Critical reviews in analytical chemistry最新文献

Organic fluorescence and colorimetric probes have emerged as vital tools for detecting metal ions, due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response times. Copper, an essential trace element, plays a critical role in biological systems, yet its imbalance can lead to severe disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and Wilson's disease. Over the past few years, advancements in probe design have unlocked innovative avenues for not only detecting Cu²⁺ in environmental and biological samples but also for visualizing its distribution through fluorescence imaging. These probes offering robust performance under diverse conditions. Fluorescence imaging using these probes plays a pivotal role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring by offering real-time visualization of tumor morphology and biomolecular interactions at cellular and tissue levels. This review aims to explore the diversity of organic fluorescence and colorimetric probes developed for the detection of Cu²⁺, with a particular focus on their applications in fluorescence imaging from 2020 to 2024. The discussion highlights the use of these probes in visualizing Cu²⁺ in various cancer cells such as SiHa, HCT 116, GES-1, RAW 264.7, HepG2, HeLa, MCF-7 and DrG cell lines, tissues, and small living organisms. By targeting cancer-specific pathways and monitoring copper-related physiological changes, these probes have significantly advanced the fields of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. This comprehensive analysis emphasizes the potential of fluorescence imaging as a powerful tool for elucidating the roles of Cu²⁺ in health and disease, paving the way for future advances in biomedical research.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology has been widely used in many fields including industrial production, space exploration, medical analysis, environmental pollution detection, etc. However, the stability problem of LIBS is one of the core problems for its further development. Solutions in the LIBS field in recent decades were summarized and classified from the physical mechanism and analysis method. In particular, the processing methods based on the features of the plasma image and reconstructed image were analyzed and expounded. At the physical mechanism level, the system improvement strategy, environmental modulation strategy, and sample pretreatment improvement strategy were summarized and classified as a pre-improvement strategy. At the analysis method level, two kinds of correction strategies were concluded according to the difference between the feature mediums of the plasma spectrum and image, which were classified as a later improvement strategy. Strategies and methods were discussed in detail, which can provide a basic architecture and reference for the research of LIBS stability improvement. Moreover, the potential developing trend for this topic was proposed.

This review article highlights the importance of novel charge transfer (CT) sensing approach for the detection of ions which are crucial from environmental and biological point of view. The importance, principles of charge transfer, ion sensing, its different types, and its basic process will all be covered here. The strategy has been reported with enormous sensitivity and fast signaling response owing to the fact that strong electronic connection communication exists between donor (D) and acceptor (A) part. Important discoveries made since 2010 will be examined. Herein, we will showcase the binding constants, conditions employed for sensing, and limit of detection of crucial ions via CT based sensors that researchers have bough forth for real-time applications. Additionally, the focus will be on the mechanistic aspects and signaling response as a result of the interaction between ion and sensor molecule.

This review highlights recent advancements and challenges in fluorescence-based chemical sensors for selective and sensitive detection of perchlorate, a persistent environmental pollutant and global concern due to its health and safety implications. Perchlorate is a highly persistent inorganic pollutant found in drinking water, soil, and air, with known endocrine-disruptive properties due to its interference with iodide uptake by the thyroid gland. Human exposure mainly occurs through contaminated water and food. Additionally, perchlorates are prevalent in improvised explosives, causing numerous civilian casualties, making their detection important in a worldwide aspect. Fluorescence-based chemical sensors provide a valuable tool for the selective detection of perchlorate ions due to their simplicity and applicability across various fields, including biology, pharmacology, military, and environmental science. This review article overviews perchlorate chemistry, occurrence, and remediation strategies, compares regulatory limits, and examines fluorescence-based detection mechanisms. It systematically summarizes recent advancements in designing at least a dozen fluorescence-based chemical materials for detecting perchlorate in the environment over the past decade. Key focus areas include the design and molecular architecture of synthetic chemical chromophores for perchlorate sensing and the photochemistry mechanisms driving their effectiveness. The main findings indicate that there has been significant progress in the development of reliable and robust fluorescence-based sensors with higher selectivity and sensitivity for perchlorate detection. However, several challenges remain, such as improving detection limits and sensor stability. The review outlines potential future research directions, emphasizing the need for further innovation in sensor design and development. It aims to enhance understanding and spur advances that could create more efficient and robust chemical scaffolds for perchlorate sensing. By addressing current limitations and identifying opportunities for improvement, the review provides a comprehensive resource for researchers working to develop better detection methods for this significant environmental pollutant.

Pesticides are commonly found in plant-based foods, which inevitably reduces food quality and poses significant health risks to consumers. The extensive variety of crops and the wide range of pesticides used means that no single analytical approach can provide clear and comprehensive information on the pesticide-protection status of a crop. Since most pesticide analyses in food rely on chromatographic techniques combined with various MS platforms, this article focuses exclusively on LC-MS and GC-MS system methodologies. In summary, this paper critically reviews analytical modes-specifically, multi reaction monitoring, data-dependent analysis, and data-independent analysis-and scanning regimes, including full scan, MS, MS/MS, suspect screening, and fingerprinting strategies, for pesticide detection in edible plants. The advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies, as well as their complementary applications, are thoroughly examined.

This review article examines the application of electrochemical methods for detecting four prevalent antibiotics - azithromycin (AZM), amoxicillin (AMX), tetracycline (TC), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) - in environmental monitoring. Although, antibiotics are essential to contemporary treatment, their widespread usage has contaminated the environment and given rise to antibiotic resistance. Electrochemical techniques offer sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective solutions for monitoring these antibiotics, addressing the limitations of traditional methods. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of various electrochemical approaches, including voltammetry, amperometry, photoelectrochemical and so on, highlighting their principles, advantages, and limitations. Key findings underscore the effectiveness of these methods in detecting antibiotics at trace levels in complex environmental matrices. Implications for environmental health and policy are discussed, emphasizing the importance of reliable detection techniques in mitigating antibiotic resistance and safeguarding ecosystems. Lastly, the article outlines future research directions aimed at enhancing the sensitivity, selectivity, and field-applicability of electrochemical sensors, thus advancing their utility in environmental monitoring and public health protection.

Water contaminated with chromium (Cr) poses significant risks to public health and the environment, necessitating reliable detection techniques. This review study uniquely provides a comprehensive analysis of optical methods for detecting Cr pollution in water, focusing on both reagent-based and reagentless approaches, as well as various sensing platforms. Unlike existing reviews that primarily focus on electrochemical and colorimetric/fluorimetric methods, this work highlights the untapped potential of optical technologies, such as colorimetry, SPR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and more, in detecting distinct Cr species, including reagent and reagentless based approaches. The findings demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of optical methods. Reagent-based approaches offer exceptional sensitivity but involve complex preparation and potential secondary contamination. In contrast, reagentless methods, while requiring sophisticated calibration, are more environmentally friendly and simpler to implement. Future directions emphasize the development of portable, cost-effective optical devices, improved Cr species differentiation, and integration with real-time data processing and remote sensing for enhanced field monitoring. This study informs researchers and policymakers about the latest advancements in optical detection techniques and their potential to enhance water quality monitoring.

Epilepsy is a serious neurological disease that impacts all facets of a patient's life, including their socioeconomic situation. The failure to identify underlying epileptic signatures in their early stages might result in severe harm to the central nervous system (CNS) and permanent adverse changes to some organs. Therefore, numerous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are frequently used to control and treat the frequency of seizures. Since clinical effects and plasma concentration are directly correlated, determining AED levels in various samples has drawn a lot of interest in the optimization of drug doses. In the past several years, various generations of AEDs have appeared, and a variety of techniques have been widely used to analyze AEDs, including HPLC, chromatography, spectrometry, and electrochemical methods such as voltammetric, potentiometric, and others that can help in the analysis of these drugs because of their special benefits, which include quick analysis, high sensitivity, high selectivity, low cost, and dependable results. For the first time, this review article details the most recent advancements in the electrochemical measurement techniques used in the analysis of some of the most effective drugs in the three generations of AEDs in various samples using diverse electrode types, including glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), gold electrodes, pencil graphite electrodes (PGE), and other types. In addition to summarizing their mode of action and side effects. Finally, we will present the prospects for the development of electrochemical platforms for the determination of the next generation of AEDs.

Heavy metal pollution is a major environmental and health problem due to the toxicity and persistence of metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic in water, soil, and air. Advances in sensor technology have significantly improved the detection and quantification of heavy metals, providing real-time monitoring and mitigation tools. This review explores recent developments in heavy metal detection, focusing on innovative uses of immobilized chromogenic reagents, nanomaterials, perovskites, and nanozymes. Immobilized chromogenic reagents, with their high specificity and visual detection capabilities, provide cost effective solutions for heavy metal detection. Techniques to improve their stability and sensitivity, including surface modifications and hybrid materials, are discussed. Nanomaterials, including quantum dots, metal-organic frameworks, and carbon-based nanostructures, have emerged as versatile platforms due to their unique physicochemical properties. These materials enable highly sensitive and selective sensing mechanisms, such as fluorescence quenching and electrochemical sensing. Perovskites, a class of materials known for their tunable optoelectronic properties, have shown great promise in the optical and electrochemical detection of heavy metals. Despite challenges related to stability and environmental safety, their potential for low-cost and scalable applications is remarkable. Nanozymes, synthetic enzyme mimics, offer robust and catalytic sensing capabilities, particularly in colorimetric and electrochemical analyses. Their superior stability and reusability compared to natural enzymes make them ideal candidates for environmental monitoring. This review provides a comparative analysis of these techniques, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and real-world applicability. Emerging trends include hybrid systems that combine the benefits of multiple approaches. The discussion concludes by addressing current challenges and providing perspectives on future directions for advancing heavy metal detection technologies to improve environmental health and safety. Integrating chromogenic reagents with perovskite materials represents a promising direction for developing robust, sensitive, and easy-to-use sensors for health and environmental safety monitoring.

Phospholipids (PhLs) are essential components of cell membranes, characterized by a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic headgroup. They play several roles in biological systems, including energy storage, protection, and antioxidant properties. PhLs are found naturally in foods such as egg yolks, milk, or vegetable oils. The composition and concentration of PhLs observed in these foods vary according to the analytical methodology applied, mainly in the extraction and sample treatment process. Analytical targeted approaches for characterized PhLs involve liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. These methods provide insights into the composition and content of PhLs in food matrices. However, there is limited research on using PhL profiles for food quality evaluation and authentication purposes. Untargeted approaches, such as fingerprinting, have the potential to assess the authenticity of food products by capturing analytical signals linked to the PhL fraction. This review focusses on recent analytical strategies used in characterizing PhLs in distinctive foodstuffs (eggs, milk, and vegetable oils). It discusses sample preparation, analytical separation, and detection techniques. The review also highlights the potential of multivariate approaches to incorporate information on PhL composition to assess the authenticity of food products, an area that has been largely overlooked in previous studies.