Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1334418
Zongqiang Lian, Xudong Wu
Abstract We evaluated the lethality, uptake, depuration, accumulation, and effects of waterborne arsenic in Lanzhou catfish (Silurus lanzhouensis). The 96-h LC50 and safe concentrations (SC) for Lanzhou catfish were 12.88 and 1.288 mg/L, respectively. We evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to 0 mg/L (C), 1.288 mg/L (T1), 0.5 mg/L (T2), and 0.1 mg/L (T3) and measured depuration rates post-exposure. As accumulated in the target organs in the following order of concentration: gill > muscle > brain > liver, which is consistent with the variation in k1. The values for k1 and CAmax declined with a decrease in arsenic concentration in the different target organs, whereas the reverse was true for BCF. The CL,50(t) values decreased initially and then approached equilibrium status after 30 of exposure. The gill tissue had the highest depuration rates, followed by muscle, brain, and liver. The treatment groups exposed to lower arsenic concentrations treats had lower k2 values in the target organs, but higher depuration half-lives (t1/2) at lower arsenic concentrations. Our results demonstrate that the target organs of Lanzhou catfish are capable of regulating arsenic toxicity by way of internal regulation mechanisms, and the rate of arsenic uptake and depuration over time are concentration- and tissue-dependent.
{"title":"Acute and chronic toxicities assessment of arsenic (III) to catfish, Silurus lanzhouensis in China","authors":"Zongqiang Lian, Xudong Wu","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1334418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1334418","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We evaluated the lethality, uptake, depuration, accumulation, and effects of waterborne arsenic in Lanzhou catfish (Silurus lanzhouensis). The 96-h LC50 and safe concentrations (SC) for Lanzhou catfish were 12.88 and 1.288 mg/L, respectively. We evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to 0 mg/L (C), 1.288 mg/L (T1), 0.5 mg/L (T2), and 0.1 mg/L (T3) and measured depuration rates post-exposure. As accumulated in the target organs in the following order of concentration: gill > muscle > brain > liver, which is consistent with the variation in k1. The values for k1 and CAmax declined with a decrease in arsenic concentration in the different target organs, whereas the reverse was true for BCF. The CL,50(t) values decreased initially and then approached equilibrium status after 30 of exposure. The gill tissue had the highest depuration rates, followed by muscle, brain, and liver. The treatment groups exposed to lower arsenic concentrations treats had lower k2 values in the target organs, but higher depuration half-lives (t1/2) at lower arsenic concentrations. Our results demonstrate that the target organs of Lanzhou catfish are capable of regulating arsenic toxicity by way of internal regulation mechanisms, and the rate of arsenic uptake and depuration over time are concentration- and tissue-dependent.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1334418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49323785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1288335
G. Fernandes, Andrew W. Barone, R. Dziak
Abstract Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) has long been known for its anti-cancer properties and in the present study the effects of ascorbic acid (AsA) on osteogenic differentiation, apoptosis, and signaling pathways of the human G29 osteosarcoma cell line were studied. The expression of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin genes were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Osteoblastic maturation was assessed with alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization with alizarin red deposition, and apoptosis with a caspase-2 apoptotic assay as well as the cell viability via the cytotoxicity assay. The possible role of the MAP kinase pathway (p44/42, p38, and p-JNK signaling pathway) was also studied. Our results showed that RUNX2 and osteocalcin gene expression, mineralization, cell viability, and metabolic activity levels were increased in cells treated with low concentrations of AsA with respect to untreated cells. At higher concentrations, AsA resulted in decreases in these parameters and induced apoptosis of the G292 osteosarcoma cells via downregulation of the MAPK pathway. The findings presented here support the ability of AsA to modulate the viability and differentiation of the G292 type of bone cancer cell with increases or decreases depending on the AsA concentration suggesting a need for further evaluation of the possible use of this vitamin in the regulation of bone cell cancer growth.
{"title":"The effect of ascorbic acid on bone cancer cells in vitro","authors":"G. Fernandes, Andrew W. Barone, R. Dziak","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1288335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1288335","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) has long been known for its anti-cancer properties and in the present study the effects of ascorbic acid (AsA) on osteogenic differentiation, apoptosis, and signaling pathways of the human G29 osteosarcoma cell line were studied. The expression of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin genes were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Osteoblastic maturation was assessed with alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization with alizarin red deposition, and apoptosis with a caspase-2 apoptotic assay as well as the cell viability via the cytotoxicity assay. The possible role of the MAP kinase pathway (p44/42, p38, and p-JNK signaling pathway) was also studied. Our results showed that RUNX2 and osteocalcin gene expression, mineralization, cell viability, and metabolic activity levels were increased in cells treated with low concentrations of AsA with respect to untreated cells. At higher concentrations, AsA resulted in decreases in these parameters and induced apoptosis of the G292 osteosarcoma cells via downregulation of the MAPK pathway. The findings presented here support the ability of AsA to modulate the viability and differentiation of the G292 type of bone cancer cell with increases or decreases depending on the AsA concentration suggesting a need for further evaluation of the possible use of this vitamin in the regulation of bone cell cancer growth.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1288335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43458841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1404274
W. Hikal, Rowida S Baeshen, H. S. Said-Al Ahl
Abstract One of the most important global problems is protecting crops from insects. For the control of insects, synthetic chemicals are continuously used, and their toxicity endangers health of farm operators, animals and food consumers. The negative effects on human health led to a resurgence of interest in botanical insecticides due to their minimal costs and ecological side effects. In this, we review the use of plant compounds (essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, esters and fatty acids) having anti-insect effects and their importance as an alternative to the chemical compounds used in the elimination of insects in different ways, namely repellents, feeding deterrents/antifeedants, toxicants, growth retardants, chemosterilants, and attractants. Botanical insecticides affect only target insects, not destroy beneficial natural enemies and provide residue-free food and safe environment. We, therefore, recommend using botanical insecticides as an integrated insect management program which can greatly reduce the use of synthetic insecticides.
{"title":"Botanical insecticide as simple extractives for pest control","authors":"W. Hikal, Rowida S Baeshen, H. S. Said-Al Ahl","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1404274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1404274","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most important global problems is protecting crops from insects. For the control of insects, synthetic chemicals are continuously used, and their toxicity endangers health of farm operators, animals and food consumers. The negative effects on human health led to a resurgence of interest in botanical insecticides due to their minimal costs and ecological side effects. In this, we review the use of plant compounds (essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, esters and fatty acids) having anti-insect effects and their importance as an alternative to the chemical compounds used in the elimination of insects in different ways, namely repellents, feeding deterrents/antifeedants, toxicants, growth retardants, chemosterilants, and attractants. Botanical insecticides affect only target insects, not destroy beneficial natural enemies and provide residue-free food and safe environment. We, therefore, recommend using botanical insecticides as an integrated insect management program which can greatly reduce the use of synthetic insecticides.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1404274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45496569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1322025
Colm O'Reilly, N. Harte
Pitch or fundamental frequency is an important feature of bird song, from which scientists can learn much about a population. To use pitch as a feature, researchers need confidence in their pitch extraction system. Pitch detection algorithms (PDAs) proven to work on human speech may not be suitable for all types of bird vocalizations. This paper discusses pitch estimation performance on a variety of common bird vocalizations. The presence of multiple partials or tones simultaneously, extended frequency sweeps through multiple octaves, and rapid pitch modulations are just some of the difficulties encountered when estimating the pitch of bird song. Carefully tuned parameters improve pitch tracking with YIN, but optimal parameters can change quickly even within one song. YIN is a PDA which estimates pitch of human speech very well. This paper presents YIN-bird, a modified version of YIN which exploits spectrogram properties to automatically set a minimum fundamental frequency parameter for YIN. Gross pitch errors on whistles and trills were reduced by up to 4% on a ground truth data-set of synthetic bird song with known pitch. This data-set was evaluated by expert listeners and described as “sounding like original & can hardly tell it is synthetic”. A qualitative analysis showing YIN-bird not to be suitable for more complex bird vocalizations, such as nasals, is also presented.
{"title":"Pitch tracking of bird vocalizations and an automated process using YIN-bird","authors":"Colm O'Reilly, N. Harte","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1322025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1322025","url":null,"abstract":"Pitch or fundamental frequency is an important feature of bird song, from which scientists can learn much about a population. To use pitch as a feature, researchers need confidence in their pitch extraction system. Pitch detection algorithms (PDAs) proven to work on human speech may not be suitable for all types of bird vocalizations. This paper discusses pitch estimation performance on a variety of common bird vocalizations. The presence of multiple partials or tones simultaneously, extended frequency sweeps through multiple octaves, and rapid pitch modulations are just some of the difficulties encountered when estimating the pitch of bird song. Carefully tuned parameters improve pitch tracking with YIN, but optimal parameters can change quickly even within one song. YIN is a PDA which estimates pitch of human speech very well. This paper presents YIN-bird, a modified version of YIN which exploits spectrogram properties to automatically set a minimum fundamental frequency parameter for YIN. Gross pitch errors on whistles and trills were reduced by up to 4% on a ground truth data-set of synthetic bird song with known pitch. This data-set was evaluated by expert listeners and described as “sounding like original & can hardly tell it is synthetic”. A qualitative analysis showing YIN-bird not to be suitable for more complex bird vocalizations, such as nasals, is also presented.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1322025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43050014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1300990
Muhammad Moin Uddin Mazumdar, M. Islam, Mohammad Tanvir Hosen, Mohammad Shahin Alam, M. Alam, M. Faruk, Md. Mominur Rahman, M. Sayeed, M. Rahman, S. Uddin
Abstract To determine the in vivo neuropharmacological and in vitro antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Tetracera sarmentosa. Open field (OFT), hole cross (HCT), thiopental-induced sleeping time (TIST), elevated plus-maze (EPMT) tests were used to determine the neuropharmacological activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, total phenolic content tests were used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of T. sarmentosa. In the case of OFT and HCT, the extract showed a decrease in exploratory and locomotion activities at both dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). In the thiopental-induced hypnosis test, 400 mg/kg dose of T. sarmentosa produced quick onset of sleep and prolonged duration of sleep than that of 200 mg/kg dose. T. sarmentosa extract showed the lessening percentage of entries of mice into the open arm and decreased percentage of time spent in open arm compared to the standard drug diazepam. In the case of DPPH scavenging activity, IC50 value of methanolic plant extract of T. sarmentosa is 151.56 μg/ml whereas the value of ascorbic acid is 23.53 μg/ml. In this current study, the phenolic content of T. sarmentosa was found to be 140.34 ± 1.56 GAE mg/gm dry extract. Results of this study revealed that methanolic extract of T. sarmentosa contains significant neuropharmacological and antioxidant activities.
{"title":"Estimation of in vivo neuropharmacological and in vitro antioxidant effects of Tetracera sarmentosa","authors":"Muhammad Moin Uddin Mazumdar, M. Islam, Mohammad Tanvir Hosen, Mohammad Shahin Alam, M. Alam, M. Faruk, Md. Mominur Rahman, M. Sayeed, M. Rahman, S. Uddin","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1300990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1300990","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To determine the in vivo neuropharmacological and in vitro antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Tetracera sarmentosa. Open field (OFT), hole cross (HCT), thiopental-induced sleeping time (TIST), elevated plus-maze (EPMT) tests were used to determine the neuropharmacological activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, total phenolic content tests were used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of T. sarmentosa. In the case of OFT and HCT, the extract showed a decrease in exploratory and locomotion activities at both dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). In the thiopental-induced hypnosis test, 400 mg/kg dose of T. sarmentosa produced quick onset of sleep and prolonged duration of sleep than that of 200 mg/kg dose. T. sarmentosa extract showed the lessening percentage of entries of mice into the open arm and decreased percentage of time spent in open arm compared to the standard drug diazepam. In the case of DPPH scavenging activity, IC50 value of methanolic plant extract of T. sarmentosa is 151.56 μg/ml whereas the value of ascorbic acid is 23.53 μg/ml. In this current study, the phenolic content of T. sarmentosa was found to be 140.34 ± 1.56 GAE mg/gm dry extract. Results of this study revealed that methanolic extract of T. sarmentosa contains significant neuropharmacological and antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1300990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48114746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1340112
Xuesheng Han, Tory L. Parker, J. Dorsett
Abstract In the current study, we examined the biological activities of an essential oil blend (EOB) in validated human cell cultures, which model the molecular biology of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. EOB is primarily composed of essential oils from wild orange, clove, cinnamon, eucalyptus, and rosemary. These disease models allow the measurement of changes in protein biomarkers induced by EOB treatment. Four T cell autoimmune disease systems and one skin cell system were used for biomarker analysis. Biomarkers levels were measured both before and after EOB treatment for statistic analysis. EOB exhibited significant effects on the levels of protein biomarkers that are critically involved in inflammation, immune modulation, and tissue remodeling processes. The overall inhibitory effect of EOB on these protein biomarkers suggests that it has anti-inflammatory and immune modulating properties. EOB also showed significant anti-proliferative activity against these cells. We next investigated the effect of EOB on genome-wide gene expression in a skin disease model. EOB significantly modulated global gene expression in the skin disease model. Further analysis showed that EOB robustly affected signaling pathways related to inflammation, immune function, and cell cycle control. This study documents the biological activities of EOB in complex human disease models, and indicates that EOB affects various biological and physiological processes in human cells. This study suggests that EOB possesses significant anti-inflammatory and immune modulating properties.
{"title":"An essential oil blend significantly modulates immune responses and the cell cycle in human cell cultures","authors":"Xuesheng Han, Tory L. Parker, J. Dorsett","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1340112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1340112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the current study, we examined the biological activities of an essential oil blend (EOB) in validated human cell cultures, which model the molecular biology of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. EOB is primarily composed of essential oils from wild orange, clove, cinnamon, eucalyptus, and rosemary. These disease models allow the measurement of changes in protein biomarkers induced by EOB treatment. Four T cell autoimmune disease systems and one skin cell system were used for biomarker analysis. Biomarkers levels were measured both before and after EOB treatment for statistic analysis. EOB exhibited significant effects on the levels of protein biomarkers that are critically involved in inflammation, immune modulation, and tissue remodeling processes. The overall inhibitory effect of EOB on these protein biomarkers suggests that it has anti-inflammatory and immune modulating properties. EOB also showed significant anti-proliferative activity against these cells. We next investigated the effect of EOB on genome-wide gene expression in a skin disease model. EOB significantly modulated global gene expression in the skin disease model. Further analysis showed that EOB robustly affected signaling pathways related to inflammation, immune function, and cell cycle control. This study documents the biological activities of EOB in complex human disease models, and indicates that EOB affects various biological and physiological processes in human cells. This study suggests that EOB possesses significant anti-inflammatory and immune modulating properties.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1340112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48214573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1283875
Joham Ali, I. Haq, Attarad Ali, Madiha Ahmed, M. Zia
Abstract The use of synthetic chemicals as herbicides for crop protection is a big threat due to toxicity, non-degradability, and negative impact on environment. Onosma bracteatum leaves and flowers, and Commiphora stocksiana Engl bark ethanolic extracts are evaluated for allelopathic potential against Brassica napus, a model plant. Complete allelopathic tendency was depicted by crude extract of O. bracteatum leaves and partial trend by flower and C. stocksiana extracts. B. napus seed germination efficiency and plant architecture is adversely influenced by the presence of plants extracts. The antioxidative analysis of Brassica plants depicts that extracts in the growth environment produces oxidative stress that eventually increased free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidative potential, and reducing power capability. Though Brassica plants produced phenolics and flavonoids to combat the oxidative stress but at insufficient concentration. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the plants extracts produce oxidative stress to the seedlings and plants that eventually results in toxicity and allelopathic effect. Furthermore O. bracteatum can be a good candidate for natural herbicide either in form of extracts or the allelopathic compounds isolated from this plant species, which can be used as replacement of expensive and harmful synthetic herbicide.
{"title":"Onosma bracteatum Wall and Commiphora stocksiana Engl extracts generate oxidative stress in Brassica napus: An allelopathic perspective","authors":"Joham Ali, I. Haq, Attarad Ali, Madiha Ahmed, M. Zia","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1283875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1283875","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of synthetic chemicals as herbicides for crop protection is a big threat due to toxicity, non-degradability, and negative impact on environment. Onosma bracteatum leaves and flowers, and Commiphora stocksiana Engl bark ethanolic extracts are evaluated for allelopathic potential against Brassica napus, a model plant. Complete allelopathic tendency was depicted by crude extract of O. bracteatum leaves and partial trend by flower and C. stocksiana extracts. B. napus seed germination efficiency and plant architecture is adversely influenced by the presence of plants extracts. The antioxidative analysis of Brassica plants depicts that extracts in the growth environment produces oxidative stress that eventually increased free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidative potential, and reducing power capability. Though Brassica plants produced phenolics and flavonoids to combat the oxidative stress but at insufficient concentration. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the plants extracts produce oxidative stress to the seedlings and plants that eventually results in toxicity and allelopathic effect. Furthermore O. bracteatum can be a good candidate for natural herbicide either in form of extracts or the allelopathic compounds isolated from this plant species, which can be used as replacement of expensive and harmful synthetic herbicide.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1283875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47233834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1364063
Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye, Godfred Darko, Michael Konney Laryea, V. Roberts, R. Boateng, Edward Ntim Gasu
Abstract Inflammation is one of the means the human body uses to defend itself in the event of infection, trauma, or exposure to toxic substances and it is closely associated with a number of disease symptoms. Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been the drugs of choice for managing inflammation. However, reports of unpleasant side effects have necessitated a search for new anti-inflammatory agents which have minimal side effects. Marine-derived natural products continue to make significant contributions in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries and a number of extracts and compounds from marine origin have shown promise as anti-inflammatory agents. In Ghana, extracts that have been screened for their potential anti-inflammatory effects have almost exclusively come from plants. In this work, the anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from three different marine mollusks (Oliva sp., Patella rustica, and Littorina littorea) were evaluated. Extracts were obtained by cold maceration. The carrageenan-induced paw edema model in seven-day old chicks was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory potentials. Of the extracts tested, the ethyl acetate fraction of Oliva sp. was the most potent, with an ED50 of 10.16 mg/kg. The ethanol extract of L. littorea proved to be least effective in reducing inflammation, with an ED50 value of 119.80 mg/kg. When compared, extracts from Oliva sp. seemed to possess greater anti-inflammatory potentials than either P. rustica or L. littorea counterparts. The ethyl acetate fraction of Oliva sp. was a potent and promising anti-inflammatory agent and could be explored for anti-inflammatory lead compounds.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Oliva sp., Patella rustica, and Littorina littorea collected from Ghana’s coastal shorelines","authors":"Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye, Godfred Darko, Michael Konney Laryea, V. Roberts, R. Boateng, Edward Ntim Gasu","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1364063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1364063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inflammation is one of the means the human body uses to defend itself in the event of infection, trauma, or exposure to toxic substances and it is closely associated with a number of disease symptoms. Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been the drugs of choice for managing inflammation. However, reports of unpleasant side effects have necessitated a search for new anti-inflammatory agents which have minimal side effects. Marine-derived natural products continue to make significant contributions in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries and a number of extracts and compounds from marine origin have shown promise as anti-inflammatory agents. In Ghana, extracts that have been screened for their potential anti-inflammatory effects have almost exclusively come from plants. In this work, the anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from three different marine mollusks (Oliva sp., Patella rustica, and Littorina littorea) were evaluated. Extracts were obtained by cold maceration. The carrageenan-induced paw edema model in seven-day old chicks was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory potentials. Of the extracts tested, the ethyl acetate fraction of Oliva sp. was the most potent, with an ED50 of 10.16 mg/kg. The ethanol extract of L. littorea proved to be least effective in reducing inflammation, with an ED50 value of 119.80 mg/kg. When compared, extracts from Oliva sp. seemed to possess greater anti-inflammatory potentials than either P. rustica or L. littorea counterparts. The ethyl acetate fraction of Oliva sp. was a potent and promising anti-inflammatory agent and could be explored for anti-inflammatory lead compounds.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1364063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48576645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1318476
Xuesheng Han, Tory L. Parker
Abstract Melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil (MEO), commonly known as tea tree oil, is popularly used in skincare products. In the current study, we investigated the biological activity of a commercially available MEO (with terpinen-4-ol as the major active component) in pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts, which were designed to simulate chronic inflammation. We analyzed the levels of seventeen biomarkers that are important in inflammation and tissue remodeling. Additionally, we studied the effect of MEO on genome-wide gene expression. MEO showed a robust antiproliferative activity against the cells. It also increased the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, an inflammatory chemokine, and several tissue remodeling molecules such as epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase 1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2. It was also noted that MEO diversely modulated global gene expression. Furthermore, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that MEO affects many important signaling pathways that are closely related to metabolism, which suggests its potential modulation of metabolism. The results provide an important evidence of the biological activity of MEO in human dermal fibroblasts. They also suggest that MEO plays useful roles in tissue remodeling and metabolism; however, further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these actions.
{"title":"Melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil demonstrates tissue-remodeling and metabolism-modulating activities in human skin cells","authors":"Xuesheng Han, Tory L. Parker","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1318476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1318476","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil (MEO), commonly known as tea tree oil, is popularly used in skincare products. In the current study, we investigated the biological activity of a commercially available MEO (with terpinen-4-ol as the major active component) in pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts, which were designed to simulate chronic inflammation. We analyzed the levels of seventeen biomarkers that are important in inflammation and tissue remodeling. Additionally, we studied the effect of MEO on genome-wide gene expression. MEO showed a robust antiproliferative activity against the cells. It also increased the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, an inflammatory chemokine, and several tissue remodeling molecules such as epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase 1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2. It was also noted that MEO diversely modulated global gene expression. Furthermore, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that MEO affects many important signaling pathways that are closely related to metabolism, which suggests its potential modulation of metabolism. The results provide an important evidence of the biological activity of MEO in human dermal fibroblasts. They also suggest that MEO plays useful roles in tissue remodeling and metabolism; however, further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these actions.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1318476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47475067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1294550
M. Ayaki, A. Hattori, Yusuke Maruyama, K. Tsubota, K. Negishi
Abstract We investigated sleep quality and visual symptoms in 30 adults who spent two hours before bedtime using a tablet device with and without the advanced technology of large-scale integration for blue-light reduction and color management. Dry eye- and eye fatigue-related symptom scores were significantly better with than without blue-light reduction. Sleepiness and saliva melatonin during the task were greater with blue-light reduction, however, overnight melatonin secretion and sleep quality parameters were similar in both conditions. In conclusion, tablet devices using large-scale integration for blue-light reduction increased sleepiness and reduced eye fatigue and dryness during tasks before bedtime.
{"title":"Large-scale integration in tablet screens for blue-light reduction with optimized color: The effects on sleep, sleepiness, and ocular parameters","authors":"M. Ayaki, A. Hattori, Yusuke Maruyama, K. Tsubota, K. Negishi","doi":"10.1080/23312025.2017.1294550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23312025.2017.1294550","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated sleep quality and visual symptoms in 30 adults who spent two hours before bedtime using a tablet device with and without the advanced technology of large-scale integration for blue-light reduction and color management. Dry eye- and eye fatigue-related symptom scores were significantly better with than without blue-light reduction. Sleepiness and saliva melatonin during the task were greater with blue-light reduction, however, overnight melatonin secretion and sleep quality parameters were similar in both conditions. In conclusion, tablet devices using large-scale integration for blue-light reduction increased sleepiness and reduced eye fatigue and dryness during tasks before bedtime.","PeriodicalId":10412,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23312025.2017.1294550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42247560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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