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Assessment of Milk and Beverage Intake Trends During Preschool Age and Modeling the Nutritional Impact of Replacing Nondairy Caloric Beverages with Milk 学龄前儿童牛奶和饮料摄入趋势评估以及用牛奶替代非乳热量饮料的营养影响建模
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104436
Kristin Ricklefs-Johnson , Matthew A Pikosky , Christopher J Cifelli , Kristin Fulgoni , Victor L Fulgoni III , Sanjiv Agarwal

Background

Milk provides essential crucial public health nutrients, including 3–4 nutrients of public health concern, yet dairy consumption has declined over time, leading most Americans to fall short of meeting Dietary Guidelines recommendations.

Objectives

To investigate milk and beverage consumption trends in preschool-age children, along with nutrient intakes from beverages, and to analyze the potential impact of replacing nondairy beverages with milk through isocaloric substitution.

Methods

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2018 for children aged 1–5 y (n = 4696) were used, and milk and other beverages intakes were estimated from the first 24-h in-person dietary recall. Nutrient intakes were determined using the United States Department of Agriculture’s food and nutrient database for dietary studies. Changes in nutrient intakes of children aged 2–5 y were modeled assuming isocaloric substitution with milk of all nondairy beverages consumed during lunch and dinner combined. Sample-weighted analyses were performed using SAS 9.4, and significance was set at P < 0.01.

Results

With the increasing age of children, the intake of milk decreased, whereas the intake of energy, caloric beverages excluding milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages increased. Daily intakes of energy, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, vitamin A, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin D from caloric beverages including milk decreased with age, whereas the daily intake of fiber and added sugar increased with age. With the isocaloric replacement of nondairy caloric beverages with milk at lunch and dinner among children aged 2–5 y, intake of protein, fat, SFAs, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, vitamin A, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin D increased, whereas for intake of carbohydrate, fiber, total sugar, and added sugar decreased.

Conclusions

The current findings indicate that increased efforts are needed to reverse the decrease in milk intake over time and as preschool children age and provide additional evidence to support specific dietary recommendations for milk.

背景牛奶提供了公众健康所必需的重要营养素,其中包括 3-4 种公众健康关注的营养素,但随着时间的推移,乳制品的消费量却在下降,导致大多数美国人无法达到膳食指南的建议。方法 采用2001-2018年全国健康与营养状况调查中1-5岁儿童的数据(n = 4696),并通过首次24小时亲自膳食回顾估算牛奶和其他饮料的摄入量。营养素摄入量是通过美国农业部的膳食研究食品和营养素数据库确定的。2-5 岁儿童营养素摄入量的变化是假定用牛奶等热量替代午餐和晚餐期间饮用的所有非乳制品饮料而模拟得出的。结果随着儿童年龄的增长,牛奶的摄入量减少,而能量、除牛奶以外的热量饮料和含糖饮料的摄入量增加。每天从包括牛奶在内的热量饮料中摄入的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、饱和脂肪酸、钙、镁、钾、钠、维生素 A、叶酸、维生素 B-12 和维生素 D 随年龄增长而减少,而每天摄入的纤维和添加糖则随年龄增长而增加。在 2-5 岁儿童的午餐和晚餐中用牛奶等热量替代非乳热饮后,蛋白质、脂肪、SFAs、钙、镁、钾、钠、维生素 A、叶酸、维生素 B-12 和维生素 D 的摄入量增加,而碳水化合物、纤维、总糖和添加糖的摄入量减少。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolomic Profile Alterations Associated with the SLC16A11 Risk Haplotype Following a Lifestyle Intervention in People With Prediabetes 糖尿病前期患者接受生活方式干预后与 SLC16A11 风险单倍型相关的代谢组学特征改变
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104444
Magdalena Sevilla-González , Maria Fernanda Garibay-Gutiérrez , Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez , Andrea Celeste Medina-García , Maria Luisa Ordoñez-Sánchez , Clary B Clish , Paloma Almeda-Valdes , Teresa Tusie-Luna

Background

A risk haplotype in SLC16A11 characterized by alterations in fatty acid metabolism emerged as a genetic risk factor associated with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mexican population. Its role on treatment responses is not well understood.

Objectives

We aimed to determine the impact of the risk haplotype on the metabolomic profile during a lifestyle intervention (LSI).

Methods

We recruited Mexican-mestizo individuals with ≥1 prediabetes criteria according to the American Diabetes Association with a body mass index between 25 and 45 kg/m2. We conducted a 24-wk quasiexperimental LSI study for diabetes prevention. Here, we compared longitudinal plasma liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomic changes between carriers and noncarriers. We analyzed the association of risk haplotype with metabolites leveraging repeated assessments using multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models.

Results

Before the intervention, carriers (N = 21) showed higher concentrations of hippurate, C16 carnitine, glycine, and cinnamoylglycine. After 24 wk of LSI, carriers exhibited a deleterious metabolomic profile. This profile was characterized by increased concentrations of hippurate, cinnamoglycine, xanthosine, N-acetylputrescine, L-acetylcarnitine, ceramide (d18:1/24:1), and decreased concentrations of citrulline and phosphatidylethanolamine. These metabolites were associated with higher concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The effect of LSI on the risk haplotype was notably more pronounced in its impact on 2 metabolites: methylmalonylcarnitine (β: −0.56; P-interaction = 0.014) and betaine (β: −0.64; P-interaction = 0.017). Interestingly, lower consumption across visits of polyunsaturated (β: −0.038; P = 0.017) fatty acids were associated with higher concentrations of methylmalonylcarnitine. Covariates for adjustment across models included age, sex, genetic ancestry principal components, and body mass index.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the persistence of deleterious metabolomic patterns associated with the risk haplotype before and during a 24-wk LSI. We also emphasize the potential regulatory role of polyunsaturated fatty acids on methylmalonylcarnitine concentrations suggesting a route for improving interventions for individuals with high-genetic risk.

背景在墨西哥人群中,以脂肪酸代谢改变为特征的 SLC16A11 风险单倍型已成为与 2 型糖尿病(T2D)易感性增加相关的遗传风险因素。我们招募了符合美国糖尿病协会糖尿病前期标准且体重指数在 25 至 45 kg/m2 之间的墨西哥混血人。我们进行了为期 24 周的预防糖尿病 LSI 准实验研究。在此,我们比较了携带者和非携带者的纵向血浆液相色谱/质谱代谢组变化。结果在干预前,携带者(N = 21)的海马酸盐、C16肉碱、甘氨酸和肉桂酰甘氨酸浓度较高。经过 24 周的 LSI 后,携带者表现出有害的代谢组学特征。这种代谢组学特征是海马酸盐、肉桂酰甘氨酸、黄嘌呤核苷、N-乙酰putrescine、L-乙酰肉碱、神经酰胺(d18:1/24:1)浓度增加,瓜氨酸和磷脂酰乙醇胺浓度降低。这些代谢物与总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度升高有关。LSI 对风险单倍型的影响主要体现在对两种代谢物的影响上:甲基丙二酰肉碱(β:-0.56;P-交互作用 = 0.014)和甜菜碱(β:-0.64;P-交互作用 = 0.017)。有趣的是,多不饱和脂肪酸(β:-0.038;P = 0.017)的各次消耗量较低与甲基丙二酰肉碱浓度较高有关。我们的研究强调了在 24 周 LSI 之前和期间与风险单倍型相关的有害代谢组学模式的持续性。我们还强调了多不饱和脂肪酸对甲基丙二酰肉碱浓度的潜在调节作用,这为改善对高遗传风险个体的干预提供了一条途径。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, Prevalence, and Consequences of Dietary Supplements Intake among Iranian Bodybuilders 伊朗健美运动员对膳食补充剂摄入的了解、流行程度及后果
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104437
Yasaman Bajool, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Farhad Daryanoosh, Nima Jahaniboushehri, Zeinab Jahan, Babak Imanian

Background

This study investigated the nutritional knowledge and prevalence of dietary supplements (DSs) among Iranian bodybuilders.

Methods

This cross-sectional research study involved sampling 648 bodybuilding clubs in Iran. A researcher distributed questionnaires among clubs in various regions and analyzed categorical variables, DS, nutritional knowledge, and sports nutrition data from 160 bodybuilders aged 18 and above in Iran. The analysis was conducted using the results obtained from a quantitative questionnaire.

Results

There was a significant relationship between DS use and gender (P = 0.001, r = 0.330, males > females), bodybuilding history (P = 0.045; r = 0.158), and exercise sessions/wk (P = 0.050, r = 0.156). Whey protein (45.6%) and branched-chain amino acid (33.7%), vitamin D (50%), caffeine (34.3%), and generally vitamin C (56.2%) were the most common DS used. The most information sources for bodybuilders regarding DS were fitness coaches (35.6%) and registered dietitians/nutritionists (34.3%). Drug stores (36.7%) and fitness coaches (19.3%) were the most prominent sources for purchasing DS. Increasing performance (54.3%), increasing the need for DS through exercise (53.6%), preventing injury, and improving recovery (36.2%) were the most important reasons to consume DS. Skin problems (21.0%), increased liver enzymes (10.8%), and hair loss (9.4%) were the most common side effects of DS use. Total nutritional knowledge (macronutrients, micronutrients, and sports nutrition) was 58.6%.

Conclusions

This study concluded that fitness coaches and registered dietitians/nutritionists were the most common information sources for bodybuilders. It also revealed a moderate level of nutrition knowledge among bodybuilders. The most commonly used DS were vitamins C, D, and whey protein. Also, gender, bodybuilding history, and exercise sessions had a significant relationship with the prevalence of DS. However, the study also revealed some concerning findings; bodybuilders commonly experienced adverse side effects such as skin rashes, increased liver enzymes, and hair loss.
背景这项研究调查了伊朗健美运动员的营养知识和膳食补充剂(DSs)的使用率。方法这项横断面研究对伊朗 648 家健美俱乐部进行了抽样调查。研究人员在不同地区的俱乐部中发放了调查问卷,并对伊朗 160 名 18 岁及以上健美运动员的分类变量、膳食补充剂、营养知识和运动营养数据进行了分析。结果DS的使用与性别(P = 0.001,r = 0.330,男性> 女性)、健美历史(P = 0.045;r = 0.158)和运动次数/周(P = 0.050,r = 0.156)之间存在显著关系。乳清蛋白(45.6%)和支链氨基酸(33.7%)、维生素 D(50%)、咖啡因(34.3%)和维生素 C(56.2%)是最常用的 DS。健美运动员关于 DS 的最多信息来源是健身教练(35.6%)和注册营养师/营养学家(34.3%)。药店(36.7%)和健身教练(19.3%)是购买 DS 的最主要来源。提高运动成绩(54.3%)、通过运动增加对 DS 的需求(53.6%)、预防受伤和改善恢复(36.2%)是消费 DS 的最重要原因。皮肤问题(21.0%)、肝酶升高(10.8%)和脱发(9.4%)是服用 DS 最常见的副作用。这项研究的结论是,健身教练和注册营养师/营养学家是健美运动员最常见的信息来源。研究还显示,健美运动员的营养知识水平处于中等水平。最常用的 DS 是维生素 C、D 和乳清蛋白。此外,性别、健美历史和锻炼次数与DS的使用率也有显著关系。不过,研究也发现了一些令人担忧的问题;健美运动员普遍出现了不良副作用,如皮疹、肝酶升高和脱发。
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引用次数: 0
Meal Protein Quality Score: A Novel Tool to Evaluate Protein Quantity and Quality of Meals 膳食蛋白质质量评分:评估膳食蛋白质数量和质量的新工具
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104439
Pol Grootswagers , Sine Højlund Christensen , Marielle Timmer , William Riley , Lisette de Groot , Inge Tetens

Background

The recent shift toward increased plant-based protein consumption has necessitated the development of new tools to evaluate the quality and quantity of protein in meals, especially given the changing dietary guidelines and the adoption of plant-centric menus in healthcare and other settings.

Objectives

To develop and test the feasibility of the meal protein quality score (MPQS), a novel metric that assesses the protein quality and quantity in meals based on essential amino acid (EAA) content, digestibility, and requirements, with a focus on optimizing protein intake for vulnerable populations, particularly older adults.

Methods

The MPQS integrates digestibility-adjusted EAA intake with total protein consumed in a meal, which, together with the EAA requirements, provides a score from 0 to 100 to reflect EAA coverage adequacy. The score was tested for feasibility by applying it to recipe data from real-life hospital meals and to dietary data from the [New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe] NU-AGE trial, involving detailed 7-d food records from 252 nonvegan participants analyzed over multiple meal moments.

Results

The analyses revealed that the higher the content of plant protein in a meal, the lower the meal protein quality. Also, breakfast meals scored lowest on protein quality, mainly due to low contents of protein overall, and of lysine and methionine. The MPQS effectively highlighted the difference in protein quality between plant-based and animal-based meals, and across different meal types.

Conclusions

The MPQS appears to be a practical tool that facilitates the assessment of meal-based protein quality. The MPQS can be used to guide dietary transitions toward plant-rich diets, ensuring that such shifts do not compromise protein adequacy for at-risk populations. The score allows for guidance in meal planning, leading to improvements in plant-rich meal formulation to meet both individual and public health nutritional needs.

背景最近,人们越来越倾向于食用以植物为基础的蛋白质,因此有必要开发新的工具来评估膳食中蛋白质的质量和数量,特别是考虑到膳食指南的变化以及医疗保健和其他环境中采用以植物为中心的菜单。目标开发并测试膳食蛋白质质量评分(MPQS)的可行性,这是一种根据必需氨基酸(EAA)含量、消化率和需求量来评估膳食蛋白质质量和数量的新型指标,重点是优化弱势群体(尤其是老年人)的蛋白质摄入量。方法MPQS将消化率调整后的EAA摄入量与膳食中摄入的蛋白质总量相结合,再加上EAA需求量,得出0-100分,以反映EAA覆盖率是否充足。通过将该评分应用于实际医院膳食中的食谱数据以及[满足欧洲老年人群健康老龄化特殊需求的新膳食策略]的膳食数据,对其可行性进行了测试。结果分析表明,膳食中植物蛋白含量越高,膳食蛋白质质量越低。此外,早餐的蛋白质质量得分最低,主要是因为蛋白质的总体含量以及赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的含量较低。MPQS 有效地突出了植物性膳食和动物性膳食之间以及不同膳食类型之间蛋白质质量的差异。MPQS 可用于指导膳食向植物性膳食过渡,确保这种转变不会影响高危人群的蛋白质充足性。该评分可为膳食计划提供指导,从而改进富含植物的膳食配方,满足个人和公共健康的营养需求。
{"title":"Meal Protein Quality Score: A Novel Tool to Evaluate Protein Quantity and Quality of Meals","authors":"Pol Grootswagers ,&nbsp;Sine Højlund Christensen ,&nbsp;Marielle Timmer ,&nbsp;William Riley ,&nbsp;Lisette de Groot ,&nbsp;Inge Tetens","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The recent shift toward increased plant-based protein consumption has necessitated the development of new tools to evaluate the quality and quantity of protein in meals, especially given the changing dietary guidelines and the adoption of plant-centric menus in healthcare and other settings.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To develop and test the feasibility of the meal protein quality score (MPQS), a novel metric that assesses the protein quality and quantity in meals based on essential amino acid (EAA) content, digestibility, and requirements, with a focus on optimizing protein intake for vulnerable populations, particularly older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The MPQS integrates digestibility-adjusted EAA intake with total protein consumed in a meal, which, together with the EAA requirements, provides a score from 0 to 100 to reflect EAA coverage adequacy. The score was tested for feasibility by applying it to recipe data from real-life hospital meals and to dietary data from the [New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe] NU-AGE trial, involving detailed 7-d food records from 252 nonvegan participants analyzed over multiple meal moments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analyses revealed that the higher the content of plant protein in a meal, the lower the meal protein quality. Also, breakfast meals scored lowest on protein quality, mainly due to low contents of protein overall, and of lysine and methionine. The MPQS effectively highlighted the difference in protein quality between plant-based and animal-based meals, and across different meal types.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The MPQS appears to be a practical tool that facilitates the assessment of meal-based protein quality. The MPQS can be used to guide dietary transitions toward plant-rich diets, ensuring that such shifts do not compromise protein adequacy for at-risk populations. The score allows for guidance in meal planning, leading to improvements in plant-rich meal formulation to meet both individual and public health nutritional needs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023734/pdfft?md5=312d335e761e8294583de5229815da44&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023734-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consumption of Milk Beverages Reduces Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Calcium, and B Vitamins Inadequacies in Pakistani School-Aged Children from Sindh and Punjab: A Diet Modeling Study 饮用牛奶饮料可减少巴基斯坦信德省和旁遮普省学龄儿童铁、维生素 A、维生素 C、钙和 B 族维生素的不足:饮食模型研究
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104435
Myriam C Afeiche , Diane Zimmermann , Laurence Donato-Capel , Baseer Khan Achakzai , Tsz Ning Mak

Background

Only 47% of households in Pakistan’s Sindh and Punjab provinces are food secure. More than 80% of 5–9 y old children are below recommended intakes of calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin A and vitamin D. Although 89% consume dairy products daily, only 3% comply with Pakistan’s recommended dairy consumption of 2–3 servings/d.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the theoretical impact of substituting or adding fortified milk and/or buffalo milk in the diets of Pakistani school-aged children to address nutrient inadequacy.

Methods

Dairy consumption and nutrient intakes were calculated using dietary data collected from 5842 children via a 24-h diet recall in the School-age Children Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan between 2019 and 2020. Given daily intakes documented in the School-age Children Health and Nutrition Survey, 2 modeling scenarios were applied to test the impact on nutrient intakes of 1) substituting current milk (buffalo, cow, and goat) consumption (volume by volume) with a fortified milk beverage and 2) adding a fortified milk beverage or buffalo milk to current consumption to meet dairy consumption recommendations.

Results

The hypothetical substitution of current milk consumption with fortified milk lowered nutrient inadequacies for vitamin C (by 86%), vitamin A (by 45%), thiamin (by 26%), riboflavin (by 14%), vitamin B6 (by 13%), calcium (by 8%), and iron (by 7%), compared to baseline (relative percent reduction). Among children consuming <2 dairy servings/d, theoretically adding buffalo milk had a positive contribution to calcium, phosphorous, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, and folate; theoretically adding fortified milk additionally reduced inadequacies of iron, thiamin, vitamin B6, and greatly reduced vitamin C inadequacy.

Conclusions

Buffalo milk and fortified milk each have their own value in closing nutrient gaps. Increasing their consumption can be integrated into a multi-pronged public health strategy (including fortified foods, ensuring food security, and diet diversity) to tackle nutrient inadequacies in children.

背景在巴基斯坦信德省和旁遮普省,只有 47% 的家庭有粮食安全保障。虽然89%的儿童每天食用乳制品,但只有3%的儿童符合巴基斯坦推荐的每天2-3份乳制品的食用量。本研究的目的是评估在巴基斯坦学龄儿童的膳食中替代或添加强化牛奶和/或水牛奶以解决营养素不足问题的理论影响。方法 利用2019年至2020年期间在巴基斯坦信德省和旁遮普省进行的学龄儿童健康和营养调查中通过24小时饮食回忆收集到的5842名儿童的饮食数据,计算奶制品消费量和营养素摄入量。根据学龄儿童健康与营养调查中记录的每日摄入量,我们采用了两种建模方案来测试以下两种方案对营养素摄入量的影响:1)用强化乳饮料替代当前的牛奶(水牛奶、牛奶和山羊奶)消费量(按体积计算);2)在当前消费量的基础上添加强化乳饮料或水牛奶,以满足乳制品消费建议。结果与基线相比,假设用强化牛奶替代目前的牛奶消费,维生素C(减少86%)、维生素A(减少45%)、硫胺素(减少26%)、核黄素(减少14%)、维生素B6(减少13%)、钙(减少8%)和铁(减少7%)的营养素不足率降低了(相对减少百分比)。在每天饮用 2 份奶制品的儿童中,理论上添加水牛奶对钙、磷、锌、维生素 A、维生素 C、核黄素、烟酸和叶酸有积极的促进作用;理论上添加强化牛奶可额外减少铁、硫胺素和维生素 B6 的不足,并大大减少维生素 C 的不足。增加它们的消费量可纳入多管齐下的公共卫生战略(包括强化食品、确保粮食安全和膳食多样性),以解决儿童营养素不足的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Low and High Doses of Espresso Coffee Improve Repeated Sprint Performance and Eye–Hand Coordination Following Fatigue Status in Male Basketball Players 低剂量和高剂量浓缩咖啡可提高男子篮球运动员疲劳状态下的重复冲刺表现和眼手协调能力
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104427
Alireza Niknam , Mohammad Hasan Abdullahi , Mohammad Hemmatinafar , Amir Hossein Alaeifar , Maryam Koushkie Jahromi

Background

Although several studies have evaluated the effect of coffee on sports performance, the effect of caffeine on sports performance during fatigue status remains unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the effect of high and low doses of coffee on the repeated sprint test (RST), perceived fatigue (PF), and eye–hand coordination following physical fatigue status in male basketball players.

Methods

Twenty-four male basketball players were randomly placed in 4 conditions including 1) low-dose espresso coffee (LDEC); 2) high-dose espresso coffee (HDEC); 3) decaffeinated espresso coffee (PLA); and 4) no drinking (CON). PF and eye–hand coordination were measured using the soda pop test (SPT) at baseline, immediately after the RST, and 5 min after the 10 all-out sprints with a 30-s interval of RST.

Results

The time of the first to tenth sprints (RST1 to RST10), total time (RST-TT), mean time (RST-MT), best time (RST-BT), and percentage of performance decrement (PD) were recorded. Coffee dose-dependently significantly improved RST-TT, RST-MT, and RST-BT compared with PLA and CON. PF increased significantly in all conditions immediately after RST compared with baseline. Five minutes after RST, PF was reduced compared to immediately after RST. Immediately after RST, coffee reduced PF dose-dependently compared with PLA and CON. SPT decreased immediately after RST in PLA and CON compared with baseline, whereas no significant change was observed for LDEC and HDEC. At baseline and immediately after RST, coffee and placebo consumption increased SPT performance compared with CON. Immediately and 5 min after RST, coffee increased SPT performance compared to PLA dose-dependently.

Conclusions

HDEC and LDEC improved RST performance and eye–hand coordination in male basketball players. However, HDEC showed a more profound effect compared with LDEC.
本研究旨在确定高剂量和低剂量咖啡对男性篮球运动员身体疲劳状态下重复冲刺测试(RST)、感知疲劳(PF)和眼手协调能力的影响。方法24名男性篮球运动员被随机置于4种条件下,包括1)低剂量意式浓缩咖啡(LDEC);2)高剂量意式浓缩咖啡(HDEC);3)无咖啡因意式浓缩咖啡(PLA);4)不饮用(CON)。结果 记录了第一次至第十次冲刺的时间(RST1 至 RST10)、总时间(RST-TT)、平均时间(RST-MT)、最佳时间(RST-BT)和成绩下降百分比(PD)。与 PLA 和 CON 相比,咖啡剂量依赖性地明显改善了 RST-TT、RST-MT 和 RST-BT。与基线相比,在 RST 结束后,所有条件下的 PF 都明显增加。RST 5 分钟后,PF 与 RST 刚结束时相比有所降低。与 PLA 和 CON 相比,RST 后咖啡立即降低了 PF 的剂量依赖性。与基线相比,PLA 和 CON 在 RST 后立即降低了 SPT,而 LDEC 和 HDEC 则无明显变化。与 CON 相比,在基线和 RST 后立即饮用咖啡和安慰剂可提高 SPT 性能。结论HDEC 和 LDEC 改善了男性篮球运动员的 RST 表现和眼手协调能力。然而,与 LDEC 相比,HDEC 的效果更显著。
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引用次数: 0
A Higher-Protein, Energy Restriction Diet Containing 4 Servings of Fresh, Lean Beef per Day Does Not Negatively Influence Circulating miRNAs Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in Women with Overweight 每天摄入 4 份新鲜瘦牛肉的高蛋白、能量限制饮食不会对超重女性与心脏代谢疾病风险相关的循环 miRNA 产生负面影响
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104442
Kamille A Piacquadio , Jess A Gwin , Heather J Leidy

This study examined the acute effects of 7-d energy restriction normal-protein (NP; ∼15% of daily intake as protein) compared with higher-protein (HP; ∼38% of daily intake as protein) diets varying in quantities of fresh, lean beef on circulating miRNA expression associated with cardiometabolic disease in 16 women with overweight (mean ± SD; age: 35 ± 8.7 y; body mass index: 28.5 ± 1.9 kg/m2). Fasting blood samples were collected at the end of each diet for miRNA expression, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6. Of the 12 surveyed, 10 miRNAs (miR-320a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-24-3p, and miR-126-3p) were detected. Several miRNAs were associated with fasting CRP (i.e., miR-150-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-423-5p; all P < 0.05). miR-423-5p was also associated with fasting glucose, IL-6, and homeostasis model assessment 2 %β cell function (all, P < 0.05). No differences in miRNA expression were identified between diets. These data suggest that fresh, lean beef in a short-term HP, energy restriction diet does not negatively influence circulating miRNAs associated with cardiometabolic disease in women.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02614729.

本研究以 16 名超重女性(平均值 ± SD;年龄:35 ± 8.7 岁;体重指数:28.5 ± 1.9 kg/m2)为研究对象,比较了 7 天能量限制正常蛋白质(NP;蛋白质含量占每日摄入量的 15%)与高蛋白(HP;蛋白质含量占每日摄入量的 38%)饮食(新鲜瘦牛肉的数量不同)对与心脏代谢疾病相关的循环 miRNA 表达的急性影响。在每次饮食结束时采集空腹血样,检测 miRNA 表达、葡萄糖、胰岛素、脂肪连素、C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 和 IL-6。在 12 项调查中,检测到了 10 个 miRNA(miR-320a-3p、miR-146a-5p、miR-150-5p、miR-423-5p、miR-122-5p、miR-223-3p、miR-199a-5p、miR-214-3p、miR-24-3p 和 miR-126-3p)。一些 miRNA 与空腹 CRP 相关(即 miR-150-5p、miR-24-3p、miR-423-5p;均为 P < 0.05)。miR-423-5p 还与空腹血糖、IL-6 和稳态模型评估 2 %β 细胞功能相关(均为 P < 0.05)。不同饮食的 miRNA 表达没有差异。这些数据表明,在短期HP、能量限制饮食中摄入新鲜瘦牛肉不会对与女性心脏代谢疾病相关的循环miRNA产生负面影响。该试验已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册,编号为NCT02614729。
{"title":"A Higher-Protein, Energy Restriction Diet Containing 4 Servings of Fresh, Lean Beef per Day Does Not Negatively Influence Circulating miRNAs Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in Women with Overweight","authors":"Kamille A Piacquadio ,&nbsp;Jess A Gwin ,&nbsp;Heather J Leidy","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the acute effects of 7-d energy restriction normal-protein (NP; ∼15% of daily intake as protein) compared with higher-protein (HP; ∼38% of daily intake as protein) diets varying in quantities of fresh, lean beef on circulating miRNA expression associated with cardiometabolic disease in 16 women with overweight (mean ± SD; age: 35 ± 8.7 y; body mass index: 28.5 ± 1.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Fasting blood samples were collected at the end of each diet for miRNA expression, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6. Of the 12 surveyed, 10 miRNAs (miR-320a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-24-3p, and miR-126-3p) were detected. Several miRNAs were associated with fasting CRP (i.e., miR-150-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-423-5p; all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). miR-423-5p was also associated with fasting glucose, IL-6, and homeostasis model assessment 2 %β cell function (all, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). No differences in miRNA expression were identified between diets. These data suggest that fresh, lean beef in a short-term HP, energy restriction diet does not negatively influence circulating miRNAs associated with cardiometabolic disease in women.</p><p>This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02614729.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S247529912402376X/pdfft?md5=2f5a8f8eab7f8f5bf6ff7a80a3341122&pid=1-s2.0-S247529912402376X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel Classification of Cardiovascular Disease Subtypes Reveals Associations Between Mortality and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Insights from the United Kingdom Biobank Study 心血管疾病亚型的新分类揭示了死亡率与多不饱和脂肪酸之间的关系:英国生物库研究的启示
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104434
Jiamei Li , Haiqing Zheng , Xuanhui Chen , Shuo Ma , Qing Li , Jiaqi Sun , Ziying Chen , Yunyi Li , Dantong Li , Miao Lin , Huiying Liang , Huixian Li

Background

Traditional association studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) categorizations and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) yielded conflicting findings. We propose a novel classification system based on fundamental characteristics of cardiovascular patients, such as age, body mass index, waist–hip ratio, to more accurately assess the impact of PUFAs (plasma measures) such as omega (ω)-3 (n–3) and ω-6 on mortality in cardiovascular patients.

Methods

Principal component analysis and k-means clustering were used to determine the CVD subtype. Variables included age, body mass index, waist–hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A1, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, albumin, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, platelet count, and hemoglobin concentration. The association of PUFAs with all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in patients with CVD was prospectively evaluated using restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional risk models.

Results

Among the 35,096 participants, 3,786 fatalities occurred. Three distinct CVD subtypes were identified, with cluster 3 characterized by older age, male gender, and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, having the highest risk of mortality. Clusters 2 and 3 had the highest DHA and ω-6/ω-3 ratios, respectively, compared with Cluster 1. The protective effects of total PUFAs, ω-3, and DHA were mainly reflected in all-cause mortality and were more significant in clusters 2 and 3. Furthermore, the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the highest quartile increased risk of all-cause [Q3: hazard ratio (HR): 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.29; Q4: HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.61], CVD (Q4: HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.75), and IHD mortality (Q4: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.03) in cluster 3 compared with the first quartile.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of associations observed for the same type of PUFAs across distinct clusters. This association may be elucidated by the intricate interplay of various factors, encompassing inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular health.

背景传统的心血管疾病(CVD)分类与多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)的关联研究得出了相互矛盾的结论。我们根据心血管疾病患者的基本特征,如年龄、体重指数、腰臀比等,提出了一种新的分类系统,以更准确地评估ω (ω)-3 (n-3)和ω-6等多不饱和脂肪酸(血浆测量值)对心血管疾病患者死亡率的影响。变量包括年龄、体重指数、腰臀比、舒张压、收缩压、总胆固醇、总甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白B:载脂蛋白A1、糖化血红蛋白、肌酐、白蛋白、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数、血小板计数和血红蛋白浓度。采用限制性三次样条和 Cox 比例风险模型对 PUFA 与心血管疾病患者的全因、心血管和缺血性心脏病 (IHD) 死亡率的关系进行了前瞻性评估。发现了三种不同的心血管疾病亚型,其中以年龄较大、男性和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为特征的第 3 组的死亡风险最高。与群组1相比,群组2和群组3的DHA和ω-6/ω-3比率分别最高。总 PUFA、ω-3 和 DHA 的保护作用主要体现在全因死亡率上,并且在群组 2 和 3 中更为显著。此外,最高四分位数的ω-6/ω-3比率增加了全因死亡风险[Q3:危险比(HR):1.14,95%置信区间[CI]:1.00,1.29;Q4:危险比(HR):1.00,1.29;Q5:危险比(HR):1.00,1.29]:与第一四分位数相比,第三组的心血管疾病(第四季度:心血管疾病死亡率:1.36,95% 置信区间[CI]:1.07,1.75)、心肌梗死(第四季度:心血管疾病死亡率:1.17,95% 置信区间[CI]:1.12,2.03)死亡率增加。炎症、脂质代谢和心血管健康等各种因素之间错综复杂的相互作用可能会阐明这种关联。
{"title":"Novel Classification of Cardiovascular Disease Subtypes Reveals Associations Between Mortality and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Insights from the United Kingdom Biobank Study","authors":"Jiamei Li ,&nbsp;Haiqing Zheng ,&nbsp;Xuanhui Chen ,&nbsp;Shuo Ma ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Sun ,&nbsp;Ziying Chen ,&nbsp;Yunyi Li ,&nbsp;Dantong Li ,&nbsp;Miao Lin ,&nbsp;Huiying Liang ,&nbsp;Huixian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Traditional association studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) categorizations and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) yielded conflicting findings. We propose a novel classification system based on fundamental characteristics of cardiovascular patients, such as age, body mass index, waist–hip ratio, to more accurately assess the impact of PUFAs (plasma measures) such as omega (ω)-3 (n–3) and ω-6 on mortality in cardiovascular patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Principal component analysis and <em>k</em>-means clustering were used to determine the CVD subtype. Variables included age, body mass index, waist–hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A1, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, albumin, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, platelet count, and hemoglobin concentration. The association of PUFAs with all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in patients with CVD was prospectively evaluated using restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional risk models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 35,096 participants, 3,786 fatalities occurred. Three distinct CVD subtypes were identified, with cluster 3 characterized by older age, male gender, and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, having the highest risk of mortality. Clusters 2 and 3 had the highest DHA and ω-6/ω-3 ratios, respectively, compared with Cluster 1. The protective effects of total PUFAs, ω-3, and DHA were mainly reflected in all-cause mortality and were more significant in clusters 2 and 3. Furthermore, the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the highest quartile increased risk of all-cause [Q3: hazard ratio (HR): 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.29; Q4: HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.61], CVD (Q4: HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.75), and IHD mortality (Q4: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.03) in cluster 3 compared with the first quartile.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of associations observed for the same type of PUFAs across distinct clusters. This association may be elucidated by the intricate interplay of various factors, encompassing inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023680/pdfft?md5=4b084cb05ea43f29c1c7d56d87f436de&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023680-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unveiling the Effects of Interval Resistance Training and Chlorella Vulgaris Supplementation on Meteorin-like Protein and Oxidative Stress in Obese Men 揭示间歇阻力训练和补充醋酸小球藻对肥胖男性甲状腺素和氧化应激的影响
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104428
Maryam Delfan , Fatemeh Radkia , Raheleh Amadeh Juybari , Saeed Daneshyar , Mark ET Willems , Ayoub Saeidi , Anthony C Hackney , Ismail Laher , Hassane Zouhal

Background

Dysregulation of adipocyte function occurs in obesity. Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is a newly discovered modulator of inflammation, metabolism, and differentiation of human adipocytes. The dietary supplement Chlorella Vulgaris (CV) reduces hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress in clinical trials.

Objectives

To explore the impact of 12 wks of interval resistance training (IRT) and CV supplementation on plasma levels of Metrnl and oxidative stress in males with obesity.

Methods

Forty-four obese men (BMI: 32.0 ± 1.5 kg/m2, weight: 101.1 ± 2.2 kg, age: 23–35 years) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 11/group): control (CON), CV supplement (CV), IRT, and CV + IRT (CVIRT). The IRT was performed for 12 wks (3 sessions per week). The treatment consisted of a daily intake of CV (1800 mg capsule) or placebo capsules. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the interventions to analyze biomedical measurements.

Results

The IRT and CVIRT groups had elevations in plasma Metrnl, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity levels (all P < 0.0001), and reductions in malondialdehyde (P < 0.0001). Supplementation with CV significantly reduced malondialdehyde (P < 0.001) and increased total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.0001) but failed to alter superoxide dismutase or Metrnl (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Although IRT and its combination with CV hold promise for improving Metrnl levels and oxidative status in obesity, combining IRT and CV do not yield greater benefits than IRT alone. Although standalone CV supplementation could favorably impact certain markers of oxidative stress, the effectiveness of CV supplementation appears to have a relatively limited effect across assessed biomarkers and requires further investigation.

背景肥胖会导致脂肪细胞功能失调。Meteorin-like protein(Metrnl)是一种新发现的人类脂肪细胞炎症、代谢和分化调节剂。在临床试验中,膳食补充剂小球藻(CV)可降低高脂血症、高血糖和氧化应激。目的探讨 12 周的间歇阻力训练(IRT)和 CV 补充剂对肥胖男性血浆中 Metrnl 和氧化应激水平的影响。方法将 44 名肥胖男性(体重指数:32.0 ± 1.5 kg/m2,体重:101.1 ± 2.2 kg,年龄:23-35 岁)随机分为 4 组(n = 11/组):对照组(CON)、CV 补充剂组(CV)、IRT 组和 CV + IRT 组(CVIRT)。IRT 为期 12 周(每周 3 次)。治疗包括每天服用 CV(1800 毫克胶囊)或安慰剂胶囊。结果IRT组和CVIRT组的血浆Metrnl、超氧化物歧化酶和总抗氧化能力水平有所提高(均为P< 0.0001),丙二醛水平有所降低(P< 0.0001)。结论虽然IRT及其与CV的结合有望改善肥胖症患者的Metrnl水平和氧化状态,但IRT和CV的结合并不比单独使用IRT产生更大的益处。虽然单独补充 CV 可对某些氧化应激指标产生有利影响,但补充 CV 对所评估生物标志物的效果似乎相对有限,需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Prunes May Blunt Adverse Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Bone Health in Young Adult Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial 西梅可减轻口服避孕药对年轻成年女性骨骼健康的不良影响:一项随机临床试验
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104417
Taylor DeMasi, Michelle Tsang, Jenna Mueller, Kristine Giltvedt, Thuy Ngoc Nguyen, Mark Kern, Shirin Hooshmand

Background

Oral contraceptives (OCs) may promote bone loss, thereby leading to suboptimal bone health later in life. Research is needed to determine whether dietary interventions can blunt OC-related bone loss; prune consumption, shown to be effective in improving bone density in previous studies, could provide a safe and inexpensive solution.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 12 mo of consuming 50 g of prunes daily would prevent bone loss or increase bone accrual in young (18–25 y) OC users.

Methods

Ninety women were randomly assigned to a control group not using OCs (non-OC), an OC group not consuming prunes (OC), and an OC group consuming 50 g prunes daily (OC+P) for 12 mo. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline and after 12 mo via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (at all sites) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (at tibia). Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 and 12 mo to assess biomarkers.

Results

There were no significant differences between groups for dietary intake, physical activity, serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, or bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Baseline serum C-reactive protein and vitamin D concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) for OC and OC+P groups than those in the non-OC group. Serum parathyroid hormone was higher for non-OC group than OC group at both baseline (P = 0.049) and final (P = 0.032). BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at all sites did not change among groups. Ultradistal radius BMD increased over time (P < 0.05) within non-OC and OC+P groups. Trabecular density of the distal tibia as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography decreased from baseline to 12 mo within the OC group only (P = 0.016).

Conclusions

OC use tended to promote minor negative effects on bone and consuming prunes tended to provide a potential protective effect on trabecular density of the distal tibia and ultradistal radius.

This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04785131.

背景口服避孕药(OCs)可能会促进骨质流失,从而导致日后骨质健康状况不佳。本研究的目的是确定每天摄入 50 克西梅 12 个月是否能防止年轻(18-25 岁)OC 使用者的骨质流失或增加骨量。方法将90名女性随机分配到不使用OC(非OC)的对照组、不摄入西梅的OC组(OC)和每天摄入50克西梅的OC组(OC+P),为期12个月。在基线和12个月后,通过双能X射线吸收测量法(所有部位)和外周定量计算机断层扫描(胫骨)测量骨质密度(BMD)。结果各组之间在饮食摄入、体力活动、血清抗酒石酸磷酸酶-5b或骨碱性磷酸酶浓度方面没有显著差异。OC组和OC+P组的基线血清C反应蛋白和维生素D浓度高于非OC组(P< 0.001)。非 OC 组血清甲状旁腺激素的基线值(P = 0.049)和最终值(P = 0.032)均高于 OC 组。通过双能 X 射线吸收测量法测量的所有部位的 BMD 在各组之间没有变化。非 OC 组和 OC+P 组的桡骨超桡骨 BMD 随时间推移而增加(P < 0.05)。通过外周定量计算机断层扫描测量的胫骨远端骨小梁密度仅在OC组从基线到12个月期间有所下降(P = 0.016)。结论使用有机酸往往会对骨骼产生轻微的负面影响,而食用梅子则往往会对胫骨远端和桡骨超桡骨的骨小梁密度产生潜在的保护作用。该试验已在 www.clinicaltrials.gov 登记为 NCT04785131。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Current Developments in Nutrition
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