Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献_第7页

Effects of short-chain chlorinated paraffins on feeding, oxidative status, and multigenerational parameters in the water flea Moina macrocopa 短链氯化石蜡对大水蚤取食、氧化状态和多代参数的影响

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110384

Jaehee Kim , Seong Duk Do , Jae-Sung Rhee

Despite being persistent pollutants of global concern and frequently detected in aquatic environments, the detrimental effects of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) on aquatic crustaceans remain limited. Here, we analyzed the acute and chronic effects of SCCPs on the freshwater flea Moina macrocopa. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) value of SCCPs for 48 h was determined to be 0.24 μg L⁻¹, while the 10 % (LC10) and 50 % (LC50) lethality values were measured as 3.7 and 36 μg L⁻¹, respectively. In the acute exposure experiment, exposure to the LC10 value of SCCPs reduced feeding performance, acetylcholinesterase activity, and thoracic limb movement. In response to the LC10 value, reactive oxygen species levels increased, accompanied by elevated concentrations of malondialdehyde and glutathione. Enzymatic activities of glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were significantly elevated at the LC10 value, indicating active involvement of the antioxidant defense system in mitigating oxidative stress. Long-term exposure to the 1/10 NOEC and NOEC values across three generations showed multigenerational detrimental impacts of SCCPs, including reductions in survival, growth, and reproduction in the second and/or third generations. Taken together, our results suggest that even sublethal concentrations of SCCPs can acutely induce cholinergic impairment and oxidative stress, while chronically impairing population maintenance in M. macrocopa.

尽管短链氯化石蜡（SCCPs）是全球关注的持久性污染物，并且经常在水生环境中被检测到，但对水生甲壳类动物的有害影响仍然有限。在此，我们分析了sccp对淡水蚤Moina macrocopa的急性和慢性影响。测定48 h SCCPs的无效应浓度（NOEC）值为0.24 μ L-1, 10 % （LC10）和50 % （LC50）致死值分别为3.7和36 μ L-1。在急性暴露实验中，暴露于LC10值的SCCPs降低了摄食性能、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和胸部肢体运动。随着LC10值的升高，活性氧水平升高，丙二醛和谷胱甘肽浓度升高。在LC10值时，谷胱甘肽s -转移酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性显著升高，表明抗氧化防御系统积极参与缓解氧化应激。长期暴露在1/10的NOEC和NOEC值下的三代显示出sccp的多代有害影响，包括第二代和/或第三代的生存、生长和繁殖减少。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，即使是亚致死浓度的SCCPs也能急性诱导胆碱能损伤和氧化应激，同时慢性损害巨巨支原体的种群维持。

{"title":"Effects of short-chain chlorinated paraffins on feeding, oxidative status, and multigenerational parameters in the water flea Moina macrocopa","authors":"Jaehee Kim , Seong Duk Do , Jae-Sung Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite being persistent pollutants of global concern and frequently detected in aquatic environments, the detrimental effects of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) on aquatic crustaceans remain limited. Here, we analyzed the acute and chronic effects of SCCPs on the freshwater flea <em>Moina macrocopa</em>. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) value of SCCPs for 48 h was determined to be 0.24 μg L<sup>−1</sup>, while the 10 % (LC10) and 50 % (LC50) lethality values were measured as 3.7 and 36 μg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. In the acute exposure experiment, exposure to the LC10 value of SCCPs reduced feeding performance, acetylcholinesterase activity, and thoracic limb movement. In response to the LC10 value, reactive oxygen species levels increased, accompanied by elevated concentrations of malondialdehyde and glutathione. Enzymatic activities of glutathione <em>S</em>-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were significantly elevated at the LC10 value, indicating active involvement of the antioxidant defense system in mitigating oxidative stress. Long-term exposure to the 1/10 NOEC and NOEC values across three generations showed multigenerational detrimental impacts of SCCPs, including reductions in survival, growth, and reproduction in the second and/or third generations. Taken together, our results suggest that even sublethal concentrations of SCCPs can acutely induce cholinergic impairment and oxidative stress, while chronically impairing population maintenance in <em>M. macrocopa</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145437270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ancestral exposure to amitriptyline disrupts the behavior and gene expression in zebrafish F2 offspring 祖先接触阿米替林会破坏斑马鱼F2后代的行为和基因表达。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110390

Anqi Liu , Kun Chen , Xuchun Qiu , Yuki Takai , Yohei Shimasaki , Yuji Oshima

Amitriptyline (AMI), a commonly used tricyclic antidepressant, has been identified as a significant pharmaceutical contaminant in aquatic environments. Although parental exposure of zebrafish to AMI has been found to induce changes in the development, behavior, and gene expression of their F1 offspring, it is unclear whether such adverse effects will be further extended to subsequent generations. In the current study, we explored the effects of ancestral exposure to AMI at environmentally relevant concentrations (0 and 0.8 μg/L) on the early life stages of zebrafish F2 offspring. The results showed that ancestral exposure to AMI had no significant effect on the survival and development of the zebrafish F2 offspring. However, significant hyperactivity was observed in the F2 larvae in the ancestral AMI exposure group during the dark periods of a light-dark locomotion assay. Transcription analysis revealed that ancestral exposure to AMI significantly disrupted pathways associated with xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, as well as the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. Furthermore, ancestral exposure to AMI significantly decreased the level of cytochrome P450 and the activity of glutathione S-transferase within the F2 larvae, which are critical enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. These findings provide valuable insights into the multigenerational effects of AMI exposure in zebrafish, emphasizing the importance of assessing the risks posed by such pollutants to fish populations.

阿米替林（AMI）是一种常用的三环抗抑郁药，已被确定为水生环境中的重要药物污染物。虽然已经发现父母接触AMI会诱导F1后代的发育、行为和基因表达发生变化，但尚不清楚这种不良影响是否会进一步延伸到后代。在本研究中，我们探讨了祖先暴露于环境相关浓度（0和0.8 μg/L）的AMI对斑马鱼F2后代早期生命阶段的影响。结果表明，祖先接触AMI对斑马鱼F2后代的生存和发育没有显著影响。然而，在光-暗运动试验的黑暗时期，祖先AMI暴露组的F2幼虫观察到显著的过度活跃。转录分析显示，祖先暴露于AMI显著破坏了与外源生物降解和代谢相关的途径，以及辅助因子和维生素的代谢。此外，祖先暴露于AMI导致F2幼虫体内参与外源代谢的关键酶水平显著降低，特别是细胞色素P450和谷胱甘肽s -转移酶。这些发现为了解AMI暴露对斑马鱼的多代影响提供了有价值的见解，强调了评估此类污染物对鱼类种群构成的风险的重要性。

{"title":"Ancestral exposure to amitriptyline disrupts the behavior and gene expression in zebrafish F2 offspring","authors":"Anqi Liu , Kun Chen , Xuchun Qiu , Yuki Takai , Yohei Shimasaki , Yuji Oshima","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amitriptyline (AMI), a commonly used tricyclic antidepressant, has been identified as a significant pharmaceutical contaminant in aquatic environments. Although parental exposure of zebrafish to AMI has been found to induce changes in the development, behavior, and gene expression of their F1 offspring, it is unclear whether such adverse effects will be further extended to subsequent generations. In the current study, we explored the effects of ancestral exposure to AMI at environmentally relevant concentrations (0 and 0.8 μg/L) on the early life stages of zebrafish F2 offspring. The results showed that ancestral exposure to AMI had no significant effect on the survival and development of the zebrafish F2 offspring. However, significant hyperactivity was observed in the F2 larvae in the ancestral AMI exposure group during the dark periods of a light-dark locomotion assay. Transcription analysis revealed that ancestral exposure to AMI significantly disrupted pathways associated with xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, as well as the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. Furthermore, ancestral exposure to AMI significantly decreased the level of cytochrome P450 and the activity of glutathione S-transferase within the F2 larvae, which are critical enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. These findings provide valuable insights into the multigenerational effects of AMI exposure in zebrafish, emphasizing the importance of assessing the risks posed by such pollutants to fish populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prothioconazole induced stereoselective developmental toxicity and liver injury in zebrafish embryos via ferroptosis 原硫康唑通过铁下垂诱导斑马鱼胚胎立体选择性发育毒性和肝损伤。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110380

Jinhao Bian , Hanshuang Zhao , Wenping Xu , Zhong Li , Yang Zhang

The widespread use of prothioconazole (PTCZ), a globally applied triazole fungicide, raises concerns regarding ecological risks from environmental residues and highlights the critical gap in pesticide safety assessment concerning enantiomeric differences in toxicity. This study investigated the stereoselective toxicity and molecular mechanisms of PTCZ enantiomers in an aquatic model using a zebrafish embryo exposure system. The toxic effects were systematically analyzed through multidimensional endpoint assessments, which examined developmental malformations, liver histopathology, lipid metabolism indicators, and lipid peroxidation. The underlying molecular mechanisms were explored through GPX4 immunofluorescence, as well as qPCR and Western blot analyses of ferroptosis-related genes. A ferroptosis inhibitor rescue experiment utilizing Ferrostatin-1 was conducted to investigate the role of ferroptosis in the observed toxicity. Our findings demonstrate that the S-(+)-PTCZ enantiomer induced significantly more severe developmental toxicity and liver injury compared to its counterpart. Mechanistically, S-(+)-PTCZ triggered hepatic damage by activating the lipid peroxidation-ferroptosis axis, as evidenced by inhibition of GPX4 protein expression and an upregulation of the pro-ferroptotic gene acsl4. Crucially, Ferrostatin-1 significantly reversed these effects, reducing lipid peroxidation. Our results confirm that traditional risk assessments based on the racemate (Rac-PTCZ) would substantially underestimate the actual environmental risk posed by the highly non-target bioactive S-(+)-enantiomer. This work provides a critical theoretical basis for the precise regulation and low-toxicity design of chiral pesticides.

prothioconazole （PTCZ）是一种全球通用的三唑类杀菌剂，它的广泛使用引起了人们对环境残留生态风险的关注，并突出了农药安全性评估中对映体毒性差异的关键空白。本研究利用斑马鱼胚胎暴露系统研究了PTCZ对映体在水生模型中的立体选择性毒性及其分子机制。通过多维终点评估系统地分析了毒性作用，包括发育畸形、肝脏组织病理学、脂质代谢指标和脂质过氧化。通过GPX4免疫荧光、qPCR和Western blot分析，探讨了其潜在的分子机制。利用铁抑素-1 （Ferrostatin-1）进行了一项铁下垂抑制剂拯救实验，以研究铁下垂在观察到的毒性中的作用。我们的研究结果表明，S-(+)- ptcz对映体比其对应物诱导更严重的发育毒性和肝损伤。从机制上讲，S-(+)- ptcz通过激活脂质过氧化-铁下垂轴引发肝损伤，这可以通过抑制GPX4蛋白表达和上调前铁下垂基因acsl4来证明。至关重要的是，铁抑素-1显著逆转了这些作用，减少了脂质过氧化。我们的研究结果证实，基于外消旋体（Rac-PTCZ）的传统风险评估将大大低估高度非靶向生物活性S-(+)-对映体所带来的实际环境风险。本研究为手性农药的精确调控和低毒性设计提供了重要的理论依据。

{"title":"Prothioconazole induced stereoselective developmental toxicity and liver injury in zebrafish embryos via ferroptosis","authors":"Jinhao Bian , Hanshuang Zhao , Wenping Xu , Zhong Li , Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of prothioconazole (PTCZ), a globally applied triazole fungicide, raises concerns regarding ecological risks from environmental residues and highlights the critical gap in pesticide safety assessment concerning enantiomeric differences in toxicity. This study investigated the stereoselective toxicity and molecular mechanisms of PTCZ enantiomers in an aquatic model using a zebrafish embryo exposure system. The toxic effects were systematically analyzed through multidimensional endpoint assessments, which examined developmental malformations, liver histopathology, lipid metabolism indicators, and lipid peroxidation. The underlying molecular mechanisms were explored through GPX4 immunofluorescence, as well as qPCR and Western blot analyses of ferroptosis-related genes. A ferroptosis inhibitor rescue experiment utilizing Ferrostatin-1 was conducted to investigate the role of ferroptosis in the observed toxicity. Our findings demonstrate that the S-(+)-PTCZ enantiomer induced significantly more severe developmental toxicity and liver injury compared to its counterpart. Mechanistically, S-(+)-PTCZ triggered hepatic damage by activating the lipid peroxidation-ferroptosis axis, as evidenced by inhibition of GPX4 protein expression and an upregulation of the pro-ferroptotic gene <em>acsl4</em>. Crucially, Ferrostatin-1 significantly reversed these effects, reducing lipid peroxidation. Our results confirm that traditional risk assessments based on the racemate (Rac-PTCZ) would substantially underestimate the actual environmental risk posed by the highly non-target bioactive S-(+)-enantiomer. This work provides a critical theoretical basis for the precise regulation and low-toxicity design of chiral pesticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145430344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of environmental factors on host-microbiota interactions in the guts of aquatic organisms: A review 环境因素对水生生物肠道宿主-微生物相互作用的影响

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110381

Deok-Seo Yoon , Jin-Hyoung Kim , Il-Chan Kim , Youji Wang , Zhou Yang , Min-Chul Lee , Jae-Seong Lee

Aquatic environments are dynamic systems where multiple factors influence the intricate interactions between hosts and their gut microbiomes. This review explores how various stressors alter the gut microbiota of fish and aquatic invertebrates, by examining factors that include water characteristics, photoperiod, external pollutants such as heavy metals and microplastics, food availability, and practical aquaculture feed additives, for example, ethoxyquin. Across these diverse factors, common patterns emerge, including disruptions to microbial diversity, compromised gut barrier integrity, and the induction of oxidative stress. Conversely, beneficial additives like probiotics and astaxanthin are shown to mitigate these negative effects by reinforcing gut structure and modulating the microbial community. Collectively, these findings underscore the critical role of the gut microbiota in mediating host responses to environmental changes. Future research should therefore focus on elucidating specific toxicological pathways like the gut-organ axis, investigating the transgenerational effects of pollutants, and developing probiotic-based strategies to enhance the resilience and sustainability of aquaculture.

水生环境是一个动态系统，其中多种因素影响宿主与其肠道微生物群之间复杂的相互作用。这篇综述探讨了各种压力源如何改变鱼类和水生无脊椎动物的肠道微生物群，通过检查包括水特性、光周期、外部污染物（如重金属和微塑料）、食物供应和实用的水产养殖饲料添加剂（如乙氧基醌）在内的因素。在这些不同的因素中，出现了共同的模式，包括微生物多样性的破坏，肠道屏障完整性的破坏以及氧化应激的诱导。相反，益生菌和虾青素等有益添加剂通过加强肠道结构和调节微生物群落来减轻这些负面影响。总的来说，这些发现强调了肠道微生物群在介导宿主对环境变化的反应中的关键作用。因此，未来的研究应侧重于阐明特定的毒理学途径，如肠道器官轴，调查污染物的跨代效应，并开发基于益生菌的策略，以增强水产养殖的复原力和可持续性。

{"title":"Effects of environmental factors on host-microbiota interactions in the guts of aquatic organisms: A review","authors":"Deok-Seo Yoon , Jin-Hyoung Kim , Il-Chan Kim , Youji Wang , Zhou Yang , Min-Chul Lee , Jae-Seong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic environments are dynamic systems where multiple factors influence the intricate interactions between hosts and their gut microbiomes. This review explores how various stressors alter the gut microbiota of fish and aquatic invertebrates, by examining factors that include water characteristics, photoperiod, external pollutants such as heavy metals and microplastics, food availability, and practical aquaculture feed additives, for example, ethoxyquin. Across these diverse factors, common patterns emerge, including disruptions to microbial diversity, compromised gut barrier integrity, and the induction of oxidative stress. Conversely, beneficial additives like probiotics and astaxanthin are shown to mitigate these negative effects by reinforcing gut structure and modulating the microbial community. Collectively, these findings underscore the critical role of the gut microbiota in mediating host responses to environmental changes. Future research should therefore focus on elucidating specific toxicological pathways like the gut-organ axis, investigating the transgenerational effects of pollutants, and developing probiotic-based strategies to enhance the resilience and sustainability of aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145430110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developmental hepatotoxicity induced by flusilazole in zebrafish: Mechanistic insights into mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and regenerative impairment 氟美唑诱导斑马鱼发育性肝毒性：线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、铁下垂和再生损伤的机制

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110393

Hojun Lee , Jisoo Song , Garam An , Seung-Min Bae , Gwonhwa Song , Whasun Lim , Sunwoo Park

Flusilazole is a triazole-based fungicide that persists in various environments because of its high stability and solubility, raising concerns about its developmental and ecological impacts. Although numerous studies have reported flusilazole-induced toxicity, the specific effects and mechanisms of flusilazole-induced hepatotoxicity during development remain unclear. In this study, we examined the in vivo and in vitro toxicities in Danio rerio (zebrafish) and zebrafish-derived liver (ZFL) cells. Morphological changes in the liver and alterations in liver regeneration were evaluated using fabp10a:dsRed and fabp10a:CFP-NTR transgenic models. Flusilazole exposure was shown to deteriorate hepatic structure and regenerative capacity, with potential long-term consequences for aquatic organisms. Moreover, in ZFL cells, flusilazole treatment induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and disruption of calcium and iron homeostasis, leading to the induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis. Transcriptomic analysis supported these findings. Additionally, disturbances in ERK and Akt signaling indicated interference with pathways central to cell survival, growth, and tissue repair. Together, these findings establish that flusilazole exerts developmental hepatotoxic effects and highlight its potential hazards to ecosystems.

氟咪唑是一种基于三唑的杀菌剂，由于其高稳定性和溶解度，在各种环境中持续存在，引起了人们对其发育和生态影响的关注。尽管许多研究报道了氟拉唑诱导的毒性，但在发育过程中，氟拉唑诱导的肝毒性的具体作用和机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们检测了在斑马鱼和斑马鱼源性肝脏（ZFL）细胞中的体内和体外毒性。采用fabp10a:dsRed和fabp10a:CFP-NTR转基因模型评估肝脏形态学变化和肝脏再生的改变。氟西拉唑暴露被证明会使肝脏结构和再生能力恶化，对水生生物具有潜在的长期后果。此外，在ZFL细胞中，氟唑唑处理诱导氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、钙和铁稳态破坏，导致细胞凋亡和铁凋亡。转录组学分析支持了这些发现。此外，ERK和Akt信号的干扰表明细胞存活、生长和组织修复的核心途径受到干扰。综上所述，这些发现表明氟美唑具有发育性肝毒性作用，并强调了其对生态系统的潜在危害。

{"title":"Developmental hepatotoxicity induced by flusilazole in zebrafish: Mechanistic insights into mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and regenerative impairment","authors":"Hojun Lee , Jisoo Song , Garam An , Seung-Min Bae , Gwonhwa Song , Whasun Lim , Sunwoo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flusilazole is a triazole-based fungicide that persists in various environments because of its high stability and solubility, raising concerns about its developmental and ecological impacts. Although numerous studies have reported flusilazole-induced toxicity, the specific effects and mechanisms of flusilazole-induced hepatotoxicity during development remain unclear. In this study, we examined the <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> toxicities in <em>Danio rerio</em> (zebrafish) and zebrafish-derived liver (ZFL) cells. Morphological changes in the liver and alterations in liver regeneration were evaluated using <em>fabp10a:dsRed</em> and <em>fabp10a:CFP-NTR</em> transgenic models. Flusilazole exposure was shown to deteriorate hepatic structure and regenerative capacity, with potential long-term consequences for aquatic organisms. Moreover, in ZFL cells, flusilazole treatment induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and disruption of calcium and iron homeostasis, leading to the induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis. Transcriptomic analysis supported these findings. Additionally, disturbances in ERK and Akt signaling indicated interference with pathways central to cell survival, growth, and tissue repair. Together, these findings establish that flusilazole exerts developmental hepatotoxic effects and highlight its potential hazards to ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic cylindrospermopsin exposure impairs oocyte growth and maturation by stress-induced endocrine disruption and immune activation of NF-κB/TNF-α pathway in female zebrafish 慢性柱状精子蛋白酶暴露通过应激诱导的内分泌干扰和NF-κB/TNF-α通路的免疫激活，损害雌性斑马鱼卵母细胞的生长和成熟。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110387

Chayan Biswas, Madhuchhanda Adhikari, Kousik Pramanick

Cyanotoxins are one of the major threats to aquatic ecosystems due to their diverse toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Cylindrospermopsin is a globally reported freshwater cyanotoxin that exhibits hepatotoxic, cytotoxic, immunotoxic, and neurotoxic effects in teleosts; however, its harmful effects on reproductive health remain less explored. This study investigates the impacts of cylindrospermopsin on the reproductive endocrine and paracrine system, emphasising the HPGL axis of female zebrafish. Following 14 days of in-vivo cylindrospermopsin exposure, decreased gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices were observed. The number of fully grown (vitellogenic and post-vitellogenic) oocytes was decreased in treated groups, signifying oocyte growth impairments. Disruption of serum gonadotropin levels (FSH and LH) and steroid (17β-estradiol/testosterone) ratio was also observed, indicating the endocrine-disrupting effects of cylindrospermopsin. Following in-vitro cylindrospermopsin exposure for 8 h, increased GVBD was observed, representing early oocyte maturation. Besides endocrine regulation, stress-induced immune-activation of paracrine factors also regulates oocyte maturation. Subsequently, elevated lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity were observed in the ovary of exposed groups, which disrupts the expression of different steroidogenesis and antioxidant marker genes. This is followed by upregulated expression of paracrine factors: nf-κb, tnf-α and il-1β genes in the ovary, which further activates the apoptotic cascade in the CYN-treated oocytes by upregulating p53, bax, casp3 and suppressing bcl2 gene expression. This revealed that cylindrospermopsin is an effective endocrine disruptor that induces reproductive toxicity by promoting oxidative stress and inducing early oocyte maturation by immune-activation of the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway, emphasising the importance of deciphering its ecotoxicological risk.

蓝藻毒素对水生生物具有多种毒性作用，是水生生态系统的主要威胁之一。柱体精子素是一种全球报道的淡水藻毒素，对硬骨鱼具有肝毒性、细胞毒性、免疫毒性和神经毒性作用；然而，其对生殖健康的有害影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究探讨了柱精子素对雌性斑马鱼生殖内分泌和旁分泌系统的影响，重点研究了柱精子素对雌性斑马鱼生殖内分泌和旁分泌系统的影响。在体内暴露柱精子素14 天后，观察到促性腺和肝体指标下降。在治疗组中，完全生长的卵母细胞（卵黄形成和卵黄形成后）的数量减少，表明卵母细胞生长受损。还观察到血清促性腺激素水平（FSH和LH）和类固醇（17β-雌二醇/睾酮）比的破坏，表明柱精子素的内分泌干扰作用。体外柱精子素暴露8 h后，观察到GVBD增加，表明卵母细胞成熟提前。除了内分泌调节外，应激诱导的旁分泌因子免疫激活也调节卵母细胞成熟。随后，暴露组卵巢脂质过氧化和抗氧化活性升高，这破坏了不同类固醇生成和抗氧化标记基因的表达。随后，卵巢旁分泌因子nf-κb、tnf-α和il-1β基因表达上调，通过上调p53、bax、casp3，抑制bcl2基因表达，进一步激活cyn处理的卵母细胞凋亡级联反应。这表明，柱精子素是一种有效的内分泌干扰物，通过免疫激活NF-κB/TNF-α途径，促进氧化应激和诱导卵母细胞早期成熟，从而诱导生殖毒性，强调了破译其生态毒理学风险的重要性。

{"title":"Chronic cylindrospermopsin exposure impairs oocyte growth and maturation by stress-induced endocrine disruption and immune activation of NF-κB/TNF-α pathway in female zebrafish","authors":"Chayan Biswas, Madhuchhanda Adhikari, Kousik Pramanick","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyanotoxins are one of the major threats to aquatic ecosystems due to their diverse toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Cylindrospermopsin is a globally reported freshwater cyanotoxin that exhibits hepatotoxic, cytotoxic, immunotoxic, and neurotoxic effects in teleosts; however, its harmful effects on reproductive health remain less explored. This study investigates the impacts of cylindrospermopsin on the reproductive endocrine and paracrine system, emphasising the HPGL axis of female zebrafish. Following 14 days of <em>in-vivo</em> cylindrospermopsin exposure, decreased gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices were observed. The number of fully grown (vitellogenic and post-vitellogenic) oocytes was decreased in treated groups, signifying oocyte growth impairments. Disruption of serum gonadotropin levels (FSH and LH) and steroid (17β-estradiol/testosterone) ratio was also observed, indicating the endocrine-disrupting effects of cylindrospermopsin. Following <em>in-vitro</em> cylindrospermopsin exposure for 8 h, increased GVBD was observed, representing early oocyte maturation. Besides endocrine regulation, stress-induced immune-activation of paracrine factors also regulates oocyte maturation. Subsequently, elevated lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity were observed in the ovary of exposed groups, which disrupts the expression of different steroidogenesis and antioxidant marker genes. This is followed by upregulated expression of paracrine factors: <em>nf-κb</em>, <em>tnf-α</em> and <em>il-1β</em> genes in the ovary, which further activates the apoptotic cascade in the CYN-treated oocytes by upregulating <em>p53, bax, casp3</em> and suppressing <em>bcl2</em> gene expression. This revealed that cylindrospermopsin is an effective endocrine disruptor that induces reproductive toxicity by promoting oxidative stress and inducing early oocyte maturation by immune-activation of the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway, emphasising the importance of deciphering its ecotoxicological risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anti-sea lice products azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide effects on five coastal marine organisms 抗海虱产品偶氮硫磷和过氧化氢对五种沿海海洋生物的影响。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110392

Davide Asnicar , Benjamin de Jourdan

Azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide are active ingredients (AI) of formulations used as water-bath pesticides in Atlantic salmon aquaculture to remove ectoparasitic copepods. Despite their long-term use, unknowns and concerns are still present, particularly regarding the toxicity towards non-target commercially and ecologically important species in Atlantic Canada, and potential differences in toxicity between the AI and the formulated product.

Here, we tested the acute effects of azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide on five marine species. Hazard data (half maximal effective and lethal concentrations, respectively EC50 and LC50) were determined for 10 endpoints, assessed at various timepoints, during the exposure of Stage I larval American lobster Homarus americanus, green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis gametes, haemocytes and adults of blue mussel Mytilus edulis, common periwinkle snail Littorina littorea, and copepod Acartia tonsa.

To investigate whether formulations had the same effect as the AI, for azamethiphos, both the AI and the formulation (Salmosan® Vet) were tested. For hydrogen peroxide, potential differences in the toxicity of three formulations (purchased solutions 50 %, 35 %, and 3 %) were compared.

Results suggest no differences between the azamethiphos and Salmosan® Vet, with similar L/EC50 values. Little differences were found among the three hydrogen peroxide formulations. For azamethiphos, the most sensitive species was the American lobster, followed by sea urchin, whereas for hydrogen peroxide, sea urchin was the most sensitive, followed by A. tonsa. L. littorea was the least sensitive species tested. Overall, results showed that all the endpoints were greater than the Environmental Quality Standard previously determined for the two compounds.

Azamethiphos和过氧化氢是大西洋鲑鱼养殖中用于去除外寄生桡足类动物的水浴农药配方的活性成分。尽管它们长期使用，但未知因素和担忧仍然存在，特别是对加拿大大西洋地区非目标商业和生态重要物种的毒性，以及人工智能和配方产品之间毒性的潜在差异。在这里，我们测试了azamethiphos和过氧化氢对五种海洋物种的急性影响。在不同的时间点，测定了10个终点的危害数据（最大有效浓度和致死浓度的一半，分别为EC50和LC50），评估了暴露于美洲小龙虾（Homarus americanus）、绿海胆（strongylocentrrotus droebacachiensis）配子、蓝贻贝（Mytilus edulis）、常青螺（Littorina littorea）和桡足动物（Acartia tonsa）的I期幼虫。为了研究制剂是否与人工智能具有相同的效果，对噻虫磷进行了人工智能和制剂（Salmosan®Vet）的测试。对于过氧化氢，比较了三种配方（购买的溶液50 %，35 %和3 %）毒性的潜在差异。结果表明，azamethiphos和Salmosan®Vet之间没有差异，L/EC50值相似。三种过氧化氢配方之间差异不大。对偶氮硫磷最敏感的是美洲龙虾，其次是海胆；对双氧水最敏感的是海胆，其次是沙棘。littorea是最不敏感的物种。总体而言，结果表明所有终点都大于先前确定的两种化合物的环境质量标准。

{"title":"Anti-sea lice products azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide effects on five coastal marine organisms","authors":"Davide Asnicar , Benjamin de Jourdan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide are active ingredients (AI) of formulations used as water-bath pesticides in Atlantic salmon aquaculture to remove ectoparasitic copepods. Despite their long-term use, unknowns and concerns are still present, particularly regarding the toxicity towards non-target commercially and ecologically important species in Atlantic Canada, and potential differences in toxicity between the AI and the formulated product.</div><div>Here, we tested the acute effects of azamethiphos and hydrogen peroxide on five marine species. Hazard data (half maximal effective and lethal concentrations, respectively EC50 and LC50) were determined for 10 endpoints, assessed at various timepoints, during the exposure of Stage I larval American lobster <em>Homarus americanus</em>, green sea urchin <em>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</em> gametes, haemocytes and adults of blue mussel <em>Mytilus edulis</em>, common periwinkle snail <em>Littorina littorea</em>, and copepod <em>Acartia tonsa</em>.</div><div>To investigate whether formulations had the same effect as the AI, for azamethiphos, both the AI and the formulation (Salmosan® Vet) were tested. For hydrogen peroxide, potential differences in the toxicity of three formulations (purchased solutions 50 %, 35 %, and 3 %) were compared.</div><div>Results suggest no differences between the azamethiphos and Salmosan® Vet, with similar L/EC50 values. Little differences were found among the three hydrogen peroxide formulations. For azamethiphos, the most sensitive species was the American lobster, followed by sea urchin, whereas for hydrogen peroxide, sea urchin was the most sensitive, followed by <em>A. tonsa</em>. <em>L. littorea</em> was the least sensitive species tested. Overall, results showed that all the endpoints were greater than the Environmental Quality Standard previously determined for the two compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An updated transketolase activity assay to probe thiamine utilization in fish 一种更新的转酮醇酶活性测定法探测鱼体内硫胺素的利用。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110418

Katie A. Edwards , Dennis Kleiner , Banshika M. Mangal , Bhavna S. Sonare

Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency is causative of reproductive failures and population declines in lake trout, Atlantic salmon, and other predatory fish species. Transketolase (TKT) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose-phosphate pathway. TKT is critical for mediating the availability of sugars to return to glycolysis and for synthesizing NADPH and R5P, which are needed to maintain the cellular oxidation state and to produce biomolecules necessary for successful growth and reproduction. TKT activity provides a measure of functional thiamine availability since it requires thiamine diphosphate (TDP) as a coenzyme. Its activity is usually analyzed via a coupled enzyme reaction, including ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) and xylulose-5-phosphate (X5P) as substrates to permit the kinetic monitoring of the depletion of exogenous NADH. We developed a simplified, cost-effective procedure for quantifying TKT activity in fish liver to probe thiamine utilization and magnesium (Mg²⁺) dependence. Unlike previous protocols, the method omits costly X5P, relying instead on endogenous enzyme activity for in situ substrate generation. In two lake trout strains, TKT-specific activity correlated with TDP concentration while maximal activity reflected enzyme abundance and holoenzyme stability. By running samples with and without Mg²⁺ and over a range of TDP concentrations, the assay framework allows for distinguishing a Mg²⁺ limitation from a thiamine limitation and defines apparent EC₅₀ and V_max values. This simplified and tunable assay provides a tool for evaluation of thiamine-related metabolic resistance under dietary or environmental stress across fish populations and species.

硫胺素（维生素B1）缺乏会导致湖鳟、大西洋鲑鱼和其他掠食性鱼类的繁殖失败和种群减少。转酮醇酶（TKT）是戊糖-磷酸途径非氧化阶段的限速酶。TKT对于调节糖的可用性以返回糖酵解和合成NADPH和R5P至关重要，这是维持细胞氧化状态和产生成功生长和繁殖所需的生物分子所必需的。TKT活性提供了功能性硫胺素可用性的量度，因为它需要硫胺素二磷酸（TDP）作为辅酶。其活性通常通过偶联酶反应来分析，包括核糖-5-磷酸（R5P）和木醛糖-5-磷酸（X5P）作为底物，以允许动力学监测外源NADH的消耗。我们开发了一种简化的，具有成本效益的方法来定量鱼肝脏中TKT活性，以探测维生素B1（硫胺素）利用和镁（Mg2+）依赖。与以前的方案不同，该方法省略了昂贵的X5P，而是依靠内源性酶活性来原位生成底物。在两个湖鳟鱼品系中，tkt特异性活性与TDP浓度相关，最大活性反映了酶的丰度和全酶的稳定性。通过运行样品有和没有Mg2+和在TDP浓度范围内，分析框架允许区分Mg2+限制和硫胺素限制，并定义表观EC50和Vmax值。这种简化和可调的分析方法为评估鱼类种群和物种在饮食或环境胁迫下与硫胺素相关的代谢抗性提供了工具。

{"title":"An updated transketolase activity assay to probe thiamine utilization in fish","authors":"Katie A. Edwards , Dennis Kleiner , Banshika M. Mangal , Bhavna S. Sonare","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency is causative of reproductive failures and population declines in lake trout, Atlantic salmon, and other predatory fish species. Transketolase (TKT) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose-phosphate pathway. TKT is critical for mediating the availability of sugars to return to glycolysis and for synthesizing NADPH and R5P, which are needed to maintain the cellular oxidation state and to produce biomolecules necessary for successful growth and reproduction. TKT activity provides a measure of functional thiamine availability since it requires thiamine diphosphate (TDP) as a coenzyme. Its activity is usually analyzed via a coupled enzyme reaction, including ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) and xylulose-5-phosphate (X5P) as substrates to permit the kinetic monitoring of the depletion of exogenous NADH. We developed a simplified, cost-effective procedure for quantifying TKT activity in fish liver to probe thiamine utilization and magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) dependence. Unlike previous protocols, the method omits costly X5P, relying instead on endogenous enzyme activity for in situ substrate generation. In two lake trout strains, TKT-specific activity correlated with TDP concentration while maximal activity reflected enzyme abundance and holoenzyme stability. By running samples with and without Mg<sup>2+</sup> and over a range of TDP concentrations, the assay framework allows for distinguishing a Mg<sup>2+</sup> limitation from a thiamine limitation and defines apparent <em>EC</em><sub><em>50</em></sub> and <em>V</em><sub><em>max</em></sub> values. This simplified and tunable assay provides a tool for evaluation of thiamine-related metabolic resistance under dietary or environmental stress across fish populations and species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145647480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From metabolites to tissues: A comprehensive analysis of salinity-driven modulation of tetracycline effects in Mytilus galloprovincialis 从代谢物到组织：盐度驱动的四环素在加洛野贻贝中的调节作用的综合分析。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110383

Marta Cunha , Alessio Lenzi , Constança Figueiredo , Lucia De Marchi , Carla Leite , Tania Russo , Gianfranca Monni , Valentina Meucci , Amadeu M.V.M. Soares , Gianluca Polese , Eduarda Pereira , Carlo Pretti , Rosa Freitas

Environmental salinity shifts, intensified by climate change, can influence the toxicity of pollutants such as antibiotics in marine organisms. In this study, specimens of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed for 28 days to three salinity levels (20, 30, and 40) in the presence or absence of tetracycline (TC) (1 mg/L). At the end of the exposure period, the effects were evaluated using an integrated metabolomic, biochemical, and histopathological approach. Tetracycline bioaccumulation did not differ significantly across salinities, indicating that biological effects were driven by stressor interactions rather than uptake. Metabolomic profiling showed that salinity and salinity-TC combinations had stronger impacts than TC alone. At salinity 20, mussels exhibited early oxidative stress and metabolic adjustments, along with tissue atrophy and lipofuscin buildup. Mussels at salinity 30 displayed relative physiological stability despite moderate histological changes under TC. In contrast, salinity 40 caused severe cellular damage, including membrane remodeling, lipid peroxidation, depleted antioxidants, and neurotoxic responses. The integrated multi-level analysis revealed coordinated stress responses involving oxidative stress, altered energy metabolism, and detoxification. Overall, these findings highlight salinity 30 as the optimal condition for M. galloprovincialis and emphasize the synergistic effects of climate-driven salinity changes and antibiotic pollution, underscoring the need to account for abiotic stressors in ecotoxicological assessments.

由于气候变化而加剧的环境盐度变化可以影响海洋生物中抗生素等污染物的毒性。在这项研究中，在四环素（1 mg/L）存在或不存在的情况下，将贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）标本暴露在三种盐度水平（20、30和40）下28 天。在暴露期结束时，使用综合代谢组学、生化和组织病理学方法评估其影响。TC的生物积累在不同盐度下没有显著差异，表明生物效应是由应激源相互作用驱动的，而不是由吸收驱动的。代谢组学分析显示，盐度和盐度-TC组合比单独使用TC有更强的影响。盐度为20时，贻贝表现出早期的氧化应激和代谢调节，以及组织萎缩和脂褐素的积累。盐度为30的贻贝在TC下表现出相对的生理稳定性，但组织学变化不大。相反，盐度40引起严重的细胞损伤，包括膜重塑、脂质过氧化、抗氧化剂耗尽和神经毒性反应。综合多层次分析揭示了包括氧化应激、能量代谢改变和解毒在内的协调应激反应。总的来说，这些发现强调了盐度30是加洛省分枝杆菌生存的最佳条件，并强调了气候驱动的盐度变化和抗生素污染的协同效应，强调了在生态毒理学评估中考虑非生物应激源的必要性。

{"title":"From metabolites to tissues: A comprehensive analysis of salinity-driven modulation of tetracycline effects in Mytilus galloprovincialis","authors":"Marta Cunha , Alessio Lenzi , Constança Figueiredo , Lucia De Marchi , Carla Leite , Tania Russo , Gianfranca Monni , Valentina Meucci , Amadeu M.V.M. Soares , Gianluca Polese , Eduarda Pereira , Carlo Pretti , Rosa Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental salinity shifts, intensified by climate change, can influence the toxicity of pollutants such as antibiotics in marine organisms. In this study, specimens of the mussel <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em> were exposed for 28 days to three salinity levels (20, 30, and 40) in the presence or absence of tetracycline (TC) (1 mg/L). At the end of the exposure period, the effects were evaluated using an integrated metabolomic, biochemical, and histopathological approach. Tetracycline bioaccumulation did not differ significantly across salinities, indicating that biological effects were driven by stressor interactions rather than uptake. Metabolomic profiling showed that salinity and salinity-TC combinations had stronger impacts than TC alone. At salinity 20, mussels exhibited early oxidative stress and metabolic adjustments, along with tissue atrophy and lipofuscin buildup. Mussels at salinity 30 displayed relative physiological stability despite moderate histological changes under TC. In contrast, salinity 40 caused severe cellular damage, including membrane remodeling, lipid peroxidation, depleted antioxidants, and neurotoxic responses. The integrated multi-level analysis revealed coordinated stress responses involving oxidative stress, altered energy metabolism, and detoxification. Overall, these findings highlight salinity 30 as the optimal condition for <em>M. galloprovincialis</em> and emphasize the synergistic effects of climate-driven salinity changes and antibiotic pollution, underscoring the need to account for abiotic stressors in ecotoxicological assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145457878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of ammonia toxicity on aquatic organisms: Species-specific responses, microbial shifts, and environmental interactions 氨对水生生物的毒性研究综述：物种特异性反应、微生物转移和环境相互作用。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110388

Seong Chan Yun , Haksoo Jeong , Jin-Sol Lee , Jin-Hyoung Kim , Il-Chan Kim , Piotr Maszczyk , Zhou Yang , Atsushi Hagiwara , Jae-Seong Lee

Ammonia (NH₃) is a widespread environmental pollutant with significant ecological and physiological impacts on aquatic organisms. While ammonia plays a key role in nitrogen cycling, excessive amounts disrupt homeostasis and cause toxic effects in various species. Its toxicity is influenced by environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, and salinity, with un-ionized ammonia being especially harmful due to its high membrane permeability. High ammonia levels impair ion balance, disturb nitrogen metabolism, trigger oxidative stress, affect neurophysiological functions at the intracellular level. Furthermore, ammonia can damage vital tissues, eliciting species-specific differential responses (fish, invertebrates, and amphibians), and impair survival, development, reproductive ability, and even movement. In addition, ammonia can alter the microorganisms' composition and metabolic functions. These findings highlight a complex relationship between microbial changes and host health conditions. Therefore, this review can aid in understanding the profound toxicity of ammonia, which affects both organisms and microorganisms, while emphasizing the need for monitoring and management strategies. As climate change intensifies environmental variability, a more profound understanding of ammonia toxicity is essential for protecting aquatic biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem stability.

氨（NH3）是一种广泛存在的环境污染物，对水生生物具有重要的生态和生理影响。虽然氨在氮循环中起着关键作用，但过量的氨会破坏体内平衡并导致各种物种的毒性作用。其毒性受pH、温度、盐度等环境条件的影响，其中非离子化氨的膜透性高，危害特别大。高氨水平破坏离子平衡，扰乱氮代谢，引发氧化应激，影响细胞内神经生理功能。此外，氨可以损害重要组织，引起物种特异性差异反应（鱼类、无脊椎动物和两栖动物），并损害生存、发育、繁殖能力，甚至运动。此外，氨可以改变微生物的组成和代谢功能。这些发现强调了微生物变化与宿主健康状况之间的复杂关系。因此，本综述有助于了解氨的深层毒性，它影响生物体和微生物，同时强调监测和管理策略的必要性。随着气候变化加剧了环境的变异性，更深入地了解氨毒性对于保护水生生物多样性和维持生态系统稳定至关重要。

{"title":"A review of ammonia toxicity on aquatic organisms: Species-specific responses, microbial shifts, and environmental interactions","authors":"Seong Chan Yun , Haksoo Jeong , Jin-Sol Lee , Jin-Hyoung Kim , Il-Chan Kim , Piotr Maszczyk , Zhou Yang , Atsushi Hagiwara , Jae-Seong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) is a widespread environmental pollutant with significant ecological and physiological impacts on aquatic organisms. While ammonia plays a key role in nitrogen cycling, excessive amounts disrupt homeostasis and cause toxic effects in various species. Its toxicity is influenced by environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, and salinity, with un-ionized ammonia being especially harmful due to its high membrane permeability. High ammonia levels impair ion balance, disturb nitrogen metabolism, trigger oxidative stress, affect neurophysiological functions at the intracellular level. Furthermore, ammonia can damage vital tissues, eliciting species-specific differential responses (fish, invertebrates, and amphibians), and impair survival, development, reproductive ability, and even movement. In addition, ammonia can alter the microorganisms' composition and metabolic functions. These findings highlight a complex relationship between microbial changes and host health conditions. Therefore, this review can aid in understanding the profound toxicity of ammonia, which affects both organisms and microorganisms, while emphasizing the need for monitoring and management strategies. As climate change intensifies environmental variability, a more profound understanding of ammonia toxicity is essential for protecting aquatic biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0