Background: Implants made of titanium are significant in the orthopedic and dental fields. Strong osteointegration can only be achieved by surface modification technologies. The benefits of titanium are numerous, but its inert state prevents it from integrating with human cell's biologically. The titanium implant’s surface is crucial for osseointegration and implant success; hence this is necessary. How to apply osteoconductive coatings or increase the surface roughness of titanium dental implants has been investigated. Surface treatments include grit blasting, acid etching, anodizing, and coatings with calcium phosphate. Clinical efficacy has been demonstrated for most marketed surfaces (>95%). The exact involvement of surface topography and chemical reactions in early dental implant osseointegration is still unclear. Methods: Sixteen implant samples were made with different parameters. Each one has 5 parameters, including Sandblast Pressure (SP), Sandblast Cycle (SC), Anodizing Time (AT), Anodizing Voltage (AV), and Etching Time (ET). Physical and chemical characterization was used to identify optimized samples. SEM, EDS, XRD, Biodegradation, Contact Angle, Microhardness, MTT, Real-Time PCR, and Antibacterial tests were taken from the samples. Results: Different surface treatments showed that all surfaces were roughened and micro-nano structures had been shaped. The microhardness of some samples increased during surface treatment. Sample number 14 has potentially antibacterial activities. Conclusion: Future dental implants may be able to detect tissue formation and cellular attachment, which could facilitate medication release. The future of flexible, multipurpose dental implants lies in additive manufacturing, biosensing, and triggered drug-release technologies.
{"title":"Investigating, Characterizing, and Optimizing Various Modified Surfaces of Titanium Dental Implants using Anodization and Physical Patterns","authors":"Hamid Reza Garshasbi, Esfandyar Askari, Ghazal Kadkhodaie Kashani, Seyed Morteza Naghib, Seyyed Mohamad Sadati Tilebon, Seyed Amirhossein Emamian, Hosseinali Ramezanpour, Hossein Eslami, Mojtaba Ansari, Malihe Salehi","doi":"10.2174/0115734110313259240823103253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110313259240823103253","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Implants made of titanium are significant in the orthopedic and dental fields. Strong osteointegration can only be achieved by surface modification technologies. The benefits of titanium are numerous, but its inert state prevents it from integrating with human cell's biologically. The titanium implant’s surface is crucial for osseointegration and implant success; hence this is necessary. How to apply osteoconductive coatings or increase the surface roughness of titanium dental implants has been investigated. Surface treatments include grit blasting, acid etching, anodizing, and coatings with calcium phosphate. Clinical efficacy has been demonstrated for most marketed surfaces (>95%). The exact involvement of surface topography and chemical reactions in early dental implant osseointegration is still unclear. Methods: Sixteen implant samples were made with different parameters. Each one has 5 parameters, including Sandblast Pressure (SP), Sandblast Cycle (SC), Anodizing Time (AT), Anodizing Voltage (AV), and Etching Time (ET). Physical and chemical characterization was used to identify optimized samples. SEM, EDS, XRD, Biodegradation, Contact Angle, Microhardness, MTT, Real-Time PCR, and Antibacterial tests were taken from the samples. Results: Different surface treatments showed that all surfaces were roughened and micro-nano structures had been shaped. The microhardness of some samples increased during surface treatment. Sample number 14 has potentially antibacterial activities. Conclusion: Future dental implants may be able to detect tissue formation and cellular attachment, which could facilitate medication release. The future of flexible, multipurpose dental implants lies in additive manufacturing, biosensing, and triggered drug-release technologies.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.2174/0115734110320891240823065902
Liuxing Chen, Da Chen, Meiling Lian
Electrochemical biosensors a subclass of biosensors, consisting of a biosensing element and an electrochemical transducer, have been widely used in various fields due to their excellent performance and portable device. However, in complex actual samples, non-specific adsorption of proteins and solid particles, and adhesion of cells and bacteria will lead to problems such as reduced sensor sensitivity, prolonged response time, and expanded detection errors. Therefore, constructing antifouling sensing platforms to effectively resist the bioadhesion of non-targets is crucial for the performance of biosensors. This study first introduces the commonly used classifications of electrochemical biosensors and their main contaminants. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the construction methods and application research of electrochemical antifouling sensors using different strategies, including the construction of physical, chemical and biological modification interfaces. In addition, the research progress on antifouling and antibacterial dual-action coatings for electrochemical detection is also reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future development trends of various methods are summarized, providing clues for better practical applications of electrochemical biosensors.
{"title":"Progress in the Development of Antifouling Electrochemical Biosensors","authors":"Liuxing Chen, Da Chen, Meiling Lian","doi":"10.2174/0115734110320891240823065902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110320891240823065902","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical biosensors a subclass of biosensors, consisting of a biosensing element and an electrochemical transducer, have been widely used in various fields due to their excellent performance and portable device. However, in complex actual samples, non-specific adsorption of proteins and solid particles, and adhesion of cells and bacteria will lead to problems such as reduced sensor sensitivity, prolonged response time, and expanded detection errors. Therefore, constructing antifouling sensing platforms to effectively resist the bioadhesion of non-targets is crucial for the performance of biosensors. This study first introduces the commonly used classifications of electrochemical biosensors and their main contaminants. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the construction methods and application research of electrochemical antifouling sensors using different strategies, including the construction of physical, chemical and biological modification interfaces. In addition, the research progress on antifouling and antibacterial dual-action coatings for electrochemical detection is also reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future development trends of various methods are summarized, providing clues for better practical applications of electrochemical biosensors.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.2174/0115734110314443240828050045
Safa S. EL-Sanafery, Mostafa F. Elshafei, Perihan A. Khalf Alla, Gehad Genidy Mohamed
Background and Objective: This study presented new sensitive and selective modified carbon paste (MCPE) potentiometric sensors modified with different ion pairs for the determination of the antihypertensive drug diltiazem hydrochloride (DTM-HCl) in biological fluids, pharmaceutical preparations, and in its pure form. Methods: Plasticizers, ion pair type, ion pair content, response time, temperature, and pH were just a few of the experimental factors evaluated that were found to affect electrode efficiency. The two electrodes that show the best sensitivity were prepared by mixing diltiazem-tetraphenyl borate (DTM-TPB) ion pair, graphite, and TCP or o-NPOE as a plasticizer. Result: Over the concentration ranges of 1.0x10-5–1.0x10-2, the produced electrodes I and II demonstrated monovalent Nernstian responses of 55.7±0.902 and 57.6±0.451 mV decade-1. The selectivity property of the suggested electrodes was used to study the interference ions. The concentration of DTM-HCl in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids was measured using these modified electrodes. During the validation procedure, metrics like linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and specificity were used. Conclusion: The obtained results showed good agreement with the HPLC technique as indicated by the F and t-test values and can conclude the possibility of using this potentiometric method in the routine analysis of DTM-HCl.
背景与目的：本研究提出了用不同离子对修饰的新型灵敏、选择性改性碳浆（MCPE）电位传感器，用于测定生物液体、药物制剂及其纯品中的抗高血压药物盐酸地尔硫卓（DTM-HCl）。方法：增塑剂、离子对类型评估发现，增塑剂、离子对类型、离子对含量、响应时间、温度和 pH 值只是影响电极效率的几个实验因素。通过混合地尔硫卓-四苯基硼酸酯（DTM-TPB）离子对、石墨和作为增塑剂的 TCP 或 o-NPOE 制备了两个灵敏度最高的电极。结果在 1.0x10-5-1.0x10-2 的浓度范围内，所制得的电极 I 和 II 的单价 Nernstian 反应分别为 55.7±0.902 和 57.6±0.451 mV 十年-1。利用所建议电极的选择性特性研究了干扰离子。使用这些改良电极测量了药物制剂和生物液体中 DTM-HCl 的浓度。在验证过程中，使用了线性、准确度、精密度、检测限、定量限和特异性等指标。结论从 F 值和 t 检验值可以看出，所获得的结果与 HPLC 技术具有良好的一致性。
{"title":"An Efficient and Cost-effective Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes for Diltiazem Hydrochloride Determination in Tablets","authors":"Safa S. EL-Sanafery, Mostafa F. Elshafei, Perihan A. Khalf Alla, Gehad Genidy Mohamed","doi":"10.2174/0115734110314443240828050045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110314443240828050045","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: This study presented new sensitive and selective modified carbon paste (MCPE) potentiometric sensors modified with different ion pairs for the determination of the antihypertensive drug diltiazem hydrochloride (DTM-HCl) in biological fluids, pharmaceutical preparations, and in its pure form. Methods: Plasticizers, ion pair type, ion pair content, response time, temperature, and pH were just a few of the experimental factors evaluated that were found to affect electrode efficiency. The two electrodes that show the best sensitivity were prepared by mixing diltiazem-tetraphenyl borate (DTM-TPB) ion pair, graphite, and TCP or o-NPOE as a plasticizer. Result: Over the concentration ranges of 1.0x10-5–1.0x10-2, the produced electrodes I and II demonstrated monovalent Nernstian responses of 55.7±0.902 and 57.6±0.451 mV decade-1. The selectivity property of the suggested electrodes was used to study the interference ions. The concentration of DTM-HCl in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids was measured using these modified electrodes. During the validation procedure, metrics like linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and specificity were used. Conclusion: The obtained results showed good agreement with the HPLC technique as indicated by the F and t-test values and can conclude the possibility of using this potentiometric method in the routine analysis of DTM-HCl.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2174/0115734110314497240819053300
Xican Li, Jingyuan Zeng, Chunhou Li, Hanxiao Chai, Shaoman Chen, Nana Jin, Tingshan Chen, Xiaohua Lin, Sunbal Khan, Rongxin Cai
Background: Rubus alceifolius Poir leaves are a widely distributed medicinal plant material in the Eastern Hemisphere. However, there has been no report regarding their chemistry until now. Methods: Fresh R. alceifolius leaves were treated using a set of experimental protocols to prepare a lyophilized aqueous extract. Subsequently, the extract was qualitative and quantitatively analyzed using the database-affinity ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Exactive- Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS/MS) technology. Results: Based on MS/MS elucidation and comparison with the database in UHPLC-Q-Exactive- Orbitrap-MS/MS apparatus, 33 compounds were qualitatively identified. Especially, 12 isomers were strictly distinguished, including apigenin vs. 2'-hydroxydaidzein, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide vs. scutellarin, (+) catechin vs. (-) epicatechin, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid vs. 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid vs. 5-Ocaffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid vs 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid vs 4,5-Odicaffeoylquinic acid. In addition, 21 non-isomeric compounds, such as ellagic acid and gallic acid, were also found under negative or positive ion models. The quantitative analysis suggested that ellagic acid was found to be of the highest level (133.00 ± 3.50 μg/g), while (+)-4-cholesten-3-one was calculated to be of the lowest level (0.035 ± 0.0050 μg/g). Conclusion: These findings will help to understand the substance basis of the traditional medicinal functions of R. alceifolius leaves and to find their suitable quality markers.
{"title":"Simultaneous Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of 33 Compounds from Rubus Alceifolius Poir Leaves Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS Analysis","authors":"Xican Li, Jingyuan Zeng, Chunhou Li, Hanxiao Chai, Shaoman Chen, Nana Jin, Tingshan Chen, Xiaohua Lin, Sunbal Khan, Rongxin Cai","doi":"10.2174/0115734110314497240819053300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110314497240819053300","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rubus alceifolius Poir leaves are a widely distributed medicinal plant material in the Eastern Hemisphere. However, there has been no report regarding their chemistry until now. Methods: Fresh R. alceifolius leaves were treated using a set of experimental protocols to prepare a lyophilized aqueous extract. Subsequently, the extract was qualitative and quantitatively analyzed using the database-affinity ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Exactive- Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS/MS) technology. Results: Based on MS/MS elucidation and comparison with the database in UHPLC-Q-Exactive- Orbitrap-MS/MS apparatus, 33 compounds were qualitatively identified. Especially, 12 isomers were strictly distinguished, including apigenin vs. 2'-hydroxydaidzein, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide vs. scutellarin, (+) catechin vs. (-) epicatechin, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid vs. 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid vs. 5-Ocaffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid vs 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid vs 4,5-Odicaffeoylquinic acid. In addition, 21 non-isomeric compounds, such as ellagic acid and gallic acid, were also found under negative or positive ion models. The quantitative analysis suggested that ellagic acid was found to be of the highest level (133.00 ± 3.50 μg/g), while (+)-4-cholesten-3-one was calculated to be of the lowest level (0.035 ± 0.0050 μg/g). Conclusion: These findings will help to understand the substance basis of the traditional medicinal functions of R. alceifolius leaves and to find their suitable quality markers.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Silver nanoparticles possess distinctive characteristics, including chemical stability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and linear optical properties, making them unique and fascinating. The rise of green synthesis methods for silver nanoparticles is garnering significant interest among researchers, surpassing traditional chemical and physical approaches due to the environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and convenient nature of synthesis. This approach stands as a viable alternative across various sectors, encompassing research, industry, and environmental safety initiatives. Method: Parmotrema permutatum was utilized in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, followed by their characterization using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. These nanoparticles are subsequiently employed for detecting methylene blue, formaldehyde, and hazardous mercury metal ions as well as photocatalytically degrading methylene blue. objective: Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Using Parmotrema parmutatum Extract and Its Application in Colorimetric Sensing Results: The silver nanoparticle synthesized was confirmed by a color change and the maximum peak of the SPR band was at 420 nm in the UV spectrum. The crystal has face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with an average size of 12.78 nm. The lichen extract contains polyphenolic groups which act as capping agents. synthesized silver nanoparticles were used to detect formaldehyde and hazardous Hg2+ ions separately. A color change was observed. The detection limit of Hg2+ was 600 μL. Likewise, silver nanoparticles were used to degrade methylene blue. The blue color of methylene blue disappeared. The efficiency of silver nanoparticles was found to be 72% in 4 hours and 87.82% in 24 hours. Conclusion: Parmotrema permutatum has the potential to reduce Ag2+ to Ago and acts as a capping and stabilizing agent, it can be used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles and can detect formaldehyde, and Hg2+ ions, in addition, it also degrades methylene blue photolytically.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Using Parmotrema parmutatum Extract and its Application in Colorimetric Sensing and Photolytic Degradation of Organic Dye","authors":"Krishna Mijar, Asmita Sapkota, Prabina Shrestha, Hari Nyaupane, Nirmala Sharma, Achyut Adhikari","doi":"10.2174/0115734110317043240815114217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110317043240815114217","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Silver nanoparticles possess distinctive characteristics, including chemical stability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and linear optical properties, making them unique and fascinating. The rise of green synthesis methods for silver nanoparticles is garnering significant interest among researchers, surpassing traditional chemical and physical approaches due to the environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and convenient nature of synthesis. This approach stands as a viable alternative across various sectors, encompassing research, industry, and environmental safety initiatives. Method: Parmotrema permutatum was utilized in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, followed by their characterization using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. These nanoparticles are subsequiently employed for detecting methylene blue, formaldehyde, and hazardous mercury metal ions as well as photocatalytically degrading methylene blue. objective: Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Using Parmotrema parmutatum Extract and Its Application in Colorimetric Sensing Results: The silver nanoparticle synthesized was confirmed by a color change and the maximum peak of the SPR band was at 420 nm in the UV spectrum. The crystal has face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with an average size of 12.78 nm. The lichen extract contains polyphenolic groups which act as capping agents. synthesized silver nanoparticles were used to detect formaldehyde and hazardous Hg2+ ions separately. A color change was observed. The detection limit of Hg2+ was 600 μL. Likewise, silver nanoparticles were used to degrade methylene blue. The blue color of methylene blue disappeared. The efficiency of silver nanoparticles was found to be 72% in 4 hours and 87.82% in 24 hours. Conclusion: Parmotrema permutatum has the potential to reduce Ag2+ to Ago and acts as a capping and stabilizing agent, it can be used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles and can detect formaldehyde, and Hg2+ ions, in addition, it also degrades methylene blue photolytically.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2174/0115734110318439240812112328
Anees A. Al-Hamzawi, Qasim Sttar Kareem, Ameen Alwan Mohaimeed, Israa HusseinAmwayshi, Aseel Ali Hussien
Background: The Iraqi environment, especially in the southern region, has been contaminated as a result of human activities. The detection of heavy metals in water samples is the preferred method for monitoring the toxic levels, which are very important for environmental protection and human health. Methods: Heavy metal concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) were investigated in water samples from Al-Muthanna governorate, southern Iraq. The selected water samples were taken from different sources of tap water and river samples from the Euphrates and collected from various locations: residential, agricultural, and industrial. Results: The mean values of Pb, Cd, and Ni in tap water samples are 3.76, 2.62, and 84.88 μg/L, respectively, while the corresponding element levels in river water are 11.21, 7.58, and 104.31 μg/L, respectively. Rivers water samples recorded higher levels of toxic metals than tap water samples. Concentrations of toxic elements in water samples from industrial locations of Al-Muthanna governorate are higher than in the agricultural and residential places. Toxic metals in water samples can be arranged in the following sequence: Ni > Pb > Cd. Conclusion: The levels of heavy metals in most water samples were above the permissible levels according to USEPA; therefore, it is recommended that the water samples should be regularly monitored for heavy metals to prevent the effect of heavy metals contamination in the human food chain.
{"title":"Investigation of Lead, Cadmium, and Nickel in Water Samples from Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq, and Evaluation of The Pollution Indicators","authors":"Anees A. Al-Hamzawi, Qasim Sttar Kareem, Ameen Alwan Mohaimeed, Israa HusseinAmwayshi, Aseel Ali Hussien","doi":"10.2174/0115734110318439240812112328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110318439240812112328","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Iraqi environment, especially in the southern region, has been contaminated as a result of human activities. The detection of heavy metals in water samples is the preferred method for monitoring the toxic levels, which are very important for environmental protection and human health. Methods: Heavy metal concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) were investigated in water samples from Al-Muthanna governorate, southern Iraq. The selected water samples were taken from different sources of tap water and river samples from the Euphrates and collected from various locations: residential, agricultural, and industrial. Results: The mean values of Pb, Cd, and Ni in tap water samples are 3.76, 2.62, and 84.88 μg/L, respectively, while the corresponding element levels in river water are 11.21, 7.58, and 104.31 μg/L, respectively. Rivers water samples recorded higher levels of toxic metals than tap water samples. Concentrations of toxic elements in water samples from industrial locations of Al-Muthanna governorate are higher than in the agricultural and residential places. Toxic metals in water samples can be arranged in the following sequence: Ni > Pb > Cd. Conclusion: The levels of heavy metals in most water samples were above the permissible levels according to USEPA; therefore, it is recommended that the water samples should be regularly monitored for heavy metals to prevent the effect of heavy metals contamination in the human food chain.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.2174/0115734110316947240813054000
Arun Gobinath, Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav
Background: The Asteraceae family comprises the largest flowering plant species, which have also been proven to have medicinal value for various illnesses due to the presence of numerous volatile and non-volatile constituents. Objective: The study aims to compare the volatile phytoconstiteunts presence in the essential oils of Asteraceae family plants including Roman Chamomile Oil (Chamaemelum nobile), German Chamomile Oil (Matricaria chamomilla), Davana Oil (Artemisia pallens), Wormwood Oil (Artemisia absinthium), Armoise Oil (Artemisia vulgaris), Tansy Oil (Tanacetum vulgare), Yarrow Oil (Achillea millefolium), Tarragon Oil (Artemisia dracunculus), Tagetes Oil (Tagetes erecta) and Immortelle Absolute Oil (Helichrysum italicum) as simultaneous estimation using the novel methods. Methods: Roman chamomile, German chamomile, davana, wormwood, armoire, tansy, yarrow, tarragon, tagetes, and immortelle absolute oils were extracted by steam distillation from their respective Asteraceae species and carried out the gas chromatography analysis. Results: The result was that GC-MS analysis of selected essential oils contains terpenes and terpenoids in major amounts. Among the detected volatile constituents in crucial oils Methyl Chavicol was found higher 75.63% in Tarragon Oil compared to other constituents followed Neryl acetate (60.25%) found in the immortelle absolute oil, Cis davanone (55.36%) was found in the davana oil, Ocimene (45.58%) in the tagetes oil, α-bisabololoxide B (45.26%) in the German chamomile oil, Beta thujone (50.65%) in the tansy oil, Alpha thujone (40.21%) in the wormwood oil and Camphor (38.65%) in the armoise oil. 1,8-Cineole, Alpha pinene, and Camphene were found in three oils (Wormwood oil, Armoise oil and Yarrow oil) among the selected oils. result: The results revealed the majority of terpenes and terpenoid-natured compounds. Methyl Chavicol (75.634%) was the highest content found in the tarragon oil when compared to the compounds found in the ten Asteraceae essential oils. The compounds such as Neryl acetate (60.251%) werefound in the immortelle absolute oil, Cis davanone (55.3640%) was found in the davana oil, Ocimene (45.5856%) in the tagetes oil, α-bisabololoxide B (45.2655%) in the German chamomile oil, Beta thujone (50.6520%) in the tansy oil, Alpha thujone (40.2150%) in the wormwood oil and Camphor (38.654%) in the armoise oil. 1,8-Cineole, Alpha pinene and Camphene were the compounds found in three of the ten Asteraceae essential oils Conclusion: Finally, we concluded that species from the same family (Asteraceae) were biologically synthesized with different volatile constituents. Hence, each essential oil has a unique biochemical fingerprint. These findings will help the food industry in relation to natural flavoring.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Essential Oil Content of Asteraceae Family Medicinal Plants","authors":"Arun Gobinath, Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0115734110316947240813054000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110316947240813054000","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Asteraceae family comprises the largest flowering plant species, which have also been proven to have medicinal value for various illnesses due to the presence of numerous volatile and non-volatile constituents. Objective: The study aims to compare the volatile phytoconstiteunts presence in the essential oils of Asteraceae family plants including Roman Chamomile Oil (Chamaemelum nobile), German Chamomile Oil (Matricaria chamomilla), Davana Oil (Artemisia pallens), Wormwood Oil (Artemisia absinthium), Armoise Oil (Artemisia vulgaris), Tansy Oil (Tanacetum vulgare), Yarrow Oil (Achillea millefolium), Tarragon Oil (Artemisia dracunculus), Tagetes Oil (Tagetes erecta) and Immortelle Absolute Oil (Helichrysum italicum) as simultaneous estimation using the novel methods. Methods: Roman chamomile, German chamomile, davana, wormwood, armoire, tansy, yarrow, tarragon, tagetes, and immortelle absolute oils were extracted by steam distillation from their respective Asteraceae species and carried out the gas chromatography analysis. Results: The result was that GC-MS analysis of selected essential oils contains terpenes and terpenoids in major amounts. Among the detected volatile constituents in crucial oils Methyl Chavicol was found higher 75.63% in Tarragon Oil compared to other constituents followed Neryl acetate (60.25%) found in the immortelle absolute oil, Cis davanone (55.36%) was found in the davana oil, Ocimene (45.58%) in the tagetes oil, α-bisabololoxide B (45.26%) in the German chamomile oil, Beta thujone (50.65%) in the tansy oil, Alpha thujone (40.21%) in the wormwood oil and Camphor (38.65%) in the armoise oil. 1,8-Cineole, Alpha pinene, and Camphene were found in three oils (Wormwood oil, Armoise oil and Yarrow oil) among the selected oils. result: The results revealed the majority of terpenes and terpenoid-natured compounds. Methyl Chavicol (75.634%) was the highest content found in the tarragon oil when compared to the compounds found in the ten Asteraceae essential oils. The compounds such as Neryl acetate (60.251%) werefound in the immortelle absolute oil, Cis davanone (55.3640%) was found in the davana oil, Ocimene (45.5856%) in the tagetes oil, α-bisabololoxide B (45.2655%) in the German chamomile oil, Beta thujone (50.6520%) in the tansy oil, Alpha thujone (40.2150%) in the wormwood oil and Camphor (38.654%) in the armoise oil. 1,8-Cineole, Alpha pinene and Camphene were the compounds found in three of the ten Asteraceae essential oils Conclusion: Finally, we concluded that species from the same family (Asteraceae) were biologically synthesized with different volatile constituents. Hence, each essential oil has a unique biochemical fingerprint. These findings will help the food industry in relation to natural flavoring.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.2174/0115734110309877240812094622
Yasin Erdoğan, Onur Eser Kök, Adil Özdemir, Sarper Öztürk
Introduction: In this study, the effect of different weighing material such as olivine, barite and calcium carbonate on cutting carrying of water-based drilling fluids was investigated. Initially, characterization studies were performed for the additive materials. Method: Then, spud type muds were prepared with bentonite and the weighing materials were added at different rates ranging from wt.1-6%. After the sample preparation, mud weight, 600 and 300 rpm dial reading, plastic viscosity, yield point, flow behavior index and power law consistency factor values were measured/calculated. Result: With these results, cutting carrying index of the muds was calculated and the effect of the additive materials was compared. According to the results, it was determined that the barite added muds had better cutting carrying capacity than others and the calcium carbonate added muds showed worse cutting carrying capacity. Optimal CCI results were obtained from O-5 as 3.7869 and, from B-6 as 5.9417 and from C-4 as 2.7113. Conclusion: Results of this study show that olivine can be used as low additive ratios in drilling muds to clean the hole.
{"title":"Effect of Olivine, Barite and Calcium Carbonate on Cutting Carrying Capacity of Water-Based Drilling Fluids","authors":"Yasin Erdoğan, Onur Eser Kök, Adil Özdemir, Sarper Öztürk","doi":"10.2174/0115734110309877240812094622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110309877240812094622","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In this study, the effect of different weighing material such as olivine, barite and calcium carbonate on cutting carrying of water-based drilling fluids was investigated. Initially, characterization studies were performed for the additive materials. Method: Then, spud type muds were prepared with bentonite and the weighing materials were added at different rates ranging from wt.1-6%. After the sample preparation, mud weight, 600 and 300 rpm dial reading, plastic viscosity, yield point, flow behavior index and power law consistency factor values were measured/calculated. Result: With these results, cutting carrying index of the muds was calculated and the effect of the additive materials was compared. According to the results, it was determined that the barite added muds had better cutting carrying capacity than others and the calcium carbonate added muds showed worse cutting carrying capacity. Optimal CCI results were obtained from O-5 as 3.7869 and, from B-6 as 5.9417 and from C-4 as 2.7113. Conclusion: Results of this study show that olivine can be used as low additive ratios in drilling muds to clean the hole.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Different C-3 substituted flavonoids have different biological activities and applications in food pharmacology, toxicology, and medicine. Thus, the rapid identification and classification of substitution patterns at C-3 of flavonoids can benefit the processing of flavonoid-related food and medicine. Objective: This study aimed to classify flavonoids with different C3 substituents using Raman spectroscopy, providing a feasible approach for identifying flavonoids in plants. Methods: Eighteen flavonoid samples were selected and dissolved in different solvents. The corresponding Raman spectra were collected by a portable Raman spectrograph. After preprocessing, feature reduction and machine learning were used for the accurate classification of three flavonoids based on 66 Raman spectra. Results: The signals of flavone at 1002, 1245, 1590, and 1609 cm-1 were identified as the characteristic peaks. Peaks at 1298, 1586, and 1605 cm-1 were the special features observed of flavonol. The fingerprint features of isoflavone appeared at 894, 1227, 1321, and 1620 cm-1. All combinations achieved a good classification accuracy of 85%, and the accuracy of the neural network reached 93.3%. Conclusion: The results have demonstrated machine learning to be applicable for the detection and classification of C-3 substituted flavonoids and that feature reduction can aid in the discrimination of Raman spectra variations among diverse C-3 substituted flavonoids, thereby facilitating their further application.
{"title":"Raman Spectra-based Structural Classification Analysis of Flavones, Flavonols, and Isoflavones Using Machine Learning","authors":"Yangyao Peng, Li Li, Yuhang Yang, Dongjie Zhang, Deyu Bao, Xiujun Li, Xiaojia Hu, Qi Zeng, Xiao Li, Zhen Zhang, Xueli Chen","doi":"10.2174/0115734110301113240528102507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110301113240528102507","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Different C-3 substituted flavonoids have different biological activities and applications in food pharmacology, toxicology, and medicine. Thus, the rapid identification and classification of substitution patterns at C-3 of flavonoids can benefit the processing of flavonoid-related food and medicine. Objective: This study aimed to classify flavonoids with different C3 substituents using Raman spectroscopy, providing a feasible approach for identifying flavonoids in plants. Methods: Eighteen flavonoid samples were selected and dissolved in different solvents. The corresponding Raman spectra were collected by a portable Raman spectrograph. After preprocessing, feature reduction and machine learning were used for the accurate classification of three flavonoids based on 66 Raman spectra. Results: The signals of flavone at 1002, 1245, 1590, and 1609 cm-1 were identified as the characteristic peaks. Peaks at 1298, 1586, and 1605 cm-1 were the special features observed of flavonol. The fingerprint features of isoflavone appeared at 894, 1227, 1321, and 1620 cm-1. All combinations achieved a good classification accuracy of 85%, and the accuracy of the neural network reached 93.3%. Conclusion: The results have demonstrated machine learning to be applicable for the detection and classification of C-3 substituted flavonoids and that feature reduction can aid in the discrimination of Raman spectra variations among diverse C-3 substituted flavonoids, thereby facilitating their further application.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.2174/0115734110316443240725051037
Ajay Vikram Singh, Girija Bansod, Angelina Schumann, Frank S. Bierkandt, Peter Laux, Sweta Vijay Nakhale, Amruta Shelar, Rajendra Patil, Andreas Luch
Aims: This study investigates the composition of tattoo pigments to ensure their safe application in tattoo art, evaluating the viability of UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, coupled with chemometrics, for predicting pigment contents in tattoo inks. Background: Analyzing pigments in tattoo inks poses challenges in maintaining quality. This study addresses the difficulties by proposing the use of UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, along with chemometrics, as potential solutions for effective monitoring. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the content of red (PR) 170/254 and pigment blue (PB) 15:3 in tattoo inks from diverse suppliers and examine the distinct chemical structures and existing impurities in the samples using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, employing regression models for data analysis. Method: We collected UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra from the tattoo ink samples and utilized regression models for data analysis. We assessed correlations across spectrum areas, emphasizing coefficients of determination for cross-validation. Subsequently, we compared the results obtained from both spectroscopic methods in terms of pigment identity and evaluated the suitability of UV-Vis spectroscopy for analyzing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution. Finally, we employed chemometric modeling to enhance predictions of FT-IR parameters, particularly in the functional group and fingerprint region of the spectra. Results: Significant correlations were observed across both UV-Vis and FT-IR spectrum areas, with coefficients of determination for cross-validation exceeding 0.7 for most parameters. Both spectroscopic methods yielded nearly identical results regarding pigment identity. UV-Vis spectroscopy proved to be a suitable method for analyzing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution. Chemometric modeling enhanced predictions of FT-IR parameters, particularly in the functional group and fingerprint region of the spectra. Conclusion: The study underscores the significance of utilizing UV-Vis and FT-IR wavelengths from various suppliers to determine pigment structures in tattoo inks. The consistent and comparable results from both spectroscopic methods highlight their efficacy in characterizing pigments. UV-Vis spectroscopy, in particular, emerged as a valuable tool for assessing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution. The improved predictions through chemometric modeling further emphasize the utility of these analytical approaches in ensuring the safe use of tattoo inks in the art of tattooing.
{"title":"Investigating Tattoo Pigments Composition with UV-Vis and FT-IR Spectroscopy supported by Chemometric Modelling","authors":"Ajay Vikram Singh, Girija Bansod, Angelina Schumann, Frank S. Bierkandt, Peter Laux, Sweta Vijay Nakhale, Amruta Shelar, Rajendra Patil, Andreas Luch","doi":"10.2174/0115734110316443240725051037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734110316443240725051037","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study investigates the composition of tattoo pigments to ensure their safe application in tattoo art, evaluating the viability of UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, coupled with chemometrics, for predicting pigment contents in tattoo inks. Background: Analyzing pigments in tattoo inks poses challenges in maintaining quality. This study addresses the difficulties by proposing the use of UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, along with chemometrics, as potential solutions for effective monitoring. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the content of red (PR) 170/254 and pigment blue (PB) 15:3 in tattoo inks from diverse suppliers and examine the distinct chemical structures and existing impurities in the samples using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, employing regression models for data analysis. Method: We collected UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra from the tattoo ink samples and utilized regression models for data analysis. We assessed correlations across spectrum areas, emphasizing coefficients of determination for cross-validation. Subsequently, we compared the results obtained from both spectroscopic methods in terms of pigment identity and evaluated the suitability of UV-Vis spectroscopy for analyzing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution. Finally, we employed chemometric modeling to enhance predictions of FT-IR parameters, particularly in the functional group and fingerprint region of the spectra. Results: Significant correlations were observed across both UV-Vis and FT-IR spectrum areas, with coefficients of determination for cross-validation exceeding 0.7 for most parameters. Both spectroscopic methods yielded nearly identical results regarding pigment identity. UV-Vis spectroscopy proved to be a suitable method for analyzing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution. Chemometric modeling enhanced predictions of FT-IR parameters, particularly in the functional group and fingerprint region of the spectra. Conclusion: The study underscores the significance of utilizing UV-Vis and FT-IR wavelengths from various suppliers to determine pigment structures in tattoo inks. The consistent and comparable results from both spectroscopic methods highlight their efficacy in characterizing pigments. UV-Vis spectroscopy, in particular, emerged as a valuable tool for assessing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution. The improved predictions through chemometric modeling further emphasize the utility of these analytical approaches in ensuring the safe use of tattoo inks in the art of tattooing.","PeriodicalId":10742,"journal":{"name":"Current Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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