: Among the environmental contaminants in water, heavy metals and other pollutants are becoming a common occurrence. To solve this issue, the process of phytoremediation was utilized to clear up polluted media. Heavy metal and other pollution contamination of water is becoming more common, which has prompted a conversation that goes beyond heavy metals. These "other pollutants" include a wide range of materials, such as nutrients, suspended particles, bacteria, and organic compounds like pesticides, medicines, and industrial chemicals. There are several removal approaches available to address this complex issue. The removal of specific compounds and suspended materials is the goal of physical techniques like coagulation and chemical treatments like filtering. Biological treatments use natural mechanisms to break down organic contaminants and nutrients, such as bacteria or plants. Reactive agents are used in advanced oxidation procedures like UV irradiation and ozonation to break down pollutants. Technologies, including reverse osmosis and distillation, as well as ion exchange and adsorption, are essential for eliminating contaminants from water sources. The review shows applying the phytoremediation technique with ornamental plants that have the ability to absorb and store such heavy metals in their roots and leaves. The methods were used to determine the intake and the location of accumulation in these plants discussed respectively. To compare the levels of the heavy metals accumulated in the plant, samples were digested, dried, and subjected to several phytoremediation procedures. The use of biological remediation has drawn a lot of interest recently because of its inexpensive longterm application costs and environmental friendliness. The use of ornamental plants in phytoremediation has received little attention, and the effects of heavy metals on ornamental plants have not been extensively studied as well. Remediation of the heavy metals mediated by ornamental plants can simultaneously eliminate toxins and improve the site's appearance. The current purification techniques used to remove contaminants from wastewater are not only exceedingly expensive, but they also have a detrimental effect on the environment. The environmentally friendly process known as phytoremediation offers a cost-effective and ecologically sound alternative to the present, very expensive cleanup techniques. Some ornamental plants are suited to ingesting heavy metals and other pollutants where the maximal concentration can be determined. This method effectively removes, detoxifies, or immobilizes heavy metals using aquatic plants and ornamental plants. Review highlights include current understanding of heavy metal toxicity to ornamental plants, benefits of their application, ways to increase ornamental plants' tolerance with increased heavy metals absorption, field problems, and potential applications in the future. The assessment has been focused on the interdisciplinary
{"title":"Review on Phytoremediation: Toxic Heavy Metal Removal","authors":"Rajesh Nithyanandam, Moontarij Jahan Orvy, Rajavarsini Rajesh, Rupika Rajendran, Jyotsna SudhiMithran","doi":"10.2174/0115734110286256240116061511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110286256240116061511","url":null,"abstract":": Among the environmental contaminants in water, heavy metals and other pollutants are becoming a common occurrence. To solve this issue, the process of phytoremediation was utilized to clear up polluted media. Heavy metal and other pollution contamination of water is becoming more common, which has prompted a conversation that goes beyond heavy metals. These \"other pollutants\" include a wide range of materials, such as nutrients, suspended particles, bacteria, and organic compounds like pesticides, medicines, and industrial chemicals. There are several removal approaches available to address this complex issue. The removal of specific compounds and suspended materials is the goal of physical techniques like coagulation and chemical treatments like filtering. Biological treatments use natural mechanisms to break down organic contaminants and nutrients, such as bacteria or plants. Reactive agents are used in advanced oxidation procedures like UV irradiation and ozonation to break down pollutants. Technologies, including reverse osmosis and distillation, as well as ion exchange and adsorption, are essential for eliminating contaminants from water sources. The review shows applying the phytoremediation technique with ornamental plants that have the ability to absorb and store such heavy metals in their roots and leaves. The methods were used to determine the intake and the location of accumulation in these plants discussed respectively. To compare the levels of the heavy metals accumulated in the plant, samples were digested, dried, and subjected to several phytoremediation procedures. The use of biological remediation has drawn a lot of interest recently because of its inexpensive longterm application costs and environmental friendliness. The use of ornamental plants in phytoremediation has received little attention, and the effects of heavy metals on ornamental plants have not been extensively studied as well. Remediation of the heavy metals mediated by ornamental plants can simultaneously eliminate toxins and improve the site's appearance. The current purification techniques used to remove contaminants from wastewater are not only exceedingly expensive, but they also have a detrimental effect on the environment. The environmentally friendly process known as phytoremediation offers a cost-effective and ecologically sound alternative to the present, very expensive cleanup techniques. Some ornamental plants are suited to ingesting heavy metals and other pollutants where the maximal concentration can be determined. This method effectively removes, detoxifies, or immobilizes heavy metals using aquatic plants and ornamental plants. Review highlights include current understanding of heavy metal toxicity to ornamental plants, benefits of their application, ways to increase ornamental plants' tolerance with increased heavy metals absorption, field problems, and potential applications in the future. The assessment has been focused on the interdisciplinary ","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139551956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.2174/0115734110288231231229105645
Yudina Lidiya I., Skripkina Tatiana S., Shatskaya Svetlana S.
Background: Brown coals are recognized as promising sources of rare earth elements (REEs). Rare earths are present in both the mineral and organic parts of brown coal. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of preliminary mechanical activation in the process of sample preparation prior to analyzing the concentrations of rare earth elements in brown coal samples of various origins and compositions. Methods: Four coal samples from different deposits in Russia were selected for the study. Samples were treated with mechanical activation, without reagents, or mechanochemical activation, with humic acids added externally as reagents. X-ray phase analysis was carried out with the selected samples. The quantities of rare-earth elements present in the samples were studied by the method of high-sensitivity inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: It was found that the mechanical activation of coal before dissolution in a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids leads to an increase in the determined concentration of rare earth elements. For this study, the expediency of using only nitric acid as an optimal solvent for the elemental analysis of coal samples was shown. The total concentration of all REE after dissolution of nitric acid and mechanochemical activation with humic acid reached 2456 g/t in Vanchin coal, 968 g/t in Azeysky coal, and 24 g/t and 150 g/t in Itatsky and Spetsugli coals, respectively. Conclusion: Mechanical activation and mechanochemical treatment can greatly help to facilitate sample preparation of natural objects, such as coals for elemental analysis, but in some cases, only a change of solvent is sufficient. When developing technology for concentrating rare earth elements from coal involving grinding, it is necessary to take into account the fact that mechanical activation of coal changes its tendency to dissolve, which may affect the results of the analysis and should be taken into account during experiments.
{"title":"Mechanical Activation as a Stage of Coal Sample Preparation in the Analysis of Rare Earth Elements Content by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Yudina Lidiya I., Skripkina Tatiana S., Shatskaya Svetlana S.","doi":"10.2174/0115734110288231231229105645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110288231231229105645","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brown coals are recognized as promising sources of rare earth elements (REEs). Rare earths are present in both the mineral and organic parts of brown coal. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of preliminary mechanical activation in the process of sample preparation prior to analyzing the concentrations of rare earth elements in brown coal samples of various origins and compositions. Methods: Four coal samples from different deposits in Russia were selected for the study. Samples were treated with mechanical activation, without reagents, or mechanochemical activation, with humic acids added externally as reagents. X-ray phase analysis was carried out with the selected samples. The quantities of rare-earth elements present in the samples were studied by the method of high-sensitivity inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: It was found that the mechanical activation of coal before dissolution in a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids leads to an increase in the determined concentration of rare earth elements. For this study, the expediency of using only nitric acid as an optimal solvent for the elemental analysis of coal samples was shown. The total concentration of all REE after dissolution of nitric acid and mechanochemical activation with humic acid reached 2456 g/t in Vanchin coal, 968 g/t in Azeysky coal, and 24 g/t and 150 g/t in Itatsky and Spetsugli coals, respectively. Conclusion: Mechanical activation and mechanochemical treatment can greatly help to facilitate sample preparation of natural objects, such as coals for elemental analysis, but in some cases, only a change of solvent is sufficient. When developing technology for concentrating rare earth elements from coal involving grinding, it is necessary to take into account the fact that mechanical activation of coal changes its tendency to dissolve, which may affect the results of the analysis and should be taken into account during experiments.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.2174/0115734110277408231226075200
Girish Chandra Arya
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant medical condition with rising incidence and fatality rates. According to WHO, around 422 million individuals globally have diabetes, the majority of whom live in low and middle-income economies. Diabetes is entirely responsible for 1.5 million fatalities yearly. Researchers are concentrating on plant derivatives due to the higher toxicity of conventional allopathic medicines. Antidiabetic agents and other medications, including from plants, are significant. Pyracantha crenulata is a significant plant recognized for its various therapeutic applications. It contains many phytoconstituents that give antidiabetic efficiency. In order to investigate the antidiabetic efficacy of Pyracantha crenulata phytoconstituents, a study was conducted using PDB IDs IUOK. The research was focused on the analysis of molecular docking and ADME and toxicity studies. Objective: This study aimed to propose a mechanism for the antidiabetic activity of Pyracantha crenulata phytoconstituents based on molecular docking studies. Method: The phytoconstituents of Pyracantha crenulata were docked using the PyRx Virtual Screening software, and the ADME study was evaluated. Results: The results of molecular docking showed that many phytocosntituents of Pyracantha crenulata have higher dock scores against antidiabetic action than conventional drugs Conclusion: Based on molecular docking study, different chemical constituents may act as potent inhibitors of diabetic proteins IUOK. By using the outcome of the research, new anti-diabetic medications could be designed.
{"title":"A Systematic Study of Pyracantha crenulata Phytoconstituents for their Anti-Diabetic Activity Using Computational Techniques","authors":"Girish Chandra Arya","doi":"10.2174/0115734110277408231226075200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110277408231226075200","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant medical condition with rising incidence and fatality rates. According to WHO, around 422 million individuals globally have diabetes, the majority of whom live in low and middle-income economies. Diabetes is entirely responsible for 1.5 million fatalities yearly. Researchers are concentrating on plant derivatives due to the higher toxicity of conventional allopathic medicines. Antidiabetic agents and other medications, including from plants, are significant. Pyracantha crenulata is a significant plant recognized for its various therapeutic applications. It contains many phytoconstituents that give antidiabetic efficiency. In order to investigate the antidiabetic efficacy of Pyracantha crenulata phytoconstituents, a study was conducted using PDB IDs IUOK. The research was focused on the analysis of molecular docking and ADME and toxicity studies. Objective: This study aimed to propose a mechanism for the antidiabetic activity of Pyracantha crenulata phytoconstituents based on molecular docking studies. Method: The phytoconstituents of Pyracantha crenulata were docked using the PyRx Virtual Screening software, and the ADME study was evaluated. Results: The results of molecular docking showed that many phytocosntituents of Pyracantha crenulata have higher dock scores against antidiabetic action than conventional drugs Conclusion: Based on molecular docking study, different chemical constituents may act as potent inhibitors of diabetic proteins IUOK. By using the outcome of the research, new anti-diabetic medications could be designed.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.2174/0115734110280476240105074537
Meman Sahu, Vanshika Sharma, Goutam Kumar Patra
: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a crystalline material, are a new type of inorganicorganic hybrid material. MOFs are of great interest to researchers in chemistry and material science due to their various chemical and physical properties, and features include their remarkable surface area, high porosity, flexibility, structural variety, flexibility, extreme porosity, a large surface area, augmented adsorption/desorption kinetics, biocompatibility and functional tunability. MOFs are multi-dimensional crystals and have extended net-like frameworks from molecular building units such as inorganic metal nodes and organic linkers. The structurally diverse MOFs have found applications in chemical sensing and several other fields, such as energy applications, biomedicine, and catalysis. Numerous researchers from other fields have been drawn to this topic by the intrinsic potential to absorb gas molecules, which has led to the applications of gas storage and heterogeneous catalysis. Because of their low framework density, open metal sites for interaction, adjustable pore size, fast response with high sensitivity and selectivity, and real-time monitoring, luminescent metalorganic frameworks, or LMOFs, have piqued the interest of a large scientific community as a promising candidate for sensor applications. A number of characteristics, including non-toxicity, biodegradability, and reasonably priced, varied functionality, are important factors in the use of MOFs in chemo- and biosensing. MOFs can be very promising candidates as selective and sensitive chemosensors for the detection of cations, anions, small molecules, gases and explosives. In this manuscript, we address recent research advances in the use of metal-organic-framework-based luminescent sensors for detecting some small molecules and various metal ions in aqueous biological and environmental samples. A wide range of materials may be reached in the emerging field of synthetic and material chemistry, thanks to the capacity to change the pore size and chemically functionalize its nature without changing its architecture
{"title":"Metal-organic Frameworks: Emerging Luminescent Sensors","authors":"Meman Sahu, Vanshika Sharma, Goutam Kumar Patra","doi":"10.2174/0115734110280476240105074537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110280476240105074537","url":null,"abstract":": Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a crystalline material, are a new type of inorganicorganic hybrid material. MOFs are of great interest to researchers in chemistry and material science due to their various chemical and physical properties, and features include their remarkable surface area, high porosity, flexibility, structural variety, flexibility, extreme porosity, a large surface area, augmented adsorption/desorption kinetics, biocompatibility and functional tunability. MOFs are multi-dimensional crystals and have extended net-like frameworks from molecular building units such as inorganic metal nodes and organic linkers. The structurally diverse MOFs have found applications in chemical sensing and several other fields, such as energy applications, biomedicine, and catalysis. Numerous researchers from other fields have been drawn to this topic by the intrinsic potential to absorb gas molecules, which has led to the applications of gas storage and heterogeneous catalysis. Because of their low framework density, open metal sites for interaction, adjustable pore size, fast response with high sensitivity and selectivity, and real-time monitoring, luminescent metalorganic frameworks, or LMOFs, have piqued the interest of a large scientific community as a promising candidate for sensor applications. A number of characteristics, including non-toxicity, biodegradability, and reasonably priced, varied functionality, are important factors in the use of MOFs in chemo- and biosensing. MOFs can be very promising candidates as selective and sensitive chemosensors for the detection of cations, anions, small molecules, gases and explosives. In this manuscript, we address recent research advances in the use of metal-organic-framework-based luminescent sensors for detecting some small molecules and various metal ions in aqueous biological and environmental samples. A wide range of materials may be reached in the emerging field of synthetic and material chemistry, thanks to the capacity to change the pore size and chemically functionalize its nature without changing its architecture","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.2174/0115734110278487231224055728
Suresh Sunuwar, Carlos E. Manzanares
Introduction: This paper first introduces the use of computer-simulated single-band synchronous fluorescence (SF) obtained from experimental excitation and emission fluorescence spectra of a pure compound in solution. The simulation produces a single narrow band with a peak wavelength that identifies the compound. Method: The method is used to show single peak identification of benzene, chlorobenzene, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, and mellitic acid in water solutions. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) is a variant of fluorescence technique in which excitation and emission scans are simultaneously acquired and multiplied with a predetermined wavelength difference (Δλ) between the two. Commercial instruments have this option to get the SFS signals. Result: In response to the Δλ selected, the result will be an SFS signal producing a series of peaks that could be assigned to compounds. Instead of running the same experiment with different Δλ values to identify the compounds, our simulation program determines a specific Δλ value that generates a narrow SF band with a distinctive peak wavelength for identification purposes. Conclusion: Finally, binary mixtures of chlorobenzene with each compound in water are prepared. The SFS of the solution is acquired and compared with the SFS bands of the components for identification purposes. With the commercial lamp fluorimeter employed, the limits of detection are obtained at the ng/g concentration level with fluorescence emission. Possible limits of detection at lower concentrations are discussed using a laser source. The presence of these molecules in astrochemical studies is discussed.
{"title":"Identification and Limit of Detection of Benzene, Chlorobenzene, Benzoic Acid, Phthalic Acid, and Mellitic Acid in Water Solutions Using Excitation, Emission, and Single-band Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy","authors":"Suresh Sunuwar, Carlos E. Manzanares","doi":"10.2174/0115734110278487231224055728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110278487231224055728","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This paper first introduces the use of computer-simulated single-band synchronous fluorescence (SF) obtained from experimental excitation and emission fluorescence spectra of a pure compound in solution. The simulation produces a single narrow band with a peak wavelength that identifies the compound. Method: The method is used to show single peak identification of benzene, chlorobenzene, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, and mellitic acid in water solutions. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) is a variant of fluorescence technique in which excitation and emission scans are simultaneously acquired and multiplied with a predetermined wavelength difference (Δλ) between the two. Commercial instruments have this option to get the SFS signals. Result: In response to the Δλ selected, the result will be an SFS signal producing a series of peaks that could be assigned to compounds. Instead of running the same experiment with different Δλ values to identify the compounds, our simulation program determines a specific Δλ value that generates a narrow SF band with a distinctive peak wavelength for identification purposes. Conclusion: Finally, binary mixtures of chlorobenzene with each compound in water are prepared. The SFS of the solution is acquired and compared with the SFS bands of the components for identification purposes. With the commercial lamp fluorimeter employed, the limits of detection are obtained at the ng/g concentration level with fluorescence emission. Possible limits of detection at lower concentrations are discussed using a laser source. The presence of these molecules in astrochemical studies is discussed.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.2174/0115734110277255240102094823
Ani A. Grigoryan, Ani A. Hayrapetyan, Zhermen A. Azaryan, Siranush V. Harutyunyan, Aleksandr P. Yengoyan
Background: Oxidative damage to biological molecules is mainly caused by free radicals produced in the body. Natural antioxidants can prevent the resulting oxidative stress. For this purpose, particularly grapes and grape products, which contain vitamins and polyphenolic substances with high antioxidant activity, are used. Methods: In the present study, the content of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and some flavonoids ((+)-catechin, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol) in the composition of 19 brands of red wines that are produced in Armenia, was determined by HPLC. Vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, as well as flavonoids manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich were used as standards. Results: The amounts of vitamin E and beta-carotene were below the sensitivity threshold of the method, and the content of vitamins C and flavonoids varied over a wide range (vitamins C 2.15- 56.1, (+)-catechin 0-620.3; quercetin 0-10.55; trans-resveratrol 0-5.89 mg/L). Conclusion: The chromatographic analysis of vitamins and flavonoids allowed us to investigate not only the content of useful substances that make up red wines but also to identify counterfeit products. In this study, wines presented directly to retailers were analyzed since the task was both to determine vitamins and flavonoids and to identify counterfeits. The results of our study showed that among all the selected wine brands, there were no samples that, in terms of their properties, would not meet the required parameters.
背景：生物分子的氧化损伤主要是由体内产生的自由基引起的。天然抗氧化剂可以防止由此产生的氧化压力。为此，人们特别使用葡萄和葡萄制品，因为它们含有维生素和多酚类物质，具有很高的抗氧化活性。研究方法在本研究中，采用高效液相色谱法测定了亚美尼亚生产的 19 种品牌红葡萄酒成分中维生素 C 和 E、β-胡萝卜素以及某些类黄酮（(+)-儿茶素、槲皮素和反式白藜芦醇）的含量。以维生素 C、E、β-胡萝卜素以及 Sigma-Aldrich 公司生产的类黄酮为标准。结果维生素 E 和β-胡萝卜素的含量低于该方法的灵敏度阈值，维生素 C 和类黄酮的含量变化范围较大（维生素 C 2.15-56.1，(+)-儿茶素 0-620.3，槲皮素 0-10.55，反式白藜芦醇 0-5.89 mg/L）。结论通过对维生素和黄酮类化合物的色谱分析，我们不仅可以研究红葡萄酒中有用物质的含量，还可以识别假冒产品。在这项研究中，我们分析了直接卖给零售商的葡萄酒，因为我们的任务既是测定维生素和类黄酮，也是识别假冒产品。研究结果表明，在所有被选中的葡萄酒品牌中，没有任何样品的特性不符合所需的参数。
{"title":"HPLC Analysis of Vitamins C, E, Beta-carotene, and Some Flavonoids in Armenian Red Wines","authors":"Ani A. Grigoryan, Ani A. Hayrapetyan, Zhermen A. Azaryan, Siranush V. Harutyunyan, Aleksandr P. Yengoyan","doi":"10.2174/0115734110277255240102094823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110277255240102094823","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oxidative damage to biological molecules is mainly caused by free radicals produced in the body. Natural antioxidants can prevent the resulting oxidative stress. For this purpose, particularly grapes and grape products, which contain vitamins and polyphenolic substances with high antioxidant activity, are used. Methods: In the present study, the content of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and some flavonoids ((+)-catechin, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol) in the composition of 19 brands of red wines that are produced in Armenia, was determined by HPLC. Vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, as well as flavonoids manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich were used as standards. Results: The amounts of vitamin E and beta-carotene were below the sensitivity threshold of the method, and the content of vitamins C and flavonoids varied over a wide range (vitamins C 2.15- 56.1, (+)-catechin 0-620.3; quercetin 0-10.55; trans-resveratrol 0-5.89 mg/L). Conclusion: The chromatographic analysis of vitamins and flavonoids allowed us to investigate not only the content of useful substances that make up red wines but also to identify counterfeit products. In this study, wines presented directly to retailers were analyzed since the task was both to determine vitamins and flavonoids and to identify counterfeits. The results of our study showed that among all the selected wine brands, there were no samples that, in terms of their properties, would not meet the required parameters.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.2174/0115734110286784231221054217
Babak Mikaeeli Kangarshahi, S. M. Naghib
An immediate and precise diagnosis is required due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Labelfree electrochemical biosensors show promise as potentially valuable instruments for detecting COVID-19. These biosensors are distinguished by their lack of complexity, high speed, sensitivity, and relatively low cost. The precise COVID-19 biomarkers may be recognized without labeling or amplification by detecting the electrical signal created by direct contact between the target analyte and the identification element positioned on the electrode surface. This can be done by placing the electrode in contact with the target analyte, which will amplify the signal. It has been shown that using gold screen printed electrodes, also known as Au SPE, is beneficial when used as an electrode material in label-free electrochemical biosensors. This review study examines and contrasts the performance of several label-free electrochemical biosensors that use Au SPE to detect COVID-19. The merits and limitations of each biosensor will also be discussed. These biosensors use recognition components like DNA, RNA, antibody, aptamer, and MIP and depend on various indicators, such as viral RNA, viral protein, and host antibody. In addition, an analysis of the difficulties and possibilities that may present within this burgeoning subject is carried out. This includes the enhancement of sensor selectivity and stability, optimizing sensor manufacture and design, integrating the sensor with portable readout equipment, and validating the sensor's effectiveness via the use of genuine clinical samples. It can be reasoned out that label-free electrochemical biosensors that make use of gold screen-printed electrodes (Au SPE) have a significant amount of potential for the detection of COVID-19. However, further study is required to address various difficulties, improve their dependability, and broaden the range of applications for these technologies.
{"title":"Label-free Electrochemical Nanobiosensors using Au-SPE for COVID-19\u0000Detection: A Comparative Review of Different Biomarkers and Recognition\u0000Elements","authors":"Babak Mikaeeli Kangarshahi, S. M. Naghib","doi":"10.2174/0115734110286784231221054217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110286784231221054217","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000An immediate and precise diagnosis is required due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Labelfree electrochemical biosensors show promise as potentially valuable instruments for detecting\u0000COVID-19. These biosensors are distinguished by their lack of complexity, high speed, sensitivity,\u0000and relatively low cost. The precise COVID-19 biomarkers may be recognized without labeling or\u0000amplification by detecting the electrical signal created by direct contact between the target analyte\u0000and the identification element positioned on the electrode surface. This can be done by placing the\u0000electrode in contact with the target analyte, which will amplify the signal. It has been shown that\u0000using gold screen printed electrodes, also known as Au SPE, is beneficial when used as an electrode\u0000material in label-free electrochemical biosensors. This review study examines and contrasts the performance of several label-free electrochemical biosensors that use Au SPE to detect COVID-19. The\u0000merits and limitations of each biosensor will also be discussed. These biosensors use recognition\u0000components like DNA, RNA, antibody, aptamer, and MIP and depend on various indicators, such as\u0000viral RNA, viral protein, and host antibody. In addition, an analysis of the difficulties and possibilities that may present within this burgeoning subject is carried out. This includes the enhancement of\u0000sensor selectivity and stability, optimizing sensor manufacture and design, integrating the sensor\u0000with portable readout equipment, and validating the sensor's effectiveness via the use of genuine\u0000clinical samples. It can be reasoned out that label-free electrochemical biosensors that make use of\u0000gold screen-printed electrodes (Au SPE) have a significant amount of potential for the detection of\u0000COVID-19. However, further study is required to address various difficulties, improve their dependability, and broaden the range of applications for these technologies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.2174/0115734110276595231222050709
Jahfar Nalakath, Rasik PT, Praseen OK, Shamil P, N Selvapalam, ER Nagarajan
Background: Detection and identification of a wide range of drugs, including small peptides, corticosteroids, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), and quaternary ammonium drugs (QADs), are imperative across several domains, particularly in anti-doping analysis, given the potential misuse of these substances in animal sports, there is an urgent demand for an allencompassing screening method to effectively identify these compounds. Objective: To develop a robust and sensitive high-resolution method for simultaneous screening of small peptides, corticosteroids, SARMs, and QADs using liquid chromatography accurate mass spectrometry in post-race urine samples. This method integrates a streamlined single-stage extraction approach, significantly enhancing efficiency and adaptability for screening drugs across various classes. Method: The method development and validation involved a comprehensive solid-phase extraction protocol, which included a sequential elution for corticosteroids, small peptides, SARMs, and QADs. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase C18 column, and the analysis was performed using liquid chromatography - high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Results: The developed method was validated using a selection of drugs representing each class. The method exhibited robustness and sensitivity, enabling the simultaneous screening of the specified drug classes. The flexibility inherent in the proposed extraction and analysis method allows for seamless integration of new drug candidates eliminating the need for method redevelopment. Conclusion: A versatile and effective screening method was successfully developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of small peptides, corticosteroids, SARMs, and QADs. The method's ability for retrospective analysis of emerging drugs using full scan HRMS enhances its utility. This method holds great promise across various fields where accurate and comprehensive drug screening is imperative.
{"title":"Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Detection of Corticosteroids, Small Peptides, SARMs and Quaternary Ammonium Drugs in Camel Urine for Doping Control Applications","authors":"Jahfar Nalakath, Rasik PT, Praseen OK, Shamil P, N Selvapalam, ER Nagarajan","doi":"10.2174/0115734110276595231222050709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110276595231222050709","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Detection and identification of a wide range of drugs, including small peptides, corticosteroids, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), and quaternary ammonium drugs (QADs), are imperative across several domains, particularly in anti-doping analysis, given the potential misuse of these substances in animal sports, there is an urgent demand for an allencompassing screening method to effectively identify these compounds. Objective: To develop a robust and sensitive high-resolution method for simultaneous screening of small peptides, corticosteroids, SARMs, and QADs using liquid chromatography accurate mass spectrometry in post-race urine samples. This method integrates a streamlined single-stage extraction approach, significantly enhancing efficiency and adaptability for screening drugs across various classes. Method: The method development and validation involved a comprehensive solid-phase extraction protocol, which included a sequential elution for corticosteroids, small peptides, SARMs, and QADs. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase C18 column, and the analysis was performed using liquid chromatography - high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Results: The developed method was validated using a selection of drugs representing each class. The method exhibited robustness and sensitivity, enabling the simultaneous screening of the specified drug classes. The flexibility inherent in the proposed extraction and analysis method allows for seamless integration of new drug candidates eliminating the need for method redevelopment. Conclusion: A versatile and effective screening method was successfully developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of small peptides, corticosteroids, SARMs, and QADs. The method's ability for retrospective analysis of emerging drugs using full scan HRMS enhances its utility. This method holds great promise across various fields where accurate and comprehensive drug screening is imperative.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139410361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.2174/0115734110281768231226115944
Reem M. Abuhejail, Nourah Z. Alzoman, Ibrahim A. Darwish
Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are mostly prescribed for the treatment of depression. This study describes the microscale in-microwell formation of blue-colored N-vinylamino-naphthoquinone derivatives of SSRIs upon their reaction with 2,3-dichloro-1,4- naphthoquinone (DCNQ) and acetaldehyde. The reaction was subsequently utilized as a basis for the development of a new simple and sensitive microwell spectrophotometric method (MW-SPM) for the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations of four SSRIs. These SSRIs are fluoxetine (FLU), sertraline (SER), paroxetine (PAR), and reboxetine (REB). Methods: The MW-SPM procedure was performed in 96-microwell transparent plates, and the microplate reader was employed to measure the absorbances of the reaction products at their peak absorbance wavelength of 580 nm. The best conditions for the method were determined. Results: The relations showed good linearity (correlation coefficients were ≥0.9992) in the concentration range of 5 – 600 µg/mL. The limits of detection ranged from 5.20 to 15.58 µg/mL. The precision was deemed acceptable since all cases' relative standard deviation (RSD) values remained below 2.21%. Recovery experiments were conducted to confirm the accuracy of the method, yielding recovery values of at least 97.8%. The MW-SPM method was effectively utilized to analyze SSRIs in both their bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms, exhibiting acceptable accuracy and precision. The recovery values ranged from 99.4% to 101.0% (with a margin of error of ± 0.5% to 1.6%). The results were comparable with those of the pre-validated reported methods. Four different metric tools evaluated the greenness of the proposed method, and the results proved that the method fulfills the requirements of green analytical approaches. Furthermore, the ability to handle numerous microvolume samples simultaneously in the described method provides it with a high-throughput characteristic. Conclusion: The proposed MW-SPM represents a valuable tool for an efficient analysis of SSRIs in pharmaceutical quality control units.
{"title":"New Green and High-throughput Microwell Spectrophotometric Method for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Formulations of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors via Microscale Formation of their N-Vinylaminonaphthoquinone Derivatives","authors":"Reem M. Abuhejail, Nourah Z. Alzoman, Ibrahim A. Darwish","doi":"10.2174/0115734110281768231226115944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110281768231226115944","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are mostly prescribed for the treatment of depression. This study describes the microscale in-microwell formation of blue-colored N-vinylamino-naphthoquinone derivatives of SSRIs upon their reaction with 2,3-dichloro-1,4- naphthoquinone (DCNQ) and acetaldehyde. The reaction was subsequently utilized as a basis for the development of a new simple and sensitive microwell spectrophotometric method (MW-SPM) for the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations of four SSRIs. These SSRIs are fluoxetine (FLU), sertraline (SER), paroxetine (PAR), and reboxetine (REB). Methods: The MW-SPM procedure was performed in 96-microwell transparent plates, and the microplate reader was employed to measure the absorbances of the reaction products at their peak absorbance wavelength of 580 nm. The best conditions for the method were determined. Results: The relations showed good linearity (correlation coefficients were ≥0.9992) in the concentration range of 5 – 600 µg/mL. The limits of detection ranged from 5.20 to 15.58 µg/mL. The precision was deemed acceptable since all cases' relative standard deviation (RSD) values remained below 2.21%. Recovery experiments were conducted to confirm the accuracy of the method, yielding recovery values of at least 97.8%. The MW-SPM method was effectively utilized to analyze SSRIs in both their bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms, exhibiting acceptable accuracy and precision. The recovery values ranged from 99.4% to 101.0% (with a margin of error of ± 0.5% to 1.6%). The results were comparable with those of the pre-validated reported methods. Four different metric tools evaluated the greenness of the proposed method, and the results proved that the method fulfills the requirements of green analytical approaches. Furthermore, the ability to handle numerous microvolume samples simultaneously in the described method provides it with a high-throughput characteristic. Conclusion: The proposed MW-SPM represents a valuable tool for an efficient analysis of SSRIs in pharmaceutical quality control units.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139062781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.2174/0115734110284608231206110840
Vaishnavi Venugopal Iyer, Rajapriya Rajendran, Stalin Selvaraj
: Sarcosine is currently identified as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer. It is n-methyl derivative of glycine, which is naturally present in muscle and body tissues. Studies indicate that a delay in the treatment of prostate cancer is often due to its diagnosis not being possible at earlier stages. Also, plasma and urine samples with increased sarcosine concentration exhibit a higher probability of this cancer development, therefore, it is safe to proceed with them as biomarkers. Correspondingly, a sarcosine biosensor can be used for early detection of this cancer. Driven by this, in this review, we have discussed various types of biosensors for the detection of sarcosine. The review includes an overview of biosensors with their working principle, and discussion of the methodologies used, starting from conventional chromatographic methods to exclusive nanotechnology-based biosensors. This imbibes various techniques involved in the detection of sarcosine from urine and blood samples. We also critically evaluated the different reports for sarcosine detection based on materials used, techniques employed, limit of detection (LOD), linear range, sensitivity, and cost. We believe that this review retains its novelty in providing a vision of existing advancements with intricate details of their features, thus enabling the further development of biosensors for prostate cancer.
{"title":"Colorimetric and Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Sarcosine, A potential Biomarker for Prostate Cancer: A Review","authors":"Vaishnavi Venugopal Iyer, Rajapriya Rajendran, Stalin Selvaraj","doi":"10.2174/0115734110284608231206110840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110284608231206110840","url":null,"abstract":": Sarcosine is currently identified as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer. It is n-methyl derivative of glycine, which is naturally present in muscle and body tissues. Studies indicate that a delay in the treatment of prostate cancer is often due to its diagnosis not being possible at earlier stages. Also, plasma and urine samples with increased sarcosine concentration exhibit a higher probability of this cancer development, therefore, it is safe to proceed with them as biomarkers. Correspondingly, a sarcosine biosensor can be used for early detection of this cancer. Driven by this, in this review, we have discussed various types of biosensors for the detection of sarcosine. The review includes an overview of biosensors with their working principle, and discussion of the methodologies used, starting from conventional chromatographic methods to exclusive nanotechnology-based biosensors. This imbibes various techniques involved in the detection of sarcosine from urine and blood samples. We also critically evaluated the different reports for sarcosine detection based on materials used, techniques employed, limit of detection (LOD), linear range, sensitivity, and cost. We believe that this review retains its novelty in providing a vision of existing advancements with intricate details of their features, thus enabling the further development of biosensors for prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139051134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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