes PhD , Lauren M. Sanders PhD , Amy Paller MD, PhD , Sancy A. Leachman MD, PhD , Afsaneh Alavi MD, MSc , Julia S. Lehman MD , Nadia S. El-Hamdi MD, PhD , Rowena Christiansen MD , Michelle Tarbox MD , Jane M. Grant-Kels MD , Arash Mostaghimi MD, MPA, MPH , Cameron West MD , Dédée F. Murrell MD
Space-related dermatoses are among the most frequently reported medical issues during long-duration spaceflight. These conditions can impair crew comfort, performance, and postflight recovery, raising concerns for upcoming Mars missions and commercial space tourism. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases identified studies published through December 2024 using terms such as “space dermatoses,” “microgravity and skin,” and “spaceflight dermatology.” Gray literature, NASA/ESA documents, and reference lists were also reviewed. Screening followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, and study quality was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine framework. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing observational, experimental, and animal/in vitro research. Reported space-related dermatoses included xerosis, rashes, hypersensitivity, and impaired wound healing. Contributing factors included radiation, nutritional deficits, microgravity, alterations in the microbiome and immune system, stress, hygiene limitations, and environmental contaminants. Preventive measures include personalized skincare, immune profiling, barrier technologies, and teledermatology. Evidence remains limited by small cohorts and a lack of standardized dermatologic assessment. Collaborative research on dermatology in space is essential to clarify underlying mechanisms, develop mitigation strategies, and ensure skin health in future long-duration and commercial missions.
与空间有关的皮肤病是长时间航天飞行期间最常报告的医疗问题之一。这些情况会影响宇航员的舒适度、工作表现和飞行后的恢复，引发人们对即将到来的火星任务和商业太空旅游的担忧。通过对PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Embase和Cochrane数据库的系统搜索，确定了截至2024年12月发表的研究，其中使用了“太空皮肤病”、“微重力与皮肤”和“太空皮肤病”等术语。灰色文献，NASA/ESA文件和参考文献列表也进行了审查。筛选遵循系统评价和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目，并使用牛津循证医学中心框架评估研究质量。23项研究符合纳入标准，包括观察性、实验性和动物/体外研究。报道的与空间相关的皮肤病包括干燥症、皮疹、过敏和伤口愈合受损。影响因素包括辐射、营养缺乏、微重力、微生物组和免疫系统的改变、压力、卫生限制和环境污染物。预防措施包括个性化护肤、免疫分析、屏障技术和远程皮肤科。证据仍然有限的小队列和缺乏标准化的皮肤病学评估。空间皮肤病学合作研究对于澄清潜在机制、制定缓解战略和确保未来长期和商业任务中的皮肤健康至关重要。
{"title":"Space-related dermatoses","authors":"Hossein Akbarialiabad MD, MSc, HMBA , S. Yasamin Parvar MD, MPH , Ayman Grada MD, MS , Christopher G. Bunick MD, PhD , Kaz Shimada MD , M. Mark Melin MD , Mohammad Hossein Taghrir MD , Brian Crucian PhD , Sylvain V. Costes PhD , Lauren M. Sanders PhD , Amy Paller MD, PhD , Sancy A. Leachman MD, PhD , Afsaneh Alavi MD, MSc , Julia S. Lehman MD , Nadia S. El-Hamdi MD, PhD , Rowena Christiansen MD , Michelle Tarbox MD , Jane M. Grant-Kels MD , Arash Mostaghimi MD, MPA, MPH , Cameron West MD , Dédée F. Murrell MD","doi":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space-related dermatoses are among the most frequently reported medical issues during long-duration spaceflight. These conditions can impair crew comfort, performance, and postflight recovery, raising concerns for upcoming Mars missions and commercial space tourism. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases identified studies published through December 2024 using terms such as “space dermatoses,” “microgravity and skin,” and “spaceflight dermatology.” Gray literature, NASA/ESA documents, and reference lists were also reviewed. Screening followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, and study quality was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine framework. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing observational, experimental, and animal/<em>in vitro</em> research. Reported space-related dermatoses included xerosis, rashes, hypersensitivity, and impaired wound healing. Contributing factors included radiation, nutritional deficits, microgravity, alterations in the microbiome and immune system, stress, hygiene limitations, and environmental contaminants. Preventive measures include personalized skincare, immune profiling, barrier technologies, and teledermatology. Evidence remains limited by small cohorts and a lack of standardized dermatologic assessment. Collaborative research on dermatology in space is essential to clarify underlying mechanisms, develop mitigation strategies, and ensure skin health in future long-duration and commercial missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10358,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in dermatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147412622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.06.003
Leah D. Kovacs BFA , Albert E. Zhou MD, PhD , Ekaterina Korytnikova MD , Sowmya Ravi MD , Hao Feng MD, MHS , Gillian Weston MD , Brett Sloan MD , Jane M. Grant-Kels MD
The dermatology residency match has become increasingly competitive, culminating in a 2025 US senior MD match rate of 63%, according to the National Resident Matching Program. Considering this trend, a comprehensive, evidence-based review of the application and match process is needed. This contribution marks the first in a three-part literature review series aimed at demystifying the dermatology match, improving access for applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds, such as those underrepresented in medicine, without a home program, or lacking strong mentorship. Part 1 focuses on key components of the application: academic performance, personal statements, board scores, research, leadership and volunteerism, and advanced degrees. The Medical Student Performance Evaluation is an important part of the application, but its curation remains varied, limiting its utility. Personal statements tend to share common themes and are viewed as less influential by program directors. Volunteerism and leadership are viewed favorably, but limited evidence suggests they have a negligible impact on match success. Since the transition to pass/fail step 1 scoring, step 2 scores and research have assumed greater importance. Inflated research counts may obscure true academic quality; nonetheless, matched applicants have higher numbers of publications and presentations on average. Although research fellowships can improve match rates at host institutions, their overall impact remains uncertain, and their financial burdens may exacerbate inequities. Advanced degrees may offer an opportunity to highlight specific interests but do not consistently offer a match advantage or compensate for weaker core metrics. Ethical considerations surrounding each of these components are explored throughout this review.
{"title":"Demystifying the dermatology residency application process, part one—building the application: Competition, academic metrics, and extracurricular activities","authors":"Leah D. Kovacs BFA , Albert E. Zhou MD, PhD , Ekaterina Korytnikova MD , Sowmya Ravi MD , Hao Feng MD, MHS , Gillian Weston MD , Brett Sloan MD , Jane M. Grant-Kels MD","doi":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dermatology residency match has become increasingly competitive, culminating in a 2025 US senior MD match rate of 63%, according to the National Resident Matching Program. Considering this trend, a comprehensive, evidence-based review of the application and match process is needed. This contribution marks the first in a three-part literature review series aimed at demystifying the dermatology match, improving access for applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds, such as those underrepresented in medicine, without a home program, or lacking strong mentorship. Part 1 focuses on key components of the application: academic performance, personal statements, board scores, research, leadership and volunteerism, and advanced degrees. The Medical Student Performance Evaluation is an important part of the application, but its curation remains varied, limiting its utility. Personal statements tend to share common themes and are viewed as less influential by program directors. Volunteerism and leadership are viewed favorably, but limited evidence suggests they have a negligible impact on match success. Since the transition to pass/fail step 1 scoring, step 2 scores and research have assumed greater importance. Inflated research counts may obscure true academic quality; nonetheless, matched applicants have higher numbers of publications and presentations on average. Although research fellowships can improve match rates at host institutions, their overall impact remains uncertain, and their financial burdens may exacerbate inequities. Advanced degrees may offer an opportunity to highlight specific interests but do not consistently offer a match advantage or compensate for weaker core metrics. Ethical considerations surrounding each of these components are explored throughout this review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10358,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in dermatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 150-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.07.004
Leonard J. Hoenig MD , Uwe Wollina MD , Lawrence Charles Parish MD, MD (Hon), FRCP (Edin)
Mark Twain’s (1835-1910) novels provide insights into the status of medicine during the mid-19th century in the United States, especially along the Mississippi River. Quackery and superstitious rituals coexisted alongside the developing practice of scientific medicine. This contribution presents illustrations and quotes from Twain's novels that offer insight into the following dermatology-related conditions: warts, measles, alopecia, cleft lip, mumps, a big ear, and smallpox, as well as dental extractions. The novels discussed include: Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Life on the Mississippi, and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court.
{"title":"Huckleberry Finn’s cure for warts: Dermatology insights from the novels of Mark Twain","authors":"Leonard J. Hoenig MD , Uwe Wollina MD , Lawrence Charles Parish MD, MD (Hon), FRCP (Edin)","doi":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mark Twain’s (1835-1910) novels provide insights into the status of medicine during the mid-19th century in the United States, especially along the Mississippi River. Quackery and superstitious rituals coexisted alongside the developing practice of scientific medicine. This contribution presents illustrations and quotes from Twain's novels that offer insight into the following dermatology-related conditions: warts, measles, alopecia, cleft lip, mumps, a big ear, and smallpox, as well as dental extractions. The novels discussed include: <em>Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Life on the Mississippi,</em> and <em>A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":10358,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in dermatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 168-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.10.011
Gisele Viana de Oliveira MD, PhD , Leandra D’Orsi Metsavaht MD , George Kroumpouzos MD, PhD
Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars poses a significant challenge. Several treatments are beneficial, including surgery, technologies such as lasers, medication injections (eg, triamcinolone and antineoplastic drugs), cryotherapy, and radiation, but recurrence rates are high after all of these procedures. The ASAP algorithm is a rational, sequential, nonsurgical approach to treating keloids and hypertrophic scars, described by the authors several years ago; after applying it, recurrence rates are very low. ASAP stands for the following steps: A, assessment of the keloid or hypertrophic scar; S, soften the lesion using occlusive dressings; A, approach the scar or keloid utilizing a combination of technologies and injectable antifibrosant drugs; and finally, P, pigmentary alteration treatment. This algorithm was initially popularized in Brazil and has been adopted at several centers; however, with the advent of new technologies and drugs to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars, it has undergone significant improvement. This overview offers an updated perspective on the ASAP sequential algorithm. New research data, including the benefits of microneedling and medications such as verapamil and botulinum toxin, as well as the improvement of hyperpigmentation with picosecond laser, have been incorporated into the ASAP protocol. The importance of integrating diverse therapeutic modalities is highlighted. This sequential stepwise approach promotes gradual clinical improvement while minimizing the likelihood of recurrence.
{"title":"ASAP revisited: The Brazilian sequential algorithm for treating keloids and hypertrophic scars","authors":"Gisele Viana de Oliveira MD, PhD , Leandra D’Orsi Metsavaht MD , George Kroumpouzos MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars poses a significant challenge. Several treatments are beneficial, including surgery, technologies such as lasers, medication injections (eg, triamcinolone and antineoplastic drugs), cryotherapy, and radiation, but recurrence rates are high after all of these procedures. The ASAP algorithm is a rational, sequential, nonsurgical approach to treating keloids and hypertrophic scars, described by the authors several years ago; after applying it, recurrence rates are very low. <em>ASAP</em> stands for the following steps: <em>A</em>, assessment of the keloid or hypertrophic scar; <em>S</em>, soften the lesion using occlusive dressings; <em>A</em>, approach the scar or keloid utilizing a combination of technologies and injectable antifibrosant drugs; and finally, <em>P</em>, pigmentary alteration treatment. This algorithm was initially popularized in Brazil and has been adopted at several centers; however, with the advent of new technologies and drugs to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars, it has undergone significant improvement. This overview offers an updated perspective on the ASAP sequential algorithm. New research data, including the benefits of microneedling and medications such as verapamil and botulinum toxin, as well as the improvement of hyperpigmentation with picosecond laser, have been incorporated into the ASAP protocol. The importance of integrating diverse therapeutic modalities is highlighted. This sequential stepwise approach promotes gradual clinical improvement while minimizing the likelihood of recurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10358,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in dermatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 192-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145421358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.006
David A. Lewis FRCP(UK), FAChSHM, PhD
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen, causes gonorrhea. Although usually sexually transmissible, it can be acquired by direct inoculation. Untreated gonococcal infections have deleterious impacts, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and even blindness. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins remain the mainstay of therapy, and gonococcal culture is essential to determine susceptibility to these agents. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern, and a few new agents are in the pipeline. Gonorrhea control programs rely on health education, access to diagnostic testing (where possible), effective therapy, and partner notification. Introducing inexpensive, sensitive, and specific point-of-care tests will aid antimicrobial stewardship efforts in countries using the syndromic management approach. Targeted vaccination of higher-risk populations with cross-protective outer membrane vesicle-based meningococcal B vaccines might reduce N. gonorrhoeae transmission in the future. Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis may further reduce gonococcal incidence in the short term; however, its long-term impact on the human resistome/microbiome remains unknown.
{"title":"Gonorrhea","authors":"David A. Lewis FRCP(UK), FAChSHM, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em>, a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen, causes gonorrhea. Although usually sexually transmissible, it can be acquired by direct inoculation. Untreated gonococcal infections have deleterious impacts, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and even blindness. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins remain the mainstay of therapy, and gonococcal culture is essential to determine susceptibility to these agents. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern, and a few new agents are in the pipeline. Gonorrhea control programs rely on health education, access to diagnostic testing (where possible), effective therapy, and partner notification. Introducing inexpensive, sensitive, and specific point-of-care tests will aid antimicrobial stewardship efforts in countries using the syndromic management approach. Targeted vaccination of higher-risk populations with cross-protective outer membrane vesicle-based meningococcal B vaccines might reduce <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em> transmission in the future. Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis may further reduce gonococcal incidence in the short term; however, its long-term impact on the human resistome/microbiome remains unknown.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10358,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in dermatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"Pages 3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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