Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Hydromechanical analysis of shear behaviors of sandstone with ice-filled fractures","authors":"Wei Tang ,&nbsp;Guangbo Chen ,&nbsp;Junwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Tan Li ,&nbsp;Qing Ma ,&nbsp;Eryu Wang ,&nbsp;Huiqiang Duan ,&nbsp;Chuangye Wang ,&nbsp;Yejiao Liu ,&nbsp;Guohua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock masses in high-altitude and extremely cold regions are generally characterized by ice-filled fractures, pores, and joints, which are prone to deterioration and instability under dynamic disturbances. To investigate the effects of ice-filled fractures on the mechanical properties and failure characteristics of rocks, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on sandstone specimens with ice-filled fractures of varying inclinations and lengths. Their mechanical responses, acoustic emission (AE) characteristics, and instability mechanisms were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) Fracture inclination and length significantly affect mechanical parameters (e.g., compressive strength, elastic modulus) of the specimens. All parameters reach the minimum when the ice-filled fracture inclination is 45°, while they decrease continuously with the increase in fracture length. (2) The deformation and failure process of the specimens can be divided into four stages, presenting a tensile-shear mixed failure mode. The <em>RA</em>/<em>AF</em> ratio increases first and then decreases with fracture inclination (peaking at 75°) and decreases continuously with increasing fracture length, confirming that tensile failure dominates in all specimens. (3) The ultimate instability of the specimens is induced by the interaction between wing cracks or between wing cracks and secondary cracks. Increases in both inclination and length of ice-filled fractures intensify crack propagation and specimen damage. (4) A damage constitutive equation established based on statistical distribution theory and the Drucker-Prager (D<img>P) strength criterion yields a validation error of 0.11 %–9.77 %, which can accurately depict the stress-strain behavior. This study reveals the instability mechanism of ice-filled fractured sandstone under water-ice phase transition at multiple scales, providing valuable insights for predicting the mechanical properties of rock masses and ensuring the safety and stability of geotechnical engineering in high-altitude cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 104799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating electrical resistivity tomography into predictive thermal modeling of permafrost beneath railway infrastructure: Case study of the Hudson Bay Railway","authors":"Konstantin Ozeritskiy ,&nbsp;Teddi Herring ,&nbsp;Jocelyn L. Hayley ,&nbsp;Emmanuel L'Herault ,&nbsp;Pascale Roy-Léveillée","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the integration of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data into predictive thermal modeling of permafrost conditions at three sites along the Hudson Bay Railway in northern Manitoba. The model was initially calibrated using borehole temperature data collected under undisturbed natural conditions, followed by calibration of the subsurface temperature regime beneath the railway embankment using ERT-derived resistivity fields. The calibrated model was then used to forecast the ground temperature evolution over a 30-year period, supporting the assessment of infrastructure stability and long-term maintenance planning. This integrated approach demonstrates the value of ERT in locations where conventional ground temperature monitoring is limited or infeasible. By improving the spatial resolution of initial model conditions, the methodology enhances predictive accuracy, supporting better-informed design strategies and mitigation measures for infrastructure projects in permafrost regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 104809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependent shear behavior of glacial till-ice composite: Experimental insights from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Zhenxing Liu ,&nbsp;Jiao Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Cui ,&nbsp;Yao Jiang ,&nbsp;Tao Wei ,&nbsp;Jingxuan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tibetan Plateau, often referred to as the “Third Pole,” exhibits heightened sensitivity and vulnerability to global climate change. It has been documented that the progressive retreat of high-altitude glaciers in this region, a phenomenon attributed to global warming, has led to the accumulation of extensive loose and unvegetated glacial till with buried ice (glacial till-ice composite). These unconsolidated deposits frequently serve as primary source materials for glacier-related hazards, including landslides and debris flows. Especially, the Parlung Tsangpo drainage basin in the southeastern portion of the Tibetan Plateau contains many glaciers with associated unconsolidated till. While significant efforts have been directed toward assessing the potential risks of glacier hazards in this area, the mechanical properties of glacial till-ice composite in response to climate warming remain poorly understood. To address this gap, a series of shear tests on glacial till-ice composite were conducted using a high-precision, temperature-controlled triaxial coupling test system, aiming to elucidate the shear deformation characteristics of glacial till-ice composite under varying temperatures and ice content levels. The findings reveal that the internal friction angle and cohesion of glacial till-ice composite undergo stage-wise changes with temperature, with the most pronounced reduction in strength observed within the −3 to −5 °C range. Furthermore, within this temperature interval, the cohesion of glacial till-ice composite demonstrates an exponential increase with rising ice content. In contrast to conventional frozen soils, glacial till-ice composites exhibit strength degradation over a narrower temperature range, characterized by accelerated strength attenuation and more significant strength loss during the deterioration process. To quantify these effects, Boltzmann and exponential attenuation functions were introduced to describe the influence of temperature and ice content on the shear strength of glacial till-ice composite. Based on the experimental results, a critical shear strength line for glacial till-ice composite was established as a function of temperature and ice content, and a strength degradation model incorporating these variables was developed. This model offers theoretical backing for disaster prevention and risk assessment of glacier debris flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of ground Freeze-Thaw dynamics across Northeastern China","authors":"Dongyu Yang ,&nbsp;Miao Li ,&nbsp;Zunyi Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wu ,&nbsp;Haoran Man ,&nbsp;Dianfan Guo ,&nbsp;Jianhua Ren ,&nbsp;Shuying Zang ,&nbsp;Luhe Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground freeze-thaw dynamics critically affect carbon cycling and ecosystem stability in cold regions. In the frozen ground region of northeastern China (FGRN China), these dynamics are governed by synergistic biotic, climatic, physiographic, and anthropogenic drivers, making spatiotemporal characterization and causal attribution particularly challenging. We establish a ground freeze-thaw dynamic index (FTDI) based on the ground freezing index (GFI) and ground thawing index (GTI), to quantify ground freeze-thaw dynamics in FGRN China (1982–2020). Using geostatistics, geodetector, and structural equation model (SEM), we analyze spatiotemporal patterns, critical thresholds, and driving mechanisms. The results indicate that the area where FTDI &lt;0 (i.e., GFI &gt; GTI) is shrinking significantly at a rate of 0.45 × 10⁴ km²/a, with its gravity center shifting from the sporadic permafrost region (SPR) toward the discontinuous permafrost region (DPR) across the Da Xing'anling Mountains. This indicates that ground warming will be more pronounced in DPR within FGRN China. Furthermore, critical thresholds were detected only for precipitation changes (≈ −3.2 mm/a; beyond inhibiting thawing) and snow cover changes (≈ −0.19 %/a; beyond promoting thawing). SEM revealed a succession of dominant controlling factors and mechanistic transitions across the frozen ground degradation gradient. Precipitation changes primarily promoted thawing in DPR. In SPR, the inhibitory effect of soil water changes became prominent, while precipitation changes shifted from promotion to inhibition (suggesting a threshold). In the isolated patch permafrost region, thawing was regulated by the inhibitory effect of precipitation and the promoting effect of altitude. In the seasonal frozen ground region, the snow cover changes shifted from inhibition to promotion of thawing (suggesting a threshold). These findings reveal the environmental complexity governing ground freeze-thaw dynamics and provide insights into ecosystem stability and climate change projections in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial–temporal characteristics of soil thermal conductivity in the arctic permafrost in 1980–2020","authors":"Wenhao Liu ,&nbsp;Ren Li ,&nbsp;Tonghua Wu ,&nbsp;Guojie Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wu ,&nbsp;Jimin Yao ,&nbsp;Yao Xiao ,&nbsp;Shenning Wang ,&nbsp;Junjie Ma ,&nbsp;Jianzong Shi ,&nbsp;Shengfeng Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yongping Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate soil thermal conductivity (STC) data and their spatiotemporal variability are critical for the accurate simulation of future changes in Arctic permafrost. However, <em>in-situ</em> measured STC data remain scarce in the Arctic permafrost region, and the STC parameterization schemes commonly used in current land surface process models (LSMs) fail to meet the actual needs of accurate simulation of hydrothermal processes in permafrost, leading to considerable errors in the simulation results of Arctic permafrost. This study used the XGBoost method to simulate the spatial–temporal variability of the STC in the upper 5 cm active layer of Arctic permafrost during thawing and freezing periods from 1980 to 2020. The findings indicated STC variations between the thawing and freezing periods across different years, with values ranging from −0.4 to 0.28 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹. The mean STC during the freezing period was higher than that during the thawing period. Tundra, forest, and barren land exhibited the greatest sensitivity of STC to freeze–thaw transitions. This is the first study to explore the long-term spatiotemporal variations of STC in Arctic permafrost, and these findings and datasets can provide useful support for future research on Arctic permafrost evolution simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A surrogate modeling approach for predicting the dynamic galloping of iced feeder lines in high-speed railways","authors":"Changhong He,&nbsp;Guangning Wu,&nbsp;Yi Fang,&nbsp;Zongbao Gao,&nbsp;Guoqiang Gao,&nbsp;Zheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The feeder line in high-speed railways is important equipment for improving supply voltage and enhancing current transmission in the traction power supply system. The catenary uses a complex structure to meet the requirements for sliding electrical contact and current transfer under high tension and smoothness, while the feeder line, with relatively lower tension between spans, is more prone to low-frequency, large-amplitude galloping under icing conditions. Addressing the unclear mechanisms, uncertain patterns, and difficulty in predicting galloping of iced feeder lines, the paper develops a surrogate model for predicting galloping using numerical simulation and deep learning methods. First, the icing of the feeder line is decomposed into the processes of collision, capture, and freezing, with an iterative calculation-based dynamic icing simulation platform is developed. Next, the dynamic galloping behavior of the feeder line under different icing states is studied, and a database is constructed. Finally, a surrogate model for predicting galloping of iced feeder lines is established using an echo state network. The above study solves the problem of difficult monitoring of iced feeder lines, clarifies the relationship between icing and galloping, and provides theoretical and technical support for dynamic galloping early warning of high-speed railway feeder lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic variations of near-surface temperature and moisture at a desertified permafrost site on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Zhanju Lin ,&nbsp;Nuocheng Li ,&nbsp;Xuhui Wang ,&nbsp;Xingwen Fan ,&nbsp;Wenjiao Li ,&nbsp;Xuyang Wu ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-surface temperature and moisture are key boundary conditions for simulating permafrost distribution, projecting its response to climate change, and evaluating the surface energy balance in alpine regions. However, in desertified permafrost zones of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), the observations remain sparse, and reported trends vary considerably among sites. This lack of consistent evidence limits the ability to represent microenvironmental processes in models and to predict their influence on permafrost stability. From September 2021 to August 2024, we conducted continuous observations at a desertified permafrost site on the central QTP, covering the vertical range from 150 cm above to 100 cm below the ground surface (boundary layer). Measurements included air and ground temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, wind speed, and net radiation. Results showed that the mean annual air temperature increased with decreasing height at a gradient of approximately 0.42 °C/m, while mean annual air humidity remained nearly constant at 56.8 ± 1.1 % (150–0 cm). In the near-surface soil layer (0 ∼ −10 cm), temperature rose by 3.6 ± 0.1 °C and moisture decreased by 34.0 ± 2.7 %. The mean annual ground temperature increased with depth at a rate of about 0.55 °C/m, whereas soil moisture decreased between −20 and −60 cm (52.86 %/m) and increased between −60 and −100 cm (56.30 %/m). Seasonal patterns showed marked difference: in the freezing season, the calculated total temperature increment within the boundary layer (1.91 °C) was 61 % lower than the observed value (4.88 °C), while in the thawing season, it was 58 % higher (4.38 °C &gt; 2.77 °C). These results reveal strong vertical gradients and seasonal contrasts in thermal and moisture regimes, emphasizing the need to integrate coupled temperature-moisture processes into boundary layer parameterizations for cold-region environments. Improved representations can enhance permafrost modeling and inform infrastructure design in regions experiencing both warming and desertification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the influence of train-induced wind on the temperature field of high-speed railway tunnel in cold region in different temperature modes","authors":"Weiping Xu ,&nbsp;JinHang Qin ,&nbsp;KeGuo Sun ,&nbsp;Yong Wei ,&nbsp;Bing Jiang ,&nbsp;Chao Liu ,&nbsp;Yangyang Li ,&nbsp;Leilei Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As railway networks rapidly expand and high-speed trains operate at greater velocities, tunnel temperature profiles are increasingly affected by train-induced winds. Based on the tunnel characteristic temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>C</em>) and external temperature of the tunnel (<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), four basic tunnel internal-external temperature modes are determined: T-NN(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both negative), T-PP(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both positive), T-NP(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> is negative, <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> is positive) and T-PN(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> is positive, <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> is negative), and further subdivided into T-NN1(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both negative, <em>T</em>_<em>C</em>&gt;<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), T-NN2(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both negative, <em>T</em>_<em>C</em>&lt;<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), T-PP1(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both positive, <em>T</em>_<em>C</em>&gt;<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), T-PP2(<em>T</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>T</em>_<em>E</em> are both positive, <em>T</em>_<em>C</em>&lt;<em>T</em>_<em>E</em>), T-NP and T-PN. Then numerical analyses based on FLUENT are conducted to analyze the effects of train-induced winds on tunnel air temperature distribution across different temperature modes. Finally, the effect of train speeds and blocking rates on tunnel internal air temperature distribution is systematically analyzed. The results show that, according to measured data, temperature modes are ranked as T-NN1 (87.01 %) &gt; T-NN2 (7.28 %) &gt; T-PN (4.47 %) &gt; T-PP1 (0.64 %) &gt; T-PP2 (0.51 %) &gt; T-NP (0.09 %) in terms of the probability of occurrence. Furthermore, Train-induced winds produce a double thermal effect. In T-NP, T-PP2 and T-NN2 modes, the train-induced wind increases the air temperature of the entrance section and improves tunnel's cold resistance, but it weakens cold resistance in T-PN, T-NN1, and T-PP1 modes. Therefore, when selecting locations for tunnel openings in high-speed railroads, it is recommended to prioritize areas with high solar radiation intensity in order to increase the percentage of T-PP2, T-NP and T-NN2 modes. Moreover, in T-NN and T-PN modes, increased train speeds and higher blocking ratios proportionally extend sub-zero temperature zones, complicating frost prevention. Conversely, T-PP and T-NP modes demonstrate an inverse relationship, which is not conducive to frost protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the thickness of slush on sea ice with multi-frequency EM induction sounding","authors":"Mara Neudert ,&nbsp;Robert Briggs ,&nbsp;Trevor Bell ,&nbsp;Stefan Hendricks ,&nbsp;Christian Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slush from flooding of sea ice contributes significantly to the sea ice mass balance in the Arctic and Antarctic and poses significant hazards for Arctic communities, affecting the safe use of sea ice for travel, hunting, and other activities. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of multi-frequency electromagnetic (EM) induction sounding for the joint retrieval of slush and ice thicknesses. For the multi-frequency GEM-2 instrument, we identified optimal frequency combinations, for example 5, 10, 20, 30, and 93 kHz, through inversion of synthetic data with realistic noise to achieve minimal mean absolute errors (MAE) of less than 5 cm for slush as thick as 60 cm.</div><div>Field EM surveys, validated with coincident drill hole data, demonstrated reliable performance of the method under practical field conditions for slush layers up to 20 cm thick. Instrument calibration was robust but faced challenges at sites where snow and ice conditions deviated from the ideal one-layer model for snow and ice. The inclusion of varying sea ice conductivities in the calibration process enhanced reliability, and we show that a single instrument calibration remains stable for over a week for this instrument of the newest GEM-2 generation.</div><div>The method’s transferability to airborne applications, such as drone-mounted surveys, offers the potential to eliminate operator risks associated with ground-based measurements on thin ice with thick slush. Overall, multi-frequency EM induction sounding provides a time-efficient and accurate tool for mapping the separate thicknesses of slush and of snow-plus-ice thicknesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normalized comparative study of ice accretion on wind turbine blades: Influence of airfoil geometry and size","authors":"Zhiqiang Liu,&nbsp;Kebo Ma,&nbsp;Nan Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice accretion on wind turbine blades in cold and humid climates critically impacts energy output, equipment lifespan, and operational safety. To clarify the mechanisms and guide targeted anti−/de-icing strategies, this study employs CFD simulations on airfoils with different geometries and chord lengths, representing various spanwise positions along the blade, under a wide range of droplet velocity, liquid water content (LWC), ambient temperature, and median volume diameter (MVD). Meanwhile, ice shapes are normalized in polar coordinates for direct comparison of morphology, maximum thickness, and coverage range. Key findings are: (1) icing characteristics result from the coupled influence of climatic parameters and airfoil geometry, with strong nonlinear interactions, especially among LWC, velocity, and geometry; (2) the symmetric NACA0012 shows consistently distinct icing patterns compared to NACA4412 and DU96-W − 180, whereas the latter two behave similarly across conditions; and (3) toward the blade root, larger airfoil size reduces the prominence of icing features, with geometric scaling playing a decisive role alongside velocity. Although formulating a unified quantitative model remains difficult, the results enable simplified, engineering-level estimation of icing characteristics within acceptable error margins. These insights provide a reference for designing more broadly applicable anti−/de-icing systems and predictive tools for wind turbine blades in cold/humid-weather operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}