Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112362
Ran He , Xiaofei Zhu , Honggang Li , Changxing Zhang , Wanhong Yu , Guifang Li , Li Yang , Yichun Zhou
Ultra-high-temperature HfTaC2 solid solution ceramics are promised as coating materials for thermal protection systems of space vehicles due to their ultrahigh melting point and high modulus. However, the inherent brittleness of HfTaC2 ceramic significantly limits its applications in the aerospace field. To solve this problem, a silicon carbide whisker toughened HfTaC2 composite was fabricated by a one-step spark plasma sintering method. The mechanical properties and ablation resistance of the SiCw-HfTaC2 composites were investigated, respectively. The results shows that the introduction of 30 vol% SiCw increased its fracture toughness from 2.67 MPa m1/2 to 5.33 MPa m1/2 due to the hindering effect of whiskers on crack propagation. The ablation resistance of SiCw-HfTaC2 composites is superior to that of HfTaC2 ceramic under the heat flux density of 2.38 MW/m2. Since SiO2 glass generated by the oxidation of SiCw could fill the micropores in the Hf-Ta-O ablation layer, thereby a dense Hf-Ta-Si-O oxygen diffusion barrier layer was induced to be formed on the surface of SiCw-HfTaC2 composites during ablation. Compared to HfTaC2 ceramic, the mass ablation rate (0.44 mg s−1) and linear ablation rate (−2.17 μm s−1) of the 30 vol% SiCw-HfTaC2 composite were decreased by 35.3 % and 57.2 %, which also were lowest than that of 10, 20, 40 vol% SiCw-HfTaC2 composites, respectively.
{"title":"SiCw toughened HfTaC2 composites prepared by a one-step spark plasma sintering method: An effective strategy for synchronous enhanced mechanical and ablation resistance","authors":"Ran He , Xiaofei Zhu , Honggang Li , Changxing Zhang , Wanhong Yu , Guifang Li , Li Yang , Yichun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-high-temperature HfTaC<sub>2</sub> solid solution ceramics are promised as coating materials for thermal protection systems of space vehicles due to their ultrahigh melting point and high modulus. However, the inherent brittleness of HfTaC<sub>2</sub> ceramic significantly limits its applications in the aerospace field. To solve this problem, a silicon carbide whisker toughened HfTaC<sub>2</sub> composite was fabricated by a one-step spark plasma sintering method. The mechanical properties and ablation resistance of the SiC<sub>w</sub>-HfTaC<sub>2</sub> composites were investigated, respectively. The results shows that the introduction of 30 vol% SiC<sub>w</sub> increased its fracture toughness from 2.67 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup> to 5.33 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup> due to the hindering effect of whiskers on crack propagation. The ablation resistance of SiC<sub>w</sub>-HfTaC<sub>2</sub> composites is superior to that of HfTaC<sub>2</sub> ceramic under the heat flux density of 2.38 MW/m<sup>2</sup>. Since SiO<sub>2</sub> glass generated by the oxidation of SiC<sub>w</sub> could fill the micropores in the Hf-Ta-O ablation layer, thereby a dense Hf-Ta-Si-O oxygen diffusion barrier layer was induced to be formed on the surface of SiC<sub>w</sub>-HfTaC<sub>2</sub> composites during ablation. Compared to HfTaC<sub>2</sub> ceramic, the mass ablation rate (0.44 mg s<sup>−1</sup>) and linear ablation rate (−2.17 μm s<sup>−1</sup>) of the 30 vol% SiC<sub>w</sub>-HfTaC<sub>2</sub> composite were decreased by 35.3 % and 57.2 %, which also were lowest than that of 10, 20, 40 vol% SiC<sub>w</sub>-HfTaC<sub>2</sub> composites, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112362"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112366
Kaixian Lin , Xin Gou , Wei Luo , Pei Li , Chao Zhang , Shipan Lang , Yongxin Xie , Aimin Chang , Pengjun Zhao , Jun Yang
Resistive flexible strain sensors have attracted widespread attention in the field of wearable bioelectronics due to their simple structure and low cost. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the fields of resistive flexible strain sensors with a wide sensing range and high sensitivity, however, their long-term durability in epidermal sensing applications remains a challenge. Common methods of constructing protective layers often lead to unavoidable interlayer interactions, which adversely affect both hysteresis and stability of the sensor. This paper reports a stretchable strain sensor with a Ravioli Pasta structure (RPS) via dual-electrospinning nanofibers and spraying carbon nanotubes, in which the sensing composites with an island-bridge microcrack structure is embedded within a nanofiber film. This design provides three-dimensional restoring forces to aid the healing of microcracks, minimizing the impact of interlayer interactions between the sensing and protective layers, as well as within the protective layer itself, on the sensor performance. In wearable device applications, the flexible strain sensor maintains fast response speed (24 ms) and excellent repeatability (∼12,000 cycles) under 50 % strain, with high sensitivity (GF = 37.38) and low hysteresis (γ = 3.568 %), and is successfully used for real-time physiological signal monitoring and robotic hand control.
{"title":"Island-bridge microcracks with nanofiber and carbon nanotube composites for high-performance flexible strain sensors","authors":"Kaixian Lin , Xin Gou , Wei Luo , Pei Li , Chao Zhang , Shipan Lang , Yongxin Xie , Aimin Chang , Pengjun Zhao , Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resistive flexible strain sensors have attracted widespread attention in the field of wearable bioelectronics due to their simple structure and low cost. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the fields of resistive flexible strain sensors with a wide sensing range and high sensitivity, however, their long-term durability in epidermal sensing applications remains a challenge. Common methods of constructing protective layers often lead to unavoidable interlayer interactions, which adversely affect both hysteresis and stability of the sensor. This paper reports a stretchable strain sensor with a Ravioli Pasta structure (RPS) via dual-electrospinning nanofibers and spraying carbon nanotubes, in which the sensing composites with an island-bridge microcrack structure is embedded within a nanofiber film. This design provides three-dimensional restoring forces to aid the healing of microcracks, minimizing the impact of interlayer interactions between the sensing and protective layers, as well as within the protective layer itself, on the sensor performance. In wearable device applications, the flexible strain sensor maintains fast response speed (24 ms) and excellent repeatability (∼12,000 cycles) under 50 % strain, with high sensitivity (GF = 37.38) and low hysteresis (γ = 3.568 %), and is successfully used for real-time physiological signal monitoring and robotic hand control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112366"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112364
Shuyao Liu , Ming Lu , Meihua Zhang , Xiaoqin Hu , Xiaoqing Sun , Bin Luo , Yao Wu
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated redox imbalance stands as an important factor contributing to the pathological bone loss, which is characterized by osteoclast hyperactivation and inflammatory activation. Developing ROS-scavenging nanocatalysts emerges as an intriguing strategy to regulate redox balance and bone homeostasis. Herein, this study reveals that Mn-atom-modulation strategy could introduce oxygen vacancy defects and further regulate electronic structure of CeO2 nanocatalysts with an increased ratio of Ce3+/Ce4+ (named Mn@CeO2), which promote electron redistribution and enhance comprehensive ROS-scavenging performances. Consequently, the Mn@CeO2 nanocatalysts show significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis activity and ameliorate the inflammatory state through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Notably, exogenous supplementation of Mn element can promote the osteogenesis activation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Both in vitro/vivo evaluations, this proposed bistimulatory strategy significantly facilitate pathological bone reconstruction via macrophage polarization, osteoclastogenesis inhibition, and osteogenesis activation. This work not only proposes versatile nanocatalysts for pathological bone therapy but also provides novel solution to develop biocatalytic metal oxides through rational regulation of electronic structure.
{"title":"Manganese empowered electronic modulated nanocatalysts facilitate bone reconstruction via osteoclastogenesis inhibition and osteogenesis activation bistimulatory strategy","authors":"Shuyao Liu , Ming Lu , Meihua Zhang , Xiaoqin Hu , Xiaoqing Sun , Bin Luo , Yao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated redox imbalance stands as an important factor contributing to the pathological bone loss, which is characterized by osteoclast hyperactivation and inflammatory activation. Developing ROS-scavenging nanocatalysts emerges as an intriguing strategy to regulate redox balance and bone homeostasis. Herein, this study reveals that Mn-atom-modulation strategy could introduce oxygen vacancy defects and further regulate electronic structure of CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocatalysts with an increased ratio of Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Ce<sup>4+</sup> (named Mn@CeO<sub>2</sub>), which promote electron redistribution and enhance comprehensive ROS-scavenging performances. Consequently, the Mn@CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocatalysts show significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis activity and ameliorate the inflammatory state through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Notably, exogenous supplementation of Mn element can promote the osteogenesis activation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Both in vitro/vivo evaluations, this proposed bistimulatory strategy significantly facilitate pathological bone reconstruction via macrophage polarization, osteoclastogenesis inhibition, and osteogenesis activation. This work not only proposes versatile nanocatalysts for pathological bone therapy but also provides novel solution to develop biocatalytic metal oxides through rational regulation of electronic structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112364"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112359
Rui Chen , Yageng Bai , Yuxuan Gu , Yifan Wang , Yashu He , Yuqing Zou , Xiangxing Zeng , Zetong Ma , Cheng Wang , Jianxin Mu , Xudong Chen
The development of high-performance thermal conductivity (TC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites is crucial in advancing technologies like AI and 5G, as these materials are key to managing heat and protecting against EMI in modern electronic devices. In this work, we present an anchored structure polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite consisting of a lattice structure MWCNTs/PEEK and with a core-shell structure (NH2-GnPs@Ag&MWCNTs)@PBZ/PEEK particles confined within the lattice and fabricated by laminate processing. This unique configuration establishes dual transport pathways for both phonons and electrons, creating a more robust and homogeneous thermal conduction network compared to conventional segregated structures, while maintaining effective charge carrier transport. The anchored structure composites with 14.13 % filler content achieved TC optimums of 4.36 W m−1K−1 in-plane and 2.71 W m−1K−1 through plane, which are 1178 % and 1896 % better than those of pure PEEK. The dense anchored structure network, polybenzoxazine (PBZ) interfacial modification, and the heterostructure NH2-GnPs@Ag work synergistically to enhance the efficient transport of phonons and electrons while reducing interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). Furthermore, the anchored structure composites demonstrate outstanding EMI shielding capability (59.05 dB, 14.13 %), thermal stability, and thermal management performance. Finite element modeling further confirms that the anchored structure promotes phonon/electron transport and effectively attenuates EMI waves.
{"title":"Overcoming the uniform heat transfer network construction trade-off in anchored structure composites with electromagnetic shielding performance","authors":"Rui Chen , Yageng Bai , Yuxuan Gu , Yifan Wang , Yashu He , Yuqing Zou , Xiangxing Zeng , Zetong Ma , Cheng Wang , Jianxin Mu , Xudong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance thermal conductivity (TC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites is crucial in advancing technologies like AI and 5G, as these materials are key to managing heat and protecting against EMI in modern electronic devices. In this work, we present an anchored structure polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite consisting of a lattice structure MWCNTs/PEEK and with a core-shell structure (NH<sub>2</sub>-GnPs@Ag&MWCNTs)@PBZ/PEEK particles confined within the lattice and fabricated by laminate processing. This unique configuration establishes dual transport pathways for both phonons and electrons, creating a more robust and homogeneous thermal conduction network compared to conventional segregated structures, while maintaining effective charge carrier transport. The anchored structure composites with 14.13 % filler content achieved TC optimums of 4.36 W m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup> in-plane and 2.71 W m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup> through plane, which are 1178 % and 1896 % better than those of pure PEEK. The dense anchored structure network, polybenzoxazine (PBZ) interfacial modification, and the heterostructure NH<sub>2</sub>-GnPs@Ag work synergistically to enhance the efficient transport of phonons and electrons while reducing interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). Furthermore, the anchored structure composites demonstrate outstanding EMI shielding capability (59.05 dB, 14.13 %), thermal stability, and thermal management performance. Finite element modeling further confirms that the anchored structure promotes phonon/electron transport and effectively attenuates EMI waves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112359"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112341
Eugene Kheng , Royan D’Mello , Anthony Waas
The tensile fatigue response of notched twill textile composites is studied in this investigation. The goal is to evaluate the effect of a notch of fixed size and its placement (with respect to the textile’s mesostructure), on the tensile fatigue response, thereby showing that scale effects are important in understanding and explaining the obtained experimental results. Load-controlled fatigue experiments, supplemented with the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to monitor strains, are conducted. A finite element based fatigue damage model is presented to model matrix degradation and the fatigue response of the twill textile composite. Based on the experimental results, we can distinguish between two types of fatigue response — fatigue resistant (FR) and fatigue susceptible (FS). Because the size of the notch is comparable to the characteristic geometric length scales of the mesostructure, its placement with respect to the mesostructure affects the overall damage evolution and fatigue life across these two families of specimens. The finite element model is shown to reproduce the key features observed in the experiments.
{"title":"Scale dependent effects on the fatigue response of woven textile composites","authors":"Eugene Kheng , Royan D’Mello , Anthony Waas","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tensile fatigue response of notched twill textile composites is studied in this investigation. The goal is to evaluate the effect of a notch of fixed size and its placement (with respect to the textile’s mesostructure), on the tensile fatigue response, thereby showing that scale effects are important in understanding and explaining the obtained experimental results. Load-controlled fatigue experiments, supplemented with the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to monitor strains, are conducted. A finite element based fatigue damage model is presented to model matrix degradation and the fatigue response of the twill textile composite. Based on the experimental results, we can distinguish between two types of fatigue response — fatigue resistant (FR) and fatigue susceptible (FS). Because the size of the notch is comparable to the characteristic geometric length scales of the mesostructure, its placement with respect to the mesostructure affects the overall damage evolution and fatigue life across these two families of specimens. The finite element model is shown to reproduce the key features observed in the experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112341"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112357
Ziyi Gong, Bin Tian, Ke Zheng, Weinan Tang, Xiao Chen, Quancai Li, Bo Wen, Wei Wu
Flexible temperature sensor arrays (FTSAs) are critical in applications such as biomedical monitoring and environmental assessment due to their capacity to capture local temperature changes. However, developing FTSAs with high sensitivity, high sensing density, and large scalability remains a daunting challenge. Herein, a novel composite ink with a dual polymer matrix that facilitates the fabrication of high-performance flexible temperature sensors is developed. Taking the advantage of screen-printing technology, flexible temperature sensors with a minimum side length of 500 μm are fabricated. Furthermore, an ultrahigh-density and large-scale FTSA with up to 2500 units (50 × 50) is developed, accompanied by a real-time data acquisition system to achieve heat source localization and thermal imaging. Within the temperature range of 25–40 °C, the sensor demonstrates the highest temperature coefficient of resistance of 14.4 %/°C, excellent resolution of 0.1 °C, superior thermal cycling stability (1000 cycles), and insensitivity to additional stimuli such as bending, humidity, pressure, and vibration, demonstrating applications in respiratory monitoring and temperature monitoring. These results provide a novel idea for temperature monitoring in applications such as pet temperature monitoring, electronic skin (e-skin) and smart skin for aircraft.
{"title":"Temperature-sensitive dual-matrix composite ink for ultrahigh-density and large-scale flexible temperature microsensor array","authors":"Ziyi Gong, Bin Tian, Ke Zheng, Weinan Tang, Xiao Chen, Quancai Li, Bo Wen, Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible temperature sensor arrays (FTSAs) are critical in applications such as biomedical monitoring and environmental assessment due to their capacity to capture local temperature changes. However, developing FTSAs with high sensitivity, high sensing density, and large scalability remains a daunting challenge. Herein, a novel composite ink with a dual polymer matrix that facilitates the fabrication of high-performance flexible temperature sensors is developed. Taking the advantage of screen-printing technology, flexible temperature sensors with a minimum side length of 500 μm are fabricated. Furthermore, an ultrahigh-density and large-scale FTSA with up to 2500 units (50 × 50) is developed, accompanied by a real-time data acquisition system to achieve heat source localization and thermal imaging. Within the temperature range of 25–40 °C, the sensor demonstrates the highest temperature coefficient of resistance of 14.4 %/°C, excellent resolution of 0.1 °C, superior thermal cycling stability (1000 cycles), and insensitivity to additional stimuli such as bending, humidity, pressure, and vibration, demonstrating applications in respiratory monitoring and temperature monitoring. These results provide a novel idea for temperature monitoring in applications such as pet temperature monitoring, electronic skin (e-skin) and smart skin for aircraft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112357"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112363
Yaqiong Liu , Yuqing Shang , Zhen Wang , Hongxia Gao , Nana Jin , Weihao Zhang , Huoyun Shen , Shaolan Sun , Dongzhi Wang , Zhiwei Wang , Xiaosong Gu , Yumin Yang , Guicai Li
Microspheres have been extensively employed as drug delivery systems within the realm of tissue engineering, owing to their remarkable controlled release capabilities. The inherent properties of microspheres, with respect to size and structure, endow them with the ability to form tiny porous network architectures. These architectures can serve as platforms for the delivery of growth factors, drugs, or nanoscale materials, thereby progressively emerging as fundamental constituents in the fabrication of tissue regeneration scaffolds. In the domain of neural tissue engineering, microspheres represent ideal carriers, as they are capable of furnishing multifactorial cues during nerve tissue repair. Such cues encompass the delivery of chemical signals essential for neuronal communication, the conveyance of biological factors conducive to axon outgrowth, and the responsiveness to physical stimulations. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and systematic work summary regarding the application of microspheres in neural tissue engineering remains scarce. Consequently, in this review, we initially conduct a systematic overview of the preparation methodologies, optimization strategies in terms of smart responsiveness, and characterization techniques of diverse microspheres. Additionally, we further consolidate the application of microsphere-based scaffolds in the remediation of nerve injuries, including traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. Finally, the challenges and prospective directions pertaining to microspheres in tissue engineering are deliberated. The current work is anticipated to offer valuable references for the advancement of microspheres in the domain of various tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"From microsphere synthesis to neural tissue regeneration: Unraveling the potentials and progress","authors":"Yaqiong Liu , Yuqing Shang , Zhen Wang , Hongxia Gao , Nana Jin , Weihao Zhang , Huoyun Shen , Shaolan Sun , Dongzhi Wang , Zhiwei Wang , Xiaosong Gu , Yumin Yang , Guicai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microspheres have been extensively employed as drug delivery systems within the realm of tissue engineering, owing to their remarkable controlled release capabilities. The inherent properties of microspheres, with respect to size and structure, endow them with the ability to form tiny porous network architectures. These architectures can serve as platforms for the delivery of growth factors, drugs, or nanoscale materials, thereby progressively emerging as fundamental constituents in the fabrication of tissue regeneration scaffolds. In the domain of neural tissue engineering, microspheres represent ideal carriers, as they are capable of furnishing multifactorial cues during nerve tissue repair. Such cues encompass the delivery of chemical signals essential for neuronal communication, the conveyance of biological factors conducive to axon outgrowth, and the responsiveness to physical stimulations. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and systematic work summary regarding the application of microspheres in neural tissue engineering remains scarce. Consequently, in this review, we initially conduct a systematic overview of the preparation methodologies, optimization strategies in terms of smart responsiveness, and characterization techniques of diverse microspheres. Additionally, we further consolidate the application of microsphere-based scaffolds in the remediation of nerve injuries, including traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. Finally, the challenges and prospective directions pertaining to microspheres in tissue engineering are deliberated. The current work is anticipated to offer valuable references for the advancement of microspheres in the domain of various tissue engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112363"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112361
Junwei Xu , Yi Cui , Xuemei Sun , Zhiheng Chen , Meili Liu , Xiaogang Wang , Ping Li , Yubo Fan
Natural osteochondral structure exhibits a continuous mechanical gradient that reflects the distinct mechanical properties of cartilage and bone. However, few continuous gradient casting methods can fabricate gradient scaffolds that match the mechanical span of natural osteochondral tissue for repairing full-thickness osteochondral defects. This study presents a continuous magnetic-gradient hydrogel with augmented mechanical span, developed through magnetic field-induced casting and post-modification techniques, for integrated repair of osteochondral defects. Through post-modification crosslinking, the hydrogel's mechanical span reaches two orders of magnitude, which is closer to the physiological gradient of cartilage to cancellous bone. Additionally, based on the natural polysaccharide characteristics of cartilage, two traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides (oxidized Cuscuta chinensis polysaccharide and astragalus polysaccharide) are incorporated to create reverse-gradient that promote cartilage and bone tissue repair. Coupled with the hydrogel's magnetic gradient, an external gradient magnetic field is applied to further enhance the repair effects. Experimental results, both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrate that mechanical span augmented continuous magnetic-gradient hydrogel significantly facilitates the integrated repair of osteochondral defects. This work proposes a novel strategy to augment the mechanical span characteristic of continuous gradient hydrogel, resulting in a biomimetic scaffold that closely mimics the mechanical span properties of natural osteochondral tissue.
{"title":"Continuous magnetic-gradient hydrogel with augmented mechanical span and reverse-directional polysaccharides distribution for integrated repair of osteochondral defects","authors":"Junwei Xu , Yi Cui , Xuemei Sun , Zhiheng Chen , Meili Liu , Xiaogang Wang , Ping Li , Yubo Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural osteochondral structure exhibits a continuous mechanical gradient that reflects the distinct mechanical properties of cartilage and bone. However, few continuous gradient casting methods can fabricate gradient scaffolds that match the mechanical span of natural osteochondral tissue for repairing full-thickness osteochondral defects. This study presents a continuous magnetic-gradient hydrogel with augmented mechanical span, developed through magnetic field-induced casting and post-modification techniques, for integrated repair of osteochondral defects. Through post-modification crosslinking, the hydrogel's mechanical span reaches two orders of magnitude, which is closer to the physiological gradient of cartilage to cancellous bone. Additionally, based on the natural polysaccharide characteristics of cartilage, two traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides (oxidized Cuscuta chinensis polysaccharide and astragalus polysaccharide) are incorporated to create reverse-gradient that promote cartilage and bone tissue repair. Coupled with the hydrogel's magnetic gradient, an external gradient magnetic field is applied to further enhance the repair effects. Experimental results, both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>, demonstrate that mechanical span augmented continuous magnetic-gradient hydrogel significantly facilitates the integrated repair of osteochondral defects. This work proposes a novel strategy to augment the mechanical span characteristic of continuous gradient hydrogel, resulting in a biomimetic scaffold that closely mimics the mechanical span properties of natural osteochondral tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112361"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112360
Zhe Zhang, Zhongbo Yuan, Guoqing Geng
Creep and stress relaxation are time-dependent phenomena that deteriorate concrete structures, primarily occurring in calcium silicate hydrate, the key binder in Portland cement. Evaluating microstructure development during creep is challenging due to long testing durations. This study employs a novel discrete element method to model creep and stress relaxation in C–S–H, enabling microstructure evolution exploration. The simulation results align well with nanoindentation tests, allowing identification of key factors influencing creep. A microstructure-induced machine learning model is developed to describe the relationship between microstructure and creep deformation to assess the importance of various microstructure indices. This study directly verifies the mechanism by which high pressure accelerates the creep in nanoindentation tests. The influence of microstructure indices on creep is quantitatively analysed, revealing that penetration depth resulting from reduced modulus has the strongest correlation with creep. A detailed analysis of surface forces offers valuable insights for designing experiments and optimizing material properties.
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Unraveling the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) pathway and its association with inherent electrocatalytic performance is key to designing electrocatalyst for water-splitting but unfortunately remains elusive. Herein, a 3D nanoflower-like NiFe-LDH/MOF heterostructured electrocatalyst based on MXene is successfully prepared by an in situ semi-transformation (ISST) strategy. Chemical probe tests and pH-dependent tests indicate that the introduction of defects in the catalysts reduce the energy of the metal-oxygen bond and promote the release of lattice oxygen during the OER process, further enhancing the LOM pathway. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations also demonstrated that electronic coupling at heterogeneous interfaces and defect engineering optimised the adsorption process of the reaction intermediates and markedly improved the intrinsic catalytic activity. As expected, the catalysts exhibited good electrochemical performance, with HER and OER requiring only 143 mV and 176 mV. In addition, the overall water-splitting tests indicate that merely 1.55 V of cell voltage is needed for the catalyst to attain a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Excellent stability is also observed at high current densities, demonstrating its potential to be used as a bifunctional catalyst for large-scale industrialized applications.
{"title":"Cationic defect engineering induces LOM-enhanced electrocatalysts derived from in situ semi-transformed NiFe-LDH/MOF heterostructure for efficient overall water-splitting","authors":"Yu Zhu, Yun Zhao, Chang Xi, Kairan Hu, Sheng Han, Jibo Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unraveling the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) pathway and its association with inherent electrocatalytic performance is key to designing electrocatalyst for water-splitting but unfortunately remains elusive. Herein, a 3D nanoflower-like NiFe-LDH/MOF heterostructured electrocatalyst based on MXene is successfully prepared by an in situ semi-transformation (ISST) strategy. Chemical probe tests and pH-dependent tests indicate that the introduction of defects in the catalysts reduce the energy of the metal-oxygen bond and promote the release of lattice oxygen during the OER process, further enhancing the LOM pathway. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations also demonstrated that electronic coupling at heterogeneous interfaces and defect engineering optimised the adsorption process of the reaction intermediates and markedly improved the intrinsic catalytic activity. As expected, the catalysts exhibited good electrochemical performance, with HER and OER requiring only 143 mV and 176 mV. In addition, the overall water-splitting tests indicate that merely 1.55 V of cell voltage is needed for the catalyst to attain a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Excellent stability is also observed at high current densities, demonstrating its potential to be used as a bifunctional catalyst for large-scale industrialized applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112356"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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