Clinics in dermatology最新文献

Mpox, a zoonotic orthopoxvirus, originally identified in 1958, exhibits two distinct genetic strains or clades, clades 1 and 2. Before 2022, mpox was predominantly isolated in the endemic regions of West and Central Africa. Sporadic outbreaks of travel-associated clade 2 mpox had previously occurred in nonendemic areas, but persistent human-to-human transmission within nonendemic regions had not been documented until recently.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common cause of anogenital ulceration worldwide. There are two distinct viruses: HSV-1 associated with oro-labial cold sores and genital infection and HSV-2 associated with genital infection. Infection is lifelong, and typically presents with painful anogenital ulceration, which may recur after periods of latency. Asymptomatic shedding is common and may lead to transmission to sexual partners. Antiviral suppression with aciclovir, valaciclovir, or famciclovir is useful to treat initial painful episodes or troublesome recurrent infection. Suppressive antiviral therapy, condoms, selective abstinence, and disclosure to sexual partners have all been demonstrated to reduce the risk of transmission.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative tumor that is associated with human herpesvirus 8 or Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus infection. KS typically presents in the skin as isolated or multiple, violaceous macules or papulonodular lesions or plaques. The four different KS clinical categories-classic, endemic, epidemic, or AIDS-related and iatrogenic KS-are heterogeneous in epidemiology, manifestations, and complications. Clinical features, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic regimens for all types of KS are summarized in this review. It is important for clinicians to promptly recognize and approach the treatment of KS in a multidisciplinary fashion for optimal therapeutic outcomes. Newer targeted therapies based on its pathogenesis are being studied. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. KS was first documented in 1872 by Moritz Kaposi, (1837-1902) a Hungarian dermatologist and physician, who described five cases of an atypical tumor that primarily affected the skin of the lower extremities of elderly men.¹ He described the tumors as "idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of the skin," and this form of the disease later became known as sporadic or classic KS.¹.

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) comprise a group of DNA viruses with more than 450 types identified. HPV represents one of the most common viral infections globally. HPV can cause a wide spectrum of clinical disease depending on type, including benign lesions (cutaneous or anogenital warts), premalignant lesions (intraepithelial neoplasia), and anogenital cancers; however, infection may also frequently remain subclinical. Even though the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of penile, vulval, and anal intraepithelial neoplasia and other cutaneous diseases has been recognized, robust evidence for the role of screening and effective management is often lacking. The implementation of prophylactic vaccination for young people and at-risk adults in high-income countries has proven successful, and now there is growing interest in postexposure vaccination.

Social media has led to the proliferation of accessible health and dermatologic advice; however, it has also permitted the spread of misinformation. We have examined the prevalence of dermatologic misinformation on the popular Chinese social media and e-commerce platform Xiaohongshu (RedNote), which has a notable and significant impact on Western audiences. Through an analysis of the digital content and media posts on RedNote as well as an examination of related scientific literature, this study identifies and reviews distinct examples of dermatology advice promoted by the RedNote platform. Key findings highlight the combination of aggressive ingredients, irregular homemade treatments, and the endorsement of alarming beauty procedures. Algorithmically structured platforms like RedNote prioritize online engagement over factual evidence. When merged with the consumer-oriented culture and the necessary high beauty standards, the result fosters an environment where false information can expand and thrive. Our analysis revealed a public health concern where social platforms and influencer culture contribute to cutaneous health hazards. We have proposed some practical solutions, emphasizing the importance of elevated media literacy among social community spaces and vocalized professional intervention. These measures should mitigate the harmful consequences originating from online misinformation.