Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献_第4页

Mechanical properties of Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk highway built on permafrost over the years of operation from 2019 to 2024 2019年至2024年在永久冻土上建造的因纽维克-图克托亚图克高速公路的机械特性

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104855

Farshad Kamran , Jean-Pascal Bilodeau , Eileen Catalina Castilla Duarte , Simon Dumais , Guy Doré

Road infrastructure built over permafrost is increasingly vulnerable to climate change, with seasonal thawing causing significant degradation in mechanical performance. Variations in moisture content, active layer thickness, and freeze-thaw cycles can compromise structural integrity, especially in granular embankments without asphalt surfacing. Understanding how these environmental changes affect stress distribution and stiffness is critical for maintaining long-term road stability in northern regions. This study monitored the mechanical response of a granular road embankment along a permafrost-affected corridor during the thawing seasons of 2022 and 2024. Field instrumentation, including pressure cells and strain gauges installed in site, captured stress and deformation data under controlled truck loading at multiple speeds. Seasonal site visits were conducted in June, August, and September each year. Elastic modulus was calculated from stress–strain relationships and interpreted alongside temperature and moisture content profiles obtained during testing. The results revealed strong seasonal trends: in 2022, the modulus increased from 86.3 MPa in June to over 300 MPa in September, indicating progressive stiffening as the embankment dried. In 2024, modulus values were significantly lower across all months, suggesting deeper thaw penetration and a weaker subgrade layer. Higher stress magnitudes and pulse widths in August reflected dry, compacted conditions, while June responses showed energy dissipation in wetter, softer soils. These findings demonstrate the impact of permafrost degradation on embankment stiffness and stress transmission, emphasizing the need for improved monitoring and design adaptations in cold regions.

在永久冻土上修建的道路基础设施越来越容易受到气候变化的影响，季节性解冻会导致机械性能显著下降。水分含量、活性层厚度和冻融循环的变化会损害结构的完整性，特别是在没有沥青表面的粒状路堤中。了解这些环境变化如何影响应力分布和刚度对于维持北部地区的长期道路稳定性至关重要。这项研究监测了2022年和2024年融化季节沿永久冻土影响走廊的颗粒状道路路基的机械响应。现场仪器，包括安装在现场的压力传感器和应变仪，可以在控制卡车以多种速度加载的情况下捕获应力和变形数据。每年6月、8月和9月进行季节性实地考察。弹性模量根据应力-应变关系计算，并与测试过程中获得的温度和水分含量曲线一起解释。结果显示出强烈的季节性趋势：2022年，模量从6月的86.3 MPa增加到9月的300 MPa以上，表明随着路堤干燥，路堤逐渐变硬。在2024年，所有月份的模量值都显著降低，表明融化渗透更深，路基层更弱。8月份较高的应力值和脉冲宽度反映了干燥、压实的条件，而6月份的响应显示了湿润、柔软土壤的能量耗散。这些发现证明了冻土退化对路堤刚度和应力传递的影响，强调了在寒冷地区改进监测和设计适应的必要性。

{"title":"Mechanical properties of Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk highway built on permafrost over the years of operation from 2019 to 2024","authors":"Farshad Kamran , Jean-Pascal Bilodeau , Eileen Catalina Castilla Duarte , Simon Dumais , Guy Doré","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road infrastructure built over permafrost is increasingly vulnerable to climate change, with seasonal thawing causing significant degradation in mechanical performance. Variations in moisture content, active layer thickness, and freeze-thaw cycles can compromise structural integrity, especially in granular embankments without asphalt surfacing. Understanding how these environmental changes affect stress distribution and stiffness is critical for maintaining long-term road stability in northern regions. This study monitored the mechanical response of a granular road embankment along a permafrost-affected corridor during the thawing seasons of 2022 and 2024. Field instrumentation, including pressure cells and strain gauges installed in site, captured stress and deformation data under controlled truck loading at multiple speeds. Seasonal site visits were conducted in June, August, and September each year. Elastic modulus was calculated from stress–strain relationships and interpreted alongside temperature and moisture content profiles obtained during testing. The results revealed strong seasonal trends: in 2022, the modulus increased from 86.3 MPa in June to over 300 MPa in September, indicating progressive stiffening as the embankment dried. In 2024, modulus values were significantly lower across all months, suggesting deeper thaw penetration and a weaker subgrade layer. Higher stress magnitudes and pulse widths in August reflected dry, compacted conditions, while June responses showed energy dissipation in wetter, softer soils. These findings demonstrate the impact of permafrost degradation on embankment stiffness and stress transmission, emphasizing the need for improved monitoring and design adaptations in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 104855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Observations and modeling of slushflows from Atigun Pass, Alaska 阿拉斯加州Atigun山口泥石流的观测和模拟

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104812

Lars Blatny , David Hamre , Johan Gaume , Peter Gauer , Arthur Mears

Slushflows consist of a mixture of snow, water, and ice and often entrain debris or sediments. The high mobility and high density of the flows make them a considerable natural hazard, endangering settlements and infrastructure. They are most commonly associated with higher latitudes, such as Norway, Iceland, or Alaska, but have also been reported in various other countries, including regions such as the Alps. This paper describes slushflows near Atigun Pass, Alaska, which were well documented in a study for the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (APSC) in 1982. The information has been privately held and is now being released for research purposes. Moreover, state-of-the-art modeling techniques are introduced and applied to the described slushflows, considering both depth-averaged and depth-resolved (three-dimensional) numerical methods with viscoplastic and elasto-viscoplastic rheological models. The observations and modeling approaches presented in this study provide insights that can improve the understanding and assessment of slushflows and their dynamics.

泥流由雪、水和冰的混合物组成，经常夹杂着碎片或沉积物。流动的高流动性和高密度使它们成为相当大的自然灾害，危及住区和基础设施。它们最常与高纬度地区联系在一起，如挪威、冰岛或阿拉斯加，但在其他国家也有报道，包括阿尔卑斯山等地区。本文描述了阿拉斯加Atigun山口附近的泥流，这在1982年为Alyeska管道服务公司（APSC）进行的一项研究中有很好的记录。这些信息一直是私人持有的，现在正被公布用于研究目的。此外，最先进的建模技术被引入并应用于所描述的泥浆流动，考虑到深度平均和深度分解（三维）数值方法与粘塑性和弹粘塑性流变模型。本研究中提出的观测和建模方法提供了见解，可以提高对泥流及其动力学的理解和评估。

{"title":"Observations and modeling of slushflows from Atigun Pass, Alaska","authors":"Lars Blatny , David Hamre , Johan Gaume , Peter Gauer , Arthur Mears","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slushflows consist of a mixture of snow, water, and ice and often entrain debris or sediments. The high mobility and high density of the flows make them a considerable natural hazard, endangering settlements and infrastructure. They are most commonly associated with higher latitudes, such as Norway, Iceland, or Alaska, but have also been reported in various other countries, including regions such as the Alps. This paper describes slushflows near Atigun Pass, Alaska, which were well documented in a study for the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (APSC) in 1982. The information has been privately held and is now being released for research purposes. Moreover, state-of-the-art modeling techniques are introduced and applied to the described slushflows, considering both depth-averaged and depth-resolved (three-dimensional) numerical methods with viscoplastic and elasto-viscoplastic rheological models. The observations and modeling approaches presented in this study provide insights that can improve the understanding and assessment of slushflows and their dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 104812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of seepage characteristics in frozen-thawed sandstone: Insights from coupled PFC-COMSOL simulations 冻融砂岩渗流特征演化：PFC-COMSOL耦合模拟的启示

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104844

Taoying Liu, Sisi Wang, Huaheng Li, Mengyuan Cui

The seepage characteristics of geotechnical materials critically affect the stability of engineering structures under rainfall conditions. In cold and high-altitude regions, repeated freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles cause the internal deterioration and damage of engineering rock masses and alter the seepage behavior, leading to frequent instability hazards. To address this issue, a series of F-T tests were conducted on sandstone samples to investigate the evolution of rock's porosity and permeability subjected to different F-T cycles in this paper, combining with the coupled PFC-COMSOL numerical simulations. Moreover, the Dual Permeability Model (DPM) was further employed to simulate the effects on rainwater infiltration behaviors of sandstone treated with F-T cycles. The results show that the porosity of sandstone decreases slowly first and then increases rapidly with the increase of F-T cycles. The permeability exhibits a significant positive correlation with the number of F-T cycles. The peak position of seepage pressure moves deeper into the rock mass with increasing F-T cycles, and the evolution trend of seepage pressure in different seepage media is synchronous. In addition, the influence of F-T cycles on the wetting-front depth is more pronounced than that of rainfall intensity, with an average increase of approximately 30% as the number of cycles rises. During the rainfall infiltration, a dynamic negative correlation between seepage pressure and effective saturation is observed. These test findings demonstrate that F-T cycling significantly modifies the rock pore structure and enhances its infiltration capacity. The study results provide a theoretical reference for the design of protective and drainage systems and for the stability assessment of geotechnical works in alpine and seasonally frozen regions.

岩土材料的渗流特性对降雨条件下工程结构的稳定性有重要影响。在寒冷和高海拔地区，反复冻融循环导致工程岩体内部劣化和破坏，改变了渗流行为，导致失稳危险频发。为了解决这一问题，本文结合PFC-COMSOL耦合数值模拟，对砂岩样品进行了一系列F-T试验，研究了不同F-T循环作用下岩石孔隙度和渗透率的演化规律。此外，采用双渗透模型（DPM）模拟了F-T循环对砂岩雨水入渗行为的影响。结果表明：随着F-T旋回次数的增加，砂岩孔隙度先缓慢减小后迅速增大；渗透率与F-T循环次数呈显著正相关。随着F-T循环次数的增加，渗流压力峰值位置向岩体深处移动，不同渗流介质中渗流压力的演化趋势是同步的。此外，F-T循环对湿锋深度的影响比降雨强度的影响更为明显，随着循环次数的增加，平均增加约30%。在降雨入渗过程中，渗流压力与有效饱和度呈动态负相关。这些试验结果表明，F-T循环显著改变了岩石孔隙结构，提高了岩石的入渗能力。研究结果可为高寒和季节冻结地区的防护排水系统设计和岩土工程稳定性评价提供理论参考。

{"title":"Evolution of seepage characteristics in frozen-thawed sandstone: Insights from coupled PFC-COMSOL simulations","authors":"Taoying Liu, Sisi Wang, Huaheng Li, Mengyuan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seepage characteristics of geotechnical materials critically affect the stability of engineering structures under rainfall conditions. In cold and high-altitude regions, repeated freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles cause the internal deterioration and damage of engineering rock masses and alter the seepage behavior, leading to frequent instability hazards. To address this issue, a series of F-T tests were conducted on sandstone samples to investigate the evolution of rock's porosity and permeability subjected to different F-T cycles in this paper, combining with the coupled PFC-COMSOL numerical simulations. Moreover, the Dual Permeability Model (DPM) was further employed to simulate the effects on rainwater infiltration behaviors of sandstone treated with F-T cycles. The results show that the porosity of sandstone decreases slowly first and then increases rapidly with the increase of F-T cycles. The permeability exhibits a significant positive correlation with the number of F-T cycles. The peak position of seepage pressure moves deeper into the rock mass with increasing F-T cycles, and the evolution trend of seepage pressure in different seepage media is synchronous. In addition, the influence of F-T cycles on the wetting-front depth is more pronounced than that of rainfall intensity, with an average increase of approximately 30% as the number of cycles rises. During the rainfall infiltration, a dynamic negative correlation between seepage pressure and effective saturation is observed. These test findings demonstrate that F-T cycling significantly modifies the rock pore structure and enhances its infiltration capacity. The study results provide a theoretical reference for the design of protective and drainage systems and for the stability assessment of geotechnical works in alpine and seasonally frozen regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 104844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of ice accretion, detection, and mitigation methods for the gondola infrastructure application 贡多拉基础设施应用的冰积、检测和缓解方法综述

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104847

Hamza Asif, Muhammad S. Virk, Jan-Arne Pettersen, Pourya Pourhejazy

Despite the vast economic (e.g., tourism) and environmental advantages (e.g., clean transportation) of gondola lifts, there is a lack of a comprehensive reference about ice accretion, ice detection, and mitigation solutions for safe operations of gondola infrastructure. This paper presents a state-of-the-art scientific literature review drawn from synergetic applications (e.g., power transmission lines, railways, bridges, and aviation structures) to investigate and identify the scientific technological knowledge gaps. An overview of gondola system components along with their operations, as well as the system components' design and safety standards, is provided to discuss the potential impacts of icing on gondola infrastructure. The literature review revealed a lack of comprehensive scientific studies explicitly addressing ice accretion on gondola systems. Insights from the comparable applications and discussion with the gondola operators indicate that ice accretion can pose significant safety risks and potential structural failures. Using opinion and critical reasoning from experts, some existing suitable ice detection and mitigation techniques are listed and mapped to critical gondola components with the potential for practical implementation. Several directions for future research are also identified to contribute to this underexplored field of research.

尽管贡多拉升降机具有巨大的经济（如旅游业）和环境优势（如清洁交通），但缺乏关于贡多拉基础设施安全运行的冰积聚、冰检测和缓解解决方案的综合参考。本文介绍了从协同应用（例如，输电线路，铁路，桥梁和航空结构）中提取的最新科学文献综述，以调查和确定科学技术知识差距。概述了贡多拉系统组件及其操作，以及系统组件的设计和安全标准，讨论了结冰对贡多拉基础设施的潜在影响。文献综述显示，缺乏全面的科学研究明确地解决冰在贡多拉系统的积累。从类似的应用和与贡多拉运营商的讨论中得出的见解表明，冰的增加可能会带来重大的安全风险和潜在的结构故障。根据专家的意见和批判性推理，列出了一些现有的适当的冰探测和减缓技术，并将其映射到具有实际实施潜力的关键贡多拉部件。还确定了未来研究的几个方向，以促进这一尚未开发的研究领域。

{"title":"A review of ice accretion, detection, and mitigation methods for the gondola infrastructure application","authors":"Hamza Asif, Muhammad S. Virk, Jan-Arne Pettersen, Pourya Pourhejazy","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the vast economic (e.g., tourism) and environmental advantages (e.g., clean transportation) of gondola lifts, there is a lack of a comprehensive reference about ice accretion, ice detection, and mitigation solutions for safe operations of gondola infrastructure. This paper presents a state-of-the-art scientific literature review drawn from synergetic applications (e.g., power transmission lines, railways, bridges, and aviation structures) to investigate and identify the scientific technological knowledge gaps. An overview of gondola system components along with their operations, as well as the system components' design and safety standards, is provided to discuss the potential impacts of icing on gondola infrastructure. The literature review revealed a lack of comprehensive scientific studies explicitly addressing ice accretion on gondola systems. Insights from the comparable applications and discussion with the gondola operators indicate that ice accretion can pose significant safety risks and potential structural failures. Using opinion and critical reasoning from experts, some existing suitable ice detection and mitigation techniques are listed and mapped to critical gondola components with the potential for practical implementation. Several directions for future research are also identified to contribute to this underexplored field of research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 104847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Freeze-thaw damage differences in saturated limestone: Macro-meso-micro response and mechanism driven by initial properties 饱和石灰岩冻融损伤差异：初始特性驱动的宏细观响应及机制

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104849

Wen Zhang, Chengxing Chai, Huie Chen, Shurui Zhang, Hua Du, Jia Wang, Han Yin, Jian Wang, Danyang Wu

Rock damage induced by freeze–thaw cycles is influenced by several key factors; however, the underlying mechanisms associated with fissures and mineral composition remain incompletely understood. In this study, four distinct types of limestone specimens, characterized by initial longitudinal wave velocities (V_p) of 1.029 km/s, 3.485 km/s, 4.474 km/s, and 5.556 km/s, underwent 100 freeze–thaw cycles. Through the integration of macroscopic physical testing, CT and SEM microstructural imaging, and XRD mineralogical analysis, the multiscale damage evolution was systematically characterized across these specimens. The results show that progressive freeze–thaw cycles induce concurrent increases in mass loss rate, water absorption rate, and V_p loss rate across all specimens. Specimen P-1 (V_p = 1.029 km/s) exhibited the most substantial mass loss and water absorption, whereas P-3 (V_p = 3.485 km/s) manifested the most pronounced V_p degradation. Comparatively, P-4 (V_p = 4.474 km/s) and P-5 (V_p = 5.556 km/s) displayed progressively attenuated deterioration trends. Microstructural analysis via CT and SEM identified the most extensive micro-crack propagation in P-3. XRD quantification further revealed a consistent mineralogical shift among all specimens after 100 freeze–thaw cycles: decreasing calcite content coupled with increasing clay mineral content, with P-3 undergoing the most pronounced alterations. The study elucidates the distinct freeze-thaw damage mechanisms across three limestone types: low V_p limestone manifested predominant surface spalling and dilation of open cracks; medium V_p limestone exhibited internal micro-crack propagation and transgranular cracking. The degradation of calcite cement reduced structural integrity and promoted microcrack development; high V_p limestone demonstrated exceptional freeze–thaw resistance due to its dense structure and strong cement stability. These findings provide a theoretical basis for stability assessment and hazard mitigation in rock engineering projects in cold regions.

冻融循环引起的岩石损伤受几个关键因素的影响；然而，与裂缝和矿物成分相关的潜在机制仍然不完全清楚。研究中，初始纵波速度Vp分别为1.029 km/s、3.485 km/s、4.474 km/s和5.556 km/s的4种不同类型石灰岩试样经历了100次冻融循环。通过宏观物理测试、CT和SEM显微结构成像以及XRD矿物学分析相结合，系统表征了这些试样的多尺度损伤演化过程。结果表明，在冻融循环过程中，所有试件的质量损失率、吸水率和Vp损失率均呈上升趋势。样品P-1 （Vp = 1.029 km/s）表现出最大的质量损失和吸水率，而样品P-3 （Vp = 3.485 km/s）表现出最明显的Vp降解。相比之下，P-4 （Vp = 4.474 km/s）和P-5 （Vp = 5.556 km/s）的变质趋势逐渐减弱。通过CT和SEM的显微组织分析发现P-3的微裂纹扩展最为广泛。XRD定量分析进一步揭示了100次冻融循环后所有试样的矿物学变化一致：方解石含量降低，粘土矿物含量增加，其中P-3变化最为明显。研究阐明了三种不同类型灰岩冻融损伤机制：低Vp灰岩主要表现为表面剥落和开缝扩张；中Vp灰岩表现为内部微裂纹扩展和穿晶开裂。方解石水泥的降解降低了结构完整性，促进了微裂缝的发展；高Vp石灰石因其致密的结构和较强的水泥稳定性而表现出优异的抗冻融性能。研究结果为寒区岩石工程稳定性评价和减灾提供了理论依据。

{"title":"Freeze-thaw damage differences in saturated limestone: Macro-meso-micro response and mechanism driven by initial properties","authors":"Wen Zhang, Chengxing Chai, Huie Chen, Shurui Zhang, Hua Du, Jia Wang, Han Yin, Jian Wang, Danyang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock damage induced by freeze–thaw cycles is influenced by several key factors; however, the underlying mechanisms associated with fissures and mineral composition remain incompletely understood. In this study, four distinct types of limestone specimens, characterized by initial longitudinal wave velocities (<em>V</em><sub>p</sub>) of 1.029 km/s, 3.485 km/s, 4.474 km/s, and 5.556 km/s, underwent 100 freeze–thaw cycles. Through the integration of macroscopic physical testing, CT and SEM microstructural imaging, and XRD mineralogical analysis, the multiscale damage evolution was systematically characterized across these specimens. The results show that progressive freeze–thaw cycles induce concurrent increases in mass loss rate, water absorption rate, and <em>V</em><sub>p</sub> loss rate across all specimens. Specimen P-1 (<em>V</em><sub>p</sub> = 1.029 km/s) exhibited the most substantial mass loss and water absorption, whereas P-3 (<em>V</em><sub>p</sub> = 3.485 km/s) manifested the most pronounced <em>V</em><sub>p</sub> degradation. Comparatively, P-4 (<em>V</em><sub>p</sub> = 4.474 km/s) and P-5 (<em>V</em><sub>p</sub> = 5.556 km/s) displayed progressively attenuated deterioration trends. Microstructural analysis via CT and SEM identified the most extensive micro-crack propagation in P-3. XRD quantification further revealed a consistent mineralogical shift among all specimens after 100 freeze–thaw cycles: decreasing calcite content coupled with increasing clay mineral content, with P-3 undergoing the most pronounced alterations. The study elucidates the distinct freeze-thaw damage mechanisms across three limestone types: low <em>V</em><sub>p</sub> limestone manifested predominant surface spalling and dilation of open cracks; medium <em>V</em><sub>p</sub> limestone exhibited internal micro-crack propagation and transgranular cracking. The degradation of calcite cement reduced structural integrity and promoted microcrack development; high <em>V</em><sub>p</sub> limestone demonstrated exceptional freeze–thaw resistance due to its dense structure and strong cement stability. These findings provide a theoretical basis for stability assessment and hazard mitigation in rock engineering projects in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 104849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sea ice thickness surveys with a drone-borne multi-frequency EM sensor 用无人机机载多频电磁传感器测量海冰厚度

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104848

Mara Neudert , Carl Thibault , Robert Briggs , Trevor Bell , Christian Haas

Electromagnetic (EM) ice thickness surveys are essential for sea ice thickness monitoring in Arctic communities and a valuable tool for sea ice research, helping mitigate sea ice travel risk by identifying areas with thin ice and assessing ice thickness distributions. Traditionally, the sensor is towed on a sled by a snowmobile for data collection; however, climate change induced variations in ice conditions are making ice travel more hazardous and less predictable. This study examines the use of airborne EM surveys to reduce the need for direct ice access. A lightweight commercial multi-frequency EM sensor combined with custom altitude and attitude sensors were mounted on a custom drone to remotely measure ice thickness, minimizing human risk exposure while potentially expanding the survey range. Challenges included ensuring stable drone performance under sensor load in typical conditions, managing noise and interference in the EM signal created by the drone, and collecting accurate sensor altitude data for precise thickness estimates. Test flights successfully retrieved combined ice and snow thickness in agreement with manual drill hole measurements, and tested an efficient in-flight sensor calibration. Our results are promising, indicating strong potential for efficient and accurate EM surveys from a safe distance of increasingly hazardous ice using a drone-borne multi-frequency EM sensor.

电磁（EM）冰厚测量对于北极地区的海冰厚度监测至关重要，也是海冰研究的重要工具，通过识别薄冰区域和评估冰厚分布，有助于减轻海冰旅行风险。传统上，传感器由雪地摩托牵引在雪橇上进行数据收集；然而，气候变化引起的冰况变化正使冰行变得更加危险和难以预测。本研究探讨了使用机载电磁测量来减少对直接冰通道的需求。轻型商用多频电磁传感器与定制高度和姿态传感器相结合，安装在定制无人机上，用于远程测量冰层厚度，最大限度地减少人类风险，同时可能扩大测量范围。挑战包括在典型条件下确保无人机在传感器负载下的稳定性能，管理无人机产生的电磁信号中的噪声和干扰，以及收集精确的传感器高度数据以进行精确的厚度估计。测试飞行成功地获取了与人工钻孔测量一致的冰雪厚度，并测试了有效的飞行传感器校准。我们的研究结果很有希望，表明使用无人机携带的多频电磁传感器在日益危险的冰层的安全距离上进行有效和准确的电磁测量具有很大的潜力。

{"title":"Sea ice thickness surveys with a drone-borne multi-frequency EM sensor","authors":"Mara Neudert , Carl Thibault , Robert Briggs , Trevor Bell , Christian Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic (EM) ice thickness surveys are essential for sea ice thickness monitoring in Arctic communities and a valuable tool for sea ice research, helping mitigate sea ice travel risk by identifying areas with thin ice and assessing ice thickness distributions. Traditionally, the sensor is towed on a sled by a snowmobile for data collection; however, climate change induced variations in ice conditions are making ice travel more hazardous and less predictable. This study examines the use of airborne EM surveys to reduce the need for direct ice access. A lightweight commercial multi-frequency EM sensor combined with custom altitude and attitude sensors were mounted on a custom drone to remotely measure ice thickness, minimizing human risk exposure while potentially expanding the survey range. Challenges included ensuring stable drone performance under sensor load in typical conditions, managing noise and interference in the EM signal created by the drone, and collecting accurate sensor altitude data for precise thickness estimates. Test flights successfully retrieved combined ice and snow thickness in agreement with manual drill hole measurements, and tested an efficient in-flight sensor calibration. Our results are promising, indicating strong potential for efficient and accurate EM surveys from a safe distance of increasingly hazardous ice using a drone-borne multi-frequency EM sensor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 104848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determining representative length in analytical model for artificial ground freezing: A numerical study 人工冻结分析模型中代表长度的确定：数值研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104842

Shun Kikuchi , Hirotaka Saito , Masato Oishi , Kunio Watanabe , Yusuke Yabuchi

Parameter ambiguity, particularly the representative length

l

denoting the overall scale of the frozen wall, frequently impedes the development of analytical models for artificial ground freezing. This study proposes a quantitative methodology for determining

l

using numerical simulations. After validating the coupled thermo-hydraulic solver against laboratory experiments, we conducted a parametric study of 12 pipe layouts under varying groundwater velocities. The results showed that the critical flow velocity decreased with the number of pipes owing to the hydraulic dam-up effect. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model was used to predict

l

as a function of the total wall length, pipe density, and their interactions. This analysis revealed that a higher pipe density significantly improved the hydraulic robustness of longer frozen walls. The predictive model achieved a high coefficient of determination of 0.9771. By transforming

l

from a vague assumption into a predictable parameter for high-permeability soils, this study bridges numerical simulations and analytical models to enhance engineering design reliability.

参数的模糊性，特别是表示冻结墙总体规模的代表长度l，经常阻碍人工冻结分析模型的发展。本研究提出了一种使用数值模拟来确定l的定量方法。在通过实验室实验验证了热-液耦合求解器后，我们对不同地下水流速下的12种管道布局进行了参数化研究。结果表明：由于水力淤积作用，临界流速随管道数的增加而减小；随后，使用多元线性回归模型预测了l作为总壁长、管道密度及其相互作用的函数。该分析表明，较高的管道密度显著提高了较长冻结壁的水力稳健性。该预测模型具有较高的决定系数（0.9771）。通过将高渗透土的模糊假设转化为可预测参数，将数值模拟与解析模型相结合，提高工程设计的可靠性。

{"title":"Determining representative length in analytical model for artificial ground freezing: A numerical study","authors":"Shun Kikuchi , Hirotaka Saito , Masato Oishi , Kunio Watanabe , Yusuke Yabuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parameter ambiguity, particularly the representative length <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span> denoting the overall scale of the frozen wall, frequently impedes the development of analytical models for artificial ground freezing. This study proposes a quantitative methodology for determining <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span> using numerical simulations. After validating the coupled thermo-hydraulic solver against laboratory experiments, we conducted a parametric study of 12 pipe layouts under varying groundwater velocities. The results showed that the critical flow velocity decreased with the number of pipes owing to the hydraulic dam-up effect. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model was used to predict <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span> as a function of the total wall length, pipe density, and their interactions. This analysis revealed that a higher pipe density significantly improved the hydraulic robustness of longer frozen walls. The predictive model achieved a high coefficient of determination of 0.9771. By transforming <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span> from a vague assumption into a predictable parameter for high-permeability soils, this study bridges numerical simulations and analytical models to enhance engineering design reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 104842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on elevated temperature effect and damage mechanism of frozen soil under impact loading 冲击荷载作用下冻土的高温效应及损伤机理研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104843

Dongdong Ma , Maoqi Li , Rongrong Zhang , Yizhong Tan

A primary methodological constraint in analyzing dynamic damage progression within frozen soil systems arises from experimental limitations in obtaining high-resolution thermal measurements during transient impact loading. To address this challenge, an advanced experimental methodology was developed to synchronously measure the mechanical properties and temperature variation of the measurement points on the surface of frozen soil specimen under impact loading, incorporating a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) coupled with an Infrared Temperature Measurement System (ITMS). In addition, the parameters of the PFC3D model were determined by comparing the simulation and test elevated temperature curves. The elevated temperature field evolution characteristic of frozen soil with various conditions was systematically studied. Moreover, the work-to-heat conversion coefficient (η) of frozen soil was determined by comparing the calculated elevated temperature curves and the simulated results. Finally, the elevated temperature damage mechanism of frozen soil under impact loading was analyzed by revealing the ice-water transformation process. Results demonstrated that the temperature elevation under impact loading showed a gradual and non-uniform progression. The average elevated temperature value of frozen soil increased with the decrease of initial temperature and the increase of strain rate, and its maximum value 1.18 °C was observed under −30 °C initial temperature and 920 s⁻¹ strain rate. The η values of frozen soil ranged from 0.89 to 0.95 spanning a range of subzero temperatures (−10 °C to −30 °C) and strain rates (480 s⁻¹ to 920 s⁻¹). The observed decline in dynamic strength and decreased material brittleness resulting from impact-induced temperature elevation were attributed to three interconnected mechanisms: a progressive reduction in ice crystal content, a concomitant rise in unfrozen water concentration, and the progressive deterioration of interparticle bonding strength throughout thermal loading. The research findings provided significant guidance and served as a valuable reference for practical engineering applications.

分析冻土系统动态损伤进展的主要方法限制来自于在瞬态冲击加载期间获得高分辨率热测量的实验限制。为了解决这一挑战，开发了一种先进的实验方法，将改进的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）与红外测温系统（ITMS）结合起来，同步测量冻土试样表面测点在冲击载荷下的力学特性和温度变化。此外，通过对比模拟升温曲线和试验升温曲线，确定了PFC3D模型的参数。系统研究了不同条件下冻土高温场的演化特征。通过计算的升温曲线与模拟结果的比较，确定了冻土的功热转换系数（η）。最后，通过揭示冰-水转化过程，分析了冲击荷载作用下冻土的高温损伤机理。结果表明：冲击载荷作用下的温度升高呈渐进的、不均匀的变化。冻土平均升温值随着初始温度的降低和应变速率的增大而增大，在初始温度为- 30℃，应变速率为920 s−1时，冻土平均升温值达到最大值1.18℃。在零下温度（−10℃~−30℃）和应变速率（480 s−1 ~ 920 s−1）范围内，冻土的η值为0.89 ~ 0.95。由于温度升高而导致的动态强度下降和材料脆性下降可归因于三个相互关联的机制：冰晶含量的逐渐减少，伴随的未冻水浓度的上升，以及在热加载过程中颗粒间结合强度的逐渐恶化。研究结果对实际工程应用具有重要的指导意义和参考价值。

{"title":"Study on elevated temperature effect and damage mechanism of frozen soil under impact loading","authors":"Dongdong Ma , Maoqi Li , Rongrong Zhang , Yizhong Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A primary methodological constraint in analyzing dynamic damage progression within frozen soil systems arises from experimental limitations in obtaining high-resolution thermal measurements during transient impact loading. To address this challenge, an advanced experimental methodology was developed to synchronously measure the mechanical properties and temperature variation of the measurement points on the surface of frozen soil specimen under impact loading, incorporating a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) coupled with an Infrared Temperature Measurement System (ITMS). In addition, the parameters of the PFC3D model were determined by comparing the simulation and test elevated temperature curves. The elevated temperature field evolution characteristic of frozen soil with various conditions was systematically studied. Moreover, the work-to-heat conversion coefficient (<em>η</em>) of frozen soil was determined by comparing the calculated elevated temperature curves and the simulated results. Finally, the elevated temperature damage mechanism of frozen soil under impact loading was analyzed by revealing the ice-water transformation process. Results demonstrated that the temperature elevation under impact loading showed a gradual and non-uniform progression. The average elevated temperature value of frozen soil increased with the decrease of initial temperature and the increase of strain rate, and its maximum value 1.18 °C was observed under −30 °C initial temperature and 920 s<sup>−1</sup> strain rate. The <em>η</em> values of frozen soil ranged from 0.89 to 0.95 spanning a range of subzero temperatures (−10 °C to −30 °C) and strain rates (480 s<sup>−1</sup> to 920 s<sup>−1</sup>). The observed decline in dynamic strength and decreased material brittleness resulting from impact-induced temperature elevation were attributed to three interconnected mechanisms: a progressive reduction in ice crystal content, a concomitant rise in unfrozen water concentration, and the progressive deterioration of interparticle bonding strength throughout thermal loading. The research findings provided significant guidance and served as a valuable reference for practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 104843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shear strength-temperature-moisture content relationship of warm frozen ground for thaw slump stability analysis 暖冻土抗剪强度-温度-含水率关系的融坍稳定性分析

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104820

Cedric Rugwizangoga , Greg Siemens

Permafrost covers nearly 50 % of Canada, co-located with intense climate warming occurring four times the global average. These factors have led to a significant increase in geohazards, including landslides, thawing glaciers, mass wasting, and instability in ice-rich soils. Retrogressive thaw slumps have increased by 60 % in recent decades raising concerns for linear infrastructure, built environment, community, and the environment. Previous research includes both site-specific and remote studies seeking to understand controlling factors of thaw slumps and triggering mechanisms that lead to a range of potential outcomes from significant retrogression, slumping, or self-stabilization. Recently physical modelling in a geotechnical centrifuge has shown that the thaw slump outcome (retrogression through self-stabilization) occurs at temperatures near 0 °C and that ice content plays a significant role. Shear failures observed during physical models give motivation to complete limit equilibrium analysis, however, the shear strength relationship is unknown and difficult to accurately measure in warm frozen ground (between −1 and 0 °C). In this paper, the shear strength-temperature-moisture content relationship of warm frozen ground is reported and used in stability analysis of shear failure thaw slumps. Results showed that shear strength significantly decreases between −1 and 0 °C and then remains constant at positive temperatures. Shear strength is very sensitive to changes in both temperature below zero and moisture content at positive and negative temperatures. Results were implemented in slope stability analyses to illustrate the high sensitivity of factor of safety to temperature and ice/moisture content in thawing fine-grained materials.

永久冻土覆盖了加拿大近50%的土地，与气候变暖的剧烈程度是全球平均水平的四倍。这些因素导致了地质灾害的显著增加，包括山体滑坡、冰川融化、大规模浪费和富冰土壤的不稳定。近几十年来，消退性融雪滑坡增加了60%，这引起了人们对线性基础设施、建筑环境、社区和环境的关注。先前的研究包括特定地点和远程研究，旨在了解融化滑坡的控制因素和触发机制，这些机制导致一系列潜在的结果，包括显著的倒退、滑坡或自稳定。最近岩土工程离心机的物理模拟表明，融坍的结果（通过自稳定的倒退）发生在接近0°C的温度下，冰含量起着重要作用。在物理模型中观察到的剪切破坏为完成极限平衡分析提供了动力，然而，在温暖的冻土中（在- 1和0°C之间），剪切强度关系是未知的，难以准确测量。本文报道了暖冻土的抗剪强度-温度-含水率关系，并将其应用于冻融滑坡的抗剪破坏稳定性分析。结果表明：在- 1 ~ 0°C之间，剪切强度显著降低，在正温度下保持不变；抗剪强度对零度以下温度和正、负温度下水分含量的变化都非常敏感。结果应用于边坡稳定性分析，说明了细粒材料融化过程中安全系数对温度和冰/水含量的高度敏感性。

{"title":"Shear strength-temperature-moisture content relationship of warm frozen ground for thaw slump stability analysis","authors":"Cedric Rugwizangoga , Greg Siemens","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permafrost covers nearly 50 % of Canada, co-located with intense climate warming occurring four times the global average. These factors have led to a significant increase in geohazards, including landslides, thawing glaciers, mass wasting, and instability in ice-rich soils. Retrogressive thaw slumps have increased by 60 % in recent decades raising concerns for linear infrastructure, built environment, community, and the environment. Previous research includes both site-specific and remote studies seeking to understand controlling factors of thaw slumps and triggering mechanisms that lead to a range of potential outcomes from significant retrogression, slumping, or self-stabilization. Recently physical modelling in a geotechnical centrifuge has shown that the thaw slump outcome (retrogression through self-stabilization) occurs at temperatures near 0 °C and that ice content plays a significant role. Shear failures observed during physical models give motivation to complete limit equilibrium analysis, however, the shear strength relationship is unknown and difficult to accurately measure in warm frozen ground (between −1 and 0 °C). In this paper, the shear strength-temperature-moisture content relationship of warm frozen ground is reported and used in stability analysis of shear failure thaw slumps. Results showed that shear strength significantly decreases between −1 and 0 °C and then remains constant at positive temperatures. Shear strength is very sensitive to changes in both temperature below zero and moisture content at positive and negative temperatures. Results were implemented in slope stability analyses to illustrate the high sensitivity of factor of safety to temperature and ice/moisture content in thawing fine-grained materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 104820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uniaxial compressive behavior of frozen silty clay at extreme low temperature with varying initial water content 冻结粉质粘土在极低温下随初始含水量变化的单轴压缩特性

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104825

Jiaming Xian , Wansheng Pei , Yuanming Lai , Mingyi Zhang , Fan Yu , Yanyan Chen

Current researches on frozen soil mechanics mainly focus on temperature above −30 °C. However, increasing extreme low temperature conditions (e.g., extreme cold weather in cold regions, artificial ground freezing construction, and liquefied natural gas storage) demands a clear understanding of frozen soil mechanics below −30 °C. In this study, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on silty clay samples at varied initial mass water contents (12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, and 20%) and temperatures ranging from −10 °C to −130 °C. The influence of extreme low temperature and initial water content on the mechanical behavior and failure mode were analyzed by combining the macro test and material compositions. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus increase as temperature decreases for soil with lower initial water content (12% to 16%). In contrast, at higher initial water content (18% to 20%), the UCS rises to a peak at −110 °C and then declines with further cooling. Meanwhile, the shapes of stress-strain curves have three types, including strain softening, strain hardening, and brittleness. All samples exhibit pronounced brittle transition at approximately −110 °C. Two brittleness evaluation methods were employed to quantitatively assess the brittleness level of the soil samples. Moreover, the failure mode also changes with temperature and initial water content, including the localized failure with shear band, the bulge failure, the splitting failure, and the crushing failure. The strength variation at extreme low temperature is attributed to the combined effect of the strength variation of the pore ice and the mineral compositions in soil particles, and the bond effect between ice and soil particles. These findings elucidate the mechanical behavior and the evolution of brittleness in frozen silty clay under extreme low temperature conditions. They can provide a scientific basis for safer geotechnical design and infrastructure resilience in cold environments.

目前的冻土力学研究主要集中在−30℃以上的温度。然而，越来越多的极端低温条件（例如，寒冷地区的极端寒冷天气，人工地面冻结施工和液化天然气储存）需要清楚地了解- 30°C以下的冻土力学。在这项研究中，粉质粘土样品在不同的初始质量含水量（12%、14%、16%、18%和20%）和温度范围（- 10°C至- 130°C）下进行单轴压缩试验。结合宏观试验和材料成分分析了极低温和初始含水量对材料力学行为和破坏模式的影响。结果表明：初始含水量较低（12% ~ 16%）时，土体单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随温度降低而增大；相比之下，在较高的初始含水量（18%至20%）下，UCS在- 110°C时达到峰值，然后随着进一步冷却而下降。同时，应力-应变曲线的形状有应变软化、应变硬化和脆性三种类型。所有样品在约- 110°C时表现出明显的脆性转变。采用两种脆性评价方法定量评价土样的脆性水平。破坏模式也随温度和初始含水量的变化而变化，包括局部剪切带破坏、鼓包破坏、劈裂破坏和破碎破坏。极低温条件下的强度变化主要是孔隙冰强度变化与土壤颗粒矿物组成的综合作用，以及冰与土壤颗粒之间的粘结作用。这些发现阐明了极低温条件下冻结粉质粘土的力学行为和脆性演化。它们可以为更安全的岩土工程设计和寒冷环境下基础设施的恢复能力提供科学依据。

{"title":"Uniaxial compressive behavior of frozen silty clay at extreme low temperature with varying initial water content","authors":"Jiaming Xian , Wansheng Pei , Yuanming Lai , Mingyi Zhang , Fan Yu , Yanyan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current researches on frozen soil mechanics mainly focus on temperature above −30 °C. However, increasing extreme low temperature conditions (e.g., extreme cold weather in cold regions, artificial ground freezing construction, and liquefied natural gas storage) demands a clear understanding of frozen soil mechanics below −30 °C. In this study, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on silty clay samples at varied initial mass water contents (12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, and 20%) and temperatures ranging from −10 °C to −130 °C. The influence of extreme low temperature and initial water content on the mechanical behavior and failure mode were analyzed by combining the macro test and material compositions. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus increase as temperature decreases for soil with lower initial water content (12% to 16%). In contrast, at higher initial water content (18% to 20%), the UCS rises to a peak at −110 °C and then declines with further cooling. Meanwhile, the shapes of stress-strain curves have three types, including strain softening, strain hardening, and brittleness. All samples exhibit pronounced brittle transition at approximately −110 °C. Two brittleness evaluation methods were employed to quantitatively assess the brittleness level of the soil samples. Moreover, the failure mode also changes with temperature and initial water content, including the localized failure with shear band, the bulge failure, the splitting failure, and the crushing failure. The strength variation at extreme low temperature is attributed to the combined effect of the strength variation of the pore ice and the mineral compositions in soil particles, and the bond effect between ice and soil particles. These findings elucidate the mechanical behavior and the evolution of brittleness in frozen silty clay under extreme low temperature conditions. They can provide a scientific basis for safer geotechnical design and infrastructure resilience in cold environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 104825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0