Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.2174/0115734110287852240228064645
Aditya Kurdekar, Venkataramaniah Kamisetti
: In diagnostic technologies, searching for quick, accurate, and cost-efficient ways to confirm diseases has prompted the investigation of alternative methodologies to classic PCR-based tests. This article delves into the growing field of nanoparticle-based immunoassays, offering a comprehensive evaluation of their potential as viable alternatives to PCR for disease diagnostics. We discuss the basic principles of nanoparticle-based immunoassays, highlighting their distinctive capacity to combine the specialized binding characteristics of antibodies with the improved detection capacities of nanoparticles. The article compares the performance attributes of nanoparticle-based immunoassays compared to PCR, focusing on sensitivity, specificity, and detection speed. We further delve into a novel diagnostic technology, immuno-PCR, which integrates the strengths of immunoassays and PCR techniques. Healthcare systems and stakeholders must comprehend and implement novel diagnostic procedures emphasizing accuracy and sensitivity as the diagnostic landscape advances globally. This review contributes to the advancement of diagnostics by synthesizing current research and suggesting future directions for development. It highlights the transformative potential of current and emerging methods in shaping the future of disease diagnostics.
{"title":"Advancing Diagnostics: Evaluating the Potential of Nanoparticle-Based Immunoassays as PCR Alternatives for Disease Confirmation","authors":"Aditya Kurdekar, Venkataramaniah Kamisetti","doi":"10.2174/0115734110287852240228064645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110287852240228064645","url":null,"abstract":": In diagnostic technologies, searching for quick, accurate, and cost-efficient ways to confirm diseases has prompted the investigation of alternative methodologies to classic PCR-based tests. This article delves into the growing field of nanoparticle-based immunoassays, offering a comprehensive evaluation of their potential as viable alternatives to PCR for disease diagnostics. We discuss the basic principles of nanoparticle-based immunoassays, highlighting their distinctive capacity to combine the specialized binding characteristics of antibodies with the improved detection capacities of nanoparticles. The article compares the performance attributes of nanoparticle-based immunoassays compared to PCR, focusing on sensitivity, specificity, and detection speed. We further delve into a novel diagnostic technology, immuno-PCR, which integrates the strengths of immunoassays and PCR techniques. Healthcare systems and stakeholders must comprehend and implement novel diagnostic procedures emphasizing accuracy and sensitivity as the diagnostic landscape advances globally. This review contributes to the advancement of diagnostics by synthesizing current research and suggesting future directions for development. It highlights the transformative potential of current and emerging methods in shaping the future of disease diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140116384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.2174/0115734110295747240305061230
Harshala Parab, Rahul Sirvi, Shrutika Kadam, Pranesh Sengupta, Sangita D. Kumar, Uttam K. Bhui
Background:: A safe and long-term isolation of radionuclides is crucial for efficient waste management in the nuclear fuel cycle. Clay minerals of geological origin are considered candidate barrier materials for the sequestration of nuclear waste for geological disposal applications. Objective:: The present study encompasses a systematic characterization of weathered basalt rock and the influence of its constituent clay minerals (formed mainly due to the weathering process) in the uptake of metal ions of nuclear importance, such as cesium (Cs+) and strontium (Sr2+). Method:: The structural profile of the weathered basalt has been investigated using different analytical techniques, including polarizing microscope, XRD, FTIR and EDXRF. The sorption behaviour of the rock sample for Cs+ and Sr2+ has been investigated in a comprehensive batch mode by varying the experimental conditions. The analytical findings for structure and batch sorption performance of the material have been further correlated to understand the influence of different parameters on the uptake of metal ions and the underlying mechanism. Results:: Structural analyses confirmed the presence of clay minerals viz., kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite in the sample. A comprehensive sorption performance assessment carried out in batch mode at different experimental conditions revealed that the uptake of both the metal ions was rapid and dependent on initial metal ion concentration and solution pH. The uptake of Cs+ ions was found to be higher as compared to the Sr2+ ions. EDXRF analysis confirmed the loading of Cs+ and Sr2+ on the weathered basalt. Experimental batch sorption data presented a better agreement with the theoretical Freundlich isotherm pertaining to the heterogeneous nature of the sorbent. Conclusion:: The studies highlight that the clay minerals formed by structural alteration of basalt rock upon intense weathering could be very useful in fixing the nuclear fission waste components such as Cs+ and Sr2+.
{"title":"Sorption Efficacy of Weathered Basalt Rock for Metal Ions of Nuclear Importance","authors":"Harshala Parab, Rahul Sirvi, Shrutika Kadam, Pranesh Sengupta, Sangita D. Kumar, Uttam K. Bhui","doi":"10.2174/0115734110295747240305061230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110295747240305061230","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: A safe and long-term isolation of radionuclides is crucial for efficient waste management in the nuclear fuel cycle. Clay minerals of geological origin are considered candidate barrier materials for the sequestration of nuclear waste for geological disposal applications. Objective:: The present study encompasses a systematic characterization of weathered basalt rock and the influence of its constituent clay minerals (formed mainly due to the weathering process) in the uptake of metal ions of nuclear importance, such as cesium (Cs+) and strontium (Sr2+). Method:: The structural profile of the weathered basalt has been investigated using different analytical techniques, including polarizing microscope, XRD, FTIR and EDXRF. The sorption behaviour of the rock sample for Cs+ and Sr2+ has been investigated in a comprehensive batch mode by varying the experimental conditions. The analytical findings for structure and batch sorption performance of the material have been further correlated to understand the influence of different parameters on the uptake of metal ions and the underlying mechanism. Results:: Structural analyses confirmed the presence of clay minerals viz., kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite in the sample. A comprehensive sorption performance assessment carried out in batch mode at different experimental conditions revealed that the uptake of both the metal ions was rapid and dependent on initial metal ion concentration and solution pH. The uptake of Cs+ ions was found to be higher as compared to the Sr2+ ions. EDXRF analysis confirmed the loading of Cs+ and Sr2+ on the weathered basalt. Experimental batch sorption data presented a better agreement with the theoretical Freundlich isotherm pertaining to the heterogeneous nature of the sorbent. Conclusion:: The studies highlight that the clay minerals formed by structural alteration of basalt rock upon intense weathering could be very useful in fixing the nuclear fission waste components such as Cs+ and Sr2+.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:: Clematis tangutica, an indigenous medicinal herb native to the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau of China, has traditionally been associated with treating various inflammation-related diseases. While its therapeutic potential is recognized, a comprehensive characterization of its metabolite molecules and their anti-inflammatory properties has not been undertaken. Objective:: This study aimed to comprehensively profile the metabolite molecules of Clematis tangutica and identify potential anti-inflammatory active molecules using the Activity Labelled Molecular Networking (ALMN) approach. Methods:: The ALMN approach was employed to visually label activity to the feature-based molecular network, allowing for the profiling of potential anti-inflammatory active molecules in Clematis tangutica. Through correlating activity levels with the respective molecules, a detailed profiling was achieved. Results:: Out of the 8,644 metabolite molecules in Clematis tangutica, ten were identified as the most potent anti-inflammatory molecules. Among these, Spiraeoside was notably annotated along with its structure. Conclusion:: This research successfully identified ten potent anti-inflammatory molecules from the vast metabolite profile of Clematis tangutica, including a detailed annotation of Spiraeoside. This marked a significant step in bridging traditional therapeutic knowledge with modern molecular profiling techniques.
{"title":"A Study on the Anti-inflammatory Activity of Clematis tangutica Using Molecular Networking","authors":"Aijing Li, Tao Chen, Shuo Wang, Juyuan Luo, Cheng Shen, Hongmei Li, Yumei Ma, Zhibo Song, Weihang Lu, Denglang Zou, Yulin Li","doi":"10.2174/0115734110289479240220061031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110289479240220061031","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Clematis tangutica, an indigenous medicinal herb native to the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau of China, has traditionally been associated with treating various inflammation-related diseases. While its therapeutic potential is recognized, a comprehensive characterization of its metabolite molecules and their anti-inflammatory properties has not been undertaken. Objective:: This study aimed to comprehensively profile the metabolite molecules of Clematis tangutica and identify potential anti-inflammatory active molecules using the Activity Labelled Molecular Networking (ALMN) approach. Methods:: The ALMN approach was employed to visually label activity to the feature-based molecular network, allowing for the profiling of potential anti-inflammatory active molecules in Clematis tangutica. Through correlating activity levels with the respective molecules, a detailed profiling was achieved. Results:: Out of the 8,644 metabolite molecules in Clematis tangutica, ten were identified as the most potent anti-inflammatory molecules. Among these, Spiraeoside was notably annotated along with its structure. Conclusion:: This research successfully identified ten potent anti-inflammatory molecules from the vast metabolite profile of Clematis tangutica, including a detailed annotation of Spiraeoside. This marked a significant step in bridging traditional therapeutic knowledge with modern molecular profiling techniques.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.2174/0115734110290557240305045032
Aleksandra Radoičić, Sandra Šegan, Aleksandra Dramićanin, Dušanka Milojković-Opsenica
For a long time, Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC) was the most dominant technique for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds, but with poor efficiency in the separation of small polar molecules. From the efforts to solve the problem of insufficient retention of these molecules, during the last decades, a mode of liquid chromatography named Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) has experienced vast expansion. It is based on the use of a highly hydrophilic stationary phase along with an aqueous mobile phase with high organic modifier content. In this review, the characteristics of stationary and mobile phases used in HILIC are described, and corresponding separation mechanisms are discussed. An overview of recently published papers dealing with the application of HILIC in analyzing pharmaceuticals in biological and non-biological samples is provided. Besides, the application of HILIC systems in the determination of the physicochemical properties of compounds is described.
{"title":"Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography for the Analysis of Pharmaceutical Formulations","authors":"Aleksandra Radoičić, Sandra Šegan, Aleksandra Dramićanin, Dušanka Milojković-Opsenica","doi":"10.2174/0115734110290557240305045032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110290557240305045032","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time, Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC) was the most dominant technique for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds, but with poor efficiency in the separation of small polar molecules. From the efforts to solve the problem of insufficient retention of these molecules, during the last decades, a mode of liquid chromatography named Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) has experienced vast expansion. It is based on the use of a highly hydrophilic stationary phase along with an aqueous mobile phase with high organic modifier content. In this review, the characteristics of stationary and mobile phases used in HILIC are described, and corresponding separation mechanisms are discussed. An overview of recently published papers dealing with the application of HILIC in analyzing pharmaceuticals in biological and non-biological samples is provided. Besides, the application of HILIC systems in the determination of the physicochemical properties of compounds is described.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140561694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.2174/0115734110289423240216062120
Tian-hao Pei, Yu-Long Niu, Bin Liu, Ming Yuan, Ai-Guo Zhang, Xiao-Feng Li, Lian-Xia Wang, Meng-Lei Xu, Yu Gao
Background: Essential oils (EOs) are recognized for their potent insecticidal activity and are widely considered promising agents for pest control. Methods: The insecticidal activity of seven commercial citrus EOs against the global phytophagous pest Thrips flavus was evaluated using bioassays conducted under laboratory conditions. Moreover, the chemical composition of these EOs was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Among the 45 identified compounds, the major constituents were d-limonene (23.77%– 95.10%), methyl jasmonate (38.76%), and linalyl acetate (34.55%). Orange flower oil, sweet orange oil, tangerine peel oil, bergamot oil, lime oil, lemon oil, and grapefruit oil exhibited good insecticidal activity against T. flavus without demonstrating significant repellent activity. Orange flower oil and sweet orange oil showed higher insecticidal toxicity, with LC50 values of 0.20 g/L and 0.37 g/L, respectively. In pot experiments, the higher control efficacy against T. flavus was found after 7 days of treatment for orange flower oil (91.14±1.27% at 720.00 g a.i.·hm−2 and 100% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2), sweet orange oil (91.14±5.52% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2), tangerine peel oil (96.20±2.19% at 720 g a.i.·hm−2 and 100% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2), lemon oil (96.20±2.19% at 900 g a.i.·hm−2), and lime oil (97.47±2.53% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2). Conclusion: Taken together, orange flower oil and tangerine peel oil, which were found to contain d-limonene and methyl jasmonate, demonstrated rapid and more effective insecticidal activity compared to the other EOs tested, which makes these two EOs promising alternatives to chemical insecticides.
背景：精油（EO）被公认为具有强大的杀虫活性，并被广泛认为是很有前景的害虫控制剂。研究方法在实验室条件下进行了生物测定，评估了七种商用柑橘 EO 对全球植食性害虫黄蓟马的杀虫活性。此外，还使用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）分析了这些环氧乙烷的化学成分。结果显示在已鉴定的 45 种化合物中，主要成分为 d-柠檬烯（23.77%-95.10%）、茉莉酸甲酯（38.76%）和乙酸芳樟酯（34.55%）。橙花油、甜橙油、柑橘皮油、佛手柑油、青柠油、柠檬油和葡萄柚油对黄曲霉具有良好的杀虫活性，但没有明显的驱虫活性。橙花油和甜橙油的杀虫毒性较高，半数致死浓度分别为 0.20 克/升和 0.37 克/升。在盆栽实验中，处理 7 天后，橙花油（720.00 g a.i.-hm-2 时为 91.14±1.27%，900.00 g a.i.-hm-2 时为 100%）、甜橙油（900.00 g a.i.-hm-2 时为 91.14±5.52%（900.00 g a.i.-hm-2）、橘皮油（96.20±2.19%（720 g a.i.-hm-2）和 100%（900.00 g a.i.-hm-2））、柠檬油（96.20±2.19%（900 g a.i.-hm-2））和酸橙油（97.47±2.53%（900.00 g a.i.-hm-2））。结论综上所述，橙花油和橘皮油中含有 d-柠檬烯和茉莉酸甲酯，与测试的其他环氧乙烷相比，这两种环氧乙烷具有更快、更有效的杀虫活性，因此有望成为化学杀虫剂的替代品。
{"title":"Citrus Essential Oils as Potential Insecticides Against Thrips flavus","authors":"Tian-hao Pei, Yu-Long Niu, Bin Liu, Ming Yuan, Ai-Guo Zhang, Xiao-Feng Li, Lian-Xia Wang, Meng-Lei Xu, Yu Gao","doi":"10.2174/0115734110289423240216062120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110289423240216062120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Essential oils (EOs) are recognized for their potent insecticidal activity and are widely considered promising agents for pest control. Methods: The insecticidal activity of seven commercial citrus EOs against the global phytophagous pest Thrips flavus was evaluated using bioassays conducted under laboratory conditions. Moreover, the chemical composition of these EOs was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Among the 45 identified compounds, the major constituents were d-limonene (23.77%– 95.10%), methyl jasmonate (38.76%), and linalyl acetate (34.55%). Orange flower oil, sweet orange oil, tangerine peel oil, bergamot oil, lime oil, lemon oil, and grapefruit oil exhibited good insecticidal activity against T. flavus without demonstrating significant repellent activity. Orange flower oil and sweet orange oil showed higher insecticidal toxicity, with LC50 values of 0.20 g/L and 0.37 g/L, respectively. In pot experiments, the higher control efficacy against T. flavus was found after 7 days of treatment for orange flower oil (91.14±1.27% at 720.00 g a.i.·hm−2 and 100% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2), sweet orange oil (91.14±5.52% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2), tangerine peel oil (96.20±2.19% at 720 g a.i.·hm−2 and 100% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2), lemon oil (96.20±2.19% at 900 g a.i.·hm−2), and lime oil (97.47±2.53% at 900.00 g a.i.·hm−2). Conclusion: Taken together, orange flower oil and tangerine peel oil, which were found to contain d-limonene and methyl jasmonate, demonstrated rapid and more effective insecticidal activity compared to the other EOs tested, which makes these two EOs promising alternatives to chemical insecticides.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140018926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.2174/0115734110289980240201073715
Yue Zhao, Jiahui Sun, Shiwei Xu, Yan Liu, Mengnan Qin, Chunjuan Yang, Gaofeng Liu
Background:: Both Salvianolate Injection and warfarin are widely prescribed in patients with cardiovascular diseases, but the interaction between them is unknown and needs to be investigated. Objective:: This research aims to study the effects and mechanism of Salvianolate Injection on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. Methods:: Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected Salvianolate Injection (18 mg/kg) with or without oral administration of warfarin (0.2 mg/kg). A coagulation analyzer evaluated prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). International normalized ratio (INR) was calculated based on PT. UPLC-MS/MS combined with a chiral column was used to separate and measure the plasma concentration of R-warfarin and S-warfarin. Agilent SB-C18 column (1.8 μm, 2.1 mm × 50 mm) was used for separation, column temperature at 20°C. The isocratic mobile phase was acetonitrile-aqueous ammonium acetate (5 mM, pH 4) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min and 11.5 min for each injection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 software. Results:: Salvianolate Injection increased PT and INR (p < 0.05), while APTT was unaffected (p > 0.05). Compared with the warfarin group, the co-administration of Salvianolate Injection and singledose warfarin enlarged PT and INR (p < 0.05). Similar increases in pharmacokinetic parameters of R-warfarin and S-warfarin, including Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, t1/2, and CL/F (p < 0.05), were observed in the co-administration group. A steady-state study of warfarin indicated that PT and INR in the coadministration group are longer than those in the warfarin group (p < 0.05). On days 7th and 8th of warfarin treatment (two and three days after Salvianolate Injection treatment), the plasma concentration of R-warfarin increased by 47.22% and 50.16% (p < 0.05), and plasma concentration of Swarfarin increased by 32.39% and 45.99% (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion:: Salvianolate Injection exhibits an anticoagulation effect in rats. Salvianolate Injection can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by slowing metabolism and increasing the concentration of both enantiomers. These results suggest that the combination of Salvianolate Injection and warfarin should be avoided or closely monitored in case of increasing bleeding risk.
{"title":"Effects of Salvianolate Injection on the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Warfarin in Rats in vivo","authors":"Yue Zhao, Jiahui Sun, Shiwei Xu, Yan Liu, Mengnan Qin, Chunjuan Yang, Gaofeng Liu","doi":"10.2174/0115734110289980240201073715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110289980240201073715","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Both Salvianolate Injection and warfarin are widely prescribed in patients with cardiovascular diseases, but the interaction between them is unknown and needs to be investigated. Objective:: This research aims to study the effects and mechanism of Salvianolate Injection on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. Methods:: Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected Salvianolate Injection (18 mg/kg) with or without oral administration of warfarin (0.2 mg/kg). A coagulation analyzer evaluated prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). International normalized ratio (INR) was calculated based on PT. UPLC-MS/MS combined with a chiral column was used to separate and measure the plasma concentration of R-warfarin and S-warfarin. Agilent SB-C18 column (1.8 μm, 2.1 mm × 50 mm) was used for separation, column temperature at 20°C. The isocratic mobile phase was acetonitrile-aqueous ammonium acetate (5 mM, pH 4) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min and 11.5 min for each injection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 software. Results:: Salvianolate Injection increased PT and INR (p < 0.05), while APTT was unaffected (p > 0.05). Compared with the warfarin group, the co-administration of Salvianolate Injection and singledose warfarin enlarged PT and INR (p < 0.05). Similar increases in pharmacokinetic parameters of R-warfarin and S-warfarin, including Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, t1/2, and CL/F (p < 0.05), were observed in the co-administration group. A steady-state study of warfarin indicated that PT and INR in the coadministration group are longer than those in the warfarin group (p < 0.05). On days 7th and 8th of warfarin treatment (two and three days after Salvianolate Injection treatment), the plasma concentration of R-warfarin increased by 47.22% and 50.16% (p < 0.05), and plasma concentration of Swarfarin increased by 32.39% and 45.99% (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion:: Salvianolate Injection exhibits an anticoagulation effect in rats. Salvianolate Injection can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by slowing metabolism and increasing the concentration of both enantiomers. These results suggest that the combination of Salvianolate Injection and warfarin should be avoided or closely monitored in case of increasing bleeding risk.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.2174/0115734110288809240221045611
Josue F. Perez-Sanchez, Ruth del C. Galindo-Lopez, Edgardo J. Suarez Dominguez, J. Rafael Rodriguez- Rodriguez, Yoana Perez-Badell, Elena F. Izquierdo Kulich
Introduction: Crude oil is a complex blend of various hydrocarbon families, with compositions that vary depending on the source well and exploitation duration. To categorize its constituents, SARA analysis divides them into saturated, aromatic, resins, and asphaltenes. Heavy asphaltene- rich crude oils can present challenges like viscosity and pipeline blockages, which are often addressed with viscosity-reducing additives. However, a theoretical framework explaining how these additives affect crude oil is lacking, relying primarily on empirical observations. To optimize these additives, it is crucial to understand the underlying chemical and physical processes. This study hypothesizes that asphaltenic crude oils influence viscosity through colloidal properties linked to molecular interactions. Methods: The research aimed to analyze the impact of sulfur in asphaltenes and oxygen in flow improvers on the transport properties of an idealized crude oil, with the goal of predicting additive feasibility. A methodology that combined computational quantum chemistry and statistical thermodynamics was used. An idealized model of crude oil was created, consisting of non-polar alkanes and polar asphaltenes with sulfur atoms. A flow improver was simulated with an aromatic-aliphatic structure containing oxygen and hydroxyl groups, and viscosity was calculated. Results: This study assessed the transport properties of the mixture using principles of statistical thermodynamics. The theoretical insights revealed that reducing viscosity in asphaltene-rich crude oils with additives depends on several critical factors, including the formation of the dispersed phase, the reduced viscosity of the additive, and the effects of dilution. The research identified a strong link between the enhanced effectiveness of these additives and their structural and molecular properties. Conclusion: The theoretical results suggest that additives that act as viscosity reducers in asphalt crudes achieve optimal performance when they possess both higher polarity and reduced viscosity.
{"title":"Influence of the Presence of Sulfur and Oxygen Atoms on Molecular, Thermodynamic and Transport Properties in Hydrocarbon Mixtures","authors":"Josue F. Perez-Sanchez, Ruth del C. Galindo-Lopez, Edgardo J. Suarez Dominguez, J. Rafael Rodriguez- Rodriguez, Yoana Perez-Badell, Elena F. Izquierdo Kulich","doi":"10.2174/0115734110288809240221045611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110288809240221045611","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Crude oil is a complex blend of various hydrocarbon families, with compositions that vary depending on the source well and exploitation duration. To categorize its constituents, SARA analysis divides them into saturated, aromatic, resins, and asphaltenes. Heavy asphaltene- rich crude oils can present challenges like viscosity and pipeline blockages, which are often addressed with viscosity-reducing additives. However, a theoretical framework explaining how these additives affect crude oil is lacking, relying primarily on empirical observations. To optimize these additives, it is crucial to understand the underlying chemical and physical processes. This study hypothesizes that asphaltenic crude oils influence viscosity through colloidal properties linked to molecular interactions. Methods: The research aimed to analyze the impact of sulfur in asphaltenes and oxygen in flow improvers on the transport properties of an idealized crude oil, with the goal of predicting additive feasibility. A methodology that combined computational quantum chemistry and statistical thermodynamics was used. An idealized model of crude oil was created, consisting of non-polar alkanes and polar asphaltenes with sulfur atoms. A flow improver was simulated with an aromatic-aliphatic structure containing oxygen and hydroxyl groups, and viscosity was calculated. Results: This study assessed the transport properties of the mixture using principles of statistical thermodynamics. The theoretical insights revealed that reducing viscosity in asphaltene-rich crude oils with additives depends on several critical factors, including the formation of the dispersed phase, the reduced viscosity of the additive, and the effects of dilution. The research identified a strong link between the enhanced effectiveness of these additives and their structural and molecular properties. Conclusion: The theoretical results suggest that additives that act as viscosity reducers in asphalt crudes achieve optimal performance when they possess both higher polarity and reduced viscosity.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.2174/0115734110289728240214103704
Yunhe Qu, Pingping Zhang, Jing Cui, Xiuzhen Ni, Kai Song, Dongfang Shi
Introduction:: In this study, we optimized the extraction process, analyzed the structure and assessed the antioxidant activity of Sanghuangporus baumii polysaccharide (SBP). The present results provide important information for the Sanghuangporus baumii polysaccharides in potential natural antioxidant effects. Background:: The extraction and structural analysis of polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus has gained significant attention in the fields of chemistry, medicine, and life sciences. There is great significance in maximizing the extraction of polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus and developing their potential products in a scientific and rational manner. Objective:: The study was designed to establish an efficient and practical extraction process for SBP, and then investigated the structure and the antioxidant activity. Methods:: The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design was used to explore the ultrasound-assisted extraction of SBP, and the structure of SBP was studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and other instrumental analysis methods. The total antioxidant capacity of SBP was studied by the Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) method, and the scavenging capacity of ABTS+·, DPPH· and OH· was carried out as the index to investigate its antioxidant activity in vitro. Results:: The statistical analysis results showed that the optimal conditions for extracting SBP were an ultrasound time of 20.74 min, ultrasound power of 268.40 W and material-liquid ratio of 1:25.71. Under optimal conditions, the experimental yield of SBP was 3.36 ± 0.01%. The RSM optimization process was applied to the experiment of complex enzyme extraction of SBP, and the yield increased to 4.72 ± 0.03%. Structural analysis showed that SBP mainly consisted of glucose, a small amount of mannose and galactose, and the molecular weight distribution was uneven, mainly concentrating in the three parts of 24.5,6.4,2.5 kDa. Moreover, SBP exhibited dose-dependent and strong reducing power and radical scavenging activity. For DPPH·, ABTS+· and OH· radical scavenging assays, IC50 values were 1.505 ± 0.050 mg/ml, 0.065 ± 0.036 mg/ml and 0.442 ± 0.007 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion:: In the present study, a β-linked heteroglucan (SBP) was extracted using the optimized process combining enzymes from the fruiting bodies of Sanghuangporus baumii. SBP exhibited effective and dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Our findings were of great value in terms of developing polysaccharides with potential natural antioxidants.
{"title":"Extraction Optimization, Structure Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharide from Sanghuangporus baumii","authors":"Yunhe Qu, Pingping Zhang, Jing Cui, Xiuzhen Ni, Kai Song, Dongfang Shi","doi":"10.2174/0115734110289728240214103704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110289728240214103704","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:: In this study, we optimized the extraction process, analyzed the structure and assessed the antioxidant activity of Sanghuangporus baumii polysaccharide (SBP). The present results provide important information for the Sanghuangporus baumii polysaccharides in potential natural antioxidant effects. Background:: The extraction and structural analysis of polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus has gained significant attention in the fields of chemistry, medicine, and life sciences. There is great significance in maximizing the extraction of polysaccharides from Sanghuangporus and developing their potential products in a scientific and rational manner. Objective:: The study was designed to establish an efficient and practical extraction process for SBP, and then investigated the structure and the antioxidant activity. Methods:: The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design was used to explore the ultrasound-assisted extraction of SBP, and the structure of SBP was studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and other instrumental analysis methods. The total antioxidant capacity of SBP was studied by the Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) method, and the scavenging capacity of ABTS+·, DPPH· and OH· was carried out as the index to investigate its antioxidant activity in vitro. Results:: The statistical analysis results showed that the optimal conditions for extracting SBP were an ultrasound time of 20.74 min, ultrasound power of 268.40 W and material-liquid ratio of 1:25.71. Under optimal conditions, the experimental yield of SBP was 3.36 ± 0.01%. The RSM optimization process was applied to the experiment of complex enzyme extraction of SBP, and the yield increased to 4.72 ± 0.03%. Structural analysis showed that SBP mainly consisted of glucose, a small amount of mannose and galactose, and the molecular weight distribution was uneven, mainly concentrating in the three parts of 24.5,6.4,2.5 kDa. Moreover, SBP exhibited dose-dependent and strong reducing power and radical scavenging activity. For DPPH·, ABTS+· and OH· radical scavenging assays, IC50 values were 1.505 ± 0.050 mg/ml, 0.065 ± 0.036 mg/ml and 0.442 ± 0.007 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion:: In the present study, a β-linked heteroglucan (SBP) was extracted using the optimized process combining enzymes from the fruiting bodies of Sanghuangporus baumii. SBP exhibited effective and dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Our findings were of great value in terms of developing polysaccharides with potential natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.2174/0115734110287444240215071527
Fatemeh Chaltash, Fereshteh Chekin, Seyed Mohammad Vahdat
Background: The wastewater released from various industries contains substantial amounts of organic compounds such as dyes and naphthols. However, naphthols are toxic to the environment and human health. So, it is essential to eliminate them, which will contribute to manufacturing and environmental management. Methods: In the work, an eco-friendly method is adapted to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using Equisetum arvense plant extract as a strong reducing and stabilizing agent. Then, a hybrid nano adsorbent based on rGO and ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3) was prepared as an adsorbent. We investigate the performance of Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 to remove 2-naphthol (2-NP). Results: The FE-SEM images exhibited spherical magnetite nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 31 to 47 nm on composite. Efficient removal (90%) of 2-NP from aqueous solution is demonstrated using high surface area Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 (initial concentration of 2-NP: 10 mg mL-1, pH: 5.0, time: 30 min, and amount of adsorbent dosage: 3 mg mL-1). The high surface area of Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3, hydrogen binding, π-π stacking interaction between the benzene rings of 2-NP and graphitic skeleton of hybrid adsorbent facilitate the adsorption of 2-NP on the Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3. The 2NP removal capacity by Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 showed a significant decrease during five successive cycles. Conclusions: These results promise the potential of high surface area Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 for efficient removal of 2-NP for wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Magnetite Reduced Graphene Oxide/Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite as Effective Adsorbent for Removal of 2-Naphthol in Wastewater","authors":"Fatemeh Chaltash, Fereshteh Chekin, Seyed Mohammad Vahdat","doi":"10.2174/0115734110287444240215071527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110287444240215071527","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The wastewater released from various industries contains substantial amounts of organic compounds such as dyes and naphthols. However, naphthols are toxic to the environment and human health. So, it is essential to eliminate them, which will contribute to manufacturing and environmental management. Methods: In the work, an eco-friendly method is adapted to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using Equisetum arvense plant extract as a strong reducing and stabilizing agent. Then, a hybrid nano adsorbent based on rGO and ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3) was prepared as an adsorbent. We investigate the performance of Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 to remove 2-naphthol (2-NP). Results: The FE-SEM images exhibited spherical magnetite nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 31 to 47 nm on composite. Efficient removal (90%) of 2-NP from aqueous solution is demonstrated using high surface area Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 (initial concentration of 2-NP: 10 mg mL-1, pH: 5.0, time: 30 min, and amount of adsorbent dosage: 3 mg mL-1). The high surface area of Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3, hydrogen binding, π-π stacking interaction between the benzene rings of 2-NP and graphitic skeleton of hybrid adsorbent facilitate the adsorption of 2-NP on the Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3. The 2NP removal capacity by Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 showed a significant decrease during five successive cycles. Conclusions: These results promise the potential of high surface area Fe3O4@rGO/CMK-3 for efficient removal of 2-NP for wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background:: Metformin is a biguanide derivative utilized as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes for people over 60 years. However, it faces certain limitations due to its incomplete absorption, resulting in a 50-60% bioavailability. In addition to its blood glucose-lowering effect, the antiproliferative effect of metformin has been demonstrated in vitro. Therefore, it is necessary to consider alternative administration routes that can enhance the bioavailability of metformin, expanding its clinical use beyond its role as an antidiabetic agent. Objective:: The aim of the study was to develop a reliable bioanalytical method for the quantitation of metformin in male Sprague-Dawley rat plasma and explore the promising alternative administration route for metformin use. Methods:: A robust, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of metformin in rat plasma was developed and validated according to the latest regulatory guidance for bioanalysis. Results:: Based on the area under the curves obtained from the rat pharmacokinetic study, subcutaneous injection increased the systemic exposure of metformin by 1.79-fold compared to oral administration in rats. Conclusion:: Subcutaneous administration of metformin enhances its bioavailability compared to oral administration, leading to increased antidiabetic effects and potential antitumor activity.
{"title":"HPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitative Determination of Metformin in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Comparative Bioavailability Assessment","authors":"Di-Di Zhang, Young-Heun Jung, Mi-Ji Seol, Siyu Zhou, Dinesh Chaudhary, Jee-Heon Jeong, Ju-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.2174/0115734110288849240116045045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110288849240116045045","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Metformin is a biguanide derivative utilized as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes for people over 60 years. However, it faces certain limitations due to its incomplete absorption, resulting in a 50-60% bioavailability. In addition to its blood glucose-lowering effect, the antiproliferative effect of metformin has been demonstrated in vitro. Therefore, it is necessary to consider alternative administration routes that can enhance the bioavailability of metformin, expanding its clinical use beyond its role as an antidiabetic agent. Objective:: The aim of the study was to develop a reliable bioanalytical method for the quantitation of metformin in male Sprague-Dawley rat plasma and explore the promising alternative administration route for metformin use. Methods:: A robust, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of metformin in rat plasma was developed and validated according to the latest regulatory guidance for bioanalysis. Results:: Based on the area under the curves obtained from the rat pharmacokinetic study, subcutaneous injection increased the systemic exposure of metformin by 1.79-fold compared to oral administration in rats. Conclusion:: Subcutaneous administration of metformin enhances its bioavailability compared to oral administration, leading to increased antidiabetic effects and potential antitumor activity.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139762002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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