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Biotransformation of carbamazepine and nicotine in juvenile American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in vitro hepatic S9 vs. in situ perfused liver 幼年美洲鳄(Alligator mississippiensis)体外肝脏 S9 与原位灌注肝脏中卡马西平和尼古丁的生物转化。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110015
Yu Umeki, David Hala, Lene H. Petersen

American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are apex predators and sentinel species in the coastal wetland ecosystem along the Gulf of Mexico. There is concern for alligator exposure and susceptibility to chemical contaminants due to their high trophic level and lower metabolic capability. At present, their hepatic biotransformation capacity to metabolize or detoxify contaminants has not been comprehensively determined. In this study, the hepatic biotransformation capability of juvenile American alligators to metabolize two commonly found environmental pharmaceuticals: carbamazepine (CBZ) or nicotine (NCT) was evaluated. The formation of their respective primary metabolites, i.e., carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) and cotinine (CTN), was evaluated at 10 μM (within the human therapeutic range). The in vitro S9 and a novel in situ liver perfusion assays were used to characterize and compare metabolic ability in isolated hepatic enzymes vs. whole organ (liver). For CBZ, the perfused livers exhibited only 30% of intrinsic formation clearance (CLf,int) relative to the S9 assay. The metabolism of NCT was not detectable in the S9 assay and was only observed in the perfused liver assay. Compared to the corresponding rat models (S9 or perfused livers),alligators' CLf,int was 2060% for CBZ and 50% for NCT of rats. Additionally, NCT exposure increased lactate levels in perfused livers indicating metabolic stress. This study provides insight into the hepatic capability of alligators to metabolize CBZ and NCT using an established in vitro (S9) system and a newly developed in situ liver perfusion system.

美洲鳄(Alligator mississippiensis)是墨西哥湾沿岸湿地生态系统中的顶级捕食者和哨兵物种。由于短吻鳄的营养级较高,新陈代谢能力较低,因此人们担心短吻鳄会接触和易受化学污染物的影响。目前,它们代谢或解毒污染物的肝脏生物转化能力尚未得到全面测定。本研究评估了美洲短吻鳄幼体代谢两种常见环境药物:卡马西平(CBZ)或尼古丁(NCT)的肝脏生物转化能力。在 10 μM(人体治疗范围内)的条件下,评估了它们各自的主要代谢物(即卡马西平-10,11-环氧化物(CBZ-E)和可替宁(CTN))的形成情况。体外 S9 试验和新型原位肝脏灌注试验用于表征和比较离体肝酶与整个器官(肝脏)的代谢能力。对于 CBZ,相对于 S9 试验,灌注肝脏仅显示出 30% 的内在形成清除率(CLf,int)。在 S9 试验中检测不到 NCT 的代谢,只有在灌注肝脏试验中才能观察到。与相应的大鼠模型(S9 或灌注肝脏)相比,鳄鱼的 CBZ CLf,int 为 20-60%,而大鼠的 NCT CLf,int 为 50%。此外,暴露于 NCT 会增加灌注肝脏中的乳酸水平,这表明存在代谢压力。这项研究利用已建立的体外(S9)系统和新开发的原位肝脏灌注系统,深入探讨了短吻鳄代谢 CBZ 和 NCT 的肝脏能力。
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引用次数: 0
Fibrinogenolytic potential of venoms of medically important Brazilian snakes 巴西重要医学蛇类毒液的纤维蛋白原溶解潜力。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110019
Eduardo Oliveira Venancio de Lima , Lídia Jorge Tasima , Kathleen Fernandes Grego , Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo

One of the main clinical manifestations presented by victims of snake bite envenoming are coagulation disorders. Considering that fibrinogen is a key molecule for crosslinked fibrin clot formation, the objective of this work was the quantitative analysis of the fibrinogenolytic activity of snakes of medical importance in Brazil and neutralization by specific antivenom. For this, pools of three genera of medical importance (Bothrops, Crotalus and Lachesis) that are used for the production of antivenom were used, and three pools of species of the genus Bothrops that are not part of the pool for the production of antivenom. The Lachesis pool had the highest fibrinogenolytic activity, even demonstrating partial cleavage (42.9 % consumption) of the fibrinogen gamma chain. The Bothrops genus venom pools have shown subtle variations between them. The Crotalus pool, despite not showing total cleavage of any fibrinogen chain, began cleavage of fibrinogen by the beta chain. The specific antivenoms used were able to delay the cleavage of fibrinogen in all the venoms used, which could be the first step towards implementing previous in vitro tests to analyze the quality of the batches of antivenoms produced, thus potentially reducing the use of animals used in this process.

被蛇咬伤的受害者的主要临床表现之一是凝血功能障碍。考虑到纤维蛋白原是交联纤维蛋白凝块形成的关键分子,这项工作的目的是定量分析巴西医学上重要蛇类的纤维蛋白原溶解活性以及特定抗蛇毒血清的中和作用。为此,研究人员使用了用于生产抗蛇毒血清的三个重要医用蛇属(Bothrops、Crotalus 和 Lachesis)池,以及三个不属于抗蛇毒血清生产池的 Bothrops 属物种池。Lachesis 毒液池的纤维蛋白原溶解活性最高,甚至能部分裂解纤维蛋白原 gamma 链(消耗 42.9%)。两栖类毒液池之间存在微妙的差异。腕足动物毒液池尽管没有完全裂解任何纤维蛋白原链,但开始裂解纤维蛋白原的β链。所使用的特异性抗蛇毒血清能够延缓所有毒液中纤维蛋白原的裂解,这可能是实施先前体外测试的第一步,以分析所生产的抗蛇毒血清批次的质量,从而有可能减少在此过程中使用的动物。
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引用次数: 0
Multiomics analysis reveal the impact of 17α-Ethinylestradiol on mortality in juvenile zebrafish 多组学分析揭示了 17α-Ethinylestradiol 对幼年斑马鱼死亡率的影响。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110027
Xiao-Bing Long , Chong-Rui Yao , Si-Ying Li , Jin-Ge Zhang , Zhi-Jie Lu , Dong-Dong Ma , Yu-Xia Jiang , Guang-Guo Ying , Wen-Jun Shi

17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is known for its endocrine-disrupting effects on embryonic and adult fish. However, its impact on juvenile zebrafish has not been well established. In this study, juvenile zebrafish were exposed to EE2 at concentrations of 5 ng/L (low dose, L), 10 ng/L (medium dose, M), and 50 ng/L (high dose, H) from 21 days post-fertilization (dpf) to 49 dpf. We assessed their growth, development, behavior, transcriptome, and metabolome. The findings showed that the survival rate in the EE2-H group was 66.8 %, with all surviving fish displaying stunted growth and swollen, transparent abdomens by 49 dpf. Moreover, severe organ deformities were observed in the gills, kidneys, intestines, and heart of fish in both the EE2-H and EE2-M groups. Co-expression analysis of mRNA and lncRNA revealed that EE2 downregulated the transcription of key genes involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and Fanconi anemia signaling pathways. Additionally, metabolomic analysis indicated that EE2 influenced metabolism and development-related signaling pathways. These pathways were also significantly identified based on the genes regulated by lncRNA. Consequently, EE2 induced organ deformities and mortality in juvenile zebrafish by disrupting signaling pathways associated with development and metabolism. The results of this study offer new mechanistic insights into the adverse effects of EE2 on juvenile zebrafish based on multiomics analysis. The juvenile zebrafish are highly sensitive to EE2 exposure, which is not limited to adult and embryonic stages. It is a potential model for studying developmental toxicity.

众所周知,17α-乙炔雌二醇(EE2)会干扰鱼类胚胎和成鱼的内分泌。然而,它对幼年斑马鱼的影响尚未得到充分证实。在这项研究中,从受精后 21 天(dpf)到 49 天(dpf),幼年斑马鱼分别暴露于浓度为 5 纳克/升(低剂量,L)、10 纳克/升(中剂量,M)和 50 纳克/升(高剂量,H)的 EE2。我们评估了它们的生长、发育、行为、转录组和代谢组。结果表明,EE2-H组的存活率为66.8%,所有存活的鱼在49 dpf时都表现出生长发育迟缓和腹部肿胀透明。此外,EE2-H 组和 EE2-M 组的鱼鳃、肾脏、肠道和心脏都出现了严重的器官畸形。mRNA和lncRNA的共表达分析表明,EE2下调了参与细胞周期、DNA复制和范可尼贫血症信号通路的关键基因的转录。此外,代谢组学分析表明,EE2 影响了新陈代谢和发育相关的信号通路。根据受lncRNA调控的基因,这些通路也被显著识别出来。因此,EE2通过破坏与发育和代谢相关的信号通路,诱导幼年斑马鱼器官畸形和死亡。这项研究的结果为基于多组学分析的 EE2 对幼年斑马鱼不良影响的机理研究提供了新的视角。幼年斑马鱼对 EE2 暴露高度敏感,而这种暴露并不局限于成年和胚胎阶段。它是研究发育毒性的潜在模型。
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引用次数: 0
Micro-injection as a tool to detect the effects of bisphenol A, diethyl phthalate, and 17ß-estradiol on ontogenesis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) 以显微注射法检测双酚 A、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和 17ß-estradiol 对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎发育的影响。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110016
Pi-Heng Hsu , Wen-Der Wang , Su Mei Wu

Diethyl phthalate (DEP), bisphenol A (BPA), and external estradiol 17β-estradiol (E2) all are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Our previous study has found that the development of ceratohyal cartilage (CH) in embryos could be disrupted when the maternal generation was exposed with 8.06 μM DEP, 2.86 μM BPA, and 1.11 μM E2. However, it is still unknown how doses of the residual EDCs in eggs cause abnormal CH development in their offspring. Microinjection is used at the 2-cell stage of embryos to mimic the maternal effect and to observe the toxicities of EDCs in embryos. Results shown that the amounts of DEP, BPA, and E2 were 1.3 × 10-6 ng, 4.7 × 10-7 ng, and 1.4 × 10-7 ng, respectively, inducing the CH angles to become bigger than the control. However, related genes to the migratory pathways of neural crest cells (NCCs) were not influenced upon BPA and E2 treatments. Both sox10 and smad3 gene expressions were up-regulated upon DEP treatment. On the other hand, the CH angles were smaller than the control upon 1.3 × 10-5, 9.4 × 10-6, and 1.4 × 10-6 ng of DEP, BPA, and E2 microinjection, respectively. Furthermore, genes related to migratory NCCs were significantly influenced upon 10−5 ng of BPA, and 10−4 ng of DEP treatments on embryos. According to the data, we suggested that 10−5–10−7 ng of EDCs in eggs could disrupt CH development as well as significantly increase the mortality on their embryos. The present study raises concern that the responses were highly sensitive in embryos through maternal effects.

邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、双酚 A(BPA)和外源性雌二醇 17β-estradiol (E2)都是干扰内分泌的化学物质(EDCs)。我们之前的研究发现,当母体一代暴露于 8.06 μM DEP、2.86 μM BPA 和 1.11 μM E2 时,胚胎的耳软骨(CH)发育会受到干扰。然而,目前还不清楚卵子中残留的 EDCs 剂量如何导致其后代 CH 发育异常。在胚胎 2 细胞阶段采用显微注射法模拟母体效应,观察 EDCs 对胚胎的毒性。结果显示,DEP、BPA和E2的用量分别为1.3×10-6 ng、4.7×10-7 ng和1.4×10-7 ng,可诱导CH角度比对照组大。然而,神经嵴细胞(NCC)迁移途径的相关基因在BPA和E2处理后没有受到影响。DEP处理后,sox10和smad3基因表达上调。另一方面,DEP、BPA和E2分别微量注射1.3×10-5、9.4×10-6和1.4×10-6 ng后,CH角均小于对照组。此外,10-5 ng 的 BPA 和 10-4 ng 的 DEP 处理对胚胎的迁移性 NCC 相关基因有显著影响。根据这些数据,我们认为卵子中10-5-10-7 ng的EDCs会破坏CH的发育,并大大增加其胚胎的死亡率。本研究令人担忧的是,通过母体效应,胚胎的反应高度敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6) of Penaeus vannamei and effect of phenanthrene on Prx6 and glutathione peroxidase 4 expression, glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation 万年青的过氧化物歧化酶 6 (Prx6) 以及菲对 Prx6 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 4 表达、谷胱甘肽依赖性过氧化物酶活性和脂质过氧化的影响。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110014
Laura Camacho-Jiménez, Alma B. Peregrino-Uriarte, Lilia Leyva-Carrillo, Silvia Gómez-Jiménez, Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene (PHE), are common pollutants found in coastal areas where shrimp farming is developed. Even though PAHs can have adverse effects on physiology, shrimp can detoxify and metabolize toxic compounds and neutralize the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during this process. This requires the activation of multiple antioxidant enzymes, including peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6). Prx6 uses glutathione (GSH) to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides, a function shared with GSH peroxidase 4 (GPx4). Prx6 has been scarcely studied in crustaceans exposed to pollutants. Herein, we report a novel Prx6 from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei that is abundantly expressed in gills and hepatopancreas. To elucidate the involvement of Prx6 in response to PAHs, we analyzed its expression in the hepatopancreas of shrimp sub-lethally exposed to PHE (3.3 μg/L) and acetone (control) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, along with GPx4 expression, GSH-dependent peroxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation (indicated by TBARS). We found that GPx4 expression is not affected by PHE, but Prx6 expression and peroxidase activity decreased during the trial. This might contribute to the rise of TBARS found at 48 h of exposure. However, maintaining GPx4 expression could aid to minimize lipid damage during longer periods of exposure to PHE.

多环芳烃(PAHs),如菲(PHE),是发展对虾养殖的沿海地区常见的污染物。尽管多环芳烃会对生理产生不利影响,但对虾可以解毒和代谢有毒化合物,并中和在此过程中产生的活性氧(ROS)。这需要激活多种抗氧化酶,包括过氧化物歧化酶 6(Prx6)。Prx6 利用谷胱甘肽(GSH)还原磷脂氢过氧化物,这是它与 GSH 过氧化物酶 4(GPx4)的共同功能。对于暴露于污染物的甲壳类动物中的 Prx6,研究很少。在此,我们报告了一种来自凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)的新型 Prx6,它在鳃和肝胰腺中大量表达。为了阐明 Prx6 参与多环芳烃反应的情况,我们分析了其在亚致死暴露于 PHE(3.3 μg/L)和丙酮(对照组)24、48、72 和 96 小时的对虾肝胰腺中的表达情况,以及 GPx4 的表达、依赖 GSH 的过氧化物酶活性和脂质过氧化反应(用 TBARS 表示)。我们发现 GPx4 的表达不受 PHE 的影响,但 Prx6 的表达和过氧化物酶活性在试验期间有所下降。这可能是导致暴露 48 小时后 TBARS 上升的原因。不过,在较长时间暴露于 PHE 的情况下,保持 GPx4 的表达有助于将脂质损伤降到最低。
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引用次数: 0
Arsenic trioxide induces innate immune response and inflammatory response in chicken liver via cGAS-STING/NF-κB pathway 三氧化二砷通过cGAS-STING/NF-κB途径诱导鸡肝的先天免疫反应和炎症反应
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110017
Hang Pan , Limeng Zhou , Junbo Zou , Jingping Sun , Yanli You , Gaolong Zhong , Jianzhao Liao , Hui Zhang , Zhaoxin Tang , Lianmei Hu

Arsenic is a toxic metal-like element widely used in the pesticide, preservative and semiconductor industries. However, accumulation of arsenic through the food chain can cause serious damage to animal and human health. However, the toxic mechanism of arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity in chickens is not clear, and the present study aimed to investigate the potential role of cGAS-STING and NF-κB pathways on inflammatory injury in chicken liver. In this study, 75 white-feathered broilers were divided into a control group, a low-dose arsenic group (4 mg/kg) and a high-dose arsenic group (8 mg/kg) to investigate the toxic effects of arsenic on chicken liver. In this study, we found that pathological changes such as inflammatory cell infiltration and vesicular degeneration occurred in the liver when exposed to ATO. Crucially, exposure to ATO triggered the cGAS-STING pathway and markedly raised the levels of mRNA and protein expression of cGAS, STING, TBK1, and IRF7. The type I interferon response was also triggered. Simultaneously, STING induced the activation of the conventional NF-κB signaling pathway and stimulated the expression of genes associated with inflammation, such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. In summary, the induction of inflammatory responses via cGAS-STING and NF-κB signaling pathways under high ATO exposure provides new ideas for further studies on the toxicological mechanisms of arsenic.

砷是一种有毒的类金属元素,广泛用于杀虫剂、防腐剂和半导体工业。然而,砷在食物链中的累积会对动物和人类健康造成严重损害。本研究旨在探讨 cGAS-STING 和 NF-κB 通路对鸡肝炎症损伤的潜在作用。本研究将 75 只白羽肉鸡分为对照组、低剂量砷组(4 毫克/千克)和高剂量砷组(8 毫克/千克),以探讨砷对鸡肝的毒性作用。在这项研究中,我们发现当暴露于 ATO 时,肝脏会出现炎性细胞浸润和水泡变性等病理变化。最关键的是,暴露于 ATO 会触发 cGAS-STING 通路,并显著提高 cGAS、STING、TBK1 和 IRF7 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达水平。I 型干扰素反应也被触发。与此同时,STING 还诱导激活了传统的 NF-κB 信号通路,并刺激了与炎症相关的基因(如 IL-6、TNF-α 和 IL-1β)的表达。总之,高浓度 ATO 暴露下通过 cGAS-STING 和 NF-κB 信号通路诱导炎症反应为进一步研究砷的毒理机制提供了新思路。
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引用次数: 0
Modulation of the antioxidant system by glycoalkaloids in the beetle Tenebrio molitor L. 糖生物碱对甲虫抗氧化系统的调控
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110018
Magdalena Joanna Winkiel, Szymon Chowański, Karolina Walkowiak-Nowicka, Jan Lubawy, Małgorzata Słocińska

Various factors may affect the antioxidative system in insects, including xenobiotics. Glycoalkaloids (GAs) are plant secondary metabolites produced mainly by the Solanaceae family (nightshades), such as the food crop tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities and have attracted increasing interest in the context of potential insecticide properties. Therefore, the aim of the presented study was to analyze the effects of GAs (solanine, chaconine, tomatine, and extracts of tomato leaves) on lipid peroxidation; the expression levels of genes encoding manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70); and the enzymatic activity of SOD and CAT in Tenebrio molitor larvae. This species is amodel organism for toxicological and ecophysiological studies and is also a pest of grain storage. The reported changes depend on the GA concentration, incubation time, and type of insect tissue. We observed that the tested GAs affected MnSOD expression levels, increased SOD activity in the fat body, and reduced enzyme activity in the gut. The results showed that CAT expression was upregulated in the fat body and that the enzymatic activity of CAT in the gut was greater in the treated group than in the control group. Moreover, GAs affected HSP70 expression and malondialdehyde levels in both tested tissues. This research contributes to our knowledge about the effects of GAs on the antioxidative system of T. molitor beetles. As efficient antioxidative system functioning is necessary for survival, the tested components may be targets of potential bioinsecticides.

影响昆虫抗氧化系统的因素有很多,其中包括异种生物。糖类生物碱(GAs)是植物的次级代谢产物,主要由茄科植物(夜茄属)产生,如粮食作物番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.),这些化合物具有广泛的生物活性,在潜在的杀虫特性方面引起了越来越多的兴趣。因此,本研究旨在分析茄碱(茄碱、夏康碱、番茄碱和番茄叶提取物)对番茄幼虫体内脂质过氧化反应、编码锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和热休克蛋白 70(HSP70)的基因表达水平以及 SOD 和 CAT 酶活性的影响。该物种是毒理学和生态生理学研究的模型生物,也是谷物储藏中的害虫。所报告的变化取决于 GA 浓度、孵化时间和昆虫组织类型。我们观察到,测试的雌激素影响了 MnSOD 的表达水平,增加了脂肪体中的 SOD 活性,降低了肠道中的酶活性。结果表明,与对照组相比,处理组脂肪体中 CAT 的表达上调,肠道中 CAT 的酶活性增强。此外,γ-氨基丁酸还影响了两种受测组织中 HSP70 的表达和丙二醛的水平。这项研究有助于我们了解 GA 对甲虫抗氧化系统的影响。由于高效的抗氧化系统是甲虫生存的必要条件,因此所测试的成分可能是潜在生物杀虫剂的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of antimony on antioxidant system, damage indexes of blood-brain barrier and ultrastructure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) 锑对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)抗氧化系统、血脑屏障损伤指数和超微结构的影响
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110013
Kun Xu , Haitao Zou , Aijiang Yang , Qin Yao , Qing Li , Jingyun Zhang , Xia Hu

Antimony (Sb) and its compounds can be harmful to people and are known to cause cancer, so they are a key pollutant to control. This study investigated the influence of antimony on non-enzymatic antioxidants and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in zebrafish(Danio rerio), a model organism that shares a high degree of genetic similarity with humans. Zebrafish were exposed to different doses of antimony in water for 7, 18, and 30 days. The results indicated that antimony accumulated most in the liver, followed by the gills, flesh, and brain, with the accumulation increasing as the exposure duration extends. Additionally, under identical antimony concentrations, the buildup in the four tissues was positively correlated with the duration of exposure. After 18 days of exposure, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) decreased as a result of antimony ingestion in zebrafish, although cysteine secretion was increased in the liver, gills, and brain. The structural integrity of the BBB was compromised by the elevation of ApoE4 and MMP-9 levels as a result of antimony exposure, which led to the breakdown of the basal lamina, tight junctions, and nerve fibers in the brain. At this injured region, 5-HT and MBP were also able to easily enter and leave the BBB, albeit at variable rates. Additionally, when the antimony exposure level reached 16.58 mg·L−1, antimony penetrated the BBB and bound to erythrocytes, causing their lysis.

锑(Sb)及其化合物会对人体造成危害,而且已知会致癌,因此是需要重点控制的污染物。本研究调查了锑对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)非酶抗氧化剂和血脑屏障(BBB)的影响。将斑马鱼暴露在不同剂量的锑水中 7、18 和 30 天。结果表明,锑在肝脏中积累最多,其次是鳃、肉和脑,随着接触时间的延长,积累量也在增加。此外,在相同的锑浓度下,四种组织中锑的累积量与接触时间呈正相关。接触锑18天后,斑马鱼的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和内源性非酶抗氧化剂维生素C(VC)和维生素E(VE)均因摄入锑而下降,但肝脏、鳃和大脑中的半胱氨酸分泌量有所增加。锑暴露导致载脂蛋白E4和MMP-9水平升高,损害了BBB结构的完整性,从而导致大脑中基底层、紧密连接和神经纤维的破坏。在这一受伤区域,5-羟色胺和 MBP 也能轻易地进出 BBB,尽管进出速度不一。此外,当锑暴露水平达到 16.58 mg-L-1 时,锑穿透 BBB 并与红细胞结合,导致红细胞溶解。
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引用次数: 0
Modulation of response to braconid wasp venom by adipokinetic hormone in Drosophila melanogaster 黑腹果蝇体内促脂肪激素对喙蜂毒反应的调节作用
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110005
Jan Černý , Natraj Krishnan , Markéta Hejníková , Helena Štěrbová , Dalibor Kodrík

The minute wasp Habrobracon hebetor venom (HH venom) is a potent cocktail of toxins that paralyzes the victim's muscles and suppresses humoral and cellular immunity. This study examined the effect of HH venom on specific biochemical, physiological, and ultrastructural characteristics of the thoracic and nervous (CNS) tissues of Drosophila melanogaster under in vitro conditions. Venom treatment modulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), endogenous Drome-AKH level, and affected the relative viability of the cells. Additionally, it reduced the expression of genes related to the immune system in the CNS, including Keap1, Relish, Nox, Eiger, Gadd45, and Domeless, as well as in the thoracic muscles, except for Nox. Besides, venom treatment led to deteriorative changes in the ultrastructure of muscle cells, particularly affecting the mitochondria. When venom and Drosophila melanogaster-adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) were applied together, the effects of the venom alone were often modulated. The harmful effect of the venom on SOD activity was relatively reduced and the activity returned to a level similar to that of the control. In the CNS, the simultaneous application of venom and hormones abolished the suppression of previously reported immune-related genes (except for Gadd45), whereas in the muscles, this was only true for Eiger. Additionally, Drome-AKH restored cell structure to a level comparable to that of the control and lessened the harmful effects of HH venom on muscle mitochondria. These findings suggest a general body response of D. melanogaster to HH venom and a partial defensive role of Drome-AKH in this process.

小蜂 Habrobracon hebetor 毒液(HH 毒液)是一种强效的混合毒素,可麻痹受害者的肌肉并抑制体液免疫和细胞免疫。本研究考察了 HH 毒液在体外条件下对黑腹果蝇胸部和神经(CNS)组织的特定生化、生理和超微结构特征的影响。毒液调节了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性、内源性 Drome-AKH 的水平,并影响了细胞的相对活力。此外,毒液还降低了中枢神经系统中与免疫系统有关的基因的表达,包括 Keap1、Relish、Nox、Eiger、Gadd45 和 Domeless,以及胸肌中除 Nox 以外的基因表达。此外,毒液处理导致肌肉细胞的超微结构发生恶化,尤其影响线粒体。当毒液和黑腹果蝇促脂激素(Drome-AKH)同时使用时,单独使用毒液的效果往往会被调节。毒液对 SOD 活性的有害影响相对减弱,其活性恢复到与对照组相似的水平。在中枢神经系统中,同时施用毒液和激素可消除之前报道的免疫相关基因(Gadd45 除外)的抑制作用,而在肌肉中,只有艾格基因受到抑制。此外,Drome-AKH 还能将细胞结构恢复到与对照组相当的水平,并减轻 HH 毒液对肌肉线粒体的有害影响。这些发现表明,黑腹蝇对HH毒液有普遍的身体反应,而Drome-AKH在这一过程中发挥了部分防御作用。
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引用次数: 0
Behavioral dysregulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT) post-Streptococcus agalactia infection: Role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis 尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT)感染无乳链球菌后的行为失调:微生物群-肠-脑轴的作用。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110006
Mengmeng Yi , Zhigang Liu , Guiyun Huang , He Wang , Jianmeng Cao , Zhang Wang , Miao Wang , Xiaoli Ke

In the aquatic farming industry, understanding the factors affecting fish behavior is crucial, particularly in response to infections that compromise welfare and productivity. Swimming performance is a key life history trait critical to their ecology. This study explores the swimming behavior imbalance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT) post-infection with Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), a common pathogen responsible for significant losses in aquaculture. We focused on how the microbiota-gut-brain axis influences the behavioral response of tilapia to GBS infection. Behavioral changes were quantified by measuring collision times and swimming speeds, which decreased significantly following infection. This behavioral downturn is mediated by alterations in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, evidenced by increased levels of monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) in the brain and intestinal tissues. The study utilized pharmacological agents, the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (8-OH-DPAT) and antagonist (WAY-100635), to investigate their efficacy in mitigating these behavioral and biochemical changes. Both agents partially restored normal behavior by adjusting neurotransmitter concentrations disrupted by GBS infection. Additionally, a notable increase in the relative abundance of Streptococcus within the gut microbiota of infected fish highlights the potential role of specific bacterial populations in influencing host behavior. This research provides novel insights into the complex interactions between pathogen-induced gut microbiota changes and Nile tilapia's behavioral outcomes, highlighting potential avenues for improving fish health management through microbiota-targeted interventions.

在水产养殖业中,了解影响鱼类行为的因素至关重要,尤其是在应对影响鱼类福利和生产力的感染时。游泳性能是对其生态至关重要的关键生活史特征。本研究探讨了尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,GIFT)感染猪链球菌(GBS)后的游泳行为失衡,猪链球菌是一种常见的病原体,在水产养殖中造成了重大损失。我们重点研究了微生物群-肠-脑轴如何影响罗非鱼对 GBS 感染的行为反应。通过测量罗非鱼的碰撞时间和游泳速度来量化其行为变化。这种行为衰退是由微生物群-肠-脑轴的改变介导的,大脑和肠道组织中单胺神经递质(5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺)水平的升高证明了这一点。该研究利用 5-HT1A 受体激动剂(8-OH-DPAT)和拮抗剂(WAY-100635)这两种药剂来研究它们在缓解这些行为和生化变化方面的功效。这两种药物通过调整因 GBS 感染而紊乱的神经递质浓度,部分恢复了正常行为。此外,受感染鱼类肠道微生物群中链球菌的相对丰度明显增加,这突出表明特定细菌群在影响宿主行为方面的潜在作用。这项研究为病原体诱导的肠道微生物群变化与尼罗罗非鱼行为结果之间复杂的相互作用提供了新的见解,突出了通过微生物群靶向干预改善鱼类健康管理的潜在途径。
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引用次数: 0
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology
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