Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2022-08-13DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2106543
Naini Garg, Akash Deep, Amit L Sharma
With the expansion and advancement in agricultural and chemical industries, various toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc, copper, arsenic etc. are continuously released into the environment. Intake of sources contaminated with such toxic metals leads to various health issues. Keeping the serious effects of these toxic metal ions in view, various organic-inorganic nanomaterials based sensors have been exploited for their detection via optical, electrochemical and colorimetric approaches. Since a chemical sensor works on the principle of interaction between the sensing layer and the analytes, a sensor material with large surface area is required to enable the largest possible interaction with the target molecules and hence the sensitivity of the chemical sensor. However, commonly employed materials such as metal oxides and conducting polymers tend to feature relatively low surface areas, and hence resulting in low sensitivity of the sensor. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) nanostructures are another category of organic-inorganic materials endowed with large surface area, ultra-high and tunable porosity, post-synthesis modification features, readily available active sites, catalytic activity, and chemical/thermal stability. These properties provide high sensitivity to the MOF based sensors due to the adsorption of large number of target analytes. The current review article focuses on MOFs based optical and electrochemical sensors for the detection of heavy metals.
{"title":"Recent Trends and Advances in Porous Metal-Organic Framework Nanostructures for the Electrochemical and Optical Sensing of Heavy Metals in Water.","authors":"Naini Garg, Akash Deep, Amit L Sharma","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2106543","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2106543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the expansion and advancement in agricultural and chemical industries, various toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc, copper, arsenic etc. are continuously released into the environment. Intake of sources contaminated with such toxic metals leads to various health issues. Keeping the serious effects of these toxic metal ions in view, various organic-inorganic nanomaterials based sensors have been exploited for their detection via optical, electrochemical and colorimetric approaches. Since a chemical sensor works on the principle of interaction between the sensing layer and the analytes, a sensor material with large surface area is required to enable the largest possible interaction with the target molecules and hence the sensitivity of the chemical sensor. However, commonly employed materials such as metal oxides and conducting polymers tend to feature relatively low surface areas, and hence resulting in low sensitivity of the sensor. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) nanostructures are another category of organic-inorganic materials endowed with large surface area, ultra-high and tunable porosity, post-synthesis modification features, readily available active sites, catalytic activity, and chemical/thermal stability. These properties provide high sensitivity to the MOF based sensors due to the adsorption of large number of target analytes. The current review article focuses on MOFs based optical and electrochemical sensors for the detection of heavy metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological disorders and dramatic social problems are serious concerns regarding the abuse of amphetamine and its stimulant derivatives worldwide. Consumers of such drugs experience great euphoria along with serious health problems. Determination and quantification of amphetamine-type stimulants are indispensable skills for clinical and forensic laboratories. Analysis of low drug doses in bio-matrices necessitates applications of simple and also effective preparation steps. The preparation procedures not only eliminate adverse matrix effects, but also provide reasonable clean-up and pre-concentration benefits. The current review presents different methods used for sample preparation of amphetamines from urine as the most frequently used biological matrix. The advantages and limitations of various sample preparation methods were discussed focusing on the miniaturized methods.
{"title":"Microextraction Techniques for Sample Preparation of Amphetamines in Urine: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Nasim Nourani, Arezou Taghvimi, Ahad Bavili-Tabrizi, Yousef Javadzadeh, Siavoush Dastmalchi","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2113028","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2113028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological disorders and dramatic social problems are serious concerns regarding the abuse of amphetamine and its stimulant derivatives worldwide. Consumers of such drugs experience great euphoria along with serious health problems. Determination and quantification of amphetamine-type stimulants are indispensable skills for clinical and forensic laboratories. Analysis of low drug doses in bio-matrices necessitates applications of simple and also effective preparation steps. The preparation procedures not only eliminate adverse matrix effects, but also provide reasonable clean-up and pre-concentration benefits. The current review presents different methods used for sample preparation of amphetamines from urine as the most frequently used biological matrix. The advantages and limitations of various sample preparation methods were discussed focusing on the miniaturized methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33462092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2111655
Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani, Mustafa Tuzen, Muhammad Yar Khuhawar, Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam, Mir Ali Farajzadeh
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been developed as green solvents and these are capable as alternatives to conventional solvents used for the extraction of organic and inorganic species from food and water samples. The continuous generation of contaminated waste and increasing concern for the human health and environment have compelled the scientific community to investigate more ecological schemes. In this concern, the use of DESs have developed in one of the chief approach in the field of chemistry. These solvents have appeared as a capable substitute to conventional hazardous solvents and ionic liquids. The DESs has distinctive properties, easy preparation and components availability. It is not only used in scienctific fields but also used in quotidian life. There are many advantages of DESs in analytical chemistry, they are largely used for extraction and determination of inorganic and organic compounds from different samples. In previous a few years, several advanced researches have been focused on the separation and preconcentration of low level of pollutants using DESs as the extractants. This review summarizes the use of DESs in the separation and preconcentration of organic and inorganic species from water and food samples using various microextraction processes.
深共晶溶剂(DES)是作为绿色溶剂开发出来的,可以替代用于从食品和水样中提取有机和无机物的传统溶剂。污染废物的不断产生以及对人类健康和环境的日益关注,迫使科学界研究更多的生态方案。在这种情况下,DES 的使用已成为化学领域的主要方法之一。这些溶剂可以替代传统的有害溶剂和离子液体。DESs 具有与众不同的特性,易于制备,成分容易获得。它不仅应用于科学领域,还应用于日常生活。DESs 在分析化学中具有许多优势,主要用于从不同样品中萃取和测定无机和有机化合物。在过去几年中,一些先进的研究主要集中在使用 DESs 作为萃取剂对低浓度污染物进行分离和预浓缩。本综述总结了利用各种微萃取工艺从水和食品样品中分离和预浓缩有机和无机物的 DESs 应用。
{"title":"Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction and Preconcentration of Organic and Inorganic Species in Water and Food Samples: A Review.","authors":"Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani, Mustafa Tuzen, Muhammad Yar Khuhawar, Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam, Mir Ali Farajzadeh","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2111655","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2111655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been developed as green solvents and these are capable as alternatives to conventional solvents used for the extraction of organic and inorganic species from food and water samples. The continuous generation of contaminated waste and increasing concern for the human health and environment have compelled the scientific community to investigate more ecological schemes. In this concern, the use of DESs have developed in one of the chief approach in the field of chemistry. These solvents have appeared as a capable substitute to conventional hazardous solvents and ionic liquids. The DESs has distinctive properties, easy preparation and components availability. It is not only used in scienctific fields but also used in quotidian life. There are many advantages of DESs in analytical chemistry, they are largely used for extraction and determination of inorganic and organic compounds from different samples. In previous a few years, several advanced researches have been focused on the separation and preconcentration of low level of pollutants using DESs as the extractants. This review summarizes the use of DESs in the separation and preconcentration of organic and inorganic species from water and food samples using various microextraction processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40620757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2022-08-25DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2114784
Hicham Meskher, Fethi Achi
Because of their unique physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, conductive nanomaterials have a lot of potential for applications in materials science, energy storage, environmental science, biomedicine, sensors/biosensors, and other fields. Recent breakthroughs in the manufacture of carbon materials, conductive polymers, metals, and metal oxide nanoparticles based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for applications in environmental monitoring by detection of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ) are presented in this review. To achieve this goal, we first introduced recent works that discuss the effects of phenolic compounds and the need for accurate, inexpensive, and quick monitoring, and then we focused on the use of the most important applications of nanomaterials, such as carbon-based materials, metals, and metal oxides nanoparticles, and conductive polymers, to develop sensors to monitor catechol and hydroquinone. Finally, we identified challenges and limits in the field of sensors and biosensors, as well as possibilities and recommendations for developing the field for better future applications. Meanwhile, electrochemical sensors and biosensors for catechol and hydroquinone measurement and monitoring were highlighted and discussed particularly. This review, we feel, will aid in the promotion of nanomaterials for the development of innovative electrical sensors and nanodevices for environmental monitoring.
{"title":"Electrochemical Sensing Systems for the Analysis of Catechol and Hydroquinone in the Aquatic Environments: A Critical Review.","authors":"Hicham Meskher, Fethi Achi","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2114784","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2114784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of their unique physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, conductive nanomaterials have a lot of potential for applications in materials science, energy storage, environmental science, biomedicine, sensors/biosensors, and other fields. Recent breakthroughs in the manufacture of carbon materials, conductive polymers, metals, and metal oxide nanoparticles based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for applications in environmental monitoring by detection of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ) are presented in this review. To achieve this goal, we first introduced recent works that discuss the effects of phenolic compounds and the need for accurate, inexpensive, and quick monitoring, and then we focused on the use of the most important applications of nanomaterials, such as carbon-based materials, metals, and metal oxides nanoparticles, and conductive polymers, to develop sensors to monitor catechol and hydroquinone. Finally, we identified challenges and limits in the field of sensors and biosensors, as well as possibilities and recommendations for developing the field for better future applications. Meanwhile, electrochemical sensors and biosensors for catechol and hydroquinone measurement and monitoring were highlighted and discussed particularly. This review, we feel, will aid in the promotion of nanomaterials for the development of innovative electrical sensors and nanodevices for environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40639208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2107871
Vitor L Sanches, Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita, Juliane Viganó, Letícia S Contieri, Rodrigo Pizani, Jaísa Chaves, Laíse Capelasso da Silva, Mariana Corrêa de Souza, Marcia Cristina Breitkreitz, Maurício A Rostagno
Citrus fruits (CF) are highly consumed worldwide, fresh, processed, or prepared as juices and pies. To illustrate the high economic importance of CF, the global production of these commodities in 2021 was around 98 million tons. CF's composition is considered an excellent source of phenolic compounds (PC) as they have a large amount and variety. Since ancient times, PC has been highlighted to promote several benefits related to oxidative stress disorders, such as chronic diseases and cancer. Recent studies suggest that consuming citrus fruits can prevent some of these diseases. However, due to the complexity of citrus matrices, extracting compounds of interest from these types of samples, and identifying and quantifying them effectively, is not a simple task. In this context, several extractive and analytical proposals have been used. This review discusses current research involving CF, focusing mainly on PC extraction and analysis methods, regarding advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of Green Chemistry.
柑橘类水果(CF)在世界各地的消费量都很高,无论是新鲜的、经过加工的,还是制作成果汁和馅饼的。为了说明柑橘类水果在经济上的重要性,2021 年全球柑橘类水果的产量约为 9800 万吨。由于酚类化合物(PC)含量高、种类多,因此被认为是酚类化合物的绝佳来源。自古以来,酚类化合物就被认为对氧化应激紊乱(如慢性病和癌症)有多种益处。最近的研究表明,食用柑橘类水果可以预防其中一些疾病。然而,由于柑橘类基质的复杂性,从这类样品中提取相关化合物并对其进行有效的鉴定和定量并非易事。在这种情况下,人们采用了多种提取和分析建议。本综述从绿色化学的角度讨论了当前涉及柑橘类化合物的研究,主要侧重于 PC 提取和分析方法,以及其优缺点。
{"title":"Insights on the Extraction and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds from Citrus Fruits: Green Perspectives and Current Status.","authors":"Vitor L Sanches, Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita, Juliane Viganó, Letícia S Contieri, Rodrigo Pizani, Jaísa Chaves, Laíse Capelasso da Silva, Mariana Corrêa de Souza, Marcia Cristina Breitkreitz, Maurício A Rostagno","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2107871","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2107871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrus fruits (CF) are highly consumed worldwide, fresh, processed, or prepared as juices and pies. To illustrate the high economic importance of CF, the global production of these commodities in 2021 was around 98 million tons. CF's composition is considered an excellent source of phenolic compounds (PC) as they have a large amount and variety. Since ancient times, PC has been highlighted to promote several benefits related to oxidative stress disorders, such as chronic diseases and cancer. Recent studies suggest that consuming citrus fruits can prevent some of these diseases. However, due to the complexity of citrus matrices, extracting compounds of interest from these types of samples, and identifying and quantifying them effectively, is not a simple task. In this context, several extractive and analytical proposals have been used. This review discusses current research involving CF, focusing mainly on PC extraction and analysis methods, regarding advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of Green Chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40434261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2113760
Zühre Şentürk
Voltammetry, which is at the core of electroanalytical chemistry, is an analytical method that investigates and evaluates the current-potential relationship obtained at a given working electrode. If it is used dropping mercury as working electrode, the method is called as polarography. The current year 2022 marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of polarography by Czech Jaroslav Heyrovský. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1959 for this discovery and his contribution to the scientific world. A hundred years, within the endless existence of the universe is maybe nothing. A hundred years, in the history of mankind is a line, maybe a short paragraph. But, in science, a hundred years can lead to very significant advances in a field and often to the birth and establishment of an entirely new scientific discipline. Indeed, in the last hundred years, the design and use of new electrochemical devices, depending on the progress in microelectronics and computer technologies, has almost revolutionized voltammetry. Besides these developments, due to the fact that the redox (oxidation/reduction) process is very basic for living organisms; the voltammetry, especially with the beginning of the 21st century, has started to be used as a very powerful tool in neuroscience to solve the mystery of the brain (the basic problems of biomolecules with physiological and genetic importance in brain tissue). This review article is an overview of the 100-year history and fascinating development of voltammetry from Heyrovský to the present.
{"title":"A Journey from the Drops of Mercury to the Mysterious Shores of the Brain: The 100-Year Adventure of Voltammetry.","authors":"Zühre Şentürk","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2113760","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408347.2022.2113760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voltammetry, which is at the core of electroanalytical chemistry, is an analytical method that investigates and evaluates the current-potential relationship obtained at a given working electrode. If it is used dropping mercury as working electrode, the method is called as polarography. The current year 2022 marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of polarography by Czech Jaroslav Heyrovský. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1959 for this discovery and his contribution to the scientific world. A hundred years, within the endless existence of the universe is maybe nothing. A hundred years, in the history of mankind is a line, maybe a short paragraph. But, in science, a hundred years can lead to very significant advances in a field and often to the birth and establishment of an entirely new scientific discipline. Indeed, in the last hundred years, the design and use of new electrochemical devices, depending on the progress in microelectronics and computer technologies, has almost revolutionized voltammetry. Besides these developments, due to the fact that the redox (oxidation/reduction) process is very basic for living organisms; the voltammetry, especially with the beginning of the 21st century, has started to be used as a very powerful tool in neuroscience to solve the mystery of the brain (the basic problems of biomolecules with physiological and genetic importance in brain tissue). This review article is an overview of the 100-year history and fascinating development of voltammetry from Heyrovský to the present.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and drug products represents a risk to patients' health. Such substances are related to diverse side effects and may have mutagenic potential. That's why it is necessary to establish acceptable limits for these by-products, to minimize the risk associated with medicinal therapy. This work focused on presenting a critical review of relevant points related to the presence of impurities in pharmaceuticals. The main legislation and guidelines from the FDA, EMA, ICH, and Pharmacopeias about the subject were evaluated, and recent articles related to the topic were searched in Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science from 2013 to 2023. Additionally, the analytical techniques used for quantifying impurities were discussed, along with relevant tests for assessing the toxicological and mutagenic risks of these by-products. Recent legislation, including ICH Q3A (R2), ICH Q3B (R2), ICH M7 (R2), ICH Q3D (R2), ICH Q3C (R9), ICH Q3E, ICH Q6A, ICH M3 (R2), as well as FDA and EMA guidelines, highlights a comprehensive and effective framework for controlling impurities in pharmaceuticals. Despite this, there remains a lack of harmonization and standardized procedures across different regions. From the review of scientific literature, we observed that advancements in analytical techniques have significantly improved the sensitivity and selectivity in detecting impurities and degradation products. This underscores the ongoing commitment of health agencies and the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicinal products.
活性药物成分(API)和药物产品中的杂质对患者的健康构成风险。这些物质与各种副作用有关,并可能具有诱变潜力。因此,有必要为这些副产品制定可接受的限度,以最大限度地降低与药物治疗相关的风险。这项工作的重点是对药品中杂质存在的相关要点进行严格审查。我们评估了 FDA、EMA、ICH 和药典中与该主题相关的主要法规和指南,并在 Scopus、ScienceDirect、PubMed 和 Web of Science 中搜索了 2013 年至 2023 年与该主题相关的最新文章。此外,还讨论了用于量化杂质的分析技术,以及评估这些副产品的毒理学和致突变风险的相关测试。最近的立法,包括 ICH Q3A (R2)、ICH Q3B (R2)、ICH M7 (R2)、ICH Q3D (R2)、ICH Q3C (R9)、ICH Q3E、ICH Q6A、ICH M3 (R2),以及 FDA 和 EMA 指南,强调了控制药品中杂质的全面而有效的框架。尽管如此,不同地区之间仍然缺乏统一和标准化的程序。通过查阅科学文献,我们发现分析技术的进步大大提高了检测杂质和降解产物的灵敏度和选择性。这凸显了卫生机构和制药业为确保医药产品的安全性和有效性所做出的不懈努力。
{"title":"Impurities in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Drug Products: A Critical Review.","authors":"Cleydson Finotti Cordeiro, Lucas Lopardi Franco, Diogo Teixeira Carvalho, Rudy Bonfilio","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2024.2384046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2024.2384046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and drug products represents a risk to patients' health. Such substances are related to diverse side effects and may have mutagenic potential. That's why it is necessary to establish acceptable limits for these by-products, to minimize the risk associated with medicinal therapy. This work focused on presenting a critical review of relevant points related to the presence of impurities in pharmaceuticals. The main legislation and guidelines from the FDA, EMA, ICH, and Pharmacopeias about the subject were evaluated, and recent articles related to the topic were searched in Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science from 2013 to 2023. Additionally, the analytical techniques used for quantifying impurities were discussed, along with relevant tests for assessing the toxicological and mutagenic risks of these by-products. Recent legislation, including ICH Q3A (R2), ICH Q3B (R2), ICH M7 (R2), ICH Q3D (R2), ICH Q3C (R9), ICH Q3E, ICH Q6A, ICH M3 (R2), as well as FDA and EMA guidelines, highlights a comprehensive and effective framework for controlling impurities in pharmaceuticals. Despite this, there remains a lack of harmonization and standardized procedures across different regions. From the review of scientific literature, we observed that advancements in analytical techniques have significantly improved the sensitivity and selectivity in detecting impurities and degradation products. This underscores the ongoing commitment of health agencies and the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicinal products.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141765683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2379851
Tahir Ali Sheikh, Muhammad Ismail, Muhammad Fazle Rabbee, Hira Khan, Ayesha Rafique, Zeerak Rasheed, Amna Siddique, Muhammad Zeeshan Rafiq, Zafar A K Khattak, Shehzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani, Umer Shahzad, Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, Mohsin Saeed, Khalid A Alzahrani, Jamal Uddin, Mohammed M Rahman, Francis Verpoort
MXenes (Mn+1XnTx), a subgroup of 2-dimensional (2D) materials, specifically comprise transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. They exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic and photocatalytic properties, making them well-suited for the detection and removal of pollutants from aqueous environments. Because of their high surface area and remarkable properties, they are being utilized in various applications, including catalysis, sensing, and adsorption, to combat pollution and mitigate its adverse effects. Different characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy have been used for the structural elucidation of 2D MXene. Current responses against applied potential were measured during the electrochemical sensing of the hazardous pollutants in an aqueous system using a variety of electroanalytical techniques, including differential pulse voltammetry, amperometry, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, etc. In this review, a comprehensive discussion on structural patterns, synthesis, properties of MXene and their application for electrochemical detection of lethal pollutants like hydroquionone, phenol, catechol, mercury and lead, etc. are presented. This review will be helpful to critically understand the methods of synthesis and application of MXenes for the removal of environmental pollutants.
{"title":"2D MXene-Based Nanoscale Materials for Electrochemical Sensing Toward the Detection of Hazardous Pollutants: A Perspective.","authors":"Tahir Ali Sheikh, Muhammad Ismail, Muhammad Fazle Rabbee, Hira Khan, Ayesha Rafique, Zeerak Rasheed, Amna Siddique, Muhammad Zeeshan Rafiq, Zafar A K Khattak, Shehzada Muhammad Sajid Jillani, Umer Shahzad, Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, Mohsin Saeed, Khalid A Alzahrani, Jamal Uddin, Mohammed M Rahman, Francis Verpoort","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2024.2379851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2024.2379851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MXenes (M<sub>n+1</sub>X<sub>n</sub>T<sub>x</sub>), a subgroup of 2-dimensional (2D) materials, specifically comprise transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. They exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic and photocatalytic properties, making them well-suited for the detection and removal of pollutants from aqueous environments. Because of their high surface area and remarkable properties, they are being utilized in various applications, including catalysis, sensing, and adsorption, to combat pollution and mitigate its adverse effects. Different characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy have been used for the structural elucidation of 2D MXene. Current responses against applied potential were measured during the electrochemical sensing of the hazardous pollutants in an aqueous system using a variety of electroanalytical techniques, including differential pulse voltammetry, amperometry, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, etc. In this review, a comprehensive discussion on structural patterns, synthesis, properties of MXene and their application for electrochemical detection of lethal pollutants like hydroquionone, phenol, catechol, mercury and lead, etc. are presented. This review will be helpful to critically understand the methods of synthesis and application of MXenes for the removal of environmental pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2381543
Genny Grasselli, Adriana Arigò, Pierangela Palma, Giorgio Famiglini, Achille Cappiello
Mass spectrometry (MS) enables precise identification and quantification of molecules, particularly when combined with chromatography. The advent of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques allowed the efficient coupling of liquid chromatography with MS (LC-MS), extending analyses to nonvolatile and thermolabile compounds. API techniques present limitations such as low informative capacity and reproducibility of mass spectra, increasing instrument complexity and costs. Other challenges include analyzing poorly polar molecules and matrix effects (ME), which negatively impact quantitative analyses, necessitating extensive sample purification or using expensive labeled standards. These limitations prompted the exploration of alternative solutions, leading to the development of the Liquid Electron Ionization (LEI) interface. The system has demonstrated excellent robustness and reproducibility. LEI has been employed to analyze various compounds, including pesticides, drugs of abuse, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, and many others. Its versatility has been validated with single quadrupole, triple quadrupole, and QToF detectors, operating in electron ionization (EI) or chemical ionization (CI) modes and with both reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC). LEI has also been successfully integrated with the Microfluidic Open Interface (MOI), Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (MIMS), and Microfluidic Water-Assisted Trap Focusing (M-WATF), broadening its application scope and consistently demonstrating promising results in terms of sensitivity and identification power. The most recent advancement is the development of Extractive-Liquid Sampling Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (E-LEI-MS), a surface sampling and real-time analysis technique based on the LEI concept. This review article offers a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of the potential of LEI.
{"title":"Latest Developments in Direct and Non-Direct LC-MS Methods Based on Liquid Electron Ionization (LEI).","authors":"Genny Grasselli, Adriana Arigò, Pierangela Palma, Giorgio Famiglini, Achille Cappiello","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2024.2381543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2024.2381543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mass spectrometry (MS) enables precise identification and quantification of molecules, particularly when combined with chromatography. The advent of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques allowed the efficient coupling of liquid chromatography with MS (LC-MS), extending analyses to nonvolatile and thermolabile compounds. API techniques present limitations such as low informative capacity and reproducibility of mass spectra, increasing instrument complexity and costs. Other challenges include analyzing poorly polar molecules and matrix effects (ME), which negatively impact quantitative analyses, necessitating extensive sample purification or using expensive labeled standards. These limitations prompted the exploration of alternative solutions, leading to the development of the Liquid Electron Ionization (LEI) interface. The system has demonstrated excellent robustness and reproducibility. LEI has been employed to analyze various compounds, including pesticides, drugs of abuse, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, and many others. Its versatility has been validated with single quadrupole, triple quadrupole, and QToF detectors, operating in electron ionization (EI) or chemical ionization (CI) modes and with both reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC). LEI has also been successfully integrated with the Microfluidic Open Interface (MOI), Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (MIMS), and Microfluidic Water-Assisted Trap Focusing (M-WATF), broadening its application scope and consistently demonstrating promising results in terms of sensitivity and identification power. The most recent advancement is the development of Extractive-Liquid Sampling Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (E-LEI-MS), a surface sampling and real-time analysis technique based on the LEI concept. This review article offers a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of the potential of LEI.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2372501
Aiswarya P S, Ditto Abraham Thadathil, Louis George, Anitha Varghese
Food additives are essential constituents of food products in the modern world. The necessity of food processing went up rapidly as to meet requirements including, imparting desirable properties like preservation, enhancement and regulation of color and taste. The methods of identification and analysis of such substances are crucial. With the advancement of technology, a variety of techniques are emerging for this purpose which have many advantages over the existing conventional ways. This review is on different kinds of additives used in the food industry and few prominent methods for their determination ranging from conventional chromatographic techniques to the recently evolved nano-sensor techniques.
{"title":"Food Additives and Evolved Methods of Detection: A Review.","authors":"Aiswarya P S, Ditto Abraham Thadathil, Louis George, Anitha Varghese","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2024.2372501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2024.2372501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food additives are essential constituents of food products in the modern world. The necessity of food processing went up rapidly as to meet requirements including, imparting desirable properties like preservation, enhancement and regulation of color and taste. The methods of identification and analysis of such substances are crucial. With the advancement of technology, a variety of techniques are emerging for this purpose which have many advantages over the existing conventional ways. This review is on different kinds of additives used in the food industry and few prominent methods for their determination ranging from conventional chromatographic techniques to the recently evolved nano-sensor techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}