Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111498
Daniel Boari Coelho , Artur Cesar Aquino dos Santos , Felipe Fregni , Linamara Rizzo Battistella
{"title":"Cortical connectivity reorganization Induced by tDCS and Robotic-Assisted gait training in individuals with spinal cord injury","authors":"Daniel Boari Coelho , Artur Cesar Aquino dos Santos , Felipe Fregni , Linamara Rizzo Battistella","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 2111498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111499
Paola Testini , Austin Wang , Eric R. Cole , Svjetlana Miocinovic
Objectives
To determine if motor evoked potentials (MEP) – stimulation-induced muscle activation measured using electromyography – can serve as a biomarker of corticobulbar (CBT) and corticospinal (CST) tract activation induced by deep brain stimulation (DBS).
Methods
In 12 patients with Parkinson’s disease and subthalamic (n = 10) or pallidal (n = 2) DBS, contact mapping determined clinical motor side effect thresholds. For equivalent stimulation parameters (except lower frequency), EMG was recorded from cranial and arm muscles to determine the presence, peak amplitudes and latencies of MEP. Clinical side effect and MEP thresholds were compared and accuracy metrics calculated.
Results
The MEP amplitudes increased with stimulation intensity. Latencies were shorter for cranial muscles, which were also more likely to generate an MEP. Clinical side effect and MEP thresholds were significantly correlated (R2 = 0.31; p = 0.0006), although most MEP thresholds were lower than side effect thresholds. The MEP accuracy in predicting side effects was 0.72, with a sensitivity of 0.68 and a specificity of 0.73.
Conclusions
MEP thresholds correlated with side effect thresholds but were often lower indicating subclinical CBT/CST activations.
Significance
This study characterizes motor potentials evoked by DBS and demonstrates their potential utility as an objective biomarker for motor side effect detection during DBS programming.
{"title":"Motor evoked potentials as a side effect biomarker for deep brain stimulation","authors":"Paola Testini , Austin Wang , Eric R. Cole , Svjetlana Miocinovic","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine if motor evoked potentials (MEP) – stimulation-induced muscle activation measured using electromyography – can serve as a biomarker of corticobulbar (CBT) and corticospinal (CST) tract activation induced by deep brain stimulation (DBS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 12 patients with Parkinson’s disease and subthalamic (n = 10) or pallidal (n = 2) DBS, contact mapping determined clinical motor side effect thresholds. For equivalent stimulation parameters (except lower frequency), EMG was recorded from cranial and arm muscles to determine the presence, peak amplitudes and latencies of MEP. Clinical side effect and MEP thresholds were compared and accuracy metrics calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MEP amplitudes increased with stimulation intensity. Latencies were shorter for cranial muscles, which were also more likely to generate an MEP. Clinical side effect and MEP thresholds were significantly correlated (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.31; p = 0.0006), although most MEP thresholds were lower than side effect thresholds. The MEP accuracy in predicting side effects was 0.72, with a sensitivity of 0.68 and a specificity of 0.73.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MEP thresholds correlated with side effect thresholds but were often lower indicating subclinical CBT/CST activations.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study characterizes motor potentials evoked by DBS and demonstrates their potential utility as an objective biomarker for motor side effect detection during DBS programming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 2111499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) suffer from epileptic seizures and memory decline. While focal resection eliminates seizures in 60–70% of patients, surgery carries the risk of further compromising memory. We hypothesized that hippocampal neurofeedback (NF) will induce targeted brain activity associated with memory function.
Methods
Patients with intracranial electrodes implanted in bilateral hippocampi performed a memory NF task, developed specifically for this project. The NF task involved real-time analysis of hippocampal activity using the electrode in the less-affected hippocampus while conducting a memory task. Changes in theta activity and task performance were assessed.
Results
The NF task was conducted in seven TLE patients. In five patients, theta activity increased significantly in the targeted hippocampus (Mann-Kendall test; p < 0.05). Mixed linear model analysis across all sessions revealed a significant increase in theta activity in the targeted hippocampus (p = 0.0032), with no significant change contralaterally (p = 0.19). Three additional TLE patients underwent random NF to assess if theta activity was induced merely by the encoding process, but none of them showed significant changes in theta activity.
Conclusion
Memory NF task effectively induced targeted hippocampal activity in TLE patients.
Significance
Hippocampal NF may enhance memory function in TLE patients prior to focal resection.
{"title":"Optimization of memory neurofeedback system utilizing intracranial electroencephalogram of the hippocampus","authors":"Ako Matsuhashi , Seijiro Shimada , Naoto Kunii , Takeshi Matsuo , Anna Takeda , Toshiya Aono , Shigeta Fujitani , Keisuke Nagata , Makoto Sato , Yohei Ishishita , Kenji Ibayashi , Keisuke Ohtani , Yoshiyuki Onuki , Kensuke Kawai , Nobuhito Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) suffer from epileptic seizures and memory decline. While focal resection eliminates seizures in 60–70% of patients, surgery carries the risk of further compromising memory. We hypothesized that hippocampal neurofeedback (NF) will induce targeted brain activity associated with memory function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with intracranial electrodes implanted in bilateral hippocampi performed a memory NF task, developed specifically for this project. The NF task involved real-time analysis of hippocampal activity using the electrode in the less-affected hippocampus while conducting a memory task. Changes in theta activity and task performance were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The NF task was conducted in seven TLE patients. In five patients, theta activity increased significantly in the targeted hippocampus (Mann-Kendall test; p < 0.05). Mixed linear model analysis across all sessions revealed a significant increase in theta activity in the targeted hippocampus (p = 0.0032), with no significant change contralaterally (p = 0.19). Three additional TLE patients underwent random NF to assess if theta activity was induced merely by the encoding process, but none of them showed significant changes in theta activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Memory NF task effectively induced targeted hippocampal activity in TLE patients.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Hippocampal NF may enhance memory function in TLE patients prior to focal resection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 2111490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111489
William O. Tatum , Adrian Safa , Filippo Colella , Erik H. Middlebrooks , Anteneh M. Feyissa , Aafreen Khan , David Sabsevitz , Alicia Kissinger-Knox , Phillip Gauthier , Dawn Radford , Anahita Jafari , Marco Failla Mulone , Sanjeet Grewal , Rich Byrne , Kaisorn Chaichana , Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa , Brin Freund
Objective
To compare the signal detection performance of a circular grid versus a strip electrode during intraoperative electrocorticography (iECoG) for Functional Brain Mapping (FBM).
Methods
We performed a single center retrospective evaluation of signal detection by recording intraoperative ECoG comparing two intraoperative recording devices and techniques during awake craniotomy for FBM. A circular grid and linear strip evaluated stimulation artifact, afterdischarges (ADs), and epileptiform activity.
Results
142 patients underwent awake craniotomy, and 26 (18.3 %) had reoperations with repeat iECoG performed during their subsequent procedure. A total of 71 patients underwent iECoG using circular grids and 71 with linear strip electrodes. Max and min Signal amplitudes were higher with the circular grid (p < 0.01). The minimum (2.3 vs. 2.8 mA) and maximum (4.9 vs. 6.3 mA) currents required to evoke visible stimulation artifact were lower with the circular grid (p < 0.01), suggesting increased sensitivity to stimulation-related signals. Physiological signals represented by ADs were detected in 59.2 % of circular-grid patients vs 40.8 % of strip-electrode patients (Fisher’s exact p = 0.044). When adjusting for stimulation trials in a Negative Binomial model with an offset, AD rates per stimulation were 2.5 × higher with circular grids (rate ratio 2.51; 95 % CI 1.61–3.91; p < 0.0001). Total stimulation counts were 2,786 (circular) and 2,209 (strip). Notably, the circular grid also involved more electrodes (5.06 vs. 0.95, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
High-density circular grids enhance intraoperative detection of artifacts and ADs with lower stimulus currents.
Significance
The high-density circular grid offered more interpretable contacts and higher sensitivity.
{"title":"Artifactual signal detection using intraoperative electrocorticographic devices during functional brain mapping of brain tumors","authors":"William O. Tatum , Adrian Safa , Filippo Colella , Erik H. Middlebrooks , Anteneh M. Feyissa , Aafreen Khan , David Sabsevitz , Alicia Kissinger-Knox , Phillip Gauthier , Dawn Radford , Anahita Jafari , Marco Failla Mulone , Sanjeet Grewal , Rich Byrne , Kaisorn Chaichana , Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa , Brin Freund","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the signal detection performance of a circular grid versus a strip electrode during intraoperative electrocorticography (iECoG) for Functional Brain Mapping (FBM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a single center retrospective evaluation of signal detection by recording intraoperative ECoG comparing two intraoperative recording devices and techniques during awake craniotomy for FBM. A circular grid and linear strip evaluated stimulation artifact, afterdischarges (ADs), and epileptiform activity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>142 patients underwent awake craniotomy, and 26 (18.3 %) had reoperations with repeat iECoG performed during their subsequent procedure. A total of 71 patients underwent iECoG using circular grids and 71 with linear strip electrodes. Max and min Signal amplitudes were higher with the circular grid (p < 0.01). The minimum (2.3 vs. 2.8 mA) and maximum (4.9 vs. 6.3 mA) currents required to evoke visible stimulation artifact were lower with the circular grid (p < 0.01), suggesting increased sensitivity to stimulation-related signals. Physiological signals represented by ADs were detected in 59.2 % of circular-grid patients vs 40.8 % of strip-electrode patients (Fisher’s exact p = 0.044). When adjusting for stimulation trials in a Negative Binomial model with an offset, AD rates per stimulation were 2.5 × higher with circular grids (rate ratio 2.51; 95 % CI 1.61–3.91; p < 0.0001). Total stimulation counts were 2,786 (circular) and 2,209 (strip). Notably, the circular grid also involved more electrodes (5.06 vs. 0.95,<!--> <!-->p < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High-density circular grids enhance intraoperative detection of artifacts and ADs with lower stimulus currents.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The high-density circular grid offered more interpretable contacts and higher sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 2111489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145832922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111488
Clotilde Turpin, Olivier Rossel, Félix Schlosser-Perrin, Riki Matsumoto, Emmanuel Mandonnet, Sam Ng, Hugues Duffau, François Bonnetblanc
Objectives: Cyto-myelo architecture vary across brain regions, particularly between primary areas (motor M1, sensory S1), the premotor cortex and the more associative areas such as the Broca, Wernicke, and other association areas. Due to the specific characteristics of electrical stimulation, these architectural variations should be reflected in cortical responses evoked by direct electrical stimulation (DES). We sought to test this hypothesis.
Methods: DES was administered directly to different regions of the cortex while recording DCRs (direct cortical responses) in 10 patients. The shapes of the first components P0 and N1 of the signals were analyzed.
Results: The downward slope of the first component (P0) of the signal is statistically greater for responses recorded in precentral motor cortex and S1 than that of EPs recorded in more associative areas.
Conclusions: Precentral motor cortex and S1 are distinguished by the presence of larger diameter, heavily myelinated fibers. These anatomical features explain the response and the increased slope of the P0 component in these regions, compared to associative areas.
Significance: The first component of DES-evoked responses reflects myelo architecture in particular. This could form the basis of an electrodiagnostic method using the evoked response.
{"title":"Influence of myelo-architectures on direct cortical response evoked by electrical stimulation.","authors":"Clotilde Turpin, Olivier Rossel, Félix Schlosser-Perrin, Riki Matsumoto, Emmanuel Mandonnet, Sam Ng, Hugues Duffau, François Bonnetblanc","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cyto-myelo architecture vary across brain regions, particularly between primary areas (motor M1, sensory S1), the premotor cortex and the more associative areas such as the Broca, Wernicke, and other association areas. Due to the specific characteristics of electrical stimulation, these architectural variations should be reflected in cortical responses evoked by direct electrical stimulation (DES). We sought to test this hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DES was administered directly to different regions of the cortex while recording DCRs (direct cortical responses) in 10 patients. The shapes of the first components P0 and N1 of the signals were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The downward slope of the first component (P0) of the signal is statistically greater for responses recorded in precentral motor cortex and S1 than that of EPs recorded in more associative areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Precentral motor cortex and S1 are distinguished by the presence of larger diameter, heavily myelinated fibers. These anatomical features explain the response and the increased slope of the P0 component in these regions, compared to associative areas.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The first component of DES-evoked responses reflects myelo architecture in particular. This could form the basis of an electrodiagnostic method using the evoked response.</p>","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":" ","pages":"2111488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145832834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cortical tremor (CT), a rhythmic variant of cortical myoclonus (CM), is the hallmark of benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy (BAFME), though the underlying mechanism of rhythmicity remains unproven. This study aimed to reveal the cortical rhythmic activity of CT using induced activity analysis for somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP).
Methods
We investigated 46 SEP datasets from 23 patients (11 with BAFME, 12 with other CM) and 35 SEPs from 18 healthy controls. SEPs were recorded by 1.1-Hz stimuli at a sampling rate of 10,000 Hz. A short-time Fourier transform was applied to each SEP epoch, and the power spectrums were averaged. We set an analysis window of 0–150 ms and a frequency range of 0–1,000 Hz for time–frequency representation and compared the induced power changes between groups.
Results
Stimulus-induced power changes over a wide-band (0–1000 Hz) were conspicuously prominent in BAFME patients compared to both CM and controls. These activities presented repetitive and alternating increases and decreases in power and its total number of induced activities were the highest in age 40s and declined with aging.
Conclusions
We demonstrated rhythmic cortical activity in BAFME patients, which may reflect the underlying pathophysiology of CT.
Significance
Detecting the induced activity of a single somatosensory stimulus may offer novel insights into the pathophysiology of BAFME.
{"title":"Repetitive wide-band cortical power in benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy","authors":"Haruo Yamanaka , Katsuya Kobayashi , Takefumi Hitomi , Maya Tojima , Masao Matsuhashi , Kiyohide Usami , Ryosuke Takahashi , Akio Ikeda","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cortical tremor (CT), a rhythmic variant of cortical myoclonus (CM), is the hallmark of benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy (BAFME), though the underlying mechanism of rhythmicity remains unproven. This study aimed to reveal the cortical rhythmic activity of CT using induced activity analysis for somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated 46 SEP datasets from 23 patients (11 with BAFME, 12 with other CM) and 35 SEPs from 18 healthy controls. SEPs were recorded by 1.1-Hz stimuli at a sampling rate of 10,000 Hz. A short-time Fourier transform was applied to each SEP epoch, and the power spectrums were averaged. We set an analysis window of 0–150 ms and a frequency range of 0–1,000 Hz for time–frequency representation and compared the induced power changes between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Stimulus-induced power changes over a wide-band (0–1000 Hz) were conspicuously prominent in BAFME patients compared to both CM and controls. These activities presented repetitive and alternating increases and decreases in power and its total number of induced activities were the highest in age 40s and declined with aging.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We demonstrated rhythmic cortical activity in BAFME patients, which may reflect the underlying pathophysiology of CT.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Detecting the induced activity of a single somatosensory stimulus may offer novel insights into the pathophysiology of BAFME.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 2111486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111483
Marco Antonio Cavalcanti Garcia , Anaelli Aparecida Nogueira-Campos
{"title":"Revisiting the accuracy of motor evoked potential determination: The overlooked role of surface electrode montage","authors":"Marco Antonio Cavalcanti Garcia , Anaelli Aparecida Nogueira-Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 2111483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply to “Revisiting the accuracy of motor evoked potential determination: The overlooked role of surface electrode montage”","authors":"Marten Nuyts , Stefanie Verstraelen , Joana Frieske , Raf Meesen , Sybren Van Hoornweder","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 2111481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145832954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111482
Melker Hagsäter , Jonatan Malmros , Jonas Persson , Jonas Jester-Broms , Robert Bodén
{"title":"The integrity of double-blinding of continuous theta-burst stimulation targeting the supplementary motor area in a within-subjects design","authors":"Melker Hagsäter , Jonatan Malmros , Jonas Persson , Jonas Jester-Broms , Robert Bodén","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 2111482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145827109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111480
Karlo J. Lizarraga , Robert Chen
{"title":"Clinical neurophysiology in movement disorders: toward integration into systems-based practice","authors":"Karlo J. Lizarraga , Robert Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10671,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 2111480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145780522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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