Composites Part B: Engineering最新文献_第6页

Initial assessment of alternative carbon fiber geometries for design of cost-effective compressive performance: Size effect studies

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112181

Robert E. Norris , Brandon L. Ennis , Ryan J. Clarke , David A. Miller , Daniel D. Samborsky , Fue Xiong , Ernesto Camarena

Carbon fiber provides opportunity to reduce weight in structural composites, including wind turbine blades, due to the material's superior specific stiffness and specific strength compared to alternatives. Despite these advantages, cost and compressive performance are considered weaknesses for carbon fiber products available today. Studies to produce low-cost carbon fiber alternatives, including the use of textile-derived precursor systems, have shown progress and merit through the DOE/ORNL low-cost carbon fiber initiatives. This work focuses on enabling increases in compressive strength through design of the carbon fiber geometry, applicable to both textile and conventional precursor systems, while also providing opportunities to reduce carbon fiber processing costs. Fiber-resin interface and fiber alignment are among the most frequently cited factors controlling composite compressive performance. However, it is believed that there is opportunity in traditionally unexplored routes to increasing compressive strength through alteration of the carbon fiber geometry by increasing the fiber area moment of inertia and/or the fiber perimeter and interfacial area. This paper presents initial results from manufacturing carbon fiber materials to assess the impacts of carbon fiber size on tested composite compressive performance with projected neutral or even beneficial impact on fiber and composite manufacturing economics. Carbon fiber systems with increasing size illustrate a favorable correlation for compressive performance greater than predicted from a micromechanical failure model. The manufacturing and mechanical test results support the hypothesis of this work that alterations to fiber geometry can be used to produce improvements of the compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced polymers and provide incentive for related work in designing alternative shapes to further enhance compressive performance.

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引用次数: 0

Self-sensing composites with damage mapping using 3D carbon fibre grid

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112182

G. Jovarauskaite , G. Monastyreckis , L. Mishnaevsky Jr. , D. Zeleniakiene

Self-sensing composites are becoming a technological breakthrough in structural health monitoring of aircraft structures and wind turbine blades. In this study, sandwich-structured composites are developed with intersecting and non-intersecting 3D carbon fibre grids. Damage sensing of the first type is based on the integrity of fibre-to-fibre contacts. The second type is based on the carbon nanotube-modified glass fibre plies, working as a conducting layer for the non-intersecting carbon fibre grid. The experimental section consists of indentation, impact and delamination tests. The damage area and size are determined from the local electrical resistance deviation. Sensitivity results are compared between samples with 0.1–0.5 wt% carbon nanotube concentrations. Additionally, the method is supported by numerical analysis of electric potential gradient using finite element modelling. This innovative approach demonstrates the feasibility of using self-sensing composites for potential remote SHM applications. While further work is required to validate the method's accuracy and effectiveness under real-world conditions, the results highlight its potential to identify core indentation, puncture damage, and interlaminar delamination without external sensors, offering significant safety and maintenance planning advancements.

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引用次数: 0

Does the snow queen like black? Nanocarbon and biosilica-reinforced THV-based anti-icing sponges

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112153

Emil Korczeniewski , Paweł Bryk , Ewa Olewnik – Kruszkowska , Piotr Kowalczyk , Agnieszka Z. Wilczewska , Karolina H. Markiewicz , Sławomir Boncel , Samer Al-Gharabli , Myroslav Sprynskyy , Michał Świdziński , Dariusz J. Smoliński , Kazunori Fujisawa , Takuya Hayashi , Przemysław Płóciennik , Joanna Kujawa , Artur P. Terzyk

New superhydrophobic, anti-icing tetrafluorethylene-hexafluorpropylene-vinylidenfluoride terpolymer (THV)-based materials: nonporous solids as well as porous sponges were created and deeply characterized using thermal analysis, spectroscopy, resistivity measurements, cyclic compression tests, and confocal microscopy. Single walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs), biosilica (BS) as well as carbonized biosilica (CB) were applied as fillers. The “combined” origin of superhydrophobicity is explained based on experimental water contact angles (WCA) and molecular dynamics (MD) as well as Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) analysis. For all materials thermal resistance is improved after the addition of fillers, but among the studied samples only for the sample containing SWCNHs the application of electrothermal/Joule heating to reinforce anti-icing properties is possible. We propose a new forcefield for MD simulation of THV wetting. Moreover, MD results revealed that water freezing at the “flat” THV surface was moderately inhibited with respect to the bulk freezing and considerably inhibited with respect to the graphene surface. Introduction of SWCNHs to THV causes not only remarkable improvement of mechanical properties but also the improvement of anti-icing properties, especially to the stage of recalescence. The comparison of results for porous and nonporous materials led to new correlations describing freezing on the cold plate process, being a starting point for future studies on a new model describing the freezing mechanism. The most important conclusion of the complex study (around 100 samples altogether) is that the creation of mechanically resistant THV-SWCNHs-containing sponges is the most promising strategy in modern anti-icing science leading not only to enhancement of the compression Young's modulus and the time to recalescence, but also to the drop of freezing temperature.

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引用次数: 0

Sulfur-driven reactive processing of multiscale graphene/carbon fiber- polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites with tailored crystallinity and enhanced mechanical performance

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112180

Emile Motta de Castro , Farshad Bozorgmehrian , Mia Carrola , Hilmar Koerner , Hamidreza Samouei , Amir Asadi

The development of high-performance polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites often encounters manufacturing challenges such as porosity, difficulty in wetting fibers, low crystallinity, and poor interfacial adhesion, stemming from PEEK's high melt viscosity and chemically stable structure. While numerous studies have aimed to enhance fiber-resin compatibility in PEEK using novel sizing agents made of thermally stable miscible thermoplastics, this study explores a promising alternative: reactive processing to chemically modify the PEEK matrix. Utilizing elemental sulfur to foster chain scission and crosslinking within the resin and to modify the surface chemistry of carbon fibers, our research investigates the effectiveness of sulfur as a simple additive in carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CF-PEEK) composites to improve crystallinity and mechanical performance. Leveraging PEEK's high processing temperatures, the study explores in-situ chemical modification during the melt phase, incorporating sulfur via spray coating alongside graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) functionalized with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). This approach evaluates sulfur's impact across different filler scales and establishes the reaction conditions necessary for chemical modifications of PEEK and carbon fibers. Our findings indicate that trace amounts of sulfur (0.05 wt% or less) increase the flexural strength from 780 to 800 MPa reaching ∼900 MPa without affecting interlaminar shear performance. The trace amount of sulfur can also improve the degree of crystallinity by 10% in multiscale CNC:GNP–CF–PEEK composites and diminish the effects of poor dispersion and agglomeration in added GNPs. Sulfur's ability to reduce melt viscosity through a chain scission mechanism synergizes with GNP's capacity to boost crystallization rates via improved surface nucleation.

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引用次数: 0

Toolpath generation for high density spatial fiber printing guided by principal stresses

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112154

Tianyu Zhang , Tao Liu , Neelotpal Dutta, Yongxue Chen, Renbo Su, Zhizhou Zhang, Weiming Wang, Charlie C.L. Wang

While multi-axis 3D printing can align continuous fibers along principal stresses in continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) composites to enhance mechanical strength, existing methods have difficulty generating toolpaths with high fiber coverage. This is mainly due to the orientation consistency constraints imposed by vector-field-based methods and the turbulent stress fields around stress concentration regions. This paper addresses these challenges by introducing a 2-RoSy representation for computing the direction field, which is then converted into a periodic scalar field to generate partial iso-curves for fiber toolpaths with nearly equal hatching distance. To improve fiber coverage in stress-concentrated regions, such as around holes, we extend the quaternion-based method for curved slicing by incorporating winding compatibility considerations. Our proposed method can achieve toolpaths coverage between 87.5% and 90.6% by continuous fibers with 1.1 mm width. Specimens fabricated using our toolpaths show up to 84.6% improvement in failure load and 54.4% increase in stiffness when compared to the results obtained from multi-axis 3D printing with sparser fibers.

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引用次数: 0

Transient temperature measurements in a ballistic impact experiment on a thermoplastic composite material

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112157

Alexander I.G. Savadelis , J. Michael Pereira , Bryan E. Schmidt

Dynamic impact tests were conducted on thermoplastic composite laminates over an impact velocity range spanning the penetration velocity threshold, 88% of the penetration velocity, and 34% of the penetration velocity of the test panels. The primary objective was to record temperature increases that could affect the material properties of the composite during an impact event, and if so, provide guidance to predictive models which may account for such temperature rises. Observations from a combination of high-speed visible light photogrammetry coupled with high-speed infrared thermography indicate that it is highly unlikely that the composite reaches the glass transition temperature of 147°C during a non-penetrative impact event. From high-speed infrared imaging of the cross section, a maximum temperature of 106°C occurred due to a transverse wave generated at impact traveling through the composite panel rather than at the point of maximum deformation.

引用次数: 0

Nanocell-structured carbon nanotube composite fibers for ultrahigh energy and power density supercapacitors

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112179

Dongju Lee , Junghwan Kim , Chae Won Kim , Jeong-Gil Kim , Se Eun Jung , So Jeong Heo , Byeong Woo Im , Nam Dong Kim , Seo Gyun Kim , Yuanzhe Piao , Bon-Cheol Ku

The increasing demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage emphasizes the need for enhanced supercapacitors. While supercapacitors are characterized by high power density, long lifespan, and rapid charge/discharge rates, their low energy density restricts broader applications. This study introduces a novel strategy to develop high-performance supercapacitors utilizing a fiber-type nanoscale electrochemical cell structure. Liquid crystalline wet-spinning was used to produce highly conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) composite fibers with polyaniline (PANI), active material. The PANI was grafted with CNT via Ullmann-type C–N coupling to provide enhanced chemical stability and low interfacial resistance, resulting in superior electrochemical performance. This structure ensures uniform PANI distribution across the fiber, facilitating the formation of nanoscale electrochemical cell. This allows most of the PANI, even the PANI present inside the fiber, to participate in the electrochemical reactions. Therefore, the composite fiber exhibits a specific capacitance of 1714 F g⁻¹ (at 1 A g⁻¹), an energy density of 820 mW h cm^⁻3 (418 W h kg⁻¹), and a power density of 1150 W cm^⁻3 (587 kW kg⁻¹). Moreover, the device also exhibits excellent stability, retaining nearly 100 % of its initial capacitance after 100,000 charge/discharge cycles and enduring over 10,000 mechanical deformations. This approach provides a novel approach for durable, nanocell-based high-performance supercapacitors, advancing sustainable energy storage technologies.

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引用次数: 0

Biomimetic multifunctional composites mimicking the vertical structure of forest for high-performance Janus-faced electromagnetic interference shielding

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112167

Guoyu Yang , Shuo Cheng , Xuming Yao , Yuan Tian , Qi Zhao , Junzhen Chen , Yujun Li , Jianjun Jiang

Inspired by the vertical structure of forests, a Ti₃C₂T_x MXene–short carbon fiber/carbonyl iron/polyurethane composite with a typical “forest-ground” heterogeneous structure was developed. These biomimetic composites comprised a hybrid foam with parallel bramble-like porous microstructures and an MXene film with a layered microstructure. The asymmetric electrical conductivity, provided by the “forest-ground” heterostructure, imparts distinct composite Janus-faced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. In the X-band, the composite demonstrated an average total EMI shielding effectiveness (SE_T) of 55.1 dB, which highlights its superior EMI shielding performance. When the electromagnetic (EM) waves were incident from the hybrid foam, the shielding mechanism was absorption-dominated, with a reflection-shielding effectiveness (SE_R) of 2.6 dB and a reflection coefficient of 0.45, which corresponds to just 45 % of the incident waves being reflected. This performance is attributed to the synergistic “loss-reflection-loss” effect, multiple scattering, and diverse EM dissipation mechanisms within the hybrid foam. In contrast, when the EM waves were incident from the MXene film, the composite exhibited a reflection-dominated EMI shielding performance, with an SE_R of 10.6 dB and a reflection coefficient of 0.9, reflecting 90 % of the incident waves. Furthermore, the composite exhibited outstanding mechanical properties with a compressive strength of 2.04 MPa and an elastic modulus of 4.14 MPa. It also demonstrated excellent thermal insulation performance (0.490 W m⁻¹K⁻¹) and hydrophobicity. This study highlights an effective strategy for creating unique multifunctional Janus-faced EMI shielding materials, expanding their potential for application in complex environments, such as at high-temperatures, beyond the conventional EMI shielding materials.

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引用次数: 0

Modulating crystal structure and lithium-ion storage performance of high-entropy oxide (CrMnFeCoNiZn)3O4 by single element extraction

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112175

Yanni Li , Baobao Wang , Yulin Wang , Runguo Zheng , Zhishuang Song , Zhiyuan Wang , Yanguo Liu , Dan Wang

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have attracted attention as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), offering tunable element composition, desirable kinetic stability and entropy stabilization. Although the advantages of HEOs anodes with a high-entropy effect have been demonstrated, the impact of each element in certain HEOs is rarely discussed. In this work, a series of HEOs which is a pure spinel structure and a main spinel structure accompanied with an extra secondary rock-salt phase are obtained by single-element extraction based on the spinel-type HEO (CrMnFeCoNiZn)₃O₄. It is demonstrated that the element composition of HEOs plays a key role in the phase structure and electrochemical performance. For the structure, the high valence state cation (Cr, Mn, Fe) is essential for forming the purity spinel phase HEOs. For the electrochemical performance, a portion of Zn and Ni in the HEOs remains in the metal state after the first redox process, which plays a role in stabilizing the structural framework. The introduction of Fe is essential for capacity enhancement. Among the as-prepared HEOs, the (CrMnFeCoNiZn)₃O₄-(Cr) exhibits the most favorable lithium-ion storage performance, delivering an excellent specific capacity of 667.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ after 350 cycles. This work offers a useful strategy for designing elementary HEOs in the energy storage field.

{"title":"Modulating crystal structure and lithium-ion storage performance of high-entropy oxide (CrMnFeCoNiZn)3O4 by single element extraction","authors":"Yanni Li , Baobao Wang , Yulin Wang , Runguo Zheng , Zhishuang Song , Zhiyuan Wang , Yanguo Liu , Dan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have attracted attention as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), offering tunable element composition, desirable kinetic stability and entropy stabilization. Although the advantages of HEOs anodes with a high-entropy effect have been demonstrated, the impact of each element in certain HEOs is rarely discussed. In this work, a series of HEOs which is a pure spinel structure and a main spinel structure accompanied with an extra secondary rock-salt phase are obtained by single-element extraction based on the spinel-type HEO (CrMnFeCoNiZn)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. It is demonstrated that the element composition of HEOs plays a key role in the phase structure and electrochemical performance. For the structure, the high valence state cation (Cr, Mn, Fe) is essential for forming the purity spinel phase HEOs. For the electrochemical performance, a portion of Zn and Ni in the HEOs remains in the metal state after the first redox process, which plays a role in stabilizing the structural framework. The introduction of Fe is essential for capacity enhancement. Among the as-prepared HEOs, the (CrMnFeCoNiZn)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-(Cr) exhibits the most favorable lithium-ion storage performance, delivering an excellent specific capacity of 667.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> after 350 cycles. This work offers a useful strategy for designing elementary HEOs in the energy storage field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 112175"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements in monomers and reinforcements of unsaturated polyester composites: Traditional, bio-based, and flame-retardant types

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112171

Fukai Chu, Yandong Hu, Weizhao Hu, Lei Song, Yuan Hu

Unsaturated polyester Resins (UPR) are crucial in modern materials science due to their versatility, mechanical properties, and ease of processing. They find extensive applications in industries ranging from automotive to construction. This review comprehensively explores the diverse range of monomers and reinforcements used in UPR composites, emphasizing the significance of these monomers and reinforcements in tailoring the properties of UPR. For monomers used in UPR synthesis, the review emphasizing traditional, bio-based, halogen-containing flame-retardant, and phosphorus-based flame-retardant monomers. Bio-based monomers are gaining attention due to their potential to reduce dependency on petroleum resources and their lower environmental impact. The review discusses various bio-based and flame-retardant alternatives for diols, diacids and diluents, highlighting their role in advancing sustainable and fire safety polymer technology. The use of fiber and nano reinforcements for UPR composites are also summarized. The review focuses on the advantages and challenges of natural fibers compared to traditional glass and carbon fibers, and analyze different surface modification method for simultaneously improving interfacial compatibility and flame-retardant performance of UPR composites. In addition, nano flame-retardant reinforcements for UPR composites are highlighted in this review, due to the increasingly widespread use of nanomaterials in high-performance polymer composites. In summary, this review provides a detailed examination of monomer and reinforcements categories, reflecting their significance in advancing the high performance and sustainability in UPR composites. The discussion underscores the ongoing innovations and future directions in the field, aiming to address both functional and environmental challenges.

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引用次数: 0