Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Research on the influence of train-induced wind on the temperature field of high-speed railway tunnel in cold region in different temperature modes","authors":"Weiping Xu ,&nbsp;JinHang Qin ,&nbsp;KeGuo Sun ,&nbsp;Yong Wei ,&nbsp;Bing Jiang ,&nbsp;Chao Liu ,&nbsp;Yangyang Li ,&nbsp;Leilei Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As railway networks rapidly expand and high-speed trains operate at greater velocities, tunnel temperature profiles are increasingly affected by train-induced winds. Based on the tunnel characteristic temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>C</em>) and external temperature of the tunnel (<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), four basic tunnel internal-external temperature modes are determined: T-NN(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both negative), T-PP(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both positive), T-NP(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> is negative, <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> is positive) and T-PN(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> is positive, <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> is negative), and further subdivided into T-NN1(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both negative, <em>T</em>_<em>C</em>&gt;<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), T-NN2(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both negative, <em>T</em>_<em>C</em>&lt;<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), T-PP1(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both positive, <em>T</em>_<em>C</em>&gt;<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), T-PP2(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both positive, <em>T</em>_<em>C</em>&lt;<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), T-NP and T-PN. Then numerical analyses based on FLUENT are conducted to analyze the effects of train-induced winds on tunnel air temperature distribution across different temperature modes. Finally, the effect of train speeds and blocking rates on tunnel internal air temperature distribution is systematically analyzed. The results show that, according to measured data, temperature modes are ranked as T-NN1 (87.01 %) &gt; T-NN2 (7.28 %) &gt; T-PN (4.47 %) &gt; T-PP1 (0.64 %) &gt; T-PP2 (0.51 %) &gt; T-NP (0.09 %) in terms of the probability of occurrence. Furthermore, Train-induced winds produce a double thermal effect. In T-NP, T-PP2 and T-NN2 modes, the train-induced wind increases the air temperature of the entrance section and improves tunnel's cold resistance, but it weakens cold resistance in T-PN, T-NN1, and T-PP1 modes. Therefore, when selecting locations for tunnel openings in high-speed railroads, it is recommended to prioritize areas with high solar radiation intensity in order to increase the percentage of T-PP2, T-NP and T-NN2 modes. Moreover, in T-NN and T-PN modes, increased train speeds and higher blocking ratios proportionally extend sub-zero temperature zones, complicating frost prevention. Conversely, T-PP and T-NP modes demonstrate an inverse relationship, which is not conducive to frost protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of test methods for the acoustic properties of snow","authors":"Xiaomin Chang ,&nbsp;Xuanhao Chen ,&nbsp;Ming Xue ,&nbsp;Guangyu Zuo ,&nbsp;Yinke Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acoustic attenuation is a key property of snow and plays a significant role in avalanche early warning. However, due to the dynamic changes in snow properties under natural environmental conditions, the automated monitoring of snow acoustic attenuation remains highly challenging. In this study, an acoustic testing system was designed using the transmission method to conduct acoustic measurements on natural snow samples and obtain information on the variations in snow acoustic properties under different conditions. Experimental results indicate that under an ambient temperature of −10 °C, the attenuation coefficient of snow layers increases with rising acoustic wave frequency across different snow densities. Additionally, as snow density increases, the attenuation coefficient increases while the boundary sound absorption coefficient decreases. Within the temperature range of −10 °C to 5 °C, the attenuation coefficient shows an increasing trend with rising temperature. In the range of −10 °C to −2.5 °C, the boundary sound absorption coefficient remains relatively stable, while from −2.5 °C to 5 °C, it shows a decreasing trend with increasing temperature. Within a snow water content range of 0–20 %, the attenuation coefficient increases with higher water content, whereas the boundary sound absorption coefficient decreases. Based on the experimental data, predictive models for the attenuation coefficient were developed with respect to ambient temperature and water content. The models demonstrated good predictive performance, with coefficients of determination (R²), root mean square errors (RMSE), biases (BIAS), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies (NASH) of 0.918, 0.061, 0.002, and 0.982 for temperature-based models, and 0.946, 0.026, −0.001, and 0.991 for water content-based models, respectively. These results suggest that the models offer high predictive accuracy and provide a foundation for the automated observation of snow acoustic attenuation characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of borehole stability in Antarctic drilling considering time-varying temperature effect","authors":"Yi Wei ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Liu ,&nbsp;Haoran Xu ,&nbsp;Zijun Dou ,&nbsp;Gansheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Antarctic air drilling, borehole stability critically depends on heat transfer between ice walls and airflow, the ice sheet temperature gradient, and air's non-isothermal flow. Effective mitigation of thermally induced borehole collapse/closure risks in Antarctic air drilling necessitates understanding the aero-thermo-mechanical (ATM) coupling effect in Antarctic air drilling systems. This paper presents a coupled ATM model, which incorporates a Helmholtz energy thermodynamic model for air and the equation of state for H₂O Ice Ih revised by IAPWS (the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam), characterizing real thermodynamic behavior and properties of air and ice. And three failure indices are modified to account for temperature sensitivity and compared with the Derradji-Aouat failure index. They are used to quantify high-strain-rate brittle failure risks from the perspective of tension, shear, and phase transition. Ice deformation under low strain rates is governed by the Maxwell model. Numerical solutions derived from U.S. RAM-2 drilling parameters via finite element methods reveal key findings: As airflow transitions from the drill hose into the annulus through a “transition zone,” it exhibits abrupt property changes. The ATM coupling effect creates localized regions along the ice wall with steep temperature gradients (ΔT ≈ 20 K) and stress fluctuations (Δσ ≈ 0.01 MPa). Extreme transitions in these regions increase closure or collapse risks, primarily due to tensile failure. Lowering the temperature of the injected air can effectively reduce tensile failure risks. This paper proposes an operational control process to achieve this.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decadal variations in the northern boundary of permafrost in the Xidatan region of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: Insights from InSAR and field monitoring","authors":"Ju Xin ,&nbsp;Luo Jing ,&nbsp;Niu Fujun ,&nbsp;Yu Fan ,&nbsp;Ding Zekun ,&nbsp;Yin Guoan ,&nbsp;Lin Zhanju ,&nbsp;Gao Zeyong","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permafrost proximate to the boundary is extremely vulnerable to climate change. The Xidatan region, located at the northern boundary of permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP), has been experiencing accelerated degradation, which introduces considerable uncertainties to future land use, water resource management, and infrastructure maintenance on the QXP. In this study, we obtained surface temporal deformation for the Xidatan region from 2017 to 2025 using Sentinel-1 data. We investigated permafrost deformation characteristics in the Xidatan region using long-term deformation rates from five profiles and ground temperature monitoring data. Ground temperature monitoring data from the Xidatan region indicate that over the past decade, mean annual ground temperature warming rates at depths of 6 m (WR₋₆) and 15 m (WR₋₁₅) were 0.012 °C/a and 0.015 °C/a, respectively. This indicates a significant warming process in the permafrost layer. InSAR analysis reveals a pronounced long-term subsidence trend in the Xidatan region, with substantial spatial differences in surface deformation. Subsidence is particularly evident in higher-elevation areas, while lower-elevation areas exhibit slight surface uplift. Analysis of surface deformation characteristics and borehole validation indicate that the lowest elevation of permafrost occurrence in the Xidatan region was approximately 4406 m by 2025. Compared to previous research, the permafrost limit has risen by a maximum of 37 m from 2012 to 2025. Permafrost degradation in the Xidatan region is primarily attributed to climate warming and increased anthropogenic disturbances. Should air temperatures continue rising, the northern boundary of permafrost distribution on the QXP will continue to ascend to higher elevations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active layer modelling at Stelvio Pass, Italian Alps","authors":"Vasudha Chaturvedi ,&nbsp;Stefano Ponti ,&nbsp;Mauro Guglielmin","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, we present the result of different models for active layer thickness (ALT) in an area of the Italian Central Alps where a few information about the ALT is present. Looking at a particular warm year (2018), we improved PERMACLIM, a model used to calculate the Ground Surface Temperature (GST) and applied two different versions of Stefan's equation to model the ALT. PERMACLIM was updated refining the temporal basis (daily respect the monthly means) of the air temperature and the snow cover. PERMACLIM was updated also to minimize the bias of the snow cover in summer months using the PlanetScope images. Moreover, the contribution of the solar radiation was added to the air temperature to improve the summer GST. The modelled GST showed a good calibration and, among the two versions of Stefan's equation, the first (ALT1) indicates a maximum active layer thickness of 7.5 m and showed a better accuracy with R2 of 0.93 and RMSE of 0.32 m. The model underlined also the importance of better definition of the thermal conductivity of the ground that can strongly influence the ALT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold-region tunnel lining defect segmentation based on UNet-transformer with multi-level feature fusion","authors":"Minjie Qiao ,&nbsp;Qixiang Yan ,&nbsp;Xinghong Chen ,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Liao ,&nbsp;Hongliang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold-region tunnels are highly susceptible to frost damage in linings, typically manifested as surface defects like cracks, spalling, water leakage, and icicles. Timely and accurate detection of these defects is essential for formulating effective maintenance strategies. However, these defects usually present complex morphological characteristics and multiscale features, leading to the inadequacy of traditional methods for precise detection. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel image segmentation method, MFE-UNetFormer, which combines an enhanced UNet backbone, a Transformer module, and a Multi-level Feature Fusion module. This integration potentially promotes synergy among the three modules, enabling them to compensate for each other's limitations and fully leverage their respective strengths. To evaluate the proposed method, a cold-region tunnel lining defect dataset was built by collecting on-site defect images from tunnels in western and northern China. The MFE-UNetFormer was systematically trained, validated, and tested on this dataset. For performance evaluation, it was compared with five state-of-the-art models, including UNet, ViT, DeepLabV3+, SCTNet, and SegNeXt. The experimental results demonstrated that the MFE-UNetFormer achieved a mIoU of 85.97 % and significantly outperformed other advanced models across all assessment metrics. Furthermore, ablation studies illustrated the unique contributions of each proposed module. More importantly, based on the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping++, this study comprehensively revealed the detection mechanism for thin object defects. In summary, the proposed method was well demonstrated to be effective and superior in addressing the challenges of multiscale defect detection in cold-region tunnels</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the thickness of slush on sea ice with multi-frequency EM induction sounding","authors":"Mara Neudert ,&nbsp;Robert Briggs ,&nbsp;Trevor Bell ,&nbsp;Stefan Hendricks ,&nbsp;Christian Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slush from flooding of sea ice contributes significantly to the sea ice mass balance in the Arctic and Antarctic and poses significant hazards for Arctic communities, affecting the safe use of sea ice for travel, hunting, and other activities. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of multi-frequency electromagnetic (EM) induction sounding for the joint retrieval of slush and ice thicknesses. For the multi-frequency GEM-2 instrument, we identified optimal frequency combinations, for example 5, 10, 20, 30, and 93 kHz, through inversion of synthetic data with realistic noise to achieve minimal mean absolute errors (MAE) of less than 5 cm for slush as thick as 60 cm.</div><div>Field EM surveys, validated with coincident drill hole data, demonstrated reliable performance of the method under practical field conditions for slush layers up to 20 cm thick. Instrument calibration was robust but faced challenges at sites where snow and ice conditions deviated from the ideal one-layer model for snow and ice. The inclusion of varying sea ice conductivities in the calibration process enhanced reliability, and we show that a single instrument calibration remains stable for over a week for this instrument of the newest GEM-2 generation.</div><div>The method’s transferability to airborne applications, such as drone-mounted surveys, offers the potential to eliminate operator risks associated with ground-based measurements on thin ice with thick slush. Overall, multi-frequency EM induction sounding provides a time-efficient and accurate tool for mapping the separate thicknesses of slush and of snow-plus-ice thicknesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel framework for assessing seasonally frozen soil changes in Northeast China by incorporating human activities","authors":"Jiangtao Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wu ,&nbsp;Dianfan Guo ,&nbsp;Xiangwen Wu ,&nbsp;Shuying Zang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonally frozen soil changes are subject to the dual pressures of climate and human activities, yet there remains a knowledge gap in understanding and quantifying their combined impact. We investigated the first freezing date (FFD), complete thawing date (CTD), and maximum depth of the seasonally frozen soil (MDSF) in Liaoning Province in Northeast China from 1991 to 2020. We developed a novel framework integrating the Geodetector, partial correlation analysis, and the Extreme Gradient Boosting-SHapley Additive exPlanations (XGBoost-SHAP) models to uncover the drivers of seasonally frozen soil changes. Our results demonstrate that over the past 30 years, the FFD was delayed by approximately 9 days, the CTD advanced by approximately 11 days, and the MDSF decreased by approximately 19 cm. Temperature emerged as the primary driver of seasonally frozen soil changes. The explanatory powers of the interaction between heating area and temperature for FFD, CTD, and MDSF are 0.781, 0.757, and 0.813, respectively, demonstrating a significant combined effect between human activities and climate on seasonally frozen soil changes. After controlling for factors such as temperature, the heating area was significantly correlated with FFD, CTD, and MDSF. The XGBoost-SHAP results demonstrated that progressively increasing the heating area threshold beyond 10,000 significantly delays FFD, advances CTD, and reduces MDSF, while population density shows more complex nonlinear effects. By 2060, the MDSF is projected to decrease by 9.64 cm, 19.16 cm, and 36.52 cm under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios of SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5, respectively. Our study quantifies the significant impact of human activities on seasonally frozen soil changes, and these findings provide direct guidance for formulating climate adaptation policies in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of silt modified with Hydrophobic material subjected to freeze-thaw cycles for pavement subgrade application","authors":"Qing Jin ,&nbsp;Shang Gao ,&nbsp;Xinzhuang Cui ,&nbsp;Xiaoning Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Lv ,&nbsp;Wuyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The service performance of silt subgrade in seasonal frozen regions deteriorates under freeze-thaw cycles, leading to frequent highway damage. In this study, nano type hydrophobic material (NT-HM) was employed to modify the silt, thereby enhancing its resistance to freeze-thaw cycles. Experimental results indicate that the addition of NT-HM significantly improves the freeze-thaw durability of the silt and alleviates the shear softening behavior induced by deviatoric stress. A predictive model for the dynamic resilient modulus of the hydrophobic silt subgrade under freeze-thaw conditions was established, achieving a prediction accuracy of 0.922. When the NT-HM content exceeds 0.5 %, the sample maintains its structural integrity after seven freeze-thaw cycles, with only a 3 % decrease in the surface contact angle. Under these conditions, the dynamic resilient modulus of the hydrophobic silt is approximately 25 % higher than that of unmodified silt. By coating the silt particles and filling the pore structure, NT-HM provides the silt with excellent hydrophobic characteristics. The incorporation of NT-HM effectively reduces the overall pore size of the silt and diminishes the sensitivity of the pore structure to freeze-thaw cycles. Considering both construction cost and subgrade performance improvement, an NT-HM content of 0.5 % is identified as the optimal dosage for silt subgrade modification. This study offers theoretical support for the application of hydrophobic materials in subgrades located in seasonal freeze-thaw regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on dynamic fitting models for road performance of self-melting ice surfaces and salt storage slow-release performance","authors":"Liqun Zhang ,&nbsp;Haodong Xu ,&nbsp;Honghuan Cui ,&nbsp;Hongyan Guo ,&nbsp;Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Weijiang Xu ,&nbsp;Huizhen Wu ,&nbsp;Hang Bai ,&nbsp;Song Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on asphalt pavements of highways in Northwest Hebei, and prepares a composite salt-storage material (using sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium acetate, and magnesium acetate as snow-melting salts, with boron mud and zeolite as carriers). This material was partially or fully substituted for the mineral powder in asphalt mixtures at varying dosages to systematically investigate its effects on the freeze-thaw splitting strength and controlled-release performance. The results show that through orthogonal experiments, the optimal ratio of the salt-storage carrier (boron mud: zeolite = 1:3) and snow-melting salts (NaCl:CaCl₂:CH₃COONa:Mg(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O = 2:2:3:1) was determined, achieving the highest ice-melting amount and suitability for the geological conditions of Northwest Hebei. The residual freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio decreased with increasing salt storage content, but still met the requirements of the Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering (JTG E20—2011). The Richards growth model was used to describe the controlled-release characteristics of salt in the composite salt-storage material within asphalt mixtures, with conductivity changes in the solution fitted by the model and divided into three stages (initiation, rapid growth, and saturation). As the composite salt-storage content increased, the salt release rate parameter b decreased, the shape parameter c increased, and the controlled-release time difference Δt extended, indicating a longer salt release time and improved controlled-release performance. Finally, through dynamic balance analysis between mechanical stability and controlled-release performance, the optimal replacement rate range for the composite salt-storage material was recommended to be controlled at 50 %–70 %. Future research should focus on optimizing the impact of the material on asphalt mixture performance and conducting field tests to enhance the applicability of these results in Northwest Hebei.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}