Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献_第4页

A time-dependent interactive effect of nitrite and ammonia on inflammatory and immune response in the head kidney of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) 亚硝酸盐和氨对鲢鱼（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）头部肾脏炎症和免疫反应的交互影响随时间变化。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110078

Yiwen Li , Honghui Guo , Hen Ge , Hang Sha , Yidi Wu , Guiwei Zou , Hongwei Liang

Nitrite and ammonia stress frequently have harmful effects on aquatic animals. However, the effect of ammonia combined with nitrite on immunity is unclear. Aimed to determine their interactive effect on head kidney, silver carp were exposed to ammonia (15 mg/L), nitrite (10 mg/L), or ammonia+nitrite (15 mg/L + 10 mg/L), and control conditions for 48 h. The results showed that exposure to nitrite and ammonia caused loss of cytoplasm and vacuolar degeneration of cells in head kidney. Following exposure to nitrite and ammonia, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels decreased significantly, while immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement 3 (C3) levels increased significantly (P < 0.05). Additionally, TNF-α and C3 were significantly affected synergistically by 24 h of exposure to ammonia+nitrite, while significantly antagonistic effect on IL-1β and C3 was observed after 48 h of exposure. After 48 h of exposure, differently expressed genes (DEGs) induced by ammonia, nitrite, and their combination were mainly assigned to molecular function and biological process, and complement and coagulation cascade pathway was enriched with the highest number of immunity-associated DEGs. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) in nitrite group was higher than that in ammonia group, and the combination of ammonia and nitrite increased and decreased the IBR induced by ammonia and nitrite after 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. In conclusion, the toxicities of ammonia and nitrite toward head kidney displayed inflammatory suppression and immune activation, and their had synergistic and antagonistic effects on head kidney at 24 h and 48 h, respectively.

亚硝酸盐和氨胁迫经常对水生动物产生有害影响。然而，氨和亚硝酸盐对免疫力的影响尚不清楚。为了确定氨气和亚硝酸盐对鲢鱼头部肾脏的交互影响，研究人员将鲢鱼置于氨气（15 毫克/升）、亚硝酸盐（10 毫克/升）或氨气+亚硝酸盐（15 毫克/升 + 10 毫克/升）和对照条件下 48 小时。结果表明，暴露于亚硝酸盐和氨中会导致头部肾脏细胞的细胞质丢失和空泡变性。暴露于亚硝酸盐和氨水后，肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平显著下降，而免疫球蛋白M（IgM）和补体3（C3）水平显著上升（P＜0.05）。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of an organophosphate pesticide and water restriction on physiology and immunity in the passerine Zonotrichia capensis 有机磷酸酯杀虫剂和限水对雀形目鸟类的生理机能和免疫力的影响

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110076

Benjamín Corvalan , Felipe Alvarez-Vergara , Diego Landaeta , Natalia Ramirez-Otarola , Juan Carlos Sanchez-Hernandez , Karin Maldonado , Roberto F. Nespolo , Seth D. Newsome , Pablo Sabat

Climate change, specifically rising temperatures and increased frequency of droughts will increase the level of exposure of organisms to chemical pollution. Notably, the impact of increased frequency and duration of drought events and subsequent dehydration on pesticide toxicity remains largely unknown. We evaluated the combined effects of exposure to the pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and water restriction (WR) on the enzymatic activities of three plasma esterases (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase), basal metabolic rate (BMR), leukocyte profile (proportion of heterophils to lymphocytes; H:L ratio), and bactericidal capacity of plasma in the rufous-collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis), a common passerine bird in Chile. The activity of the enzyme carboxylesterase decreased in birds exposed only to CPF and birds exposed to both the CPF and WR. In the group exposed to both stressors, the butyrylcholinesterase activity was also reduced. The BMR exhibited an increase in both groups exposed to CPF, with a higher rise observed in the group exposed to both CPF and WR, while the group subjected to WR showed no change. The bactericidal capacity of the plasma decreased significantly in birds exposed to CPF and in those exposed to both the pesticide and WR, while a marginal effect was observed in the group only subjected to WR. The H:L ratio increased in all groups, with the most pronounced effect in birds exposed to both stressors. These results suggest a shift in the energy budget of Z. capensis, favoring the detoxification of the pesticide through esterase activities, at the expense of reduced immunocompetence.

气候变化，特别是气温升高和干旱频率增加，将增加生物接触化学污染的程度。值得注意的是，干旱事件的频率增加、持续时间延长以及随后的脱水对杀虫剂毒性的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。我们评估了接触杀虫剂毒死蜱（CPF）和限水（WR）对三种血浆酯酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶和羧基酯酶）的酶活性、基础代谢率（BMR）、白细胞特征（嗜异性细胞与淋巴细胞的比例；H：L 比率）和血浆的杀菌能力。仅暴露于氯化石蜡的鸟类和同时暴露于氯化石蜡和氯化萘的鸟类体内羧基酯酶的活性都有所下降。在同时暴露于这两种应激源的鸟类中，丁酰胆碱酯酶的活性也有所降低。暴露于氯化石蜡的两组鸟类的血液中胆碱酯酶活性都有所上升，同时暴露于氯化石蜡和可湿性粉剂的鸟类的血液中胆碱酯酶活性上升幅度更大，而暴露于可湿性粉剂的鸟类的血液中胆碱酯酶活性则没有变化。暴露于氯化石蜡的鸟类以及同时暴露于杀虫剂和可湿性粉剂的鸟类血浆的杀菌能力明显下降，而只暴露于可湿性粉剂的鸟类血浆的杀菌能力略有下降。所有组别中的 H:L 比率都有所上升，其中暴露于两种应激源的鸟类受到的影响最为明显。这些结果表明，Z. capensis的能量预算发生了变化，有利于通过酯酶活性对杀虫剂进行解毒，但以降低免疫能力为代价。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative transcriptome analysis of gill tissue response to hypoxia stress in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) 中华绒螯蟹鳃组织对低氧胁迫反应的转录组比较分析

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110081

Xue Chen , Yulin Bai , Junlei Ma , Anqi Wang , Dongpo Xu

Crustaceans often encounter the occurrence of various hypoxic situations, and in order to cope with this situation, they have evolved a series of antioxidant defenses against hypoxic stress. The present study was conducted to investigate the physiological and molecular regulation of hypoxic stress in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). We used the method of reducing dissolved oxygen in water to treat the juvenile E. sinensis with hypoxia. The results showed that total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde contents in the gills of juvenile crabs were significantly elevated under hypoxia. In addition, gill tissues from normoxic control (NC), hypoxia-sensitive (HS) and hypoxia-tolerant (HT) groups were analysed using transcriptomic sequencing. The results revealed that 2124, 2946 and 2309 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in NC vs. HS, NC vs. HT and HS vs. HT, respectively. The analysis of KEGG pathway enrichment indicated DEGs were predominantly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum in HS vs. HT. Enrichment of the MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, glucagon signaling pathway, and arachidonic acid metabolism was also found in the comparisons of NC vs. HS and NC vs. HT. The DEGs in these pathways may play a key role in gill tolerance to hypoxia. These results provide new insights and references for the oxidative defense and adaptive regulatory mechanisms of gill tissues of juvenile E. sinensis in response to hypoxic stress.

甲壳类动物经常会遇到各种缺氧情况，为了应对这种情况，它们进化出了一系列抗氧化防御缺氧胁迫的能力。本研究旨在探讨中华绒螯蟹缺氧应激的生理和分子调控。我们采用降低水中溶解氧的方法对中华绒螯蟹幼体进行缺氧处理。结果表明，在缺氧条件下，中华绒螯蟹幼体鳃组织中的总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和丙二醛含量显著升高。此外，还利用转录组测序分析了常氧对照组（NC）、缺氧敏感组（HS）和缺氧耐受组（HT）的鳃组织。结果发现，NC 组与 HS 组、NC 组与 HT 组和 HS 组与 HT 组分别有 2124、2946 和 2309 个差异表达基因（DEGs）。KEGG通路富集分析表明，在HS与HT中，DEGs主要富集在氧化磷酸化、脂肪细胞因子信号通路和内质网蛋白加工中。在 NC vs. HS 和 NC vs. HT 的比较中，还发现了 MAPK 信号通路、细胞凋亡、胰高血糖素信号通路和花生四烯酸代谢的富集。这些通路中的 DEGs 可能在鳃耐缺氧过程中发挥了关键作用。这些结果为中华绒螯鱼幼体组织应对缺氧胁迫的氧化防御和适应性调控机制提供了新的认识和参考。

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引用次数: 0

Protective effect of a novel furan hybrid chalcone against bisphenol A-induced craniofacial developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos 一种新型呋喃杂环丁酮对双酚 A 诱导的斑马鱼胚胎颅面发育毒性的保护作用。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110072

B. Haridevamuthu , S. Madesh , Ankit Kumar Bharti , L.S. Dhivya , Rajakrishnan Rajagopal , Ahmed Alfarhan , Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss , Jesu Arockiaraj

Bisphenol A (BPA), a pervasive endocrine disruptor, is known to cause significant developmental toxicity, particularly affecting craniofacial structures through oxidative stress and apoptosis. A novel furan hybrid chalcone derivative, 3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (DK04), specifically with a hydroxyl group for its antioxidant properties and a nitro group for enhanced electron-withdrawing ability, was evaluated for its potential to mitigate these toxic effects. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to BPA and co-treated with various concentrations of DK04. Our results demonstrated that DK04 significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation, increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT), and restored the balance between pro-apoptotic (p53) and anti-apoptotic (bcl2) genes. Furthermore, DK04 treatment improved bone mineralization and chondrogenesis by reversing BPA-induced disruptions in osteogenic markers (runx2, sox9a, bmp6, and mmp13a). The locomotion impairments observed in BPA-exposed embryos were also ameliorated by DK04, indicating its potential neuroprotective effects. These findings suggest that DK04 offers a multifaceted approach to counteract BPA toxicity, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention. This research underscores the importance of developing prophylactic compounds to safeguard health against environmental toxicants like BPA. Future studies should focus on long-term safety and efficacy in mammalian models and explore synergistic effects with other protective agents to broaden the applications of DK04 and contribute to public health benefits.

众所周知，双酚 A（BPA）是一种普遍存在的内分泌干扰物，会对发育产生严重的毒性，尤其会通过氧化应激和细胞凋亡影响颅面部结构。研究人员评估了一种新型呋喃杂合查尔酮衍生物 3-(2-羟基-5-硝基苯基)-1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮（DK04），该衍生物带有羟基，具有抗氧化特性，而带有硝基，可增强电子吸收能力。斑马鱼胚胎暴露于双酚 A 后，与不同浓度的 DK04 共同处理。我们的研究结果表明，DK04 能显著减少活性氧（ROS）的生成和脂质过氧化，提高抗氧化酶（SOD 和 CAT）的活性，并恢复促凋亡基因（p53）和抗凋亡基因（bcl2）之间的平衡。此外，DK04 还能逆转双酚 A 诱导的成骨标志物（runx2、sox9a、bmp6 和 mmp13a）的破坏，从而改善骨矿化和软骨生成。DK04还能改善暴露于双酚A的胚胎的运动障碍，这表明DK04具有潜在的神经保护作用。这些发现表明，DK04 提供了一种多方面的方法来对抗双酚 A 的毒性，使其成为一种有希望的治疗干预候选物质。这项研究强调了开发预防性化合物以保护健康免受双酚 A 等环境毒物伤害的重要性。未来的研究应侧重于哺乳动物模型的长期安全性和有效性，并探索与其他保护剂的协同效应，以拓宽 DK04 的应用领域，为公共健康做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Non-invasive recording of heartbeats in Danio rerio and Daphnia magna to assess the toxicity of imidacloprid and glyphosate 无创记录丹利欧和大型蚤的心跳，以评估吡虫啉和草甘膦的毒性。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110075

V.V. Krylov , T.F. Lukyanov , V.I. Korzhevina , A.S. Machikhin , A.V. Guryleva , V.K. Tchougounov , A.B. Burlakov

Non-invasive optical registration and subsequent analysis of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in transparent aquatic animals have recently been proposed as convenient toxicological endpoints, well-suited for automation data acquisition and processing. This approach was evaluated in experiments involving juvenile Daphnia magna and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to glyphosate solutions (20 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, and 0.02 mg/L) and imidacloprid solutions (30 mg/L, 3 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, and 0.03 mg/L). The findings indicate that cardiac performance assessment is a promising approach for short-term toxicity evaluation. However, the sensitivity of this physiological endpoint to various external factors may limit its broader application. Results from the two model species highlight their differing sensitivities to the tested substances, emphasizing the need for thorough preliminary studies before establishing this method as a standardized toxicological tool. The potential development and improvement of techniques for assessing heart rate in zebrafish and daphnids are discussed.

最近，有人提出对透明水生动物的心率（HR）和心率变异性（HRV）进行非侵入式光学登记和后续分析，作为方便的毒理学终点，非常适合自动化数据采集和处理。这种方法在实验中进行了评估，实验对象是暴露于草甘膦溶液（20 毫克/升、2 毫克/升、0.2 毫克/升和 0.02 毫克/升）和吡虫啉溶液（30 毫克/升、3 毫克/升、0.3 毫克/升和 0.03 毫克/升）的大型水蚤幼体和斑马鱼（Danio rerio）胚胎。研究结果表明，心脏性能评估是一种很有前景的短期毒性评估方法。然而，这一生理终点对各种外部因素的敏感性可能会限制其更广泛的应用。两种模式物种的研究结果突显了它们对受试物质的不同敏感性，强调在将这种方法确立为标准化毒理学工具之前，需要进行彻底的初步研究。本文讨论了开发和改进斑马鱼和水蚤心率评估技术的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Exposure to amitriptyline disturbs behaviors in adult zebrafish and their offspring via altering neurotransmitter levels 暴露于阿米替林会通过改变神经递质水平干扰成年斑马鱼及其后代的行为。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110079

Jie Tang , Anqi Liu , Kun Chen , Yanhong Shi , Xuchun Qiu

Amitriptyline (AMI), one of the widely used tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), has become a pharmaceutical contaminant frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems. However, the impacts of AMI exposure and underlying mechanisms on fish are still limited. In this study, adult zebrafish (F0) were exposed to AMI at 0 (control), 0.8, and 8 μg/L for 14 days. Subsequently, the exposed zebrafish were paired for spawning, and their offspring (F1) were reared in an AMI-free medium until 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). This study aimed to assess variations in behaviors and neurotransmitter levels in both the F0 (at the end of the 14-day exposure) and F1 generations (at 5 dpf). As a result, waterborne AMI exposure significantly reduced the locomotor activity, frequency of body contact, and duration of chase in F0 zebrafish, and resulted in notable changes in monoamine neurotransmitter levels in their brains. Parental exposure to AMI significantly elevated the heart rate and eye movement but reduced the locomotor activity in the F1 zebrafish, also along with significant changes in monoamine neurotransmitters and acetylcholine. Furthermore, significant correlations between the changes in behavioral traits and neurotransmitter levels were identified in both F0 and F1 generations. Our findings confirm the critical role of monoamine modulation in the neurobehavioral toxicity of AMI on zebrafish and their offspring, and emphasize the importance of paying attention to its multigenerational effects on fish.

阿米替林（AMI）是广泛使用的三环类抗抑郁药（TCAs）之一，已成为水生生态系统中经常检测到的药物污染物。然而，AMI 暴露对鱼类的影响及其潜在机制仍然有限。在本研究中，成年斑马鱼（F0）分别暴露于 0（对照组）、0.8 和 8 μg/L 的 AMI 14 天。随后，暴露的斑马鱼配对产卵，它们的后代（F1）在不含 AMI 的培养基中饲养至受精后 5 天（dpf）。本研究旨在评估 F0 代（14 天暴露结束时）和 F1 代（5 dpf 时）的行为和神经递质水平的变化。结果表明，水中AMI暴露显著降低了F0斑马鱼的运动活性、身体接触频率和追逐持续时间，并导致其大脑中单胺神经递质水平发生明显变化。亲本暴露于 AMI 会显著提高 F1 斑马鱼的心率和眼球运动，但会降低其运动活动，同时单胺类神经递质和乙酰胆碱也会发生显著变化。此外，在 F0 代和 F1 代中，行为特征的变化与神经递质水平之间存在明显的相关性。我们的研究结果证实了单胺调节在 AMI 对斑马鱼及其后代神经行为毒性中的关键作用，并强调了关注 AMI 对鱼类多代影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Risk assessment of developmental and neurotoxicity by the flavoring agent perillaldehyde: NAC (N-acetylcysteine) mitigation of oxidative stress-mediated inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway 香料过甲醛对发育和神经系统毒性的风险评估：NAC（N-乙酰半胱氨酸）减轻氧化应激介导的 Nrf2 通路抑制作用。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110071

Yue Li , Manchun Yu , Ying Wei , Zhuoshuo Zhou , Yingxue Guo , Min Yuan , Jiazheng Jin , Jinlian Li , Hongkuan Shen , Dongmei Wu

Perillaldehyde (PAE), a prevalent flavoring agent, has raised safety concerns due to conflicting evidence regarding its toxicity. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the developmental and neurotoxic effects of PAE in zebrafish, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of its toxicity. Results showed that PAE affected the viability and hatching rate of zebrafish at 96 h postfertilization with the 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) of 7.975 mg/L. Furthermore, exposed‌ to a non-lethal concentration of 4 mg/L PAE induced a spectrum of morphological abnormalities, such as pericardial edema, delayed yolk sac absorption, reduced body length, and microphthalmia. Behavioral observations revealed that PAE reduced motor ability, and was accompanied by an increase in spontaneous turning angle and angular velocity. Using the TG(elav13:EGFP) transgenic model, we observed the number of newborn neurons was reduced, indicating that PAE induced obvious neurotoxic effects. Additionally, this concentration facilitated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), concomitantly decreasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. QRT-PCR analysis revealed that PAE down-regulated Nestin and Neurogenin1 gene expression, up-regulated Glipr1a and Nox1 gene expression, and inhibited the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Notably, co-administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of oxidative stress, mitigated oxidative stress levels and partially ameliorated the neurotoxicity. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is the primary mediator of PAE-induced neurotoxicity. This study provides crucial insights for the safe application of PAE.

紫苏醛（PAE）是一种常见的调味剂，由于有关其毒性的证据相互矛盾，因此引起了人们对其安全性的关注。本研究全面评估了 PAE 对斑马鱼的发育和神经毒性影响，阐明了其毒性的潜在机制。结果表明，PAE 会影响受精后 96 小时斑马鱼的存活率和孵化率，50%致死浓度（LC50）为 7.975 mg/L。此外，接触非致死浓度为 4 毫克/升的 PAE 会诱发一系列形态异常，如心包水肿、卵黄囊吸收延迟、体长缩短和小眼症。行为观察显示，PAE降低了运动能力，并伴随着自发转角和角速度的增加。利用TG(elav13:EGFP)转基因模型，我们观察到新生神经元数量减少，表明PAE诱导了明显的神经毒性效应。此外，该浓度还促进了活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）的积累，同时降低了抗氧化酶的活性。QRT-PCR 分析显示，PAE 下调了 Nestin 和 Neurogenin1 基因的表达，上调了 Glipr1a 和 Nox1 基因的表达，并抑制了 Nrf2/HO-1 通路。值得注意的是，同时服用氧化应激抑制剂 N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）可减轻氧化应激水平并部分改善神经毒性。这些发现表明，氧化应激是 PAE 诱导神经毒性的主要介质。这项研究为 PAE 的安全应用提供了重要启示。

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引用次数: 0

Antioxidant response fail to rescue growth of Hermetia illucens L. larvae induced by copper accumulated during long-term exposure 抗氧化反应无法挽救长期暴露于铜积累诱导的Hermetia illucens L.幼虫的生长。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110074

Huijie Zhang , Hongxia Sun , Lin Liu, Ye Liao, Yanxin Lu, Qiang Xia

Antioxidant indices and hemocytes apoptosis in the 6th instar larvae of Hermetia illucens., and their correlation with larval growth were evaluated by exposing larvae to different concentrations of Cu²⁺ for 1, 3 and 5 generations. Cu²⁺ accumulated in larval hemolymph showed significant dose-dependent relationship with Cu²⁺ concentrations in diets within a generation. Larval growth was only promoted after low concentrations of Cu²⁺ exposure for 1 generation, while seriously affected after high concentrations of Cu²⁺ exposure. Though total antioxidant capacity activity in larval hemolymph in treatment groups was all higher than that in control, it was increased at lower levels of Cu²⁺, while decreased with increasing Cu²⁺ concentrations at higher levels of Cu²⁺ exposure. The catalase (CAT) activity and metallothioneins (MTs) levels were also characterized as improved at lower levels of Cu²⁺, and inhibited at higher levels of Cu²⁺ exposure. However, CAT activity and MTs levels at higher Cu²⁺ treatments were significantly lower than that in control. Apoptosis rate of hemocytes was increased with increasing Cu²⁺ concentrations. Annexin V - fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/ propidium iodide (PI) staining was in accordance with the results exhibited in flow cytometer. Results from transmission electron microscope and comet assay further confirmed that membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation were gradually apparent with increasing Cu²⁺ concentration. All parameters in different generation had similar dose-dependent trends, but the effects were strongest in the fifth generation. This study indicated that at some extent growth of H. illucens were associated with antioxidant responses and apoptosis induced by Cu²⁺.

通过将幼虫暴露于不同浓度的Cu2+中1代、3代和5代，评估了Hermetia illucens.6龄幼虫的抗氧化指数和血淋巴细胞凋亡及其与幼虫生长的相关性。幼虫血淋巴中积累的 Cu2+ 与一代幼虫日粮中的 Cu2+ 浓度呈显著的剂量依赖关系。幼虫在低浓度 Cu2+ 暴露下仅能促进其生长 1 代，而在高浓度 Cu2+ 暴露下则会严重影响其生长。虽然处理组幼虫血淋巴中的总抗氧化能力活性均高于对照组，但在较低的 Cu2+ 浓度下，总抗氧化能力活性有所提高，而在较高的 Cu2+ 浓度下，总抗氧化能力活性随着 Cu2+ 浓度的增加而降低。过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和金属硫蛋白（MTs）水平的特征也是在较低的 Cu2+ 水平下提高，而在较高的 Cu2+ 暴露水平下受到抑制。然而，CAT 活性和 MTs 水平在较高 Cu2+ 处理下明显低于对照组。血细胞凋亡率随着 Cu2+ 浓度的增加而增加。Annexin V - 异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）/碘化丙啶（PI）染色与流式细胞仪显示的结果一致。透射电子显微镜和彗星试验的结果进一步证实，随着 Cu2+ 浓度的增加，膜破裂、核凝结和 DNA 断裂现象逐渐明显。不同世代的所有参数都有类似的剂量依赖趋势，但第五代的影响最强。这项研究表明，H. illucens 的生长在一定程度上与 Cu2+ 诱导的抗氧化反应和细胞凋亡有关。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of intestinal DNA damage and inflammation induced by ammonia nitrogen exposure in Litopenaeus vannamei 氨氮暴露诱发万年青肠道 DNA 损伤和炎症的机制

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110070

Ruixue Tong , Futao Jing , Yaobing Li , Luqing Pan , Xin Yu , Ning Zhang , Qilong Liao

Ammonia nitrogen, a common aquaculture pollutant, harms crustaceans by causing intestinal inflammation, though its exact mechanisms are unclear. Thus, we exposed shrimp to 0, 2, 10 and 20 mg/L NH₄Cl exposure for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, and explored the intestinal stress, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation and its histopathological changes. This research indicated that ammonia nitrogen exposure heightens plasma dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and acetylcholine (ACh) levels, alters gene expression of neurotransmitter receptors in the intestine, triggering the PLCCa²⁺ pathway and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, mitochondrial fission-related genes (Drp1, FIS1) significantly increase, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly elevated in the intestine, which induced DNA damage effects and initiated the DNA repair function, mainly through the base excision repair pathway, but with a low repair efficiency. By determining the expression of key genes of caspase-dependent and non-caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways, it was found that ammonia nitrogen exposure induced apoptosis in intestinal cells, proliferation key signaling pathways such as Wnt, EGFR and FOXO signaling showed an overall decrease after ammonia nitrogen exposure, combined with the gene expression of cell cycle proteins and proliferation markers, indicated that the proliferation of intestinal cells was inhibited. Performing pearson correlation analysis of intestinal cell damage, proliferation, and inflammatory factors, we hypothesized that ammonia nitrogen exposure induces intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial fission, induces elevated ROS, leads to DNA damage, and causes inflammation and damage in intestinal tissues by the underlying mechanism of promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation.

氨氮是一种常见的水产养殖污染物，通过引起肠道炎症对甲壳类动物造成危害，但其确切机制尚不清楚。因此，我们将对虾暴露于 0、2、10 和 20 mg/L NH4Cl 下 0、3、6、12、24、48、72 h，并探究其肠道应激、凋亡、增殖、炎症及其组织病理学变化。研究表明，氨氮暴露可提高血浆中多巴胺（DA）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）和乙酰胆碱（ACh）的水平，改变肠道中神经递质受体的基因表达，触发 PLCCa2+ 通路，诱导内质网应激。此外，线粒体裂变相关基因（Drp1、FIS1）明显增加，肠道内活性氧（ROS）水平显著升高，诱发DNA损伤效应，启动DNA修复功能，主要通过碱基切除修复途径，但修复效率较低。通过测定caspase依赖性和非caspase依赖性凋亡通路关键基因的表达，发现氨氮暴露诱导肠道细胞凋亡，增殖关键信号通路如Wnt、EGFR和FOXO信号通路在氨氮暴露后整体下降，结合细胞周期蛋白和增殖标志物的基因表达，表明肠道细胞的增殖受到抑制。通过对肠道细胞损伤、增殖和炎症因子进行皮尔逊相关分析，我们推测氨氮暴露会诱导肠道内质网应激和线粒体裂解，诱导ROS升高，导致DNA损伤，并通过促进凋亡和抑制增殖的内在机制引起肠道组织的炎症和损伤。

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引用次数: 0

A metabolomic analysis on the toxicological effects of the universal solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide 对通用溶剂二甲基亚砜毒理效应的代谢组学分析。

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110073

Sazal Kumar , Rafiquel Islam , Wayne O'Connor , Steve D. Melvin , Frederic D.L. Leusch , Allison Luengen , Geoff R. MacFarlane

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a solvent used to dissolve a variety of organic compounds. It is presumed to be non-toxic at concentrations below 1 % v/v, although several studies have demonstrated that low dose DMSO exposure can alter cellular biochemistry. This study evaluated the toxicity of DMSO at 0.0002 % v/v to the Sydney Rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, following 7d of exposure. Metabolites were chosen as the toxicity endpoints because they can be used as energy sources and counteract contaminant-induced stress. Relative to seawater controls, exposure to DMSO caused a 74 % significant change in metabolites in the female digestive gland, including decreases in most amino acids, carbohydrates, nicotinamides, and lipids. The female gonad showed a 43 % significant change in metabolites, with decreases in amino acids and carbohydrates, but increases in lipids. The male digestive gland showed a 29 % significant change in metabolites, with increases in lipids. The decline in metabolites in the female digestive gland, but not in the male digestive gland, may be due to their differential metabolic demands. Furthermore, pathway impact analysis revealed that DMSO exposure altered energy metabolism, disturbed osmotic balance, and induced oxidative stress in oysters. Because the effects of DMSO are not uniform across gender and tissue, use of DMSO as a solvent will confound metabolomic experimental results when comparisons among sexes and/or tissues are integral to the experimental design. There is a risk of incomplete dissolution of contaminants unless carrier solvents are used. Therefore, in practice, a solvent control along with a water control is recommended for experimentation.

二甲基亚砜（DMSO）是一种用于溶解多种有机化合物的溶剂。据推测，浓度低于 10 % v/v 的二甲基亚砜是无毒的，但有几项研究表明，低剂量接触二甲基亚砜会改变细胞的生物化学特性。本研究评估了浓度为 0.0002 % v/v 的二甲基亚砜在悉尼岩牡蛎（Saccostrea glomerata）接触 7 天后的毒性。之所以选择代谢物作为毒性终点，是因为代谢物可用作能量来源并抵消污染物引起的压力。与海水对照组相比，暴露于二甲基亚砜会导致雌性消化腺代谢物发生 74% 的显著变化，包括大多数氨基酸、碳水化合物、烟酰胺和脂类的减少。雌性性腺的代谢物发生了 43% 的显著变化，氨基酸和碳水化合物减少，但脂类增加。雄性消化腺的代谢物有 29% 的显著变化，脂类增加。雌性消化腺中的代谢物减少，而雄性消化腺中的代谢物没有减少，这可能是由于它们的代谢需求不同造成的。此外，路径影响分析表明，暴露于二甲基亚砜会改变能量代谢，破坏渗透平衡，并诱发牡蛎的氧化应激。由于 DMSO 对不同性别和不同组织的影响不尽相同，因此，当性别和/或组织间的比较是实验设计的组成部分时，使用 DMSO 作为溶剂会混淆代谢组学实验结果。除非使用载体溶剂，否则存在污染物溶解不完全的风险。因此，在实际操作中，任何实验都建议使用水对照和溶剂对照。

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引用次数: 0