Composites Part B: Engineering最新文献_第3页

Unprecedented laser metal deposition (LMD) biofabrication of nano-ZrO2 reinforced structure-function-integrated Ti–Cu composite: Fabrication, wear, biofunctionality

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112379

Wenze Wang , Xin Li , Chaochun Zhao , Andrej Atrens , Ming-Chun Zhao

The significance of biomedical applications of Ti alloys is underscored by their widespread utilization as implantable materials. Ti alloy implants are sensitive to fretting wear, which easily leads to early failure. Wear is a major factor in determining the long-term clinical performance. Based on structure-function-integrated concept, this work aims to explore an improved wear-resistant self-antibacterial 3ZrO₂/Ti–3Cu composite using pure Ti powder, Cu powder and nano-ZrO₂ powder via laser metal deposition (LMD). The forming quality, wear performance, and biofunctionality of LMDed 3ZrO₂/Ti–3Cu samples were characterized through specific electron microscopy, mechanical wear tests, and in vitro cell tests. A slightly lower energy density resulted in the best fabrication quality. The spherical morphology of the powders compensated for the different thermodynamic properties of nano-ZrO₂, achieving higher densification. The addition of nano-ZrO₂ into Ti–3Cu refined grains, increased yield strength by 67 % (from 979 MPa to 1637 MPa), microhardness by 62 % (from 291 HV_0.5 to 472 HV_0.5), and Young's modulus by 17 %, maintaining the modulus within the range of human bone. It also reduced wear rate by 36 % (from 0.425 mm³/Nm to 0.366 mm³/Nm) and biocorrosion rate by 32 % (from 3.0 × 10⁻⁸ A/cm² to 1.8 × 10⁻⁸ A/cm²), indicating less corrosion-wear. In addition, LMDed 3ZrO₂/Ti–3Cu showed excellent biocompatibility and bacteriostatic rate >99 % against E. coli. Nano-ZrO₂ enhanced strength, wear and corrosion resistance, while Cu-rich precipitates and Cu ion release provided synergistic antibacterial activity. This work provides a new horizon into the LMD fabrication of improved wear-resistant self-antibacterial structure-function-integrated implant materials.

{"title":"Unprecedented laser metal deposition (LMD) biofabrication of nano-ZrO2 reinforced structure-function-integrated Ti–Cu composite: Fabrication, wear, biofunctionality","authors":"Wenze Wang , Xin Li , Chaochun Zhao , Andrej Atrens , Ming-Chun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significance of biomedical applications of Ti alloys is underscored by their widespread utilization as implantable materials. Ti alloy implants are sensitive to fretting wear, which easily leads to early failure. Wear is a major factor in determining the long-term clinical performance. Based on structure-function-integrated concept, this work aims to explore an improved wear-resistant self-antibacterial 3ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Ti–3Cu composite using pure Ti powder, Cu powder and nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub> powder via laser metal deposition (LMD). The forming quality, wear performance, and biofunctionality of LMDed 3ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Ti–3Cu samples were characterized through specific electron microscopy, mechanical wear tests, and <em>in vitro</em> cell tests. A slightly lower energy density resulted in the best fabrication quality. The spherical morphology of the powders compensated for the different thermodynamic properties of nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, achieving higher densification. The addition of nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub> into Ti–3Cu refined grains, increased yield strength by 67 % (from 979 MPa to 1637 MPa), microhardness by 62 % (from 291 HV<sub>0.5</sub> to 472 HV<sub>0.5</sub>), and Young's modulus by 17 %, maintaining the modulus within the range of human bone. It also reduced wear rate by 36 % (from 0.425 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm to 0.366 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm) and biocorrosion rate by 32 % (from 3.0 × 10<sup>−8</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> to 1.8 × 10<sup>−8</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>), indicating less corrosion-wear. In addition, LMDed 3ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Ti–3Cu showed excellent biocompatibility and bacteriostatic rate >99 % against <em>E. coli</em>. Nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub> enhanced strength, wear and corrosion resistance, while Cu-rich precipitates and Cu ion release provided synergistic antibacterial activity. This work provides a new horizon into the LMD fabrication of improved wear-resistant self-antibacterial structure-function-integrated implant materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112379"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review on the 3D printing technology and application of magnetic materials: Material-process-structure-application

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112387

Haorui Zhai , Xiaodong Li , Shuzhou Yu , Jianlei Wang , Ying Chang , Jun Li , Xinghua Cheng , Lei Zhou , Yikun Fang , Tao Liu , Xiaojun Yu , Minggang Zhu , Bo Li , Wei Li

Magnetic materials, as a type of functional material, play an important role in many fields. However, the traditional manufacturing process is limited for only forming simple geometric shapes, which restricts the application and development of magnetic materials. 3D printing technology provides a new path for the development, structural design, and applications of magnetic materials, with the advantages of low cost, flexible design, and rapid prototyping, which will be one of the most promising technology for the magnetic materials. In this paper, aiming at the 3D printing technology, the advanced magnetic materials are discussed, such as soft magnetic materials, hard magnetic materials and their composite materials; the new manufacturing processes are analyzed, such as magnetic field-assisted 3D printing; the innovative structures are introduced, such as bionic structure and honeycomb structure; and the typical applications are presented, such as soft robots, 4D printing, and drug delivery. Moreover, the interaction relation among the ''material — process — structure — application'' in 3D printing of the magnetic materials is figured out, and the optimal adaptability among them is compared and evaluated. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities are summarized and discussed. The results show that with the continuous development of new 3D printing technologies for magnetic materials, more innovations will be created in magnetic materials, processes, structures, and applications.

{"title":"Review on the 3D printing technology and application of magnetic materials: Material-process-structure-application","authors":"Haorui Zhai , Xiaodong Li , Shuzhou Yu , Jianlei Wang , Ying Chang , Jun Li , Xinghua Cheng , Lei Zhou , Yikun Fang , Tao Liu , Xiaojun Yu , Minggang Zhu , Bo Li , Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic materials, as a type of functional material, play an important role in many fields. However, the traditional manufacturing process is limited for only forming simple geometric shapes, which restricts the application and development of magnetic materials. 3D printing technology provides a new path for the development, structural design, and applications of magnetic materials, with the advantages of low cost, flexible design, and rapid prototyping, which will be one of the most promising technology for the magnetic materials. In this paper, aiming at the 3D printing technology, the advanced magnetic materials are discussed, such as soft magnetic materials, hard magnetic materials and their composite materials; the new manufacturing processes are analyzed, such as magnetic field-assisted 3D printing; the innovative structures are introduced, such as bionic structure and honeycomb structure; and the typical applications are presented, such as soft robots, 4D printing, and drug delivery. Moreover, the interaction relation among the ''material — process — structure — application'' in 3D printing of the magnetic materials is figured out, and the optimal adaptability among them is compared and evaluated. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities are summarized and discussed. The results show that with the continuous development of new 3D printing technologies for magnetic materials, more innovations will be created in magnetic materials, processes, structures, and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112387"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green facile fabrication of flame-retardant straw cellulose nanofiber laminate with enhanced mechanical strength

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112377

Rui Yang , Jing Zhou , Xiaoqi Yang , Haiyang Lu , Linghui Qi , Yue Ni , Changlei Xia , Jianzhang Li

Natural biomass resources are highly valued for their high biodegradability, high sustainability, and easy modification. However, their large-scale application is limited by their flammability. Numerous flame-retardant modification methods have been developed. However, they are limited by low performance and poor mechanical properties. In this study, a novel method was proposed for preparing flame-retardant cellulose nanofiber laminates, focusing on raw material selection, modification method, and laminated structure. The silica in natural straw was retained, and the fibers were swollen using the green and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent, resulting in the partial dissolution of cellulose. This process reduced the energy consumption of mechanical treatment during the preparation of straw cellulose nanofibers. Sulfonic acid groups were grafted onto the straw cellulose to impart flame-retardant properties to the material. By leveraging the laminated structure to block heat transfer between layers, the material achieved excellent flame-retardant performance and mechanical properties. The flame-retardant straw cellulose nanofiber laminate achieved an LOI of 61.9 %. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residual carbon content can reach 37.6 %, which is 40.3 % higher than that of the CNFL. This study presents a novel approach to developing flame-retardant biomass boards.

{"title":"Green facile fabrication of flame-retardant straw cellulose nanofiber laminate with enhanced mechanical strength","authors":"Rui Yang , Jing Zhou , Xiaoqi Yang , Haiyang Lu , Linghui Qi , Yue Ni , Changlei Xia , Jianzhang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural biomass resources are highly valued for their high biodegradability, high sustainability, and easy modification. However, their large-scale application is limited by their flammability. Numerous flame-retardant modification methods have been developed. However, they are limited by low performance and poor mechanical properties. In this study, a novel method was proposed for preparing flame-retardant cellulose nanofiber laminates, focusing on raw material selection, modification method, and laminated structure. The silica in natural straw was retained, and the fibers were swollen using the green and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent, resulting in the partial dissolution of cellulose. This process reduced the energy consumption of mechanical treatment during the preparation of straw cellulose nanofibers. Sulfonic acid groups were grafted onto the straw cellulose to impart flame-retardant properties to the material. By leveraging the laminated structure to block heat transfer between layers, the material achieved excellent flame-retardant performance and mechanical properties. The flame-retardant straw cellulose nanofiber laminate achieved an LOI of 61.9 %. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residual carbon content can reach 37.6 %, which is 40.3 % higher than that of the CNFL. This study presents a novel approach to developing flame-retardant biomass boards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112377"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pseudo-ductile composites with micro-wrapped hybrid tows

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112369

Mohammad Hamidul Islam , Sree Shankhachur Roy , Michael R. Wisnom , Prasad Potluri

A novel method of hybridisation of dry fibres with different failure strains was developed using a micro-wrapping process to introduce pseudo-ductile behaviour in high-performance composites. Three different hybrid configurations (T700-carbon/S-glass, M55-carbon/S-glass and M55-carbon/T700-carbon) were prepared using the micro-wrapping process with low strain to failure fibre component at the core of the hybrid structure. To investigate pseudo-ductile behaviour, different unidirectional (UD) and UD woven composites were manufactured using micro-wrapped and equivalent side-by-side hybrid tows. Tensile test results revealed that all micro-wrapped hybrid composites demonstrated excellent pseudo-ductile behaviour. In contrast, side-by-side hybrid composites exhibited a significant stress drop after low-strain fibre failure. In the stress-strain graph, micro-wrapped hybrid composite showed a plateau region after pseudo-yielding, followed by a second linear region with increasing stress and strain before final failure. Overall, micro-wrapped core-shell hybrid with low and high-strain carbon fibre showed significant pseudo-ductility with potential for a low-cost manufacturing method.

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引用次数: 0

Towards ultra-fast and high strength structural repair of damaged thermoplastic composites: Ultrasonic welding

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112385

Tian Zhao , Shuaiheng Xu , Yu Feng , Chenqian Zhang , Yixing Huang , Xianben Ren , Ying Li

Owing to its high weld strength, rapid processing cycles and absence of foreign materials at the weldline, ultrasonic welding is considered as a promising technique for joining thermoplastic composites, as an alternative to traditional mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding. More importantly, this technique provides a potential possibility for repairing damaged composite structures with an extremely short duration. This paper presents a preliminary study on the feasibility of repairing an open-hole thermoplastic composite structure by using an external patch ultrasonically welded with different time durations. Both tensile and flexural behaviors of the repaired composite specimens were investigated. The damage processes of different specimens were synchronously characterized by using acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques. Both the experimental and numerical results demonstrated a significant improvement in the mechanical performance of the weld-repaired specimens compared to the unrepaired ones. Additionally, the weld-repair patch effectively reduced the stress concentration in the periphery of the damaged area.

超声波焊接具有焊接强度高、加工周期短、焊缝无异物等优点，被认为是一种很有前途的热塑性复合材料连接技术，可替代传统的机械紧固和粘合剂粘接。更重要的是，这种技术为在极短的时间内修复受损的复合材料结构提供了潜在的可能性。本文初步研究了使用不同持续时间的超声波焊接外部补丁修复开孔热塑性复合材料结构的可行性。研究了修复后的复合材料试样的拉伸和弯曲行为。利用声发射和数字图像相关技术对不同试样的损伤过程进行了同步表征。实验和数值结果都表明，与未修理的试样相比，焊接修复试样的机械性能有了显著改善。此外，焊接修复补丁还有效降低了受损区域外围的应力集中。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of a multifunctional bio-based adhesive inspired by the structure of dragonfly wings

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112374

Genghao Zheng , Shuting Zhang , Yuanwei Wang , Anbo Pan , Bangke Xu , Yantao Xu , Xiaochun Zhang

Traditional formaldehyde-based adhesives have problems such as dependence on petrochemical resources and release of formaldehyde. Therefore, preparing multifunctional bio-based adhesives with excellent mechanical properties to replace formaldehyde-based adhesives plays an important role in environmental sustainability. In this paper, a soy protein adhesive that combines high toughness and strength was developed inspired by dragonfly wings. This strategy is based on a rigid neural network (CNF) framework and SPI-based dynamic network system. Functionalized nanofibers (CNF@TP) were tightly connected to SPI through Schiff base reaction and strong hydrogen bonding. The dry and wet shear strength of plywood prepared with modified adhesive reached 1.89 MPa and 1.25 MPa respectively, which were 117.2 % and 119.3 % higher than SPI adhesive. The inorganic mineral component (ZnO) formed an organic-inorganic hybrid structure with soy protein, which improved the mildew resistance, flame retardancy and UV resistance of the adhesive. The storage time of the liquid/solid adhesive was extended to 30/50 days respectively. Cross-linker (TGA) strengthened the cross-linked network, the moisture absorption rate of the adhesive decreased to 11.9 %, the residual rate increased to 56.8 %, improved the water resistance. This bionic structure engineering (BSE) provides a research idea for the development of multifunctional composite materials with strong performance. This technology is expected to be applied to many fields such as plywood industry, aerospace and cultural relics restoration.

{"title":"Preparation of a multifunctional bio-based adhesive inspired by the structure of dragonfly wings","authors":"Genghao Zheng , Shuting Zhang , Yuanwei Wang , Anbo Pan , Bangke Xu , Yantao Xu , Xiaochun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional formaldehyde-based adhesives have problems such as dependence on petrochemical resources and release of formaldehyde. Therefore, preparing multifunctional bio-based adhesives with excellent mechanical properties to replace formaldehyde-based adhesives plays an important role in environmental sustainability. In this paper, a soy protein adhesive that combines high toughness and strength was developed inspired by dragonfly wings. This strategy is based on a rigid neural network (CNF) framework and SPI-based dynamic network system. Functionalized nanofibers (CNF@TP) were tightly connected to SPI through Schiff base reaction and strong hydrogen bonding. The dry and wet shear strength of plywood prepared with modified adhesive reached 1.89 MPa and 1.25 MPa respectively, which were 117.2 % and 119.3 % higher than SPI adhesive. The inorganic mineral component (ZnO) formed an organic-inorganic hybrid structure with soy protein, which improved the mildew resistance, flame retardancy and UV resistance of the adhesive. The storage time of the liquid/solid adhesive was extended to 30/50 days respectively. Cross-linker (TGA) strengthened the cross-linked network, the moisture absorption rate of the adhesive decreased to 11.9 %, the residual rate increased to 56.8 %, improved the water resistance. This bionic structure engineering (BSE) provides a research idea for the development of multifunctional composite materials with strong performance. This technology is expected to be applied to many fields such as plywood industry, aerospace and cultural relics restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112374"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction of “rigid-and-flexible” interphase by waterborne carboxylated polyimide sizing agent for interfacial enhancement of carbon fiber/poly ether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112388

Wentao Chen , Ke Zhang , Shuai Wang , Chunhai Chen , Xiaogang Zhao , Hongwei Zhou , Daming Wang

The application of polyimide (PI) as an effective sizing agent for carbon fiber (CF) in CF/poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) composites represents a promising approach. Here, a series of novel carboxylated waterborne PI sizing agents with different aliphatic ratios were designed to construct a rigid-flexible gradient interphase for the purpose of promoting interfacial adhesion between CF and PEEK. It was observed that the mechanical properties of the composites were optimal when the molar ratio of rigid diamine monomer to flexible diamine monomer reached 7:3. Significant augmentation was observed in various mechanical and interfacial properties, including tensile modulus (25.6 %), tensile strength (19.8 %), flexural modulus (28.5 %), flexural strength (15.8 %), impact strength (24.3 %), and IFSS (57.8 %). Furthermore, the tensile strength of the composites exhibited a greater increase (27.2 %) at elevated temperatures, thus indicating that the role of the interfacial layer was more pronounced at high temperatures. The interphase was analyzed by peak force quantitative nanomechanical imaging (PF-QNM) mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the results indicated the formation of a modulus transition zone between the CF and PEEK. This zone exhibited a gradient change of modulus, enabling the composite to transfer and distribute applied loads more effectively when subjected to external forces. Consequently, the findings of this study demonstrated the potential of waterborne PI sizing agents for application on CF, offering a promising avenue for surface modification of high-performance CF/PEEK composites.

{"title":"Construction of “rigid-and-flexible” interphase by waterborne carboxylated polyimide sizing agent for interfacial enhancement of carbon fiber/poly ether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites","authors":"Wentao Chen , Ke Zhang , Shuai Wang , Chunhai Chen , Xiaogang Zhao , Hongwei Zhou , Daming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of polyimide (PI) as an effective sizing agent for carbon fiber (CF) in CF/poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) composites represents a promising approach. Here, a series of novel carboxylated waterborne PI sizing agents with different aliphatic ratios were designed to construct a rigid-flexible gradient interphase for the purpose of promoting interfacial adhesion between CF and PEEK. It was observed that the mechanical properties of the composites were optimal when the molar ratio of rigid diamine monomer to flexible diamine monomer reached 7:3. Significant augmentation was observed in various mechanical and interfacial properties, including tensile modulus (25.6 %), tensile strength (19.8 %), flexural modulus (28.5 %), flexural strength (15.8 %), impact strength (24.3 %), and IFSS (57.8 %). Furthermore, the tensile strength of the composites exhibited a greater increase (27.2 %) at elevated temperatures, thus indicating that the role of the interfacial layer was more pronounced at high temperatures. The interphase was analyzed by peak force quantitative nanomechanical imaging (PF-QNM) mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the results indicated the formation of a modulus transition zone between the CF and PEEK. This zone exhibited a gradient change of modulus, enabling the composite to transfer and distribute applied loads more effectively when subjected to external forces. Consequently, the findings of this study demonstrated the potential of waterborne PI sizing agents for application on CF, offering a promising avenue for surface modification of high-performance CF/PEEK composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112388"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isothermal crystallization of Poly(ether ether ketone)/carbon fiber composites

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112386

Xiaoshi Zhang , Ryan Flanigan , Gijs de Kort , Ralph H. Colby , Alicyn M. Rhoades

The quiescent crystallization kinetics of Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) carbon fiber composites are highly relevant to polymer processing techniques that operate no shear or low shear conditions, such as 3D printing and automated fiber placement. This study investigates the isothermal crystallization kinetics of neat PEEK and its carbon fiber counterparts. We analyzed one commercial grade with 30 wt% carbon fiber and two lab-compounded grades with lower carbon fiber contents (5 and 15 wt%) using X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (μCT) and calorimetry technologies. μCT analyzed the volume fractions of PEEK resin, carbon fibers, and voids formed during processing. The carbon fiber content was also determined based on the volumetric fraction of each component. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fast scanning calorimetry (FSC), the overall crystallization kinetics were extracted for neat PEEK and its carbon fiber composites over a wide range of crystallization temperatures from 160 °C to 330 °C. All kinetics data were fitted well using the Hoffman-Lauritzen model to extract values for U^∗, K₀, and K_G. The results indicate that the energy barriers associated with chain segment mobility U^∗ and nucleation K_G do not significantly change with the presence of carbon fiber. However, K₀, associated with the nucleation constant, decreases linearly with increasing non-resin volume fraction. Morphological investigations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fast Scanning Calorimetry - Atomic Force Microscopy (FSC-AFM) demonstrate the presence of weak surface nucleation and impingement effects from carbon fiber on PEEK resin crystallization. Based on these observations, we propose a simple mathematical model to describe the crystallization peak time of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites, in which fibers and voids primarily contribute to the slowdown of crystal growth.

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引用次数: 0

Process optimization for sustainable composites from post-consumer PET carpet and recycled PET resin

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112367

Siddhesh Chaudhari , Clinton Switzer , Mohamadreza Y. Azarfam , Anuj Maheshwari , Frank D. Blum , Jay C. Hanan , Sudheer Bandla , Ranji Vaidyanathan

In the United States, over 90 % of discarded carpets end up in landfills, primarily due to the costly and time-consuming process of mechanically separating carpet fibers from their backing. This research uses a novel approach for reusing post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by developing recycled composites from post-consumer PET carpet (cPET) and recycled PET (rPET) resin sourced from bottle discards via compression molding. Incorporating whole carpets in the process significantly reduces preprocessing costs and time. A design of experiments approach was employed with variables such as temperature, pressure, dwell time, and composition to optimize mechanical properties. A two-level fractional factorial design for screening followed by a three-level full factorial design was performed to identify suitable processing parameters to achieve better mechanical properties. The optimal molding processing conditions for rPET/cPET (30/70) composites were identified as 270 °C for 250 s under 1 MPa, which yielded a flexural strength of 54.6 ± 6.0 MPa and a flexural modulus of 3180 ± 110 MPa, as verified through reproducibility testing on 10 samples (2 samples each from 5 molding experiments). These enhanced mechanical properties showcase the potential of rPET/cPET composites for structural applications. The composites made up of 30 % recycled PET resin and 70 % post-consumer PET carpet show that a larger fraction of carpet offers a sustainable alternative approach to reduce landfill waste from carpets and develop environmentally friendly materials with good structural integrity.

{"title":"Process optimization for sustainable composites from post-consumer PET carpet and recycled PET resin","authors":"Siddhesh Chaudhari , Clinton Switzer , Mohamadreza Y. Azarfam , Anuj Maheshwari , Frank D. Blum , Jay C. Hanan , Sudheer Bandla , Ranji Vaidyanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the United States, over 90 % of discarded carpets end up in landfills, primarily due to the costly and time-consuming process of mechanically separating carpet fibers from their backing. This research uses a novel approach for reusing post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by developing recycled composites from post-consumer PET carpet (cPET) and recycled PET (rPET) resin sourced from bottle discards via compression molding. Incorporating whole carpets in the process significantly reduces preprocessing costs and time. A design of experiments approach was employed with variables such as temperature, pressure, dwell time, and composition to optimize mechanical properties. A two-level fractional factorial design for screening followed by a three-level full factorial design was performed to identify suitable processing parameters to achieve better mechanical properties. The optimal molding processing conditions for rPET/cPET (30/70) composites were identified as 270 °C for 250 s under 1 MPa, which yielded a flexural strength of 54.6 ± 6.0 MPa and a flexural modulus of 3180 ± 110 MPa, as verified through reproducibility testing on 10 samples (2 samples each from 5 molding experiments). These enhanced mechanical properties showcase the potential of rPET/cPET composites for structural applications. The composites made up of 30 % recycled PET resin and 70 % post-consumer PET carpet show that a larger fraction of carpet offers a sustainable alternative approach to reduce landfill waste from carpets and develop environmentally friendly materials with good structural integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112367"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of metal-based microencapsulated phase change material and its application in a battery for thermal management and thermal runaway protection

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112376

Yuanyuan Chen , Xiaojie Guo , Chenwu Shi , Xin Zhou , Deqiu Zou

The performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries are significantly affected by temperature, and thermal management and thermal runaway protection are necessary. The temperature ranges of battery thermal management and thermal runaway based on phase change materials (PCMs) are inconsistent. A single organic PCM and hydrated salt PCMs have application limitations. In this article, low temperature phase change microcapsules (MEPCM) with thermal management capabilities and medium temperature MEPCM with thermal runaway protection functions have been innovatively prepared respectively, and the performance of their mixture was studied. The results showed that the latent heat value of low temperature MEPCM was 231.4 J/cm³, indicating high thermal reliability. The latent heat value of the medium temperature MEPCM was 426.1 J/cm³, exhibiting good thermal shock resistance and thermal response characteristic. At an ambient temperature of 35 °C and a discharge rate of 4C, the maximum temperature of the battery based on MEPCM mixture is 54.8 °C. At room temperature, MEPCM mixture delayed the time of thermal runaway by 30 %. After 100 s, the outside temperature of the battery was 68.6 °C, decreasing the heating rate by 81.4 %. The MEPCM mixture possesses flame retardancy and didn't release heat, greatly improving the safety of power battery operation.

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引用次数: 0