Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献_第2页

Assessing antioxidant responses in C6 and U-87 MG cell lines exposed to high copper levels 评估暴露于高浓度铜的 C6 和 U-87 MG 细胞系的抗氧化反应。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110065

Lara Stoeberl , Madson Silveira de Melo , Letícia Cordeiro Koppe de França , Lorena Aparecida de Souza , Roberta de Cássia Panazzollo , Aline Pertile Remor , Viviane Glaser

Copper excess has been tested as an anticancer therapy, due to its properties to generate oxidative stress resulting in tumoral cell death. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of copper excess on oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in glioma cells, establishing the antioxidant system as a target of copper toxicity in tumoral cells. C6 and U-87 MG cells were exposed to CuSO₄ (0–600 μM) for 24-48 h. SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and CK activities, protein and non-protein thiol levels (PSH and NPSH), and O₂⁻ production were assessed, alongside SOD1, GPx1, and GR gene expression. Results revealed a decrease in GPx, GR, and CAT activity after CuSO₄ exposure in both cell lines over 24-48 h, while SOD activity initially increased, then declined after 48 h. CK activity was also decreased in C6 cells. NPSH and PSH levels dropped after 24 h, and O₂⁻ production was observed in all CuSO₄ concentrations. GR mRNA was reduced in both cell lines, contrasting with increased GPx1 mRNA in C6. U-87 MG cells exhibited higher levels of SOD1 mRNA, while C6 cells displayed lower expression. Our findings suggest that copper excess limits antioxidant enzyme activity and thiol levels, particularly in the C6 cells, likely attributable to oxidative stress or direct copper-enzyme interactions. Moreover, our results imply differences in copper toxicity regarding the cell lineage used, highlighting the importance of analyzing high copper levels effects in different models. Moreover, it could be proposed that the antioxidant system is a target of copper toxicity, contributing to glioma cell death.

铜过量会产生氧化应激，导致肿瘤细胞死亡，因此已被测试为一种抗癌疗法。因此，本研究旨在评估铜过量对胶质瘤细胞氧化应激和抗氧化反应的影响，将抗氧化系统确定为肿瘤细胞铜毒性的靶点。将 C6 和 U-87 MG 细胞暴露于 CuSO4（0-600 μM）24-48 小时。在评估 SOD1、GPx1 和 GR 基因表达的同时，还评估了 SOD、CAT、GPx、GR 和 CK 活性、蛋白质和非蛋白质硫醇水平（PSH 和 NPSH）以及 O2-产生情况。结果显示，在接触 CuSO4 24-48 小时后，两种细胞系的 GPx、GR 和 CAT 活性都有所下降，而 SOD 活性最初有所上升，48 小时后又有所下降。C6 细胞中的 CK 活性也有所下降。24 小时后，NPSH 和 PSH 水平下降，在所有 CuSO4 浓度下都观察到 O2-产生。两种细胞系的 GR mRNA 都减少了，而 C6 细胞的 GPx1 mRNA 则增加了。U-87 MG 细胞的 SOD1 mRNA 水平较高，而 C6 细胞的表达较低。我们的研究结果表明，铜过量限制了抗氧化酶活性和硫醇水平，尤其是在C6细胞中，这可能归因于氧化应激或铜与酶的直接相互作用。此外，我们的研究结果表明，铜的毒性因所使用的细胞系而异，这凸显了在不同模型中分析高浓度铜效应的重要性。此外，可以认为抗氧化系统是铜毒性的一个靶点，导致了胶质瘤细胞的死亡。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of lead on photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant responses, metabolomics, thalli morphology and cell ultrastructure of Iridaea cordata (Rhodophyta) from Antarctica 铅对南极 Iridaea cordata（红藻纲）光合色素、抗氧化反应、代谢组学、叶片形态和细胞超微结构的影响。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110063

Riccardo Trentin , Ilaria Nai , Sophia Schumann , Gianfranco Santovito , Emanuela Moschin , Luísa Custódio , Isabella Moro

Over the past decades, the concern about lead pollution in marine environments has increased due to its remarkable toxicity, even at low concentrations. Lead is one of the significant contaminants arising from human activities in Antarctica. However, its effects on polar photosynthetic organisms are poorly known. This work aims to evaluate the effects of two different environmental concentrations of lead (10 μg/L and 50 μg/L) on pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione–S–transferase), metabolome, thalli morphology and cell ultrastructure of the red seaweed Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). The results highlighted that lead exposure decreased phycocyanin and phycoerythrin content, starting from 10 μg/L, while induced carotenoid accumulation at 50 μg/L. Catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities generally increased after lead exposure and distinct biochemical features were identified in the control and treatment groups. Further lead–related effects on cell ultrastructure comprised floridean starch accumulation and plastoglobuli formation. Overall, our results suggested that the enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species in response to lead altered the photosynthetic pigment pattern, antioxidant defenses, metabolome and ultrastructure of I. cordata.

在过去的几十年里，由于铅即使在低浓度下也具有显著的毒性，人们对海洋环境中铅污染的关注与日俱增。铅是南极洲人类活动产生的重要污染物之一。然而，人们对其对极地光合生物的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在评估两种不同环境浓度的铅（10 μg/L 和 50 μg/L）对 Terra Nova 海湾（南极洲罗斯海）红藻 Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory 的色素含量、抗氧化酶活性（过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶）、代谢组、藻体形态和细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明，从 10 μg/L 开始，铅暴露会降低藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白的含量，而在 50 μg/L 时会诱导类胡萝卜素的积累。铅暴露后，过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性普遍升高，对照组和处理组的生化特征截然不同。铅对细胞超微结构的进一步影响包括花生淀粉积累和质体形成。总之，我们的研究结果表明，活性氧的形成对铅的反应增强，改变了灯心草的光合色素模式、抗氧化防御能力、代谢组和超微结构。

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引用次数: 0

Tire rubber-derived contaminant 6PPD had the potential to induce metabolism disorder in early developmental stage of zebrafish 源自轮胎橡胶的污染物 6PPD 有可能诱发斑马鱼早期发育阶段的代谢紊乱

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110062

Fang Chanlin , Di Shanshan , Wang Caihong , Hu Qinglian , Jin Yuanxiang

The increasing release of tire-derived particles, particularly those containing N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), into the environment has raised concerns regarding their ecological impact. This study aims to elucidate the toxicological effects of 6PPD on the metabolism in early developmental stage of zebrafish. Larval zebrafish were exposed to 10 and 100 μg/L 6PPD, and some endpoints in biochemical parameters, gene expression, and metabolism were analyzed. The results showed that 6PPD exposure disrupted glucolipid metabolism in zebrafish larvae, evidenced by increased triglyceride (TG) levels and decreased glucose content. Nile red staining indicated significant lipid accumulation in the liver and intestines. Additionally, RT-qPCR analysis revealed the upregulation of genes involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism, such as ppar-γ and fas, and downregulation of glycolysis-related genes like pk and gk. Furthermore, the untargeted metabolomics technique was used to identify a total of 220 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) with changes in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the TCA cycle. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis highlighted disruptions mainly in Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Arginine and proline metabolism, and Histidine metabolism, which played very important roles on energy metabolism in zebrafish. The results provided some critical insights into the ecological risks associated with 6PPD.

越来越多的轮胎衍生颗粒，尤其是含有 N-（1,3-二甲基丁基）-N′-苯基-对苯二胺（6PPD）的轮胎衍生颗粒被释放到环境中，引起了人们对其生态影响的关注。本研究旨在阐明 6PPD 对斑马鱼早期发育阶段代谢的毒理影响。将幼体斑马鱼暴露于 10 和 100 μg/L 的 6PPD 中，分析其生化指标、基因表达和新陈代谢的一些终点。结果表明，暴露于 6PPD 会破坏斑马鱼幼体的糖脂代谢，表现为甘油三酯（TG）水平升高和葡萄糖含量降低。尼罗河红染色表明，肝脏和肠道中存在大量脂质积累。此外，RT-qPCR 分析显示，参与脂质合成和代谢的基因（如 ppar-γ 和 fas）上调，而糖酵解相关基因（如 pk 和 gk）下调。此外，利用非靶向代谢组学技术，共鉴定出 220 个差异表达代谢物（DEMs），这些代谢物涉及氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢和 TCA 循环。KEGG 通路富集分析显示，斑马鱼的能量代谢主要受牛磺酸和低牛磺酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢以及组氨酸代谢的干扰，而这些代谢对斑马鱼的能量代谢起着非常重要的作用。研究结果为了解与 6PPD 相关的生态风险提供了一些重要启示。

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引用次数: 0

Probing the interaction mechanisms between three β-lactam antibiotics and penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli by molecular dynamics simulations 通过分子动力学模拟探索三种β-内酰胺类抗生素与大肠杆菌青霉素结合蛋白之间的相互作用机制。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110057

Yuanfan Zhao, Jin Zhang, Yixin Gui, Guangzhen Ji, Xianhuai Huang, Fazhi Xie, Huiyan Shen

The presence of antibiotic residues in the aquatic environments poses great potential risks to the aquatic organisms, and even human health. Elucidating the interaction mechanisms between antibiotics and biomacromolecules is crucial for accurately assessing and preventing their potential risks. Therefore, the toxicity of three beta-lactam antibiotics on Escherichia coli (E. coli) was investigated by using the time-dependent toxicity microplate analysis method in this study. Then, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation technologies were used to elucidate the potential molecular interactions between β-lactam antibiotics and penicillin-binding proteins of E. coli, and their correlation with the physical and chemical behaviors observed in the physiological and biochemical experiments. The results show that three antibiotics exert inhibitory effects on E. coli cells by modifying their membrane permeability, and even more severe cell damage including rupture, wrinkling, adhesion, indentation, elongation and size alterations. But, toxic effect of the three antibiotics on E. coli varies, and toxicity order is followed by meropenem > cefoperazone > amoxicillin. Van der Waals forces play a vital role in the molecular interactions between the three antibiotics penicillin binding protein of E. coli and the sequence of binding free energy is consistent with the observed toxicity order. Shape compensation is the principal determinant for the binding of antibiotics to penicillin binding proteins, which pertains to the drug-induced alteration in the three-dimensional conformation of penicillin binding proteins.

水生环境中存在的抗生素残留物对水生生物甚至人类健康都构成了巨大的潜在风险。阐明抗生素与生物大分子之间的相互作用机制对于准确评估和预防其潜在风险至关重要。因此，本研究采用时间依赖性毒性微孔板分析方法研究了三种β-内酰胺类抗生素对大肠杆菌（E. coli）的毒性。然后，利用分子对接和分子动力学模拟技术阐明了β-内酰胺类抗生素与大肠杆菌青霉素结合蛋白之间潜在的分子相互作用及其与生理生化实验中观察到的理化行为的相关性。结果表明，三种抗生素通过改变大肠杆菌细胞膜的通透性对其产生抑制作用，甚至会造成更严重的细胞损伤，包括破裂、皱缩、粘连、压痕、伸长和大小改变。但是，三种抗生素对大肠杆菌的毒性作用各不相同，毒性顺序依次为美罗培南 > 头孢哌酮 > 阿莫西林。范德华力在大肠杆菌的三种抗生素青霉素结合蛋白之间的分子相互作用中起着重要作用，结合自由能的顺序与观察到的毒性顺序一致。形状补偿是抗生素与青霉素结合蛋白结合的主要决定因素，它与药物引起的青霉素结合蛋白三维构象的改变有关。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of water immersion on immune, intestinal flora and metabolome of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) after air exposure 水浸对中华绒螯蟹暴露于空气后的免疫、肠道菌群和代谢组的影响

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110060

Xiangyi Deng , Zhiqiang Li , Liang Luo , Shihui Wang , Rui Zhang , Kun Guo , Guo Qiao , Yuhong Yang , Zhigang Zhao

Air exposure stress can induce stress response of Eriocheir sinensis and affect its normal life activities. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of water immersion on the recovery of hepatopancreas immune-related enzyme activity, intestinal microbial diversity and metabolic level of Chinese mitten crabs after exposure to air. The results show that immersion can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of air exposure on the antioxidant capacity and immune capacity of Chinese mitten crabs, and the longer the time of immersion, the more obvious the recovery effect. Among them, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase significantly increased after exposure to air (P < 0.05), reached a peak at 3 h, began to decline after immersion, and returned to a level close to the initial value at 24 h (P < 0.05). In addition, after exposure to air, the glucose and total cholesterol in haemolymph of Eriocheir sinensis were significantly different from the initial values (P < 0.05), gradually recovered to the initial level after re-immersion. However, changes in intestinal flora and hepatopancreas metabolism caused by air exposure did not fully recover after water exposure, and its negative effects did not completely disappear. The sequencing results showed that the species composition and diversity of intestinal microorganisms of Chinese mitten crab changed after air exposure and immersion treatment. The relative abundance of Actinomycetes increased significantly, while that of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes decreased significantly. Metabolomics analysis showed that air exposure and immersion destroyed the metabolic balance of amino acids and carnitine, reduced the level of carnitine metabolism, hindered the absorption of nutrients, and led to the accumulation of harmful substances.

空气暴露应激可诱导中华绒螯蟹产生应激反应，影响其正常生命活动。本研究旨在探讨浸水对中华绒螯蟹暴露于空气后肝胰腺免疫相关酶活性、肠道微生物多样性和代谢水平恢复的影响。结果表明，浸泡能有效缓解空气暴露对中华绒螯蟹抗氧化能力和免疫能力的不利影响，且浸泡时间越长，恢复效果越明显。其中，天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶水平在暴露于空气中后明显升高（P

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引用次数: 0

Ferulic acid alleviates cardiac injury by inhibiting avermectin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis 阿魏酸可抑制阿维菌素诱导的氧化应激、炎症和细胞凋亡，从而减轻心脏损伤。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110058

Qiao Wang , Shasha Zhang , Jiahao Ding , Zhiqiang Zhang , Xinxuan Li , Yuxin Chen , Yangye Zhu , Danping Zeng , Jingquan Dong , Yi Liu

Avermectin (AVM) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the macrolide class, extensively employed in fisheries and aquaculture. Nevertheless, its indiscriminate utilisation has resulted in a substantial accumulation of remnants in the aquatic ecosystem, potentially inflicting significant harm to the cardiovascular system of aquatic species. Ferulic acid (FA) is a naturally occurring compound in wheat grain husks. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help reduce cardiovascular damage. Additionally, its affordability makes it an excellent option for aquaculture usage as a feed additive. This article explored the potential of FA as a feed additive to protect against AVM-induced heart damage in carp. We subjected carp to AVM for 30 days and provided them with a diet of 400 mg/kg of FA. FA substantially reduced the pathogenic damage to heart tissue caused by AVM, as shown through hematoxylin-eosin staining. The biochemical analysis revealed that FA markedly enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) while reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Furthermore, qPCR analysis demonstrated a substantial increase in the mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (tgf-β1) and interleukin-10 (il-10) simultaneously, significantly reducing the expression levels of interleukin-10 (il-6), interleukin-1β (il-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) and inductible nitric oxide synthase (inos). Through the mitochondrial apoptotic route, FA reduced AVM-induced cell death in carp heart cells by upregulating bcl-2 while downregulating the mRNA expression levels of bax, fas, caspase8 and caspase9. In summary, FA alleviated cardiac injury by inhibiting AVM-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in carp heart tissue.

阿维菌素（AVM）是一种大环内酯类广谱抗生素，被广泛用于渔业和水产养殖业。然而，对它的滥用导致其残留物在水生生态系统中大量积累，可能对水生物种的心血管系统造成严重危害。阿魏酸（FA）是一种天然存在于小麦谷壳中的化合物。它具有强大的抗炎和抗氧化特性，有助于减少对心血管的损害。此外，FA 价格低廉，是水产养殖中用作饲料添加剂的极佳选择。本文探讨了 FA 作为饲料添加剂保护鲤鱼免受 AVM 引起的心脏损伤的潜力。我们对鲤鱼进行了为期 30 天的反车辆地雷实验，并为其提供了每公斤含 400 毫克 FA 的饲料。苏木精-伊红染色显示，FA 能显著降低 AVM 对心脏组织造成的致病性损伤。生化分析表明，FA 显著提高了抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）的活性，同时降低了丙二醛（MDA）的含量。此外，qPCR 分析表明，转化生长因子-β1（tgf-β1）和白细胞介素-10（il-10）的 mRNA 水平同时大幅提高，白细胞介素-10（il-6）、白细胞介素-1β（il-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tnf-α）和可诱导一氧化氮合酶（inos）的表达水平显著降低。通过线粒体凋亡途径，FA 上调了 bcl-2 的表达，同时下调了 bax、fas、caspase8 和 caspase9 的 mRNA 表达水平，从而减少了 AVM 诱导的鲤鱼心脏细胞死亡。总之，FA 通过抑制 AVM 诱导的鲤鱼心脏组织氧化应激、炎症反应和细胞凋亡，减轻了心脏损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Quercetin, the new stress buster: Investigating the transcriptional and behavioral effects of this flavonoid on multiple stressors using Lymnaea stagnalis 槲皮素，新的压力克星：利用滞育鳗研究这种类黄酮对多种压力的转录和行为影响。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110053

Veronica Rivi , Anuradha Batabyal , Cristina Benatti , Fabio Tascedda , Johanna Maria Catharina Blom , Ken Lukowiak

Growing evidence suggests that a flavonoid-rich diet can prevent or reverse the effects of stressors, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. One common and abundant flavonoid found in numerous foods is quercetin. This study utilizes the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a valid model organism for learning and memory, and a simple but robust learning paradigm—operant conditioning of aerial respiration—to explore the behavioral and transcriptional effects of different stressors on snails' cognitive functions and to investigate whether quercetin exposure can prevent stress effects on learning and memory formation. Our findings demonstrate that three different stressors—severe food deprivation, lipopolysaccharide injection (an inflammatory challenge), and fluoride exposure (a neurotoxic agent)—block memory formation for operant conditioning and affect the expression levels of key targets related to stress response, energy balance, and immune response in the snails' central ring ganglia. Remarkably, exposing snails to quercetin for 1 h before stress presentation prevents these effects at both the behavioral and transcriptional levels, demonstrating the potent stress-preventive properties of quercetin. Despite the evolutionary distance from humans, L. stagnalis has proven to be a valuable model for studying conserved mechanisms by which bioactive compounds like quercetin mitigate the adverse effects of various stressors on cognitive functions across species. Moreover, these findings offer insights into quercetin's potential for mitigating stress-induced physiological and cognitive impairments.

越来越多的证据表明，富含类黄酮的饮食可以预防或逆转压力因素的影响，尽管人们对其基本机制仍知之甚少。槲皮素是众多食物中常见且含量丰富的类黄酮。本研究利用池塘蜗牛（Lymnaea stagnalis）这一有效的学习和记忆模型生物，以及一个简单但强大的学习范式--空中呼吸操作条件--来探讨不同应激源对蜗牛认知功能的行为和转录影响，并研究暴露于槲皮素是否能预防应激源对学习和记忆形成的影响。我们的研究结果表明，三种不同的应激源--严重的食物剥夺、脂多糖注射（一种炎症挑战）和氟化物暴露（一种神经毒剂）--会阻碍操作性条件反射记忆的形成，并影响蜗牛中央环神经节中与应激反应、能量平衡和免疫反应相关的关键靶点的表达水平。值得注意的是，在蜗牛出现应激反应之前让其接触槲皮素1小时，可以在行为和转录水平上防止这些影响，这证明了槲皮素具有强大的应激预防特性。尽管与人类在进化过程中相距甚远，但事实证明，滞游蟾蜍是研究槲皮素等生物活性化合物减轻各种应激因素对不同物种认知功能的不利影响的保守机制的宝贵模型。此外，这些发现还让人们了解到槲皮素在减轻压力引起的生理和认知障碍方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Does temperature influence on biomarker responses to copper exposure? The invasive bivalve Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857) as a model 温度是否会影响生物标志物对铜暴露的反应？以入侵双壳类动物 Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857) 为模型。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110059

Jimena Cazenave , Andrea S. Rossi , Analía Ale , Luciana Montalto , María F. Gutierrez , Florencia Rojas Molina

Biomarkers are useful tools for assessing the early warning effects of pollutants. However, their responses can be influenced by confounding factors. In this study, we investigated the influence of temperature on multiple biomarkers in the invasive freshwater bivalve Limnoperna fortunei exposed to copper (Cu). The mussels were exposed to low and high environmental Cu concentrations at two temperatures (15 °C and 25 °C). After 96 h, the oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and metabolic parameters were assessed. Our results showed that temperature is a key factor influencing biomarker responses in mussels, with higher glutathione S-transferase activity and lower energy reserves at cold temperature. In addition, the effects of Cu were greater at the highest concentration at 15 °C (increased lipid peroxidation and cholinesterase activity). Overall, these findings suggest that cold stress increases the susceptibility of L. fortunei to metal effects and highlight the importance of including temperature in toxicity testing and biomonitoring. In addition, using the invasive bivalve L. fortunei as a model could prove valuable in its role as a sentinel species for other organisms.

生物标志物是评估污染物预警效应的有用工具。然而，它们的反应可能会受到干扰因素的影响。在这项研究中，我们调查了温度对接触铜（Cu）的入侵淡水双壳贝类 Limnoperna fortunei 的多种生物标志物的影响。在两种温度（15 °C和25 °C）下，贻贝分别暴露于低浓度和高浓度的铜环境中。96 小时后，对氧化应激、神经毒性和代谢参数进行了评估。我们的结果表明，温度是影响贻贝生物标志物反应的关键因素，在低温条件下，谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶活性较高，能量储备较低。此外，在 15 °C 的最高浓度下，铜的影响更大（脂质过氧化和胆碱酯酶活性增加）。总之，这些研究结果表明，低温胁迫会增加 L. fortunei 对金属效应的敏感性，并强调了将温度纳入毒性测试和生物监测的重要性。此外，以入侵双壳类动物 L. fortunei 为模型，可以证明其作为其他生物的哨兵物种的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Ecotoxicity of bioinsecticide spinosad to soil organisms: Commercial formulation versus active ingredient 生物杀虫剂 spinosad 对土壤生物的生态毒性：商业配方与活性成分

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110056

Alexandre Moreira , Verónica Nogueira , Sirine Bouguerra , Sara C. Antunes , Sara Rodrigues

Spintor® (SPIT®) is a commercial formulation of a bioinsecticide with the active ingredient Spinosad (SPIN). Despite the efforts of regulatory agencies, there still is a lack of information regarding short- and long-term exposures to soil-dwellers, as well as effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of SPIT® and SPIN, on the oligochaete Eisenia fetida, and the arthropod Folsomia candida. For this, natural soil was spiked with environmentally relevant concentrations (0.00–1.49 mg of the active ingredient·kg⁻¹ of dry soil) to assess avoidance behaviour in E. fetida and reproduction effects on both species. Further, in E. fetida adults exposed for 2- and 28-day biomarkers of oxidative stress, energetic reserves, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated. A significant reduction in juvenile production for F. candida was observed for SPIT® at ≥0.66 mg kg⁻¹ and SPIN at ≥0.13 mg kg⁻¹, and although no effect was observed on E. fetida reproduction, the oligochaeta revealed a tendency to avoid soil spiked with SPIT® at 0.44, 0.66 and 1.49 mg kg⁻¹. The sub-individual responses of E. fetida demonstrate genotoxicity upon exposure to SPIT® and SPIN for 2 days. The 2-day exposures of SPIT® and SPIN seem to induce defence mechanisms, and in general, SPIN exerted higher effects than SPIT® on the oligochaetes. Overall, the pro-oxidant performance and energy metabolism pathways were disrupted in both exposures to SPIT® and SPIN. The results suggest that spinosyns-based products can have an impact on soil arthropods F. candida and oligochaete's health, possibly affecting their essential functions in terrestrial ecosystems.

Spintor® (SPIT®) 是一种生物杀虫剂的商业制剂，其活性成分为 Spinosad (SPIN)。尽管监管机构做出了努力，但仍缺乏有关土壤生物短期和长期暴露以及环境相关浓度影响的信息。这项工作旨在评估 SPIT® 和 SPIN 对寡毛目动物 Eisenia fetida 和节肢动物 Folsomia candida 的影响。为此，在天然土壤中添加了与环境相关的浓度（0.00-1.49 毫克活性成分-千克-1 干土），以评估E. fetida 的回避行为以及对这两种生物的繁殖影响。此外，还对暴露 2 天和 28 天的成虫的氧化应激、能量储备、神经毒性和遗传毒性生物标志物进行了评估。在 SPIT® 浓度≥0.66 毫克/千克-1 和 SPIN 浓度≥0.13 毫克/千克-1 时，观察到念珠藻的幼虫产量明显减少；虽然未观察到对 E. fetida 的繁殖有影响，但寡毛目动物显示出一种避开添加了 SPIT® 的 0.44、0.66 和 1.49 毫克/千克-1 的土壤的趋势。在暴露于 SPIT® 和 SPIN 2 天后，E. fetida 的亚个体反应显示出遗传毒性。暴露于 SPIT® 和 SPIN 2 天似乎会诱发防御机制，一般来说，SPIN 对寡毛目动物的影响高于 SPIT®。总体而言，在暴露于 SPIT® 和 SPIN 的情况下，促氧化性能和能量代谢途径均受到破坏。研究结果表明，含刺霉素的产品会影响土壤节肢动物念珠菌和寡毛类的健康，可能会影响它们在陆地生态系统中的基本功能。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of microplastics exposure on quail's hypothalamus: Neurotransmission disturbance, cytokine imbalance and ROS/TGF-β/Akt/FoxO3a signaling disruption 微塑料暴露对鹌鹑下丘脑的影响：神经传递紊乱、细胞因子失衡和ROS/TGF-β/Akt/FoxO3a信号转导破坏。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110054

Qingyu Zhang , Siyuan Zheng , Xiaoqing Pei , Yuxin Zhang , Gang Wang , Hongfeng Zhao

Microplastics (MPs) have become a major focus of environmental toxicology, raising concerns about their potential adverse effects on animal organs and body systems. As these tiny particles infiltrate ecosystems, they may pose risks to the health of organisms across diverse species. In this study, we attempted to examine the neurotoxic effects of MPs exposure on avian hypothalamus by using an animal model-Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The quails of 7-day-old were exposed to 0.02 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg polystyrene microplastic (PS-MPs) of environmental relevance for 35 days. The results showed PS-MPs exposure did damages to hypothalamic structure characterized by neuron malformation, irregular arrangement and cellular vacuolation after 5-week exposure. PS-MPs exposure also induced Nissl body reduction and dissolution in the hypothalamus. Moreover, the decrease of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and increasing acetylcholine (Ach) indicated that PS-MPs exposure caused hypothalamic neurotransmission disturbance. PS-MPs exposure also led to neuroinflammation by disrupting the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation with reducing antioxidants indicated PS-MPs led to hypothalamic oxidative stress. Additionally, RNA-Seq analysis found that both transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling were disturbed in the hypothalamus by PS-MPs exposure. Especially, the increasing ROS led to TGF-β activation and then induced hypothalamic inflammation by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. The present study concluded that oxidative stress might be an important mechanistic signaling involved in MPs neurotoxicology.

微塑料（MPs）已成为环境毒理学的一大焦点，引起了人们对其对动物器官和身体系统的潜在不利影响的关注。随着这些微小颗粒渗入生态系统，它们可能会对不同物种的生物体健康造成危害。在这项研究中，我们试图利用一种动物模型--日本鹌鹑（Coturnix japonica）来研究暴露于 MPs 对鸟类下丘脑的神经毒性影响。7 日龄的鹌鹑分别暴露于 0.02 毫克/千克、0.4 毫克/千克和 8 毫克/千克与环境相关的聚苯乙烯微塑料（PS-MPs）中 35 天。结果表明，接触 PS-MPs 5 周后，下丘脑结构受损，表现为神经元畸形、排列不规则和细胞空泡化。接触 PS-MPs 还导致下丘脑中的 Nissl 体减少和溶解。此外，乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）活性的降低和乙酰胆碱（Ach）的增加表明，接触 PS-MPs 会导致下丘脑神经传递紊乱。接触 PS-MPs 还会破坏促炎和抗炎细胞因子之间的平衡，从而导致神经炎症。此外，活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）生成量的增加以及抗氧化剂的减少表明，PS-MPs 会导致下丘脑氧化应激。此外，RNA-Seq 分析发现，下丘脑中的转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）信号传导和叉头框 O（FoxO）信号传导都受到了 PS-MPs 暴露的干扰。特别是，ROS 的增加导致 TGF-β 激活，然后通过核因子κB（NF-κB）激活诱发下丘脑炎症。本研究认为，氧化应激可能是参与 MPs 神经毒理学的一个重要机制信号。

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引用次数: 0