Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献_第2页

Rare earth element erbium induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish 稀土元素铒诱导斑马鱼肝毒性。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110476

Xinhao Ye , Mijia Li , Hao Wang , Shuhui Liu , Shimei Xiao , Wei Yuan , Yan Zhao , Keyuan Zhong

Rare earth elements (REEs) are collectively referred to as scandium, yttrium and 15 lanthanide metals in the periodic table. Due to their unique photoelectric and magnetic properties, they are widely used in permanent magnets, new energy and cutting-edge defense technologies. However, large-scale mining and utilization of REEs have led to a significant increase in their concentration in the environment. In the environment, these REEs are regarded as emerging contaminants (ECs). Erbium (Er), a rare earth element of the lanthanide series, is widely used in ceramics, optical fibers, and the nuclear industry. Currently, research on the ecotoxicity of erbium is limited, and its target organs of action remain unclear. In this study, zebrafish were used as experimental animals, and acute exposure experiments were conducted by exposing 72 hpf zebrafish larvae to different concentrations of erbium chloride solution to explore the ecotoxicity of erbium. The main research results are as follows: (1) Exposure to erbium causes abnormal liver development in zebrafish larvae and the liver area of the erbium-exposed group was smaller than that of the control group. (2) Erbium affects liver lipid metabolism, leading to lipid accumulation in the liver of zebrafish larvae, and increasing the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). (3) Exposure to erbium leads to an increase in ROS levels in the liver, and the upregulated expression of the sod1 and sod2 genes. (4) The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway inhibitor resveratrol can effectively alleviate liver lipid accumulation, reduce oxidative stress in the liver and alleviate the liver damage induced by erbium. This study discovered that erbium causes abnormal liver function in zebrafish larvae, suggesting that it might cause liver damage in zebrafish through the ROS-mediated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of rare earth elements on the ecosystem and provide a scientific basis for related environmental protection policies.

稀土元素（ree）在元素周期表中统称为钪、钇和15种镧系金属。由于其独特的光电和磁性能，被广泛应用于永磁体、新能源和尖端国防技术中。然而，稀土的大规模开采和利用导致其在环境中的浓度显著增加。在环境中，这些稀土元素被视为新兴污染物（ECs）。铒（Er）是镧系元素中的稀土元素，广泛用于陶瓷、光纤和核工业。目前，对铒的生态毒性研究有限，其作用的靶器官也不清楚。本研究以斑马鱼为实验动物，将72只受精后 h的斑马鱼幼体暴露于不同浓度的氯化铒溶液中，进行急性暴露实验，探讨铒的生态毒性。主要研究结果如下：(1)接触铒引起斑马鱼幼鱼肝脏发育异常，接触铒组肝脏面积小于对照组。(2)铒影响肝脏脂质代谢，导致斑马鱼幼鱼肝脏脂质积累，增加了斑马鱼幼鱼肝脏中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）的含量。(3)暴露于铒可导致肝脏ROS水平升高，sod1和sod2基因表达上调。(4) Keap1/Nrf2通路抑制剂白藜芦醇能有效缓解肝脏脂质积累，降低肝脏氧化应激，减轻铒对肝脏的损害。本研究发现，铒可引起斑马鱼幼体肝功能异常，提示其可能通过ros介导的Keap1/Nrf2通路引起斑马鱼肝脏损伤。这些发现有助于更全面地认识稀土元素对生态系统的影响，并为相关的环境保护政策提供科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Evidence for potential critical windows of immune development in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) 海洋medaka （Oryzias melastigma）免疫发育潜在关键窗口的证据。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110459

Elizabeth DiBona , Yuan Lu , Justin Elliot , Remi Labeille , Hussain Abdulla , Frauke Seemann

The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis suggests that environmental exposures during early immune development may trigger long-term immune pathologies. However, the timing of sensitive developmental windows in the innate immune system of vertebrates remains poorly defined. Here, we propose the marine medaka fish (Oryzias melastigma) as a model organism to define a molecular timeline for innate immune system maturation. To identify critical windows of immune development, we assessed both organismal resistance to bacterial infection and molecular markers of immune gene expression across developmental stages. Immune competence evaluation in embryos and larvae revealed distinct windows of vulnerability to bacterial challenge, suggesting dynamic immune regulation. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), a potent synthetic estrogen is known to affect both reproductive and immune function. Embryos and larvae were exposed to EE2 during three key periods (7–11 days post fertilization (dpf), 3–5 days post hatching (dph), and 12–19 dph) and subsequently challenged with a bacterial pathogen. EE2 exposure during the embryonic (7–11 dpf) and later larval (12–19 dph) periods significantly reduced pathogen resistance in a non-monotonic dose response manner, altered the expression of immune-related genes involved in protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis and modified energy and amino acid metabolism. Altogether, this study underscores the importance of identifying sensitive periods in immune development when evaluating environmental risks and support the use of marine medaka as a relevant model for developmental immunotoxicity.

健康和疾病的发育起源假说表明，早期免疫发育期间的环境暴露可能引发长期的免疫病理。然而，脊椎动物先天免疫系统中敏感发育窗口的时间仍然不清楚。在这里，我们提出海洋medaka鱼（Oryzias melastigma）作为模式生物来定义先天免疫系统成熟的分子时间线。为了确定免疫发育的关键窗口，我们评估了不同发育阶段对细菌感染的机体抗性和免疫基因表达的分子标记。胚胎和幼虫的免疫能力评估显示出不同的细菌攻击脆弱性窗口，提示动态免疫调节。17α-炔雌醇（EE2）是一种强效的合成雌激素，已知可影响生殖和免疫功能。胚胎和幼虫在3个关键时期（受精后7-11 天（dpf）、孵化后3-5 天（dph）和12-19 dph）暴露于EE2，然后用细菌病原体攻毒。在胚胎期（7-11 dpf）和幼虫后期（12-19 dph）暴露EE2以非单调剂量反应方式显著降低了病原体抗性，改变了参与蛋白质合成和核糖体生物发生的免疫相关基因的表达，并改变了能量和氨基酸代谢。总之，这项研究强调了在评估环境风险时确定免疫发育敏感期的重要性，并支持将海洋medaka作为发育免疫毒性的相关模型。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature-dependent enhancement of methylmercury toxicity in the water flea Daphnia magna: Linking physiological and molecular stress responses 水蚤甲基汞毒性的温度依赖性增强：连接生理和分子应激反应。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110464

Haksoo Jeong , Jin-Sol Lee , Mi-Song Hong , Yuri Jin , Piotr Maszczyk , Menghong Hu , Youji Wang , Minghua Wang , Jae-Seong Lee

Global warming alters the toxicity and bioavailability of environmental pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Methylmercury (MeHg), a highly toxic form of mercury, poses significant risks, yet its interaction with temperature remains understudied. Thus, this study aims to understand how elevated temperature affects the physiological and molecular toxicity of MeHg exposure in aquatic invertebrates. We investigated the combined effects of elevated temperature (23 and 28 °C) and MeHg (10 and 50 ng/L) on the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna. Acute toxicity was significantly enhanced at 28 °C. Chronic exposure reduced survival, reproduction, and growth, particularly under combined elevated temperature and MeHg conditions. While mercury accumulation increased with MeHg concentration, temperature did not influence internal Hg levels. Biochemical analyses showed that elevated temperature reduced ROS levels but increased antioxidant enzyme activity, whereas antioxidant gene expression was suppressed. MeHg exposure inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, with greater inhibition observed under combined exposure. Detoxification responses were temperature-specific. Glutathione-mediated system was activated at 28 °C. ABCC activity increased with temperature and MeHg, whereas ABCB activity was suppressed at 28 °C, but partially recovered with MeHg. These findings demonstrate that elevated temperature amplifies MeHg toxicity through physiological and molecular disruptions and emphasize the value of considering temperature–pollutant interactions in ecological risk assessments under climate change scenarios.

全球变暖改变了水生生态系统中环境污染物的毒性和生物利用度。甲基汞（MeHg）是一种剧毒形式的汞，具有重大风险，但其与温度的相互作用仍未得到充分研究。因此，本研究旨在了解温度升高如何影响水生无脊椎动物MeHg暴露的生理和分子毒性。研究了高温（23和28 ℃）和甲基汞（10和50 ng/L）对淡水无脊椎动物大水蚤（Daphnia magna）的联合影响。在28 °C时，急性毒性显著增强。长期暴露会降低存活、繁殖和生长，特别是在高温和甲基汞联合条件下。汞积累随甲基汞浓度的增加而增加，但温度对体内汞含量没有影响。生化分析表明，温度升高降低了ROS水平，但增加了抗氧化酶活性，而抗氧化基因表达受到抑制。甲基汞暴露抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性，在联合暴露下观察到更大的抑制作用。解毒反应是温度特异性的。谷胱甘肽介导的系统在28 °C时被激活。ABCC活性随温度和MeHg升高而升高，而ABCB活性在28 °C时受到抑制，但在MeHg作用下部分恢复。这些研究结果表明，温度升高通过生理和分子破坏放大了甲基汞的毒性，并强调了在气候变化情景下考虑温度-污染物相互作用在生态风险评估中的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating risk of tire wear particles in Daphnia pulex: In silico approaches 减轻水蚤轮胎磨损颗粒的风险：计算机方法

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110465

Xixi Li , Yuan Niu , Zuning Zhang

Tire wear particles (TWPs), commonly detected emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, have recently attracted global attention. Therefore, the toxicity and potential mitigation of TWPs in the experimental model species Daphnia pulex (D. pulex) were evaluated using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation methods. The binding energy of styrene-butadiene rubber, along with tire additives (i.e., antioxidants, flame retardants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers and lubricants) and arginine kinase protein was used as an indicator of ecological risk of TWPs on D. pulex. Ninety-six proportioning schemes for styrene-butadiene rubber tire microplastics were generated, and Formulation No. 38 was identified as the one with the minimum ecological risk, corresponding to a binding energy value of −46.486 kJ/mol. Based on a full factorial design, the third-order interaction effect was determined to account for the most substantial proportion, relative to both the main effects and second-order interaction effects. Consequently, the competitive or synergistic effects governing the molecular docking of tire additives cannot be neglected in subsequent analyses. Furthermore, the applicability of the developed tire proportioning schemes was validated using the jumping frequency of D. pulex—a key ecotoxicological endpoint. This finding indicates that the tire formulations screened in the present study exhibit a certain degree of representativeness for mitigating risks to the aquatic ecological environment. This is a novel ecological risk evaluation method that can be effectively used to reduce the ecological risk of tire additives in aquatic environments.

轮胎磨损颗粒（TWPs）是水生环境中常见的新兴污染物，近年来引起了全球的关注。因此，采用分子对接和分子动力学模拟的方法，对实验模型物种水蚤（Daphnia pulex）的毒性和潜在的缓解作用进行了评估。以丁苯橡胶与轮胎添加剂（抗氧剂、阻燃剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂和润滑剂）和精氨酸激酶蛋白的结合能作为TWPs对轮胎生态风险的指标。共得到96种丁苯橡胶轮胎微塑料配合比方案，优选出生态风险最小的配方38，其结合能值为−46.486 kJ/mol。基于全因子设计，相对于主效应和二阶相互作用效应，确定了三阶相互作用效应占最大比例。因此，在随后的分析中，控制轮胎添加剂分子对接的竞争或协同效应不能被忽视。此外，还利用关键生态毒理学指标环虫跳频验证了所开发的轮胎比例方案的适用性。这表明本研究筛选的轮胎配方在减轻水生生态环境风险方面具有一定的代表性。这是一种新颖的生态风险评价方法，可有效降低轮胎添加剂在水生环境中的生态风险。

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引用次数: 0

Lupiwighteone exerts anti-aging effects by suppressing NF-κB and activating the MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway lupiwhighteone通过抑制NF-κB和激活MAPKs/Nrf2信号通路发挥抗衰老作用

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110458

Kun Hu , Ge Ge , Bingjian Wu , Jia Yang , Jie Ren , Lirong Zhang

Lupiwighteone (Lup), a natural isoflavonoid, phytochemical, exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties; however, its impacts on inflammation, oxidative stress, and aging processes remain insufficiently characterized. The present study systematically investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of Lup using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), aiming to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms and biological significance. The study employed cell culture, animal experiments, and molecular biology techniques, combined with molecular docking, to evaluate Lup's modulatory effects on NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades and the Nrf2 pathway. Our results indicated that Lup treatment significantly extended lifespan, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and slowed age-related physiological decline in the C. elegans model. Mechanistically, we found that Lup activated the MAPKs/Nrf2 pathway, enhanced antioxidant stress responses, and reduced oxidative damage, thereby delaying the aging process. Additionally, Lup treatment significantly suppressed the production and secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide, while inhibiting NF-κB signaling activation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This inhibition was mediated by impeding IκBα degradation, thereby preventing NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Lup exerts significant anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities through the dual regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. These results not only strengthen the theoretical basis of plant-derived medicines in anti-inflammation and anti-aging but also provide new insights and practical guidance for the future development of natural pharmaceuticals.

lupiwhighteone （Lup）是一种天然的异黄酮类化合物，具有潜在的抗炎特性；然而，其对炎症、氧化应激和衰老过程的影响尚未得到充分的研究。本研究利用脂多糖（LPS）刺激的RAW264.7巨噬细胞和秀丽隐杆线虫（C. elegans），系统研究了Lup的抗炎和抗衰老作用，旨在阐明其潜在的分子机制和生物学意义。本研究采用细胞培养、动物实验和分子生物学技术，结合分子对接，评估Lup对NF-κB和MAPK信号级联以及Nrf2通路的调节作用。我们的研究结果表明，Lup治疗显著延长了秀丽隐杆线虫模型的寿命，降低了活性氧（ROS）水平，减缓了与年龄相关的生理衰退。在机制上，我们发现Lup激活了MAPKs/Nrf2通路，增强了抗氧化应激反应，减少了氧化损伤，从而延缓了衰老过程。此外，Lup处理显著抑制关键促炎介质的产生和分泌，包括TNF-α、IL-6和一氧化氮，同时抑制lps刺激的RAW264.7细胞中NF-κB信号的激活。这种抑制是通过阻碍i -κB α降解介导的，从而阻止NF-κB易位到细胞核。综上所述，这些发现表明，Lup通过对氧化应激和炎症的双重调节，具有显著的抗衰老、抗炎和抗氧化活性。这些结果不仅强化了植物源性药物抗炎抗衰老的理论基础，也为未来天然药物的开发提供了新的见解和实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Rab10 GTPase from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain is involved in the host immune response against V. parahaemolyticus infection 来自泥蟹Scylla paramamosain的Rab10 GTPase参与宿主对副溶血性弧菌感染的免疫反应。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110463

Chang-Hong Cheng , Hai-Peng Qin , Si-Gang Fan , Hong-Ling Ma , Guang-Xin Liu , Dong-Lin Yao , Wen-Fan Luo , Xian-Feng Yang , Zhi-Xun Guo

Rab GTPases are pivotal regulators of organelle trafficking and host immune responses, which are critical for bacterial defense. However, little is known of the function of Rab in crustacean responses to bacterial infection. In this study, a Rab10 gene (Sp-Rab10) was identified from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The full open reading frame of consisted of 612 bp, encoding a 203-amino acid polypeptide that shared 98% sequence identity with Portunus trituberculatus Rab10. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that Sp-Rab10 exhibited broad tissue distribution, with the highest expression detected in the hepatopancreas. Notably, Sp-Rab10 expression was markedly up-regulated following V. parahaemolyticus infection, implying its potential involvement in the innate immune response against bacterial challenge. To explore the regulatory mechanism of Sp-Rab10, an RNA interference (RNAi) experiment was conducted. Silencing of Sp-Rab10 resulted in significant down regulation of 3 phagocytosis-related genes (c-type lysozyme, crustin and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor). Additionally, in vivo knockdown of Sp-Rab10 increased bacterial load in the hemolymph and mortality of mud crabs after V. parahaemolyticus infection. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Sp-Rab10 played a critical role in antimicrobial defense in crustaceans.

Rab gtpase是细胞器运输和宿主免疫反应的关键调节因子，对细菌防御至关重要。然而，rabb在甲壳类动物对细菌感染的反应中所起的作用知之甚少。本研究从泥蟹Scylla paramamosain中鉴定出一个Rab10基因（Sp-Rab10）。完整的开放阅读框全长612 bp，编码203个氨基酸的多肽，该多肽与Portunus trituberculatus Rab10序列同源性达98%。实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）分析显示，Sp-Rab10具有广泛的组织分布，在肝胰腺中表达量最高。值得注意的是，Sp-Rab10的表达在副溶血性弧菌感染后显著上调，暗示其可能参与对抗细菌攻击的先天免疫反应。为了探究Sp-Rab10的调控机制，我们进行了RNA干扰（RNAi）实验。Sp-Rab10的沉默导致3个吞噬相关基因（c型溶菌酶、硬壳蛋白和抗脂多糖因子）的显著下调。此外，在体内敲低Sp-Rab10可增加副溶血性弧菌感染后泥蟹的血淋巴细菌载量和死亡率。总之，这些发现表明Sp-Rab10在甲壳类动物的抗菌防御中起着关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

The silent saboteurs: How ultraviolet (UV)-aged polystyrene nanoplastics disrupt the regenerative capacity of goldfish (Carassius auratus) caudal fins 沉默的破坏者：紫外线（UV）老化的聚苯乙烯纳米塑料如何破坏金鱼（Carassius auratus）尾鳍的再生能力。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110462

Deshan Chen , Tian Wang , Lei Han , Hongwei Wang , Mohammad Mehdi Ommati , Ping Sun

Nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging as significant environmental hazards, especially in aquatic ecosystems, where they predominantly exist in aged forms due to weathering processes. Fish, known for their remarkable ability to regenerate injured caudal fins through intricate biological mechanisms, serve as an ideal model for studying sublethal effects of environmental pollutants. This study investigates the toxic impacts of aged polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on caudal fin regeneration in goldfish, focusing on molecular, cellular, and physiological responses. Goldfish were exposed to UV-aged PS-NPs (50 nm) at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L, and regeneration was monitored at 7-, 14-, and 35 days post-amputation (dpa). Results demonstrated that caudal fin regeneration was significantly impaired in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Under exposure to a low concentration (10 μg/L) of aged PS-NPs, goldfish showed an adaptive antioxidant response. Exposure to medium-high concentrations (100–1000 μg/L) led to abnormal ROS activity, disordered apoptosis, and abnormal transcription of core genes in oxidative stress (gpx, sod), immune-inflammation (mpeg1, il-1β, tnf-α), and regeneration pathways (fgf20a, runx2a). This ultimately led to a significant inhibition of caudal fin regeneration at 35 dpa. This study indicates that UV-aged PS-NPs can inhibit the regeneration of goldfish tail fins by disrupting the coordinated function of the oxidative stress-immune-apoptosis-regeneration pathway. The study highlights the risks posed by aged NPs in aquatic environments, emphasizing their potential to impair critical tissue regeneration processes in fish, with broader implications for ecosystem health and resilience.

纳米塑料（NPs）正在成为严重的环境危害，特别是在水生生态系统中，由于风化过程，它们主要以老化形式存在。鱼类以其通过复杂的生物机制再生受伤尾鳍的非凡能力而闻名，是研究环境污染物亚致死效应的理想模型。本研究探讨了老化聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PS-NPs）对金鱼尾鳍再生的毒性影响，重点研究了分子、细胞和生理反应。将金鱼暴露于浓度为0、10、100和1000 μg/L的uv老化PS-NPs（50 nm）中，并在截肢后7、14和35 天（dpa）监测再生情况。结果表明，尾鳍再生明显受损，且具有浓度和时间依赖性。在低浓度（10 μg/L）老化PS-NPs下，金鱼表现出适应性抗氧化反应。中高浓度（100-1000 μg/L）暴露导致ROS活性异常，细胞凋亡紊乱，氧化应激（gpx、sod）、免疫炎症（mpeg1、il-1β、tnf-α）和再生途径（fgf20a、runx2a）核心基因转录异常。这最终导致35 dpa时尾鳍再生的显著抑制。本研究表明，uv老化的PS-NPs可以通过破坏氧化应激-免疫-凋亡-再生途径的协调功能来抑制金鱼尾鳍的再生。该研究强调了水生环境中老化NPs带来的风险，强调了它们可能损害鱼类关键组织再生过程，对生态系统健康和恢复力具有更广泛的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolomic insights into gut–brain axis dysregulation under unpredictable chronic stress in zebrafish 斑马鱼在不可预测的慢性应激下肠-脑轴失调的代谢组学见解。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110457

Zhang Yizhu , Zaynab Mando , Zenab Aldurrah , Roziana Mohamed Hanaphi , Ahmad Syahir Abd Halim Hapiz , Muhammad Ariff Azmi , Adriana Sofia Abdul Latip , Sarah Idris , Azira Muhamad , Fauziahanim Zakaria

Growing evidence indicates that depression is closely associated with disturbances in the gut-brain axis. Although rodent models are currently widely utilised in depression pathophysiology research, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a valuable and promising alternative model species. This study examined changes in neuroendocrine and neurochemical markers associated with behavioural modifications in a zebrafish model of unpredictable chronic stress (UCS). Following a 14-day UCS procedure, the open-field test (OFT), social interaction test (SIT), and light-dark test (LDT) were conducted. Whole-body cortisol and IL-1β levels, along with metabolomics analysis of brain and intestinal tissues, were performed for neuroendocrine and neurochemical assessment. Depression-like behaviours such as increased immobility time (P = 0.0009) and impaired social interaction (P = 0.0306) were observed, alongside elevated levels of cortisol (P < 0.0001) and IL-1β (P = 0.0255). NMR-based metabolomics analysis revealed alterations in valine, alanine, glutamate, and choline in both brain and intestinal tissues in UCS zebrafish, indicating disruption of amino acid metabolism, highlighting the involvement of bidirectional gut-brain axis communication. The glycine, serine, and threonine pathways were most significantly perturbed in UCS zebrafish, suggesting compromised redox homeostasis leads to neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of depression-related chronic stress related to the gut-brain axis. This study demonstrates that zebrafish is a valuable alternative vertebrate model for exploring the systemic impacts of unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) on the gut-brain axis.

越来越多的证据表明，抑郁症与肠脑轴的紊乱密切相关。虽然啮齿类动物模型目前被广泛应用于抑郁症病理生理研究，但斑马鱼（Danio rerio）已成为一种有价值和有前途的替代模型物种。本研究在不可预测的慢性应激（UCS）斑马鱼模型中检测了与行为改变相关的神经内分泌和神经化学标志物的变化。经过14天的UCS程序，进行了开放场测试（OFT）、社会互动测试（SIT）和光暗测试（LDT）。全身皮质醇和IL-1β水平，以及大脑和肠道组织的代谢组学分析，用于神经内分泌和神经化学评估。观察到抑郁样行为，如不活动时间增加（P = 0.0009）和社交互动受损（P = 0.0306），同时皮质醇水平升高(P

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引用次数: 0

Toxicity and transcriptome sequencing analyses of Daphnia magna under multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) stress 多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）胁迫下大水蚤的毒性和转录组测序分析。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110460

Jiaqi Shen , Zhenyang Zhang , Xudong Zheng , Pinpin Lv , Yong Huang , Xiaochan Gao

Due to the rapid development of the power battery industry, the potential pollution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has drawn great attention in recent years. In this study, the toxicity of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) on antioxidant capacity, digestive capacity, and transcriptome in Daphnia magna, which is a model organism of plankton, was conducted. D. magna individuals were exposed to different concentrations (0, 0.53 mg/L, and 5.3 mg/L) of MWCNTs for 48 h. The results showed that 5.3 mg/L MWCNTs induced obvious oxidative stress reflected by significantly increased malondialdehyde content, and significantly decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. There were marked reductions in digestive enzyme activities, including lipase activity, trypsin activity, and amylase activity, in the 5.3 mg/L-exposed group relative to those in the control group. KEGG function annotation analysis showed that MWCNTs at both concentrations disturbed two pathways, including metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and the fatty acid elongation signaling pathway. However, the protein digestion and absorption pathway was disturbed in the 5.3 mg/L MWCNTs-exposed group but not in the 0.53 mg/L MWCNTs-exposed group. Overall, we deduce that oxidative damage, impairment of detoxification function, and disorders of protein metabolism and lipid metabolism are associated with CNTs toxicity on D. magna.

近年来，随着动力电池工业的快速发展，碳纳米管的潜在污染问题引起了人们的高度关注。本研究研究了多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）对浮游生物模式生物大水蚤（Daphnia magna）抗氧化能力、消化能力和转录组的毒性。D. magna个体暴露于不同浓度（0、0.53 mg/L和5.3 mg/L）的MWCNTs 48 h。结果表明，5.3 mg/L MWCNTs诱导了明显的氧化应激，丙二醛含量显著升高，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽活性显著降低。与对照组相比，5.3 mg/ l暴露组的消化酶活性明显降低，包括脂肪酶活性、胰蛋白酶活性和淀粉酶活性。KEGG功能注释分析显示，两种浓度的MWCNTs都干扰了两条途径，包括细胞色素P450对外源药物的代谢和脂肪酸延伸信号通路。然而，5.3 mg/L mwcnts暴露组的蛋白质消化和吸收途径受到干扰，而0.53 mg/L mwcnts暴露组没有受到干扰。总之，我们推断氧化损伤、解毒功能损害以及蛋白质代谢和脂质代谢紊乱与碳纳米管对D. magna的毒性有关。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of cypermethrin on neural tube development in the early stage of chick embryos 氯氰菊酯对早期鸡胚神经管发育的影响。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110461

Yunus Emre Kundakci , Abdulkadir Bilir , Tolga Ertekin , Fatma Firat , Evrim Suna Arikan Soylemez

Cypermethrin, a type II pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used worldwide, but its potential teratogenicity remains a cause for concern. The present study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of cypermethrin on neural tube development in early-stage chick embryos. Specific pathogen-free fertilized eggs (n = 125) were divided into five groups and treated subblastodermally at the 28th hour of incubation with saline (control) or cypermethrin at 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 ppm. The embryos were dissected after 48 h and evaluated for morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic findings. Morphological analysis revealed a significant increase in open neural tube frequency, reduced crown–rump length, and decreased somite number at 1 and 10 ppm (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical findings showed a dose-dependent increase in Caspase 3 and TUNEL indices, accompanied by a significant reduction in PCNA at higher concentrations (p < 0.001). Gene expression analysis revealed a consistent downregulation of transcription factor AP-2 (TFAP2) at all doses (p < 0.001), a non-significant alteration in brain and reproductive organ-expressed protein (BRE) (p > 0.05), and a significant upregulation of T-box transcription factor 18 (TBX18) at 10 ppm (p < 0.001). In conclusion, cypermethrin exposure during post-gastrulation impairs neural tube closure in chick embryos through enhanced apoptosis, reduced proliferation, and transcriptional dysregulation. These findings provide experimental evidence of the embryotoxic potential of pyrethroids and emphasize the need for stricter regulation of pesticide use to minimize developmental risks.

氯氰菊酯是一种II型拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂，在世界范围内广泛使用，但其潜在的致畸性仍然令人担忧。本研究旨在探讨氯氰菊酯对早期鸡胚神经管发育的剂量依赖性。将特异性无病原体受精卵（n = 125）分为5组，孵育28 h后分别用生理盐水（对照）或浓度分别为0.01、0.1、1、10 ppm的氯氰菊酯处理。胚胎在48 h后解剖，并对形态学、免疫组织化学和遗传学结果进行评估。形态学分析显示，在1和10 ppm （p  0.05）下，开放神经管频率显著增加，冠臀长度减少，体体数量减少（p  0.05）；在10 ppm （p 0.05）下，T-box转录因子18 （TBX18）显著上调（p 0.05）

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引用次数: 0