Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

Study of the dynamic mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of water-saturated sandstone subjected to freeze–thaw alternation

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104520

Haotian Xie , Ying Xu , Qiangqiang Zheng , Meilu Yu , Suqian Ni

To study the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of rock masses subjected to freeze–thaw cycles under dynamic disturbance, dynamic compression tests were performed on water-saturated sandstone samples subjected to different freeze–thaw cycles and strain rates, and the dynamic strength deterioration and energy evolution characteristics were analyzed. By incorporating Lemaitre's strain equivalence principle, a dynamic damage constitutive model of water-saturated sandstone considering the combined action of freeze–thaw cycling and shock loading was proposed, and its validity was verified. The results indicated that with an increasing number of freeze–thaw cycles, the P-wave velocity, dynamic compressive strength, and elastic modulus of water-saturated sandstone samples gradually decreased. After 120 freeze–thaw cycles, the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus at a strain rate of 153.05 s⁻¹ decreased by 21.08 MPa and 3.46 GPa, respectively, compared with those without freeze–thaw cycles. With increasing strain rate, the dynamic compressive strength significantly increased, and the degree of sample fracture progressively intensified. The dissipated energy density showed a positive linear correlation with the strain rate. After 120 freeze–thaw cycles, the dissipated energy density increased from 2.70 J·cm⁻³ at a strain rate of 153.05 s⁻¹ to 6.36 J·cm⁻³ at a strain rate of 271.46 s⁻¹. The energy reflectance under shock loading was proposed to define the freeze–thaw destruction variable in terms of the stress wave propagation theory. An exponential negative correlation existed between energy reflectance and dynamic compressive strength. The established constitutive model could effectively reflect the dynamic characteristics of water-saturated sandstone under the combined action of freeze–thaw cycling and shock loading, and the degree of fit with the test curve was high. The research results provide some references for the safe production of surface mines in cold areas under the influence of dynamic loading.

为研究动态扰动下冻融循环岩体的力学性质和破坏机理，对不同冻融循环和应变速率下的水饱和砂岩样品进行了动态压缩试验，分析了其动态强度劣化和能量演化特征。结合勒梅特应变等效原理，提出了考虑冻融循环和冲击荷载共同作用的水饱和砂岩动态损伤组成模型，并验证了其有效性。结果表明，随着冻融循环次数的增加，水饱和砂岩样品的 P 波速度、动态抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐降低。经过 120 次冻融循环后，应变速率为 153.05 s-1 时的动态抗压强度和弹性模量与未经过冻融循环时相比，分别降低了 21.08 MPa 和 3.46 GPa。随着应变速率的增加，动态抗压强度显著增加，样品断裂程度逐渐加剧。耗散能量密度与应变速率呈正线性关系。经过 120 次冻融循环后，耗散能量密度从应变速率为 153.05 s-1 时的 2.70 J-cm-3 增加到应变速率为 271.46 s-1 时的 6.36 J-cm-3。根据应力波传播理论，提出了冲击加载下的能量反射率来定义冻融破坏变量。能量反射率与动态抗压强度之间存在指数负相关。所建立的构造模型能有效反映冻融循环和冲击荷载共同作用下水饱和砂岩的动态特性，与试验曲线的拟合度较高。研究成果为寒冷地区地表矿山在动力荷载作用下的安全生产提供了一定的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Decennial infrasonic array analysis of snow-avalanche activity in Aosta Valley: New perspectives for supporting avalanche forecasting

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104521

Giacomo Belli , Duccio Gheri , Eloïse Bovet , Nathalie Durand , Paola Dellavedova , Emanuele Marchetti

Snow avalanches rank among the deadliest natural hazards in mountain environments worldwide. Forecasting is mostly based on measuring meteorological forcing, aiming at assessing the probability of event triggering in a certain area. To make forecast models as accurate as possible, information on avalanche occurrence is critical. However, real-time avalanche detection is still challenging and generally limited to radar or visual surveillance of one or a few known avalanche paths; here the need for novel monitoring solutions. In the last decades, infrasound has proven to be a promising tool for real-time detection of avalanches. However, many difficulties still exist, mostly connected to the discrimination of the infrasonic signals from avalanches among the signals radiated by other natural or anthropic sources.

Here we present the analysis of more than 10 years of infrasonic array data recorded at an altitude of

\sim

2000 m in Aosta Valley (Itay). We develop an algorithm aimed at detecting snow-avalanche events based on recorded infrasound and calibrated on two avalanche sequences that occurred in the site. The identified avalanche infrasonic signals are compared with reports of the Regional Avalanche Cadastre and with local snow-depth data to test the accuracy of our algorithm. Results reveal a good performance and suggest the use of infrasound as a supporting tool for early-warning purposes, as it could provide avalanche detection in near real-time also when visual surveillance is prevented.

{"title":"Decennial infrasonic array analysis of snow-avalanche activity in Aosta Valley: New perspectives for supporting avalanche forecasting","authors":"Giacomo Belli , Duccio Gheri , Eloïse Bovet , Nathalie Durand , Paola Dellavedova , Emanuele Marchetti","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Snow avalanches rank among the deadliest natural hazards in mountain environments worldwide. Forecasting is mostly based on measuring meteorological forcing, aiming at assessing the probability of event triggering in a certain area. To make forecast models as accurate as possible, information on avalanche occurrence is critical. However, real-time avalanche detection is still challenging and generally limited to radar or visual surveillance of one or a few known avalanche paths; here the need for novel monitoring solutions. In the last decades, infrasound has proven to be a promising tool for real-time detection of avalanches. However, many difficulties still exist, mostly connected to the discrimination of the infrasonic signals from avalanches among the signals radiated by other natural or anthropic sources.</div><div>Here we present the analysis of more than 10 years of infrasonic array data recorded at an altitude of <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>2000 m in Aosta Valley (Itay). We develop an algorithm aimed at detecting snow-avalanche events based on recorded infrasound and calibrated on two avalanche sequences that occurred in the site. The identified avalanche infrasonic signals are compared with reports of the Regional Avalanche Cadastre and with local snow-depth data to test the accuracy of our algorithm. Results reveal a good performance and suggest the use of infrasound as a supporting tool for early-warning purposes, as it could provide avalanche detection in near real-time also when visual surveillance is prevented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 104521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Triaxial creep tests and DEM simulation of frozen clay incorporating the Burgers model

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104519

Yihui Yan , Dan Chang , Jiankun Liu , Anhua Xu , Lizhen Feng , Zhaohui Sun

In cold regions, the strength and deformation characteristics of frozen soil change over time, displaying different mechanical properties than those of conventional soils. This often results in issues such as ground settlement and deformation. To analyze the rheological characteristics of frozen soil in cold regions, this study conducted triaxial creep tests under various creep deviatoric stresses and established a corresponding Discrete Element Method (DEM) model to examine the micromechanical properties during the creep process of frozen clay. Additionally, the Burgers creep constitutive model was used to theoretically validate the creep deformation test curves. The research findings indicated that frozen clay primarily exhibited attenuated creep behavior. Under low confining pressure and relatively high creep deviatoric stress, non-attenuated creep was more likely to occur. The theoretical model demonstrated good fitting performance, indicating that the Burgers model could effectively describe and predict the creep deformation characteristics of frozen clay. Through discrete element numerical simulations, it was observed that with the increase in axial displacement, particle displacement mainly occurs at both ends of the specimen. Additionally, with the increase in creep deviatoric stress, the specimen exhibits different deformation characteristics, transitioning from volumetric contraction to expansion. At the same time, the vertical contact force chains gradually increase, the trend of particle sliding becomes more pronounced, and internal damage in the specimen progresses from the ends toward the middle.

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引用次数: 0

Study on the deformation and cracking characteristics of bridge-crossing reservoir ice sheet in cold regions

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104517

Wenliang Qiu , Kuan Li , Xin Zhao

The cracking of reservoir ice sheets in cold regions is a common natural phenomenon. As the ice cracks develop and the ice grows, the ice sheet will deform greatly, which seriously threatens the safety of the bridge structure. In this paper, the field observation of ice deformation was carried out with the ice sheet of reservoirs in cold regions as the research object, and the deformation law of the ice sheet was studied. Meanwhile, a calculation method for simulating ice cracks was proposed, and the distribution characteristics and cracking process of ice cracks were investigated in combination with the field crack observation results. The main findings of the study are as follows: When the temperature increased, the ice sheet moved in a pattern of expanding from the middle of the reservoir towards the shores. Using the steel trestle bridge as a dividing line, the ice sheet moved to upstream and downstream of the reservoir from the steel trestle bridge location. As temperatures decreased, the ice sheet moved from the shores towards the middle of the reservoir. The ice also moved from the upstream and downstream of the reservoir towards the steel trestle bridge. The study of the generation and extension direction of ice sheet cracks found that the bumps of the shores and the corners of the piers were prone to form cracks. The cracks would extend towards the higher stresses, and the cracks would tend to be connected when the piers and the bumps of the shores were closer. There were four main crack patterns in the reservoir, among which the crack pattern starting from the shore bump and running through the whole ice sheet was prone to produce serious thrust on the piers. The results of the study show that bridges crossing reservoirs are inevitably affected by ice sheet cracking in winter. Therefore, the location selection of new bridges needs to consider the influence of the position of ice cracking and the extension range of cracks to eliminate the safety hazards arising from ice cracking.

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引用次数: 0

Ice mitigation in alpine wind farm: A centrifugal force-based icing-throw strategy study at natural icing environment

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104518

Chang Xie

Commercialized ice mitigation solutions for utility-scale wind turbines, such as electrothermal and icephobic coating systems, face significant challenges in alpine wind farms. Electrothermal systems exhibit heightened lightning strike vulnerability, while extreme environmental conditions accelerate coating degradation, paradoxically worsening ice accretion. This study proposes a centrifugal force-based ice mitigation strategy validated through field experiments on several 2.5 MW wind turbine generators (WTGs) at an operating alpine wind farm. Multi-dimensional performance evaluations integrated synchronized meteorological monitoring, SCADA data analysis, and blade root strain measurements during various icing episodes. Real-world validation via strain gauges confirmed operational safety within manufacturer's design blade loading limits. Comparative analysis with conventional methods revealed that the proposed strategy mitigates glaze ice with effectiveness comparable to electrothermal systems, while offering a 13 % higher efficacy in combating rime ice. When compared to turbines without a de-icing strategy, implementation of this approach reduced the power loss factor by 40 % during rime-dominated conditions, leading to a maximum electricity yield improvements of 79,459 kWh per multi-day icing event. Economic evaluation showed annual benefits ranging from 306,833 kWh to 3,730,416 kWh. This work presents a physics-based ice management paradigm that addresses different technical limitations of existing techniques, and provides wind farm owners with a cost-effective solution for mountainous regions, requiring no additional hardware. For manufacturers, it offers a strategic pathway to meet evolving market requirements while improving turbine LCOE competitiveness in energy markets.

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引用次数: 0

A novel approach to water-salt migration prevention: foamed lightweight soil barrier layer technology

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104514

Yang Zhao , Zheng Lu , Jie Liu , Chuxuan Tang , Abdollah Tabaroei , Rong Zhang , Yinuo Feng , Hailin Yao

This study proposes a novel foamed lightweight soil (FLS) barrier layer technology to prevent water and salt migration and address subgrade diseases in seasonally frozen saline soil regions. A series of experiments were conducted to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach. Initially, ten different ratios of FLS were selected, and the corresponding samples were tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and durability characteristics to determine the optimal ratio for the FLS barrier layer. Subsequently, water-salt migration tests were performed under various conditions, including different salt contents and barrier layer positions. The results demonstrated the barrier layer's good performance in preventing salt-induced deformation of saline soil. In the soil with 3 % salt content, the vertical deformation of samples with a barrier layer was only 25.8 % of that observed in samples without the barrier. Further analysis of water-salt migration revealed that the barrier layer effectively prevented migration from the bottom of the sample toward the colder region, mitigating salt swelling caused by accumulation at the top. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the porous structure of the FLS can store salts and provide sufficient space for salt swelling.

本研究提出了一种新型发泡轻质土（FLS）隔离层技术，以防止水和盐分迁移，解决季节性冰冻盐碱土地区的路基病害问题。为评估该方法的可行性和有效性，进行了一系列实验。首先，选择了十种不同比例的 FLS，并对相应的样品进行了无侧限抗压强度（UCS）和耐久性测试，以确定 FLS 隔离层的最佳比例。随后，在不同条件下进行了水盐迁移试验，包括不同的含盐量和隔离层位置。结果表明，阻隔层在防止盐渍土因盐分引起的变形方面具有良好的性能。在含盐量为 3% 的土壤中，有阻隔层的样本的垂直变形量仅为无阻隔层样本的 25.8%。对水盐迁移的进一步分析表明，阻挡层有效地阻止了盐分从样品底部向低温区域迁移，减轻了盐分在顶部积聚引起的膨胀。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析表明，FLS 的多孔结构可以储存盐分，并为盐膨胀提供足够的空间。

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引用次数: 0

Color and mechanical property degradation of blue concrete under freeze-thaw cycles: An experimental study

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104515

Yi Wang , Yan Liu , Ridho Surahman , Xijuan Zhao

Colored concrete is widely used in pavements of theme parks and its mechanical and aesthetic behaviors could be affected by freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). In this study, experimentations were carried out to reveal the deterioration mechanism of typical blue concrete under FTCs. Ten cases of blue concrete in different colorant dosages were prepared to study the effect of curing age and FTCs. The results showed that water-based colorants improved the color stability due to the increased surface colorant molecular density. Furthermore, the strength loss under FTCs and maximum crack width significantly reduced due to the existence of small molecules of phthalocyanine that can enhance density and crack resistance. However, water-based colorants may reduce the mechanical properties of blue concrete. The incorporation of body colorants in blue concrete can enhance the flexural and compressive strengths of blue concrete by 26.7–212.9% and 20.1–40.5%, respectively, due to the rehydration of white cement that can recover the frost damage. Additionally, they also can maintain the color due to the ability of titanium dioxide which can cover the original color of concrete.

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引用次数: 0

Warming-driven weakening of basal ice layer as a critical cause of ice avalanche activation 变暖导致的基底冰层减弱是冰崩发生的关键原因

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104513

Wenbin Chang , Aiguo Xing

Increasingly, researchers are beginning to focus on the correlation between climate warming and frequent ice avalanche (IA) events. Previous studies have revealed that mixtures of ice and rock debris (IRM) are commonly distributed in contact zones between alpine glaciers and bedrock. However, the changing mode of mechanical characteristics of basal ice-rock mixed layer in warming conditions and its contribution to ice avalanche has not been fully appreciated. Using the temperature-controlled triaxial test and numerical modeling, we investigated the mechanical behavior of the basal ice layer under changing temperature conditions and its contribution to IA events. Our research indicates that the IRM deformation mode changed significantly from freezing to thawing environment (−8 °C to 2 °C), accompanied by decreased IRM brittleness and residual strength. Furthermore, the cohesion and friction angle of IRM drop off rapidly during around −2 °C to 0.5 °C, with rates of 72.2 kPa/°C and 3.1°/°C respectively, noticeably faster than their decay rate in a frozen environment. We suggest that warming-induced reductions in IRM strength disrupt the force balance in the IA source zone, as the basal ice layer is deprived of the resistance to glacial sliding that it provides in a frozen condition. Furthermore, our numerical investigation reveals the stress evolution process and damage pattern of the basal ice layer during IA initiation. These analyses contribute to a better understanding of the role played by the weakening of the basal ice layer in IA activation in the context of climate warming.

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引用次数: 0

Simulating winter maintenance efforts: A multiscale geographically weighted regression model

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104512

Nafiseh Mohammadi, Alex Klein-Paste

Despite its cruciality for road mobility and safety, Winter Road Maintenance (WRM) is highly expensive and environmentally impactful. This suggests that it needs to be optimized. Simulation of WRM operations might help in optimizing these services. This study focuses on upgrading “Effort Model,” a regression-based model used to estimate WRM operations, including salting, plowing, and combined plowing-salting efforts, across Norway's state road network. This model would be the computational core for a WRM-simulation tool. The earlier version, a Generalized Linear Regression (GLR) model, showed limitations in capturing the spatial variability of operations due to Norway's diverse climate and topography. To address this, the authors adopted the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) method to upgrade three sub-models for salting, plowing, and plowing-salting efforts. MGWR allows for different spatial scales of explanatory variables. The current proposed models are calibrated using three winter seasons (2020−2023) and include both weather and non-weather variables, such as cycle time, average annual daily traffic (AADT), snow days, and cold days. Findings showed that the MGWR approach significantly improved estimation accuracy compared to the GLR, with higher adjustedR² and lower Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) scores. Based on the results, the spatial variation of coefficients is not the same; while some variables like cycle time behave more globally, others such as cold days show localized impacts. Despite the improvements, the model still needs additional refinements in terms of predicting an unseen winter (2023–2024).

尽管冬季道路养护（WRM）对道路交通和安全至关重要，但其成本高昂且对环境造成影响。这表明需要对其进行优化。模拟 WRM 运行可能有助于优化这些服务。本研究的重点是升级 "努力模型"，这是一个基于回归的模型，用于估算挪威国家公路网中的冬季道路养护作业，包括撒盐、犁地以及犁地和撒盐联合作业。该模型将成为水资源管理模拟工具的计算核心。早期版本是广义线性回归（GLR）模型，由于挪威气候和地形的多样性，该模型在捕捉作业的空间变化方面存在局限性。为解决这一问题，作者采用了多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）方法，对撒盐、犁地和犁地撒盐工作的三个子模型进行了升级。MGWR 允许解释变量具有不同的空间尺度。目前提出的模型使用三个冬季（2020-2023 年）进行校准，包括天气和非天气变量，如周期时间、年平均日交通量 (AADT)、下雪天数和寒冷天数。研究结果表明，与 GLR 相比，MGWR 方法显著提高了估算精度，调整后的 R2 更高而 Akaike 信息准则 (AIC) 分数更低。根据结果，系数的空间变化不尽相同；一些变量（如周期时间）的表现更具全局性，而另一些变量（如寒冷天数）则表现出局部影响。尽管模型有所改进，但在预测未见的冬季（2023-2024 年）方面仍需进一步完善。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-field coupled model contained volumetric strain for unsaturated frozen soil and thermal-hydro-mechanical evolution characteristics of permafrost tunnel

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104510

Hongyu Huang , Yuanfu Zhou , Xiaoqing Suo , Jianhui Deng , Zihan Zhou

The entrance section of permafrost tunnels in cold regions is particularly vulnerable to frost damage caused by complex thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) interactions in unsaturated frozen soils. The effects of temperature-dependent volumetric strain variations across different stratum materials on heat and moisture transport are often neglected in existing THM coupling models. In this study, a novel THM coupled model for unsaturated frozen soil integrating volumetric strain correction is proposed, which addresses bidirectional interactions between thermal-hydraulic processes and mechanical responses. The model was validated through laboratory experiments and subsequently applied to the analysis of the Yuximolegai Tunnel. The results indicate that distinct “layered” ice-water distribution patterns are formed in shallow permafrost under freeze-thaw cycles, driven by bidirectional freezing and water migration. Critical mechanical responses were observed, including a shift in maximum principal stress from the invert (1.40 MPa, frozen state) to the crown (5.76 MPa, thawed state), and periodic lining displacements (crown > invert > sidewalls). Frost damage risks are further quantified by the spatial-temporal zoning of ice-water content-sensitive regions. These findings advance unsaturated frozen soil modeling and provide theoretical guidance for frost-resistant tunnel design in cold regions.

寒冷地区永久冻土隧道的入口段特别容易受到非饱和冻土中复杂的热-水-机械（THM）相互作用造成的冻害。在现有的热-水-力学耦合模型中，不同地层材料随温度变化的体积应变对热量和水分传输的影响往往被忽视。本研究提出了一种新的非饱和冻土 THM 耦合模型，该模型集成了体积应变校正，解决了热-水力过程与力学响应之间的双向相互作用问题。该模型通过实验室实验进行了验证，随后应用于玉溪莫勒盖隧道的分析。结果表明，在双向冻结和水迁移的驱动下，浅层冻土在冻融循环下形成了独特的 "分层 "冰水分布模式。观察到了关键的机械反应，包括最大主应力从顶面（1.40 兆帕，冻结状态）转移到顶面（5.76 兆帕，解冻状态），以及周期性的衬砌位移（顶面> 顶面> 侧壁）。冰水含量敏感区域的时空分区进一步量化了冻害风险。这些发现推进了非饱和冻土模型的建立，并为寒冷地区的抗冻隧道设计提供了理论指导。

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引用次数: 0