Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging最新文献

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder with profound implications for the reproductive and metabolic health of women. The utilization of anthropometric measures in the diagnosis and management of PCOS has gained increasing attention due to their practicality and predictive capacity for associated conditions such as obesity and insulin resistance. This review rigorously explores the application of various anthropometric indices, including body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and advanced metrics such as the body shape index and body roundness index, wrist circumference, neck circumference. These indices offer critical insights into body fat distribution and its association with the metabolic and hormonal perturbations characteristic of PCOS. The review underscores the necessity of addressing obesity, a prevalent comorbidity in PCOS, through lifestyle modifications and personalized therapeutic approaches. By incorporating anthropometric evaluations into routine clinical practice, healthcare professionals can enhance diagnostic precision, optimize treatment strategies, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. This integrative approach not only facilitates the management of the metabolic challenges inherent in PCOS but also contributes to the development of more individualized therapeutic interventions, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life for women affected by PCOS.

Cross-sectional imaging supplements endoscopy in detecting disease manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of PET/MRI in a paediatric population suspected of IBD. This prospective study consecutively included patients aged 8–17 years under diagnostic evaluation for IBD. Forty-three patients underwent a PET/MRI scan and subsequent ileocolonoscopy, of whom 26 patients diagnosed with IBD participated in a follow-up scan, hereof 19 with Crohn's disease (CD), five with Ulcerative colitis and two with unclassified IBD. The results of PET alone, MRI alone, and PET/MRI combined were compared to a reference standard of endoscopy and histopathology. Of the 208 intestinal segments analysed, 109 showed inflammation, and 99 had no inflammation. In the per-segment analysis PET had a sensitivity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.73–0.93), specificity of 0.59 (95% CI 0.47–0.71), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.73 (95% CI 0.67–0.80). MRI had a sensitivity of 0.52 (95% CI 0.41–0.64), specificity 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.96), and AUROC of 0.72 (95% CI 0.66–0.77). PET/MRI had a sensitivity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.74–0.94), specificity of 0.57 (95% CI 0.44–0.69), and AUROC of 0.77 (95% CI 0.71–0.84). At follow-up, PET and MRI scores decreased, and the change in MRI was able to identify patients with a clinical response. The accuracy of the PET/MRI scan in detecting inflammation in the terminal ileum and colon was moderate and not superior to either modality alone. With technological advances and combined reading, PET/MRI may still be valuable in selected cases.

Ultrasound imaging is extensively used by both practitioners and researchers in assessing muscle thickness (MT); however, its use in the field is constrained by the transportability of stationary devices. New portable ultrasound probes pose as a cost-effective and transportable alternative for field-based assessments. This study evaluated the concurrent validity of a portable probe (Lumify) against a laboratory-based device (Vivid S5) in measuring MT. Eighteen participants (nine males and nine females) visited the laboratory and their MT measurements were collected using each device at five different sites (anterior and posterior arm, anterior and posterior thigh, and posterior lower leg). Bland-Altman plots (systematic and proportional bias, random error, and 95% limits of agreement), Pearson's product–moment correlation coefficient (r), and paired samples t-tests with Cohen's d effect sizes (ES) were used to assess the concurrent validity of the Lumify device. Systematic bias was low at all sites ( ≤ 0.11 cm) while proportional bias was detected only at the posterior lower leg (r² = 0.217 [r = 0.466]). The difference in MT between devices was significant only at the anterior thigh (p < 0.05); however, ES for all sites were considered trivial (ES ≤ 0.131). Linear associations were found between the devices at each site of measurement (r ≥ 0.95). These results highlight that the Lumify probe can be used interchangeably with the Vivid S5 for MT measurements, providing practitioners and researchers with a more cost-effective and portable alternative for field-based assessments.