Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

英文中文

Investigation of unconfined compressive strength and pore structure of Basalt Fiber Pisha Sandstone cement soil under low temperatures

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104489

Wei Dong , Jiaxuan Li , Xin Liu , Di Yang , Huiru Qi

This study explores the relationship between unconfined compressive strength and pore structure in basalt fiber Pisha sandstone cement soil (BF-PSC) subjected to low temperatures. Basalt fibers (BF) with varying mass fractions (0 %, 0.15 %, 0.30 %, 0.45 %, and 0.60 %) were incorporated into Pisha sandstone cement soil (PSC) to formulate BF-PSC. The materials underwent unconfined compressive strength tests and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assessments at ambient temperatures of 20 °C, 0 °C, −5 °C, −10 °C, −15 °C, and − 20 °C. Grey correlation analysis was used to determine the unconfined compressive strength of BF-PSC at low temperatures and to investigate the relationship between strength and pore structure. A prediction model for unconfined compressive strength in low-temperature environments was established. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength of BF-PSC with BF mass fraction of 0.15 % to 0.30 % significantly improves across various ambient temperatures (20 °C to −20 °C), with an optimal BF content of 0.15 %. Additionally, porosity decreases as temperature drops, while the saturation degree of the bound fluid and the percentage of micro pores increase. Grey correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between bound fluid saturation, microporosity, and unconfined compressive strength. The developed predictive model, based on temperature, BF dosage, bound fluid saturation, and micro pores proportion, achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.963, effectively predicting unconfined compressive strength for BF-PSC with BF mass fractions ranging from 0 % to 0.60 % at temperatures from 0 °C to −20 °C.

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引用次数: 0

Research on frost heaving pressure and frost deformation of water-filled fractures in the rock

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104490

Yanzhang Liu , Qin Tian , Shibing Huang , Luobin Zheng , Fei Liu

Frost heave of water-filled fractured rock masses is common in alpine regions due to freezing of fracture water. This study investigates the formation and evolution mechanism of frost heaving pressure and frost deformation response in water-filled fractures using a test system consisting of thin film pressure sensors, temperature sensors and strain gauges. Results show that frost heaving pressure is almost zero in the upper part during freezing, while it is linearly distributed along fracture when the fracture depth exceeds 0.6 times the total. The evolution of frost heaving pressure has five-stage characteristics, including preparation, burst, reduction to balance, thawing induced growth, and dissipation stages. A mechanical model for frost deformation of water-filled open fractures is established by using the partially loaded cantilever beam equation, considering ice-rock fracture interactions. The model is verified against experimental data, showing that it can well predict the frost deformation. Finally, the freezing process and failure modes of water-filled fractures in sandstone and granite under freeze-thaw cycles are compared and discussed. This research enhances the understanding of frost damage and cracking mechanisms in water-filled fractured rock masses.

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引用次数: 0

Wave-impact spray on marine vessels and structures: Literature review

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104476

Aleksandra Visich

Sea-spray icing of ships and structures poses significant risks to vessel stability and crew safety. The biggest source of marine icing is wave-impact spray, i.e. spray resulting from a ship-wave collision. Numerical data on spray cloud generation, airborne phase and impingement on the surface are scarce and uncertain. Extensive but poorly documented research on sea spray icing was performed in the Soviet Union in the 1970 and 1980s, followed by North American and European studies. Later, computer technology was used to upgrade simple relation-based models to flexible code-based algorithms. Despite progress, the spray generation phase remains poorly understood, leading to uncertainties throughout the spray process. The external parameters of the spraying process include environmental (wind velocity and sea state) and vessel-related ones (vessel geometry, speed, heading and motions), and the intermediate factors include droplet properties and trajectories, spray concentration and collection efficiency. The complex interplay between the factors and processes involved in spraying is hard to model explicitly, and the direct correlations between spray flux and environmental parameters are limited and case-specific. Modern tools like computational fluid dynamics and machine learning hold promise for wave-impact spray research but require robust real-world data for validation. Future research should aim at developing a concise methodology of spray measurements, collecting more data, and employing advanced digital technology for spray modeling.

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引用次数: 0

Advances in indicators for defining cold levels within tunnels: Current state and future perspectives

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104477

Caichu Xia , Sheng Wang , Yiwei Ying , Ziliang Lin , Ming Yuan , Dazhao Zhao

This study aims to identify key indicators influencing cold levels within tunnels and to explore methods for their precise definition. It provides a comprehensive review of various indicators currently used to characterise cold levels in cold-region tunnels and their application in freeze-proof design. Most existing studies rely on the mean air temperature of the coldest month (T_z) and the freezing depth of surrounding rock to define cold levels within tunnels. However, these approaches do not account for the cumulative freezing effects resulting from the difference between the mean annual air temperature (T_a) and original rock temperature (T_r) or the influence of time-dependent ventilation airflow velocities. Current methods for defining cold levels have not fully identified the fundamental indicators governing these levels. A systematic and integrated approach that combines meteorological indicators—such as T_z, T_a, T_r, and time-dependent ventilation airflow velocities—is necessary for a precise definition. This study introduces a novel conceptual approach that integrates these meteorological indicators, emphasising cumulative freezing effects and the impact of time-dependent ventilation airflow. It specifically proposes the use of the equivalent mean air temperature of the coldest month, the equivalent mean annual air temperature, and the difference between the equivalent mean annual air temperature and T_r as key parameters for defining cold levels. Furthermore, it explores the application of this approach in determining the optimal freeze-proof axis, designing insulation layers, and implementing active ventilation in cold-region tunnels with time-dependent ventilation airflow. This study provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the operational safety of cold-region tunnels.

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “The effect of adding polypropylene fibers on the freeze-thaw cycle durability of lignosulfonate stabilised clayey sand” [Cold Regions Science and Technology, Volume 193 (2022), Article 103418]

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104471

Kaveh Roshan , Asskar Janalizadeh Choobbasti , Saman Soleimani Kutanaei , Alireza Fakhrabadi

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of an ice particle impinging on a hot surface

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104481

Zhe Yang , Zheyan Jin , Zhigang Yang

This work studied the impinging process of an ice particle on a hot surface. The influences of the impact velocity, the impact angle, and the target surface temperature were studied. The equivalent diameter of the fragments and the volume ratio of adhering fragments were analyzed. The results indicated that, the increase in impact velocity tended to reduce the sizes of the relatively large fragments but promote the generation of more fragments. The target surface temperature had a significant effect on the adhesion of fragments. In this study, the distribution of the dimensionless equivalent diameter of the fragments could be represented by the log-normal distribution. Besides, a new method was developed to extract the volume ratio of adhering fragments. With the increase of the impact velocity, the impact angle, and the target surface temperature, the volume ratio of adhering fragments also increased. Within the scope of the present study, the volume ratio generally ranged from 0.001 to 0.028. Moreover, at

α

= 60.0°,

T_{s}

= 160.0 °C, and

v_{0}

= 58.0 m/s, the volume ratio reached its maximum value. Finally, a correlation for the volume ratio of adhering fragments was developed.

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引用次数: 0

The crack characteristics and microscopic mechanism of composite solidified soil under alternating wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104479

Hang Shu , Qingbo Yu , Cencen Niu , Qing Wang

In order to solve the problem of cracking and deterioration of saline soil in semi-arid and seasonal frozen areas, sulfur-free lignin, basalt fiber and hydrophobic polymer were used to synergistically solidify saline soil. In this study, a series of indoor tests including wet-dry and freeze-thaw (WDFT) cycles were conducted to simulate the cyclic changes in water and temperature, and to further investigate the development pattern of crack morphology in solidified soil. Digital image processing techniques were employed to quantify both macroscopic cracks and microscopic pores in the samples. The results show that the untreated soil shrinks and produces micro-cracks due to tensile stress under the action of WDFT cycles, and the main cracks are formed after expansion and penetration. Sulfur-free lignin aggregates particles and fills the pores. Basalt fibers and hydrophobic polymers reduce crack expansion by resisting the tensile stress generated by shrinkage, while preventing water from entering the structural unit. The geometric and statistical parameters of the samples are related to the number of WDFT cycles. The crack expansion and failure mechanism are reflected in changes in microstructure characteristics such as crack ratio, length and width, fractal dimension and pore direction. The findings contribute to understanding the cracking pattern and expansion mechanism of solidified saline soil and provide a scientific basis for the use of solidified materials to reduce soil cracking.

为了解决半干旱和季节性冰冻地区盐碱土的开裂和劣化问题，采用无硫木质素、玄武岩纤维和疏水聚合物协同固化盐碱土。本研究进行了一系列室内试验，包括湿-干和冻-融（WDFT）循环，以模拟水和温度的循环变化，并进一步研究固化土壤中裂缝形态的发展模式。采用数字图像处理技术对样品中的宏观裂缝和微观孔隙进行了量化。结果表明，未经处理的土壤在 WDFT 循环作用下因拉伸应力而收缩并产生微裂缝，主要裂缝是在膨胀和渗透后形成的。无硫木质素聚集颗粒并填充孔隙。玄武岩纤维和疏水聚合物通过抵抗收缩产生的拉应力来减少裂缝的扩展，同时防止水进入结构单元。样品的几何和统计参数与 WDFT 循环次数有关。裂纹扩展和破坏机制反映在微观结构特征的变化上，如裂纹率、长度和宽度、分形尺寸和孔隙方向。研究结果有助于了解固结盐碱土的开裂模式和扩展机理，为使用固结材料减少土壤开裂提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

A snow depth estimation method with LiDAR system in snow groomer

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104462

Qian Jiao , Lifang Zheng , Fei Ma , Jiawei Sheng , Zhiwei Wang , Boshen Liu

Providing high-resolution and real-time snow depth estimations in front of the snow groomer is necessary for the proper navigation and working efficiency improvement. However, accurate and real-time estimation of the snow depth during grooming operations in ski resorts is challenging due to the time-varying terrain of pistes. In this study, a real-time snow depth estimation method was established utilizing the LiDAR based multi-sensor perception system, where the estimated snow depth distribution was achieved by the elevation differences between the real-time local snow-covered grids and the snow-free reference map. A new multi-sensor fusion-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach especially for the ski resort environment was built to achieve the snow-covered and snow-free reference terrain maps. Also, we developed a snowfall denoising method and a piste extraction algorithm based on ski resort geometric features to improve the SLAM accuracy in snow-covered terrain. To validate the snow-depth estimation approach, a series of experiments were performed at the Wanlong Ski Resort and Linyu Ski Resort, China. Results indicates that the proposed snowfall denoising, snow piste extraction effectively improve the SLAM accuracy in snow-covered terrain map construction. The snow depth on flat ground was measured with an average error of 0.034 m, whereas the error on the slope was 0.042 m at the tested ski resorts. Additionally, the calculation period satisfies the requirements for real-time monitoring. The proposed method can provide precise and real-time depth estimations, facilitating the operational processes of snow groomers and enhancing the pistes maintenance efficiency.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study and evaluation for the blocking effect of freezing method on nuclide seepage based on multiple indicator testing

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104478

Gang Li , Jiankun Liu , Zhaohui Sun , Jiyun Nan , Yang Zheng , Xuanjun Zeng , Jingze Zhu

The emergency control of nuclear contaminated water leakage using artificial ground freezing (AGF) method has good application prospects, but the actual blocking effect is not ideal at present. To promote the solution of this problem, this paper designed a test system for evaluating the impermeability of freezing method, and it conducted blocking seepage tests with I nuclide solution. Based on the results of multi-parameter monitoring during the test, evaluation indicators, grading criteria, and a risk assessment diagram for blocking nuclear contaminated water with freezing were proposed. Furthermore, the blocking mechanism of freezing method on nuclide seepage was ultimately revealed through the integral calculations of ice volume in frozen wall. The research found that the number of freezing tubes is the main controlling factor determining the critical initial flow rate of frozen wall. The permeability coefficient time-history curve can be used to identify the local melting phenomenon of frozen wall within a certain period. The increase in osmotic pressure difference and the permeability coefficient can compensate for the insensitivity of the temperature field to changes in flow rate. The accelerated growth of ice crystals, driven by the migration and phase transition of capillary-film water from unfrozen pores to macropores under an increased number of freezing tubes and without seepage, is the key factor contributing to the significant improvement in seepage prevention. This study provides effective references for exploring the blocking mechanism of freezing method on nuclear contaminated water, early warning of frozen wall disasters, and optimization of artificial freezing parameters.

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引用次数: 0

Probability models to convert snowpack stability into the number of dry-snow avalanches in North Japan

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104480

Yuta Katsuyama, Takafumi Katsushima, Yukari Takeuchi

Forecasting avalanches by numerically simulating snowpack stability is currently challenging. This study proposes probability models that convert the natural snowpack stability index estimated by the physical-based snowpack model into the probability of the number of dry-snow avalanches per day. For this purpose, three types of probability models formulated by Poisson, Negative Binomial, and Zero-Inflated Poisson distributions were developed, assuming that the avalanche occurrences follow a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. In these models, the expected number of avalanches per day increases exponentially with larger unstable snowpack areas where the stability index is below a threshold. Bayesian inference has optimized the models to fit the historical avalanches from the winter of 1958/1959 to the winter of 2011/2012 in December, January, and February in north Japan and Niigata regions. The optimized models largely replicated the probability density function of the number of historical avalanches and their exponential increase with increasing unstable snowpack areas. The posterior predictive checks and the widely applicable information criteria both indicated that the model formulated by Negative Binomial distribution best reproduced the number of historical avalanches. However, the models underestimated the number of avalanches in recent decades due to the nonhomogeneity in the statistical sensitivity of avalanche occurrences to the snowpack instability. We also demonstrated some practical applications of the models, such as predicting avalanche occurrences and reproducing the annual number of avalanches.

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引用次数: 0

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