Shengchi Fan, Wenjie Zhou, Bilal Al-Nawas, Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón, Rubén Davó
Objectives: To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of quad zygomatic implants (ZIs) as a rescue therapy for patients with failed full-arch implant rehabilitation in the maxilla due to advanced peri-implantitis.
Material and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients treated with the Quad Zygoma Protocol. Primary outcomes included the ZI survival and success rates, and secondary outcomes, the prosthetic success rate and complications.
Results: The study population included 28 consecutive patients who received 112 ZIs between 2006 and 2024, with a mean follow-up of 8.2 ± 4.1 years. In 23 patients, a total of 113 failed conventional implants were removed, and 48 ZIs were immediately placed into the explantation sites. The ZI survival rate was 98.2%, with two ZIs requiring removal due to late complications. The implant success rate was 93.5%, and prosthetic success was achieved in 96.4% of cases. Sinusitis was diagnosed in 8 patients (28.5%) at a mean of 5.92 years postoperatively; all cases were successfully managed medically without implant loss. Soft tissue recession occurred in 9.8% of cases, while oroantral fistula and facial fistula were each observed in 0.9% of implants.
Conclusions: The Quad Zygoma Protocol may represent a reliable and predictable option for the rescue of failed maxillary full-arch implant rehabilitations. Despite a relatively high prevalence of sinusitis, favorable long-term clinical outcomes were achieved with appropriate management.
{"title":"Rescue Therapy With Quad Zygoma After Failure of Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Study With a Mean Follow-Up of 8 Years.","authors":"Shengchi Fan, Wenjie Zhou, Bilal Al-Nawas, Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón, Rubén Davó","doi":"10.1111/clr.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of quad zygomatic implants (ZIs) as a rescue therapy for patients with failed full-arch implant rehabilitation in the maxilla due to advanced peri-implantitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients treated with the Quad Zygoma Protocol. Primary outcomes included the ZI survival and success rates, and secondary outcomes, the prosthetic success rate and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population included 28 consecutive patients who received 112 ZIs between 2006 and 2024, with a mean follow-up of 8.2 ± 4.1 years. In 23 patients, a total of 113 failed conventional implants were removed, and 48 ZIs were immediately placed into the explantation sites. The ZI survival rate was 98.2%, with two ZIs requiring removal due to late complications. The implant success rate was 93.5%, and prosthetic success was achieved in 96.4% of cases. Sinusitis was diagnosed in 8 patients (28.5%) at a mean of 5.92 years postoperatively; all cases were successfully managed medically without implant loss. Soft tissue recession occurred in 9.8% of cases, while oroantral fistula and facial fistula were each observed in 0.9% of implants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Quad Zygoma Protocol may represent a reliable and predictable option for the rescue of failed maxillary full-arch implant rehabilitations. Despite a relatively high prevalence of sinusitis, favorable long-term clinical outcomes were achieved with appropriate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flavio Seijas Naya, Juan C Bernabeu Mira, Alba Pérez Jardón, Mercedes Conde Amboage, David Peñarrocha Oltra, Fabio Camacho Alonso, Mario Pérez Sayáns
Objective: This study follows a 2-year evaluation to verify marginal bone remodeling (MBR) trends associated with different abutment designs.
Methods: A balanced, randomised, double-blind clinical trial with two parallel experimental arms. 68 implants were placed in 9 men and 12 women, 48.5% using the straight abutment and 51.5% the concave abutment. The primary variable was peri-implant tissue stability, measured by marginal bone loss (MBL) or gain (MBG) through digital radiology. Mixed linear regression models and Additive Generalized Additive Models were constructed to estimate MBR, simultaneously considering the variables abutment height, group, and time.
Results: At 24 months, linear mixed-effects regression models revealed that the concave abutment group exhibited significantly less MBL than the straight abutment group across mesial, distal, and average measurements (p = 0.006-0.026). Significant interactions between abutment type and time at 8 weeks and 6 months suggest early and sustained benefits of the concave design. At 24 months, this effect remained significant except in the mesial model (p = 0.072). Abutment height was positively associated with MBL, particularly in the straight group; however, in the concave group, greater height mitigated bone loss (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Concave abutments demonstrated a potential advantage in reducing early marginal bone loss and promoting mid-term bone stability compared to straight abutments. Their design may enhance soft tissue adaptation, contributing to improved peri-implant bone preservation. While increased abutment height showed a protective effect in the concave group, these findings require confirmation. Further long-term studies are warranted to validate these results and clarify their clinical relevance.
{"title":"Influence of Abutment Shape on Implant Marginal Bone Remodeling: A Double-Blind, Randomized 24-Month Clinical Study.","authors":"Flavio Seijas Naya, Juan C Bernabeu Mira, Alba Pérez Jardón, Mercedes Conde Amboage, David Peñarrocha Oltra, Fabio Camacho Alonso, Mario Pérez Sayáns","doi":"10.1111/clr.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study follows a 2-year evaluation to verify marginal bone remodeling (MBR) trends associated with different abutment designs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A balanced, randomised, double-blind clinical trial with two parallel experimental arms. 68 implants were placed in 9 men and 12 women, 48.5% using the straight abutment and 51.5% the concave abutment. The primary variable was peri-implant tissue stability, measured by marginal bone loss (MBL) or gain (MBG) through digital radiology. Mixed linear regression models and Additive Generalized Additive Models were constructed to estimate MBR, simultaneously considering the variables abutment height, group, and time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 24 months, linear mixed-effects regression models revealed that the concave abutment group exhibited significantly less MBL than the straight abutment group across mesial, distal, and average measurements (p = 0.006-0.026). Significant interactions between abutment type and time at 8 weeks and 6 months suggest early and sustained benefits of the concave design. At 24 months, this effect remained significant except in the mesial model (p = 0.072). Abutment height was positively associated with MBL, particularly in the straight group; however, in the concave group, greater height mitigated bone loss (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Concave abutments demonstrated a potential advantage in reducing early marginal bone loss and promoting mid-term bone stability compared to straight abutments. Their design may enhance soft tissue adaptation, contributing to improved peri-implant bone preservation. While increased abutment height showed a protective effect in the concave group, these findings require confirmation. Further long-term studies are warranted to validate these results and clarify their clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145854929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haider Alramli, Robert Kelley, Stavros Sofos, Theofilos Koutouzis
Objectives The aim was to compare buccal bone dimensional changes following implant placement with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR), using either a submerged or transmucosal healing approach. Materials and Methods In this randomized, controlled clinical study, twenty‐eight patients with a single implant placed at a restorative‐driven position and with at least 2 mm of the coronal aspect of the implant exposed were allocated to be treated with GBR, either with a submerged healing approach (SBM Group) or a transmucosal healing approach (TSM Group). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies were taken immediately following treatment (T0) and at 4 months (T1). Vertical bone gain (VGAIN) was the primary outcome variable. Defect resolution, radiographic vertical defect height (RVDH), and radiographic bone thickness (RBT) were evaluated and compared. Results No significant differences were found between the groups for defect height resolution, VGAIN, RVDH, and RBT ( p > 0.05). A significant reduction in RBT was found between T0 and T1 within the groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusion The study found no significant differences in buccal bone dimensional changes between submerged and transmucosal healing approaches when implants were placed with simultaneous GBR.
{"title":"Buccal Bone Dimensional Changes Following Implant Placement and Guided Bone Regeneration With Submerged or Transmucosal Approach: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study","authors":"Haider Alramli, Robert Kelley, Stavros Sofos, Theofilos Koutouzis","doi":"10.1111/clr.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70083","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives The aim was to compare buccal bone dimensional changes following implant placement with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR), using either a submerged or transmucosal healing approach. Materials and Methods In this randomized, controlled clinical study, twenty‐eight patients with a single implant placed at a restorative‐driven position and with at least 2 mm of the coronal aspect of the implant exposed were allocated to be treated with GBR, either with a submerged healing approach (SBM Group) or a transmucosal healing approach (TSM Group). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies were taken immediately following treatment (T0) and at 4 months (T1). Vertical bone gain (VGAIN) was the primary outcome variable. Defect resolution, radiographic vertical defect height (RVDH), and radiographic bone thickness (RBT) were evaluated and compared. Results No significant differences were found between the groups for defect height resolution, VGAIN, RVDH, and RBT ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> > 0.05). A significant reduction in RBT was found between T0 and T1 within the groups ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). Conclusion The study found no significant differences in buccal bone dimensional changes between submerged and transmucosal healing approaches when implants were placed with simultaneous GBR.","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leoluca Valeriani,Arianna Giovannini,Nicola Marco Sforza,Luca Landi,Cristiano Tomasi,Marco Montevecchi
BACKGROUND AND AIMTo systematically analyze the impact of biofilm disruption and decontamination methods on the surface of dental implants and abutments.METHODSA systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in September 2024. Only quantitative studies analyzing surface alterations caused by physical, mechanical, and chemical decontamination procedures were included. The risk of bias was assessed.RESULTSTwenty-nine studies, all in vitro, were selected. Surface alterations were assessed using profilometer and microscope and were reported through Ra, Rz, and Sa roughness parameters. Differences in surface roughness between control and test groups were evaluated. For titanium machined surfaces, the surface roughness increases or decreases in 96% of cases for Ra and 100% for Sa and Rz, with no consistent pattern. Titanium modified surfaces generally show a reduction trend in roughness parameters following decontamination, though the extent and consistency of this reduction vary across studies. Few studies on zirconia reported minimal surface alteration, with Ra changes between -0.05 and 0.06 and Sa between 0.2 and 0.8 μm. Overall, due to methodological variability, no universally safe tool for maintaining surface integrity could be clearly identified.CONCLUSIONSThe inconclusive and heterogeneous nature of the findings suggests that surface alterations should be considered alongside other factors, rather than as a stand-alone determinant, when selecting implant surface decontamination methods. Clinical trials are suggested to assess the impact of these alterations on clinical outcomes, such as bacterial growth and biological complications.
背景与目的系统分析生物膜破坏和去污方法对种植体和基牙表面的影响。方法于2024年9月对PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science进行系统检索。仅定量研究分析了由物理、机械和化学净化程序引起的表面变化。评估偏倚风险。结果入选29项体外研究。使用轮廓仪和显微镜评估表面变化，并通过Ra， Rz和Sa粗糙度参数报告。评估对照组和试验组之间表面粗糙度的差异。对于钛加工表面，Ra的表面粗糙度增加或减少的比例为96%，Sa和Rz的表面粗糙度增加或减少的比例为100%，但没有一致的规律。钛改性表面在去污后粗糙度参数一般呈降低趋势，尽管这种降低的程度和一致性在不同的研究中有所不同。氧化锆表面变化较小，Ra变化在-0.05 ~ 0.06 μm之间，Sa变化在0.2 ~ 0.8 μm之间。总的来说，由于方法的可变性，没有普遍安全的工具来保持表面完整性可以清楚地确定。结论：研究结果的不确定性和异质性表明，在选择种植体表面净化方法时，表面改变应与其他因素一起考虑，而不是作为一个单独的决定因素。建议进行临床试验，以评估这些改变对临床结果的影响，如细菌生长和生物学并发症。
{"title":"Impact of Biofilm Decontamination Methods on Implant-Abutment Surface Integrity: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies.","authors":"Leoluca Valeriani,Arianna Giovannini,Nicola Marco Sforza,Luca Landi,Cristiano Tomasi,Marco Montevecchi","doi":"10.1111/clr.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70077","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIMTo systematically analyze the impact of biofilm disruption and decontamination methods on the surface of dental implants and abutments.METHODSA systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in September 2024. Only quantitative studies analyzing surface alterations caused by physical, mechanical, and chemical decontamination procedures were included. The risk of bias was assessed.RESULTSTwenty-nine studies, all in vitro, were selected. Surface alterations were assessed using profilometer and microscope and were reported through Ra, Rz, and Sa roughness parameters. Differences in surface roughness between control and test groups were evaluated. For titanium machined surfaces, the surface roughness increases or decreases in 96% of cases for Ra and 100% for Sa and Rz, with no consistent pattern. Titanium modified surfaces generally show a reduction trend in roughness parameters following decontamination, though the extent and consistency of this reduction vary across studies. Few studies on zirconia reported minimal surface alteration, with Ra changes between -0.05 and 0.06 and Sa between 0.2 and 0.8 μm. Overall, due to methodological variability, no universally safe tool for maintaining surface integrity could be clearly identified.CONCLUSIONSThe inconclusive and heterogeneous nature of the findings suggests that surface alterations should be considered alongside other factors, rather than as a stand-alone determinant, when selecting implant surface decontamination methods. Clinical trials are suggested to assess the impact of these alterations on clinical outcomes, such as bacterial growth and biological complications.","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karin Jepsen, Søren Jepsen, Christoph H. F. Hämmerle, Leonardo Mancini, Franz J. Strauss, Malin Strasdin, Stefan Hicklin, Mariano Sanz, Ignacio Sanz‐Martin, Daniel S. Thoma, Irena Sailer
Aim To assess 3‐year changes of peri‐implant tissues following previous soft tissue (volume) augmentation (STA) with a volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) or connective tissue (SCTG) at single‐implant restorations. Material and Methods In a non‐interventional follow‐up observation, peri‐implant tissues were evaluated with regard to buccal mucosal thickness (MT) and contour, peri‐implant conditions: probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque (PI), mucosal margin level/crown height (CH), and clinician‐reported esthetics (PE and PES). Patient‐ and clinician‐reported satisfaction was recorded at 3 years (VAS). Mixed‐effects models were used to compare the groups. Results Fifty‐six patients (age: 48.0 ± 15.5 years) were followed. MT changes over time did not differ between groups [3.9 ± 1.4 mm to 2.6 ± 1.1 mm for VCMX; 3.8 ± 1.3 mm to 2.9 ± 1.2 mm for SCTG]. The estimated intergroup mean difference (VCMX–SCTG) was 0.2 mm ( p = 0.587). Mucosal recession was minimal in both groups [0.2 ± 1.0 mm (VCMX) and 0.2 ± 0.6 mm (SCTG)]. At 3 years, intergroup differences in PE scores amounted to 0.5 at mesial ( p = 0.06) and distal sites ( p = 0.023) in favor of SCTG. PES scores were high in both groups (VCMX = 10.8; SCTG = 10.9) with no significant differences between the groups ( p = 0.580). Patient‐reported satisfaction with overall esthetics was high (VAS: SCTG = 9.5; VCMX = 9.6) with no significant intergroup differences. Clinician‐reported satisfaction was significantly higher for SCTG (VAS: 8.5) compared with VCMX (VAS: 7.4; p = 0.04). Conclusion Both VCMX and SCTG maintained stable peri‐implant soft tissues with minimal contour changes 3 years after implant loading. Clinician‐reported outcome—esthetics overall—favored SCTG; however, patient‐reported outcomes did not support this finding.
目的评估在单种植体修复中使用体积稳定的胶原基质（VCMX）或结缔组织（SCTG）进行软组织（体积）增强（STA）后3年种植体周围组织的变化。材料和方法在非介入性随访观察中，对种植体周围组织进行评估，包括颊粘膜厚度（MT）和轮廓，种植体周围情况：探探深度（PD），探探出血（BOP），斑块（PI），粘膜边缘水平/冠高度（CH），以及临床医生报告的美学（PE和PES）。在3年（VAS）时记录患者和临床医生报告的满意度。混合效应模型用于组间比较。结果随访56例患者（年龄：48.0±15.5岁）。MT随时间的变化各组间无差异[VCMX组为3.9±1.4 mm至2.6±1.1 mm；SCTG为3.8±1.3 mm ~ 2.9±1.2 mm。估计组间平均差（VCMX-SCTG）为0.2 mm （p = 0.587）。两组患者的粘膜萎缩都很小[0.2±1.0 mm （VCMX）和0.2±0.6 mm (SCTG)]。3年时，组间PE评分在中端（p = 0.06）和远端（p = 0.023）处的差异为0.5，有利于SCTG。两组患者PES评分均较高（VCMX = 10.8; SCTG = 10.9），组间差异无统计学意义（p = 0.580）。患者报告的整体美学满意度较高（VAS: SCTG = 9.5; VCMX = 9.6），组间无显著差异。临床医生报告的满意度SCTG （VAS: 8.5）明显高于VCMX （VAS: 7.4; p = 0.04）。结论VCMX和SCTG均能在种植体加载3年后保持种植体周围软组织稳定，轮廓变化最小。临床医生报告的结果-美学总体上支持SCTG；然而，患者报告的结果并不支持这一发现。
{"title":"Changes in Peri‐Implant Soft Tissue Dimensions Following Soft Tissue Contour Augmentation: A 3‐Year Follow‐Up of a Multi‐Center RCT","authors":"Karin Jepsen, Søren Jepsen, Christoph H. F. Hämmerle, Leonardo Mancini, Franz J. Strauss, Malin Strasdin, Stefan Hicklin, Mariano Sanz, Ignacio Sanz‐Martin, Daniel S. Thoma, Irena Sailer","doi":"10.1111/clr.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70078","url":null,"abstract":"Aim To assess 3‐year changes of peri‐implant tissues following previous soft tissue (volume) augmentation (STA) with a volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) or connective tissue (SCTG) at single‐implant restorations. Material and Methods In a non‐interventional follow‐up observation, peri‐implant tissues were evaluated with regard to buccal mucosal thickness (MT) and contour, peri‐implant conditions: probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque (PI), mucosal margin level/crown height (CH), and clinician‐reported esthetics (PE and PES). Patient‐ and clinician‐reported satisfaction was recorded at 3 years (VAS). Mixed‐effects models were used to compare the groups. Results Fifty‐six patients (age: 48.0 ± 15.5 years) were followed. MT changes over time did not differ between groups [3.9 ± 1.4 mm to 2.6 ± 1.1 mm for VCMX; 3.8 ± 1.3 mm to 2.9 ± 1.2 mm for SCTG]. The estimated intergroup mean difference (VCMX–SCTG) was 0.2 mm ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.587). Mucosal recession was minimal in both groups [0.2 ± 1.0 mm (VCMX) and 0.2 ± 0.6 mm (SCTG)]. At 3 years, intergroup differences in PE scores amounted to 0.5 at mesial ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.06) and distal sites ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.023) in favor of SCTG. PES scores were high in both groups (VCMX = 10.8; SCTG = 10.9) with no significant differences between the groups ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.580). Patient‐reported satisfaction with overall esthetics was high (VAS: SCTG = 9.5; VCMX = 9.6) with no significant intergroup differences. Clinician‐reported satisfaction was significantly higher for SCTG (VAS: 8.5) compared with VCMX (VAS: 7.4; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.04). Conclusion Both VCMX and SCTG maintained stable peri‐implant soft tissues with minimal contour changes 3 years after implant loading. Clinician‐reported outcome—esthetics overall—favored SCTG; however, patient‐reported outcomes did not support this finding.","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"232 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ingvild Nysæther,Håvard Jostein Haugen,Thaqif El Khassawna,Reem Jamous,Shoresh Afnan,Marco Santacroce,Linda Z Arvidsson,Torben Hildebrand,S Petter Lyngstadaas,Jan Eirik Ellingsen
OBJECTIVESThis study evaluates the safety and osteoconductive potential of a ceramic TiO2 scaffold in human alveolar bone, hypothesising that placement in human extraction sockets is safe, supports bone ingrowth and preserves ridge dimensions.MATERIAL AND METHODSNine subjects requiring the extraction of ≥ 1 premolar or molar tooth were enrolled. Full-thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated. Following tooth extraction, porous ceramic TiO2 scaffolds were adjusted chair-side, placed into the extraction socket and covered by a resorbable collagen membrane. After 6 months of healing, before dental implant placement, a biopsy was performed at the site where the scaffold had been placed. Histomorphometric and micro-CT analyses were made. CBCT images were made at baseline and at 6 months to assess alveolar ridge dimensional changes. Implants placed in regenerated bone were followed for 21 months.RESULTSScaffold customisation with chairside adjustment was straightforward. No serious adverse events were observed during the 6 months following scaffold implantation. One scaffold was removed due to an early exposure, while the remaining 9 scaffolds successfully integrated. Two sites presented with minor soft tissue dehiscences at 1-2 weeks, which healed spontaneously. Micro-CT and histology confirmed new bone formation. Soft tissue healing was favourable, with no adverse reactions. Dimensional analysis revealed minimal changes in alveolar ridge width and height, indicating effective preservation of volume.CONCLUSIONSThis clinical study confirms that TiO2 scaffolds are a safe and effective option for promoting bone regrowth and preserving volume in human alveolar bone, thereby facilitating bone formation and maintaining ridge dimensions post-extraction.TRIAL REGISTRATIONThis trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06269497) on 1 December 2022.
{"title":"Clinical Performance of Ultra-Porous TiO2 Scaffold as Bone Graft Substitute in Human Alveolar Ridge Preservation-A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Ingvild Nysæther,Håvard Jostein Haugen,Thaqif El Khassawna,Reem Jamous,Shoresh Afnan,Marco Santacroce,Linda Z Arvidsson,Torben Hildebrand,S Petter Lyngstadaas,Jan Eirik Ellingsen","doi":"10.1111/clr.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70074","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVESThis study evaluates the safety and osteoconductive potential of a ceramic TiO2 scaffold in human alveolar bone, hypothesising that placement in human extraction sockets is safe, supports bone ingrowth and preserves ridge dimensions.MATERIAL AND METHODSNine subjects requiring the extraction of ≥ 1 premolar or molar tooth were enrolled. Full-thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated. Following tooth extraction, porous ceramic TiO2 scaffolds were adjusted chair-side, placed into the extraction socket and covered by a resorbable collagen membrane. After 6 months of healing, before dental implant placement, a biopsy was performed at the site where the scaffold had been placed. Histomorphometric and micro-CT analyses were made. CBCT images were made at baseline and at 6 months to assess alveolar ridge dimensional changes. Implants placed in regenerated bone were followed for 21 months.RESULTSScaffold customisation with chairside adjustment was straightforward. No serious adverse events were observed during the 6 months following scaffold implantation. One scaffold was removed due to an early exposure, while the remaining 9 scaffolds successfully integrated. Two sites presented with minor soft tissue dehiscences at 1-2 weeks, which healed spontaneously. Micro-CT and histology confirmed new bone formation. Soft tissue healing was favourable, with no adverse reactions. Dimensional analysis revealed minimal changes in alveolar ridge width and height, indicating effective preservation of volume.CONCLUSIONSThis clinical study confirms that TiO2 scaffolds are a safe and effective option for promoting bone regrowth and preserving volume in human alveolar bone, thereby facilitating bone formation and maintaining ridge dimensions post-extraction.TRIAL REGISTRATIONThis trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06269497) on 1 December 2022.","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Porta‐Ferrer, Basel Elnayef‐Elsakan, Fernando Suárez‐López del Amo, Jordi Caballé‐Serrano, Marta Satorres‐Nieto, Federico Hernández‐Alfaro
Objectives The objective of this RCT was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes after immediate implant placement and temporization of two neck geometries: a traditional round neck (RN) and an innovative triangular neck (TN). Materials and Methods Thirty‐six patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to TN (test) or RN (control) groups for an immediate implant placement and provisionalization protocol in the anterior maxilla. Buccal bone width (BBW) was assessed by cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) immediately after implant placement and 4 months later, when the definitive crown was placed. The following parameters were measured on the day of surgery: insertion torque (IT), implant stability quotient (ISQ), crestal width (CW), and soft tissue thickness (STT) at 3 and 5 mm from the gingival margin. Postoperatively, at 4 and 12 months, the MBL, pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), CW, and STT at 3 and 5 mm were recorded. Results Two implants per group failed to integrate; in both groups, 1 year implant survival and success rates were 88.9%. At 4 months, BBW was not significantly different between groups ( p > 0.05). At 12 months, no significant differences were found in MBL, PD, BOP, CW, or STT ( p > 0.05). Conclusions This randomized trial did not demonstrate superiority of the triangular neck over the round neck at 12 months. Estimates and confidence intervals are compatible with small between‐group differences. As the study was not designed or powered for equivalence, no equivalence claims are made. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05944419
本RCT的目的是比较两种颈部几何形状（传统的圆颈（RN）和创新的三角形颈（TN））即刻植入和延期后的临床和影像学结果。材料和方法36例患者被随机分为TN组（试验组）和RN组（对照组），接受上颌前牙即刻种植和预备方案。种植体放置后立即和4个月后放置最终冠时，通过锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）评估颊骨宽度（BBW）。在手术当天测量以下参数：插入扭矩（IT）、种植体稳定商（ISQ）、牙冠宽度（CW）和距龈缘3和5 mm处的软组织厚度（STT）。术后4个月和12个月分别记录MBL、口袋深度（PD）、探查出血（BOP）、连续波（CW）和3、5 mm STT。结果每组2枚种植体整合失败；两组1年种植体成活率和成功率均为88.9%。4个月时，两组间BBW差异无统计学意义（p > 0.05）。12个月时，MBL、PD、BOP、CW或STT无显著差异（p > 0.05）。结论：在12个月时，该随机试验并未证明三角形颈部优于圆形颈部。估计和置信区间与组间的小差异是一致的。由于该研究的设计或动力不是等效的，因此没有提出等效声明。试验注册ClinicalTrials.gov识别码：NCT05944419
{"title":"Influence of Neck Design on Peri‐Implant Hard and Soft Tissues: A 12‐Month Randomized Clinical Trial of Immediately Placed Implants","authors":"Cristina Porta‐Ferrer, Basel Elnayef‐Elsakan, Fernando Suárez‐López del Amo, Jordi Caballé‐Serrano, Marta Satorres‐Nieto, Federico Hernández‐Alfaro","doi":"10.1111/clr.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70068","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives The objective of this RCT was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes after immediate implant placement and temporization of two neck geometries: a traditional round neck (RN) and an innovative triangular neck (TN). Materials and Methods Thirty‐six patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to TN (test) or RN (control) groups for an immediate implant placement and provisionalization protocol in the anterior maxilla. Buccal bone width (BBW) was assessed by cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) immediately after implant placement and 4 months later, when the definitive crown was placed. The following parameters were measured on the day of surgery: insertion torque (IT), implant stability quotient (ISQ), crestal width (CW), and soft tissue thickness (STT) at 3 and 5 mm from the gingival margin. Postoperatively, at 4 and 12 months, the MBL, pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), CW, and STT at 3 and 5 mm were recorded. Results Two implants per group failed to integrate; in both groups, 1 year implant survival and success rates were 88.9%. At 4 months, BBW was not significantly different between groups ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> > 0.05). At 12 months, no significant differences were found in MBL, PD, BOP, CW, or STT ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> > 0.05). Conclusions This randomized trial did not demonstrate superiority of the triangular neck over the round neck at 12 months. Estimates and confidence intervals are compatible with small between‐group differences. As the study was not designed or powered for equivalence, no equivalence claims are made. Trial Registration <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http://clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov</jats:ext-link> identifier: NCT05944419","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145583118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin, Lars Vanmunster, Brecht Van Hooreweder, Kenneth Siemons, Kristel Bernaerts, Wim Teughels, Annabel Braem, Naiera Zayed
Background and Objectives
Peri-implantitis, a biofilm-associated inflammatory disease, significantly threatens dental implant longevity. Current treatments face limitations due to biofilm robustness. This study evaluates the efficacy of antimicrobial-releasing titanium-silica (Ti/SiO2) composite implant systems against multispecies oral biofilms, aiming to advance innovative localized and targeted peri-implantitis prevention and management strategies.
Materials and Methods
Ti/SiO2 inserts were engineered with macroporous Ti6Al4V discs produced by additive manufacturing (AM) and a sol–gel-derived mesoporous SiO2 barrier for controlled antimicrobial release across the discs. Chlorhexidine (CHX), as the gold standard antimicrobial agent in dental practice, was tested for its release efficacy using either a laboratory-prepared chlorhexidine diacetate solution (CHX-DA) or the commercial formulation Corsodyl. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Brain Heart Infusion-2 (BHI-2) medium served as control solutions. After establishing the CHX-DA release profile, multispecies biofilms were grown on the inserts. The antimicrobial efficacy of the release systems was assessed via viability-qPCR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and metabolic acid profiling. All experiments were conducted four times.
Results
A mean pore diameter of 5.6 nm was observed for the discs, resulting in a steady drug release rate (≈0.00077 mmol/L CHX-DA/day). The antimicrobial-fed inserts showed less biofilm formation, with ≥ 2 log10 reductions in viable bacteria compared to controls. CHX-DA and Corsodyl showed effective suppression of pathogenic bacteria and reductions in metabolic acid production. SEM analysis revealed morphological changes in bacterial cells on treated surfaces.
Conclusion
Antimicrobial-releasing Ti/SiO2 implant discs demonstrated sustained efficacy in biofilm prevention and treatment, indicating their feasibility as a future strategy for peri-implantitis management.
{"title":"Antimicrobial-Releasing Implant Substrates for Combating Oral Biofilms: An In Vitro Study","authors":"Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin, Lars Vanmunster, Brecht Van Hooreweder, Kenneth Siemons, Kristel Bernaerts, Wim Teughels, Annabel Braem, Naiera Zayed","doi":"10.1111/clr.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peri-implantitis, a biofilm-associated inflammatory disease, significantly threatens dental implant longevity. Current treatments face limitations due to biofilm robustness. This study evaluates the efficacy of antimicrobial-releasing titanium-silica (Ti/SiO<sub>2</sub>) composite implant systems against multispecies oral biofilms, aiming to advance innovative localized and targeted peri-implantitis prevention and management strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ti/SiO<sub>2</sub> inserts were engineered with macroporous Ti6Al4V discs produced by additive manufacturing (AM) and a sol–gel-derived mesoporous SiO<sub>2</sub> barrier for controlled antimicrobial release across the discs. Chlorhexidine (CHX), as the gold standard antimicrobial agent in dental practice, was tested for its release efficacy using either a laboratory-prepared chlorhexidine diacetate solution (CHX-DA) or the commercial formulation Corsodyl. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Brain Heart Infusion-2 (BHI-2) medium served as control solutions. After establishing the CHX-DA release profile, multispecies biofilms were grown on the inserts. The antimicrobial efficacy of the release systems was assessed via viability-qPCR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and metabolic acid profiling. All experiments were conducted four times.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A mean pore diameter of 5.6 nm was observed for the discs, resulting in a steady drug release rate (≈0.00077 mmol/L CHX-DA/day). The antimicrobial-fed inserts showed less biofilm formation, with ≥ 2 log<sub>10</sub> reductions in viable bacteria compared to controls. CHX-DA and Corsodyl showed effective suppression of pathogenic bacteria and reductions in metabolic acid production. SEM analysis revealed morphological changes in bacterial cells on treated surfaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antimicrobial-releasing Ti/SiO<sub>2</sub> implant discs demonstrated sustained efficacy in biofilm prevention and treatment, indicating their feasibility as a future strategy for peri-implantitis management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 2","pages":"210-223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/clr.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effects of controlled in vivo repetitive mechanical loading on peri-implant tissue quantity and quality in a bisphosphonate (BP)-treated osteoporosis-like rat model.
Materials and Methods
At 3 months post-ovariectomy, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either alendronate (ALN) or saline. Bilateral maxillary first molars were extracted at 9 weeks old, and Grade IV titanium implants were placed in healed alveolar ridges 4 weeks after starting treatment. Four weeks postimplantation, sites were randomly assigned to test (Load) or control (Non-load) groups. The Load group received controlled mechanical loading (10 N, 3 Hz, 1800 cycles, 2 days/week) via implants for 2 weeks. Peri-implant bone quantity and quality parameters were assessed, including micro-computed tomography (microCT)-derived morphometry, bone-related cell distribution, collagen composition and alignment, and sclerostin expression.
Results
BRONJ stage 0-like lesions, characterized by necrotic bone with epithelium coverage, were observed in all ALN-treated maxillae. Despite comparable epithelial and microCT morphometry (p > 0.05), the Load group demonstrated significantly improved bone quality around implants, with reduced necrotic bone, higher osteocyte density, fewer osteoclasts and TRAP-positive mononuclear cells at the crestal site (p < 0.05), and greater deposition of well-aligned type I collagen (p < 0.05). Conversely, the Non-load group exhibited substantially larger necrotic areas, increased empty lacunae, reduced osteocyte density, increased sclerostin expression, and more disorganized type III collagen (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
This study is the first to demonstrate that implant loading alleviates BRONJ stage 0-like lesions by enhancing peri-implant bone quality. Mechanical loading promotes peri-implant bone health through cellular adaptation and extracellular matrix remodeling, even under BP-treated osteoporotic-like conditions.
{"title":"Mechanical Loading Alleviates BRONJ-Like Lesions Around Implants Under Osteoporotic Conditions: An In Vivo Experimental Model","authors":"Juo Pei Lee, Shinichiro Kuroshima, Yusuke Uto, Kazunori Nakajima, Takashi Sawase","doi":"10.1111/clr.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the effects of controlled in vivo repetitive mechanical loading on peri-implant tissue quantity and quality in a bisphosphonate (BP)-treated osteoporosis-like rat model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At 3 months post-ovariectomy, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either alendronate (ALN) or saline. Bilateral maxillary first molars were extracted at 9 weeks old, and Grade IV titanium implants were placed in healed alveolar ridges 4 weeks after starting treatment. Four weeks postimplantation, sites were randomly assigned to test (Load) or control (Non-load) groups. The Load group received controlled mechanical loading (10 N, 3 Hz, 1800 cycles, 2 days/week) via implants for 2 weeks. Peri-implant bone quantity and quality parameters were assessed, including micro-computed tomography (microCT)-derived morphometry, bone-related cell distribution, collagen composition and alignment, and sclerostin expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BRONJ stage 0-like lesions, characterized by necrotic bone with epithelium coverage, were observed in all ALN-treated maxillae. Despite comparable epithelial and microCT morphometry (<i>p</i> > 0.05), the Load group demonstrated significantly improved bone quality around implants, with reduced necrotic bone, higher osteocyte density, fewer osteoclasts and TRAP-positive mononuclear cells at the crestal site (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and greater deposition of well-aligned type I collagen (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conversely, the Non-load group exhibited substantially larger necrotic areas, increased empty lacunae, reduced osteocyte density, increased sclerostin expression, and more disorganized type III collagen (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is the first to demonstrate that implant loading alleviates BRONJ stage 0-like lesions by enhancing peri-implant bone quality. Mechanical loading promotes peri-implant bone health through cellular adaptation and extracellular matrix remodeling, even under BP-treated osteoporotic-like conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 2","pages":"185-200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergio García‐Moreno, Rosa María López‐Pintor, Isabel Leco‐Berrocal, Jesús Torres, José González‐Serrano
Objective To evaluate the effect of a cellulose‐based oral wound dressing (OWD) stabilized with flowable resin (FR), in combination with hemostatic sponges, on patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) after palatal graft harvesting. Materials and Methods This randomized clinical trial included patients requiring soft tissue augmentation with dental implants. Participants were allocated to three groups: OWD and FR (OWDFR), cyanoacrylate (CY), or palatal plate (PP). The primary outcome was postoperative pain, assessed with a 10‐cm visual analog scale (VAS) over 14 days. Secondary outcomes were analgesic consumption, oral health‐related quality of life (OHIP‐14), postoperative bleeding, and willingness to repeat the procedure. Results Sixty‐one patients were enrolled. The OWDFR group reported lower VAS values on Days 1, 2, 3, and 7 compared with CY and PP ( p < 0.05). On Day 2, VAS scores were significantly lower in OWDFR, with mean differences of −1.94 versus CY and −2.12 versus PP ( p < 0.01). Analgesic intake differed significantly on Days 3 and 5; on Day 3, OWDFR consumed −0.89 tablets compared to PP and CY consumed −0.95 tablets compared to PP (both p < 0.05). OHIP‐14 scores were similar across groups, but OWDFR patients reported greater early postoperative comfort. No bleeding or adverse events occurred. All OWDFR patients were willing to repeat the procedure, compared with 90% in CY and 85% in PP. Conclusions The combination of a bioadhesive OWD with FR appears to be a safe and minimally invasive method for protecting palatal donor sites. It reduces postoperative pain and analgesic use while enhancing comfort, supporting its incorporation into routine clinical protocols. Trial Registration Protocol registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06408792)
{"title":"Impact of a Bioadhesive Oral Wound Dressing Combined With Flowable Resin on Patient‐Reported Outcomes After Palatal Graft Harvesting: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Sergio García‐Moreno, Rosa María López‐Pintor, Isabel Leco‐Berrocal, Jesús Torres, José González‐Serrano","doi":"10.1111/clr.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70070","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To evaluate the effect of a cellulose‐based oral wound dressing (OWD) stabilized with flowable resin (FR), in combination with hemostatic sponges, on patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) after palatal graft harvesting. Materials and Methods This randomized clinical trial included patients requiring soft tissue augmentation with dental implants. Participants were allocated to three groups: OWD and FR (OWDFR), cyanoacrylate (CY), or palatal plate (PP). The primary outcome was postoperative pain, assessed with a 10‐cm visual analog scale (VAS) over 14 days. Secondary outcomes were analgesic consumption, oral health‐related quality of life (OHIP‐14), postoperative bleeding, and willingness to repeat the procedure. Results Sixty‐one patients were enrolled. The OWDFR group reported lower VAS values on Days 1, 2, 3, and 7 compared with CY and PP ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). On Day 2, VAS scores were significantly lower in OWDFR, with mean differences of −1.94 versus CY and −2.12 versus PP ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.01). Analgesic intake differed significantly on Days 3 and 5; on Day 3, OWDFR consumed −0.89 tablets compared to PP and CY consumed −0.95 tablets compared to PP (both <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). OHIP‐14 scores were similar across groups, but OWDFR patients reported greater early postoperative comfort. No bleeding or adverse events occurred. All OWDFR patients were willing to repeat the procedure, compared with 90% in CY and 85% in PP. Conclusions The combination of a bioadhesive OWD with FR appears to be a safe and minimally invasive method for protecting palatal donor sites. It reduces postoperative pain and analgesic use while enhancing comfort, supporting its incorporation into routine clinical protocols. Trial Registration Protocol registered at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http://clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov</jats:ext-link> (NCT06408792)","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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