Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献_第3页

Frozen Fruit and Vegetable Perceptions and Usage among a Multistate Sample of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education and Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program Participants 在补充营养援助计划教育和扩大食品和营养教育计划参与者的多州样本中，冷冻水果和蔬菜的认知和使用

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107640

Annie J Roe , Gemma E Bastian , Raveen Rani , Joslyn K Russell

Background

Despite the health benefits of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables (FV), most Americans do not consume the recommended amounts. Federal nutrition education programs for adults with low income promote frozen fruits and vegetables (FFV) to improve dietary intake, save money, and prevent food waste. However, FFV purchasing, use, and attitudes among this consumer base are not well understood.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions and use of FFV among adults who have participated in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program—Education (SNAP-Ed) or Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) classes.

Methods

An electronic survey was developed to assess frozen food purchases, FFV perceptions and preparation, and nutrition education and outreach. Subjects were recruited via SNAP-Ed/EFNEP programs. Descriptive analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).

Results

Subjects (n = 421) were mostly female (84%), without a college degree (72%), and with annual incomes <$25,000 (63%). Roughly one-third of respondents reported eating frozen foods every few days or almost every day, one-third ate them weekly, and one-third ate frozen foods a few times per month or year. Most (59%) considered using SNAP benefits to buy frozen foods very or extremely important. The top reasons for purchasing FFV were long shelf life (38%), ease of preparation (36%), and convenience (34%). When comparing FFV to fresh FV, participants considered FFV to result in less food waste but considered fresh FV to have fewer preservatives, better appearance, texture, nutrition, and flavor.

Conclusions

SNAP-Ed/EFNEP-participating adults are a key consumer demographic for frozen foods, using them to save money and limit food waste. However, misconceptions persist, such as that fresh FV are more nutritious than frozen. Nutrition education programs for adults with low income could incorporate additional content on adding FFV into a healthy diet to help participants use these cost-effective foods to meet their nutrition and health goals.

尽管富含水果和蔬菜（FV）的饮食对健康有益，但大多数美国人并没有摄入推荐量。针对低收入成年人的联邦营养教育项目推广冷冻水果和蔬菜（FFV），以改善饮食摄入，节省资金，防止食物浪费。然而，在这一消费者群体中，FFV的购买、使用和态度并没有得到很好的了解。本研究的目的是确定参加补充营养援助计划-教育（SNAP-Ed）或扩大食品和营养教育计划（EFNEP）课程的成年人对FFV的看法和使用情况。方法开展电子调查，评估冷冻食品的购买、FFV的认知和准备、营养教育和推广。受试者通过SNAP-Ed/EFNEP项目招募。使用SAS 9.4 （SAS Institute Inc., Cary， NC， USA）进行描述性分析。结果研究对象（n = 421）大多为女性（84%），没有大学学历（72%），年收入为2.5万美元（63%）。大约三分之一的受访者每隔几天或几乎每天吃一次冷冻食品，三分之一的人每周吃一次，三分之一的人每月或每年吃几次冷冻食品。大多数人（59%）认为利用SNAP福利购买冷冻食品非常或极其重要。购买FFV的主要原因是保质期长（38%）、易于制备（36%）和方便（34%）。当比较FFV和新鲜的FV时，参与者认为FFV导致更少的食物浪费，但认为新鲜的FV含有更少的防腐剂，更好的外观，质地，营养和味道。结论参与snap - ed / efnep的成年人是冷冻食品的主要消费人群，使用它们可以节省资金并限制食物浪费。然而，误解仍然存在，比如新鲜的FV比冷冻的更有营养。针对低收入成年人的营养教育计划可以在健康饮食中加入额外的FFV内容，以帮助参与者使用这些具有成本效益的食物来实现他们的营养和健康目标。

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引用次数: 0

Acute Effects of Commercial Yerba Mate Products on Cardiometabolic Responses during Submaximal Cycling: Brewed to Perform? 商业马黛茶产品在亚最大循环期间对心脏代谢反应的急性影响：酿造以执行？

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107637

Sarah Zaki , Rédina Berkachy , Razan Zein Eddine , Mona Zeidan , Omar Obeid , Imad Toufeili , Elie-Jacques Fares

Background

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is an herb native to South America known for its caffeine and polyphenol content, with suggested benefits for fat oxidation and energy metabolism. However, few studies have evaluated its brewed forms during exercise, particularly across different commercial brands.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the acute effects of two commercially available brands of brewed yerba mate on substrate oxidation and energy expenditure in healthy and overweight/obese adults during very low- to moderate-intensity exercise.

Methods

A randomized crossover study comprising 29 healthy adults (15 men and 14 women) consumed 4 different drinks across separate visits: 2 commercially brewed yerba mate brands (AYM and KYM), water, and water with 135 mg caffeine. Following each drink, participants underwent graded cycling exercise while energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), and delta efficiency (DE) were measured using indirect calorimetry.

Results

Both yerba mate brands had similar caffeine concentrations but different phenolic content, yet neither significantly affected EE, substrate oxidation, HR, or DE during exercise compared to control drinks. Sex-based differences emerged, with women exhibiting higher RER and HR at similar workloads, but no drink × sex interactions were found. Obesity status influenced HR, EE, and DE, with obese participants showing altered physiological responses. A significant 3-way interaction (drink × intensity × sex) was observed for RER (P = 0.013), particularly in men. No drink × obesity interactions were detected.

Conclusions

Acute ingestion of brewed yerba mate, regardless of brand, did not enhance metabolic or cardiovascular responses during low- to moderate-intensity cycling. Body composition, particularly obesity status, had a more consistent influence on exercise efficiency than the short-term consumption of functional beverages like yerba mate.

巴拉圭茶（Ilex paraguariensis）是一种原产于南美洲的草本植物，因其咖啡因和多酚含量而闻名，对脂肪氧化和能量代谢有益。然而，很少有研究评估其在运动中的酿造形式，特别是在不同的商业品牌中。本研究旨在评估和比较两种市售品牌的冲泡马黛茶对健康和超重/肥胖成年人在极低至中等强度运动中底物氧化和能量消耗的急性影响。方法一项随机交叉研究包括29名健康成年人（15名男性和14名女性）在不同的访问中饮用4种不同的饮料：2种商业酿造的马茶茶品牌（AYM和KYM），水和含有135毫克咖啡因的水。每次饮酒后，参与者进行分级循环运动，同时使用间接量热法测量能量消耗（EE）、呼吸交换比（RER）、心率（HR）和δ效率（DE）。结果两种马黛茶品牌的咖啡因浓度相似，但酚类含量不同，但与对照组饮料相比，它们对运动期间的EE、底物氧化、HR或DE都没有显著影响。基于性别的差异出现了，女性在相同的工作量下表现出更高的RER和HR，但没有发现饮酒与性别的相互作用。肥胖状况影响HR、EE和DE，肥胖参与者表现出改变的生理反应。RER存在显著的3向相互作用（饮酒量×强度×性别）（P = 0.013），尤其是男性。没有检测到饮酒与肥胖的相互作用。结论在低到中等强度的循环运动中，急性摄入冲泡的马黛茶，无论品牌，都不会增强代谢或心血管反应。与短期饮用马黛茶等功能性饮料相比，身体成分，尤其是肥胖状况，对运动效率的影响更为一致。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the Enablers and Barriers to Healthy Eating for Lactating Mothers in Underserved Settings in Ghana 探索加纳服务不足地区哺乳母亲健康饮食的促进因素和障碍

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107636

Maximillian Kolbe Domapielle , Mildred Naamwintome Molle , Rudolf Abugnaba-Abanga

Background

Optimal nutrition for lactating mothers has remained at the top of the health policy agendas of many developing countries because of the consensus that it is an effective channel for achieving positive maternal and child health outcomes.

Objectives

This study draws on the socio-ecological theory to explore barriers and enablers of healthy eating among lactating mothers in the Wa West District of Ghana. Previous studies tended to focus on the barriers and merely experimented with the enablers and opportunities for engraining and sustaining healthy eating for lactating mothers in underserved settings.

Methods

We employed an exploratory case study design and used convenience sampling procedures to select 30 lactating women and purposive sampling to select 6 midwives and 2 nutrition officers to participate in the study. Semi-structured interview guides and thematic analytical frameworks were used to collect and analyze the data, respectively.

Results

Availability of nutritious foods, strong social support from health care personnel, and lactating mothers’ awareness of healthy eating practices emerged as the enablers of healthy eating among lactating mothers. The barriers include limited income, seasonal availability of fresh foods, food myths and taboos, and patriarchal practices.

Conclusions

These findings have implications for maternal and child nutrition practice and policy in developing settings. An integrated development approach is needed to expand and sustain awareness of the importance of optimal nutrition for maternal and child health, ensure year-round local food production, and implement interventions that aim to remove the barriers to women’s dietary decision-making autonomy in the study setting and beyond.

背景哺乳期母亲的最佳营养仍然是许多发展中国家保健政策议程的首要问题，因为人们一致认为，这是实现积极的孕产妇和儿童健康结果的有效渠道。目的：本研究利用社会生态学理论，探讨加纳瓦西区哺乳期母亲健康饮食的障碍和促进因素。以前的研究倾向于关注障碍，而仅仅是对在服务不足的环境中为哺乳期母亲灌输和维持健康饮食的促进因素和机会进行实验。方法采用探索性案例研究设计，采用简易抽样程序，抽取30名哺乳期妇女，并有目的抽样抽取6名助产士和2名营养官员参与研究。采用半结构化访谈指南和专题分析框架分别收集和分析数据。结果：营养食品的可获得性、卫生保健人员的强大社会支持以及哺乳期母亲对健康饮食习惯的认识是哺乳期母亲健康饮食的推动因素。这些障碍包括收入有限、新鲜食品的季节性供应、食物神话和禁忌以及父权制习俗。结论这些发现对发展中国家的妇幼营养实践和政策具有指导意义。需要采取综合发展办法，以扩大和保持对最佳营养对孕产妇和儿童健康重要性的认识，确保当地全年粮食生产，并实施旨在消除妇女在研究环境内外的饮食决策自主权障碍的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary Magnesium and Calcium Intake in Relation to Metabolic Health Status in Iranian Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity 伊朗超重和肥胖青少年膳食镁和钙摄入量与代谢健康状况的关系

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107634

Zahra Moradmand , Saeideh Mirzaei , Ali Asadi , Masoumeh Akhlaghi , Shahnaz Amani Tirani , Parvane Saneei

Background

There are insufficient data about the relationship between dietary consumption of magnesium and calcium with metabolic health phenotypes in adolescents.

Objectives

The present study examined this association among Iranian adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed on 203 adolescents chosen from students in grades 7 to 12 of 6 education areas in Isfahan city, Iran. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed based on standard procedures. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and a combination of IDF with HOMA-IR criteria were applied to group participants as metabolically healthy overweight/obese or metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO) (as the outcome of interest). Magnesium, calcium intake, and calcium-to-magnesium (Ca:Mg) intake ratio as the exposures of interest, and other dietary data were gathered by a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the possible association by considering potential covariates.

Results

Adolescents in the top tertile of magnesium consumption compared with those in the bottom tertile had 64% decreasing odds of MUO based on the IDF criteria in the fully adjusted model [odds ratio (OR) = 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14, 0.92]. No significant link was found between magnesium consumption and MUO defined by IDF/HOMA-IR definition. Individuals in the highest tertile of calcium consumption compared with those in the lowest tertile have respectively shown 82% (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.48) and 78% (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.62) lower odds of MUO based on IDF and IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, in a maximally-adjusted model. Subgroup analyses revealed that these associations were stronger among girls and overweight subjects. Higher Ca:Mg ratio was inversely associated with MUO based on IDF (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.73).

Conclusions

This study suggests that higher dietary intakes of magnesium and calcium may prevent MU in adolescents with excess weight, particularly in girls. These findings highlight the potential role of these nutrients in maintaining metabolic health during adolescence.

背景：关于青少年饮食中镁和钙的摄入与代谢健康表型之间的关系，目前还没有足够的数据。目的本研究调查了伊朗青少年超重和肥胖之间的这种联系。方法对伊朗伊斯法罕市6个教育区7 ~ 12年级的203名青少年进行横断面研究。根据标准程序进行人体测量和生化评估。将国际糖尿病联合会（IDF）和IDF与HOMA-IR标准的结合应用于代谢健康超重/肥胖或代谢不健康超重/肥胖（MUO）组参与者（作为感兴趣的结果）。镁、钙摄入量和钙镁（Ca:Mg）摄入比例作为感兴趣的暴露，以及其他饮食数据通过经过验证的147项食物频率问卷收集。通过考虑潜在协变量，应用Logistic回归分析估计可能的关联。结果在完全调整模型中，根据IDF标准，镁摄入量最高的四分之一的青少年与最低四分之一的青少年相比，MUO的发生率降低了64%[优势比(OR) = 0.36；95%置信区间（CI）： 0.14, 0.92]。镁摄入量与IDF/HOMA-IR定义的MUO之间没有明显联系。在最大调整模型中，根据IDF和IDF/HOMA-IR标准，钙摄入最高四分之一的个体与最低四分之一的个体相比，MUO发生率分别降低82% （OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.48）和78% （OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.62）。亚组分析显示，这些关联在女孩和超重人群中更为明显。较高的Ca:Mg比值与基于IDF的MUO呈负相关（OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.73）。结论：本研究表明，较高的膳食镁和钙摄入量可以预防超重青少年，特别是女孩的MU。这些发现强调了这些营养素在维持青春期代谢健康方面的潜在作用。

{"title":"Dietary Magnesium and Calcium Intake in Relation to Metabolic Health Status in Iranian Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity","authors":"Zahra Moradmand , Saeideh Mirzaei , Ali Asadi , Masoumeh Akhlaghi , Shahnaz Amani Tirani , Parvane Saneei","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There are insufficient data about the relationship between dietary consumption of magnesium and calcium with metabolic health phenotypes in adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study examined this association among Iranian adolescents with overweight and obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was performed on 203 adolescents chosen from students in grades 7 to 12 of 6 education areas in Isfahan city, Iran. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed based on standard procedures. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and a combination of IDF with HOMA-IR criteria were applied to group participants as metabolically healthy overweight/obese or metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO) (as the outcome of interest). Magnesium, calcium intake, and calcium-to-magnesium (Ca:Mg) intake ratio as the exposures of interest, and other dietary data were gathered by a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the possible association by considering potential covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adolescents in the top tertile of magnesium consumption compared with those in the bottom tertile had 64% decreasing odds of MUO based on the IDF criteria in the fully adjusted model [odds ratio (OR) = 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14, 0.92]. No significant link was found between magnesium consumption and MUO defined by IDF/HOMA-IR definition. Individuals in the highest tertile of calcium consumption compared with those in the lowest tertile have respectively shown 82% (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.48) and 78% (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.62) lower odds of MUO based on IDF and IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, in a maximally-adjusted model. Subgroup analyses revealed that these associations were stronger among girls and overweight subjects. Higher Ca:Mg ratio was inversely associated with MUO based on IDF (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.73).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study suggests that higher dietary intakes of magnesium and calcium may prevent MU in adolescents with excess weight, particularly in girls. These findings highlight the potential role of these nutrients in maintaining metabolic health during adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 2","pages":"Article 107634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations between Diet Quality and Global Cognitive Ability across the Life Course: Longitudinal Analysis of the 1946 British Birth Cohort 饮食质量与整体认知能力在整个生命过程中的关系：1946年英国出生队列的纵向分析

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107619

Kelly C Cara , Tammy M Scott , Mei Chung , Paul F Jacques

Background

Diet is a risk factor for later-life cognitive decline and dementia. The long-term relationship between diet quality and cognitive function is unknown.

Objectives

This study investigated trends in diet quality and cognitive ability and their interrelationship across the life course.

Methods

Using data from the 1946 British Birth Cohort (n = 3059, 50.2% male), group-based trajectory modeling identified diet and cognitive trajectories from childhood to later adulthood, associations between those trajectories, and associations between diet trajectories and later indications of likely dementia. Healthy Eating Index-2020 scores were calculated from food recalls and diaries at ages 4, 36, 43, 53, and 60 to 64 y. Global cognitive ability percentile ranks were derived from tests of intellectual ability and cognitive function at ages 8, 11, 15, 43, 53, 60 to 64, and 68 to 69 y. Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III scores indicated likely dementia at age 68 to 69 y. Multinomial logit models determined early-life predictors of trajectory groups.

Results

Three diet quality trajectories and 4 cognitive ability trajectories were identified. Sex, birth region, childhood social class, and leisure activities predicted trajectory group membership. In a joint trajectory model, the lowest cognitive ability group included mostly participants with lower (58%) or moderate (35%) diet quality. Conversely, the highest cognitive ability group included mostly participants with moderate (57%) and higher (36%) diet quality. The percentage of participants showing indications of likely dementia at age 68 to 69 y was 3.8% to 7.4% greater in the lower diet quality group compared with the moderate and higher groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Findings indicate a link between diet quality and cognitive ability across the life course and a higher chance of likely dementia in individuals with lower diet quality from childhood to later adulthood. Consistent dietary alignment with dietary guidelines over time may positively impact cognitive outcomes throughout life, but more longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.

饮食是晚年认知能力下降和痴呆的危险因素。饮食质量与认知功能之间的长期关系尚不清楚。目的探讨饮食质量与认知能力的变化趋势及其在生命过程中的相互关系。方法使用1946年英国出生队列（n = 3059, 50.2%为男性）的数据，基于群体的轨迹建模确定了从童年到成年后期的饮食和认知轨迹，这些轨迹之间的关联，以及饮食轨迹与后期可能出现痴呆的适应症之间的关联。健康饮食指数-2020得分是根据4岁、36岁、43岁、53岁和60岁至64岁时的食物召回和日记计算的。全球认知能力百分比排名是根据8岁、11岁、15岁、43岁、53岁、60岁至64岁和68岁至69岁时的智力和认知功能测试得出的。阿登布鲁克认知检查- iii得分表明68岁至69岁时可能患有痴呆症。多项逻辑模型确定了轨迹组的早期生活预测因子。结果确定了3条饮食质量轨迹和4条认知能力轨迹。性别、出生地区、童年社会阶层和休闲活动预测轨迹群体成员。在联合轨迹模型中，认知能力最低的一组主要包括饮食质量较低（58%）或中等（35%）的参与者。相反，认知能力最高的一组大多是饮食质量中等（57%）和较高（36%）的参与者。在68岁至69岁之间表现出痴呆迹象的参与者中，低饮食质量组的比例分别比中等和高饮食质量组高3.8%至7.4%。研究结果表明，饮食质量与整个生命过程中的认知能力之间存在联系，从童年到成年后期饮食质量较低的人患痴呆症的可能性更高。随着时间的推移，饮食指南的一致性可能会对一生的认知结果产生积极影响，但需要更多的纵向研究来证实这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

Heterogeneity in Treatment Outcomes After a Multicomponent Weight Loss Intervention in Older Adults with Obesity 老年肥胖患者多组分减肥干预后治疗结果的异质性。

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107649

Alessandro Gavras , Aylin Memili , David H Lynch , Hillary B Spangler , Summer B Cook , Todd A Mackenzie , Danae C Gross , John A Batsis

Background

Older adults age 65+ with obesity are a growing population with marked clinical complexity, which is exacerbated by comorbid conditions as they age.

Objectives

To assess clinical heterogeneity in participants in a weight loss intervention to help understanding treatment outcomes.

Methods

We previously conducted a single-arm, pre/post, 24-wk, telemedicine-delivered diet and exercise intervention in older adults with obesity. Heterogeneity in treatment outcomes was evaluated between baseline and follow-up weight, 30-s sit-to-stand (30STS), 6-min walking test (6MWT), oxygen consumption at rest (resting VO₂), and total energy expenditure (TEE). Distributions of differences in physical function before and after the weight loss intervention were evaluated based on participants’ weight loss response status.

Results

Of the 53 enrolled participants, 44 completed the study, but 31 had full follow-up measures. The mean ± standard deviation age was 72.9 ± 3.9 y (72.7% female). Across all participants, weight decreased from 97.8 ± 16.3 kg to 93.2 ± 15.8 kg, and BMI (in kg/m²) dropped from 36.5 ± 5.2 to 34.7 ± 5.4. Twenty-two individuals were classified as responders to the weight loss intervention, having achieved >5% weight loss. Both groups exhibited significant improvements in physical function, though the magnitude of differences was nonsignificant, other than 6MWT (P = 0.04) at 24-wk. There was variability observed in correlation coefficients (r) between percent weight loss and 30STS (r = ‒0.23), 6MWT (r = ‒0.10), resting VO₂ (r = ‒0.16), and TEE (r = 0.058). The coefficient of variation for changes from baseline in physical function measures demonstrated marked variability: 134%, 299%, 260%, and 2310% for 30STS, 6MWT, resting VO₂, and TEE, respectively.

Conclusions

Although older adults can improve outcomes in weight, body mass, and waist circumference through diet and physical activity interventions, there was marked heterogeneity observed in physical function outcomes.

背景：65岁以上的老年人肥胖是一个日益增长的人群，具有明显的临床复杂性，随着年龄的增长，合并症会加剧这种情况。目的：评估减肥干预参与者的临床异质性，以帮助了解治疗结果。方法：我们之前对老年肥胖患者进行了单臂，前后，24周，远程医疗提供的饮食和运动干预。在基线和随访体重、30秒坐立（30STS）、6分钟步行测试（6MWT）、静息耗氧量（静息VO2）和总能量消耗（TEE）之间评估治疗结果的异质性。根据参与者的减肥反应状态评估减肥干预前后身体功能差异的分布。结果：在53名参与者中，44人完成了研究，但31人有完整的随访措施。平均±标准差年龄为72.9±3.9 y（72.7%为女性）。所有参与者的体重从97.8±16.3 kg降至93.2±15.8 kg, BMI （kg/m2）从36.5±5.2降至34.7±5.4。22人被归类为对减肥干预有反应的人，他们的体重减轻了5%。两组在生理功能方面均有显著改善，但除24周时6MWT组差异无统计学意义（P = 0.04）。体重减轻百分比与30STS （r = -0.23）、6MWT （r = -0.10）、静息VO2 （r = -0.16）和TEE （r = 0.058）之间的相关系数(r)存在变异性。与基线相比，身体功能测量变化的变异系数显示出显著的可变性：30STS、6MWT、静息VO2和TEE分别为134%、299%、260%和2310%。结论：尽管老年人可以通过饮食和身体活动干预来改善体重、体重和腰围，但在身体功能方面存在明显的异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Application of a Food-Based Nutritional Profiling System to Assess Diet Quality in Diet-Level Data: Evidence on Construct and Convergent Validity from the Hatoyama Cohort Study and Kusatsu Cohort Study 基于食物的营养分析系统在饮食水平数据中评估饮食质量的应用：来自鸠山队列研究和Kusatsu队列研究的结构和收敛效度证据

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107630

Tao Yu , Ryota Wakayama , Yuri Yokoyama , Hiroshi Murayama

Background

Nutritional Profiling Systems (NPSs) are designed to classify foods by nutritional quality, but most validations occur at the food level. Their applicability to diet-level data from dietary questionnaires—commonly used in epidemiology—remains unclear.

Objectives

The study aims to evaluate the construct and convergent validity of the Meiji NPS for Older Adults (MNPS-OA), the first NPS developed for older populations, when applied to diet-level data.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the Hatoyama Cohort Study and the Kusatsu Cohort Study involving 1102 Japanese adults aged ≥65 y were utilized. Dietary data were analyzed using a validated Brief Dietary History Questionnaire. Four MNPS-OA specifications were tested: 1) original, 2) without energy limits (WEL), 3) without nutrient caps (WC), and 4) without energy limit and nutrient caps (WEL-WC). Construct validity was assessed by intermodel correlations; convergent validity was evaluated against Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3).

Results

Median MNPS-OA scores ranged from 124.5 (original) to 391.6 (WEL-WC). Correlations with HEI-2015 improved from r = 0.27 (original) to 0.58 (WEL-WC), and with NRF9.3 from r = 0.26 to 0.61. Removing nutrient caps substantially enhanced convergence, whereas removing energy limits had minimal effect.

Conclusions

MNPS-OA can be adapted for diet-level assessment with targeted modifications. Eliminating nutrient caps markedly improves alignment with established diet quality indices, supporting its potential use in large-scale epidemiological studies and public health applications.

营养分析系统（nps）旨在根据营养质量对食品进行分类，但大多数验证发生在食品层面。它们对流行病学中常用的饮食调查问卷中饮食水平数据的适用性尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估明治老年人NPS （MNPS-OA）的结构和收敛效度，该NPS是第一个为老年人开发的NPS，应用于饮食水平数据。方法采用来自鸠山队列研究和Kusatsu队列研究的横断面数据，涉及1102名年龄≥65岁的日本成年人。使用经过验证的简短饮食史问卷分析饮食数据。测试了四种MNPS-OA规格：1)原始，2)无能量限制（WEL）， 3)无营养帽（WC）， 4)无能量限制和营养帽（well -WC）。采用模型间相关评价结构效度；采用健康饮食指数-2015 （HEI-2015）和营养丰富食品指数9.3 （NRF9.3）进行收敛效度评估。结果MNPS-OA评分中位数为124.5 (original) ~ 391.6 （well - wc）。与HEI-2015的相关性从r = 0.27 （original）提高到0.58 (well - wc)，与NRF9.3的相关性从r = 0.26提高到0.61。去除营养上限大大增强了收敛性，而去除能量限制的效果微乎其微。结论smnps - oa可用于有针对性的膳食水平评估。取消营养上限显著提高了与既定饮食质量指数的一致性，支持其在大规模流行病学研究和公共卫生应用中的潜在用途。

{"title":"Application of a Food-Based Nutritional Profiling System to Assess Diet Quality in Diet-Level Data: Evidence on Construct and Convergent Validity from the Hatoyama Cohort Study and Kusatsu Cohort Study","authors":"Tao Yu , Ryota Wakayama , Yuri Yokoyama , Hiroshi Murayama","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nutritional Profiling Systems (NPSs) are designed to classify foods by nutritional quality, but most validations occur at the food level. Their applicability to diet-level data from dietary questionnaires—commonly used in epidemiology—remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aims to evaluate the construct and convergent validity of the Meiji NPS for Older Adults (MNPS-OA), the first NPS developed for older populations, when applied to diet-level data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data from the Hatoyama Cohort Study and the Kusatsu Cohort Study involving 1102 Japanese adults aged ≥65 y were utilized. Dietary data were analyzed using a validated Brief Dietary History Questionnaire. Four MNPS-OA specifications were tested: <em>1</em>) original, <em>2</em>) without energy limits (WEL), <em>3</em>) without nutrient caps (WC), and <em>4</em>) without energy limit and nutrient caps (WEL-WC). Construct validity was assessed by intermodel correlations; convergent validity was evaluated against Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median MNPS-OA scores ranged from 124.5 (original) to 391.6 (WEL-WC). Correlations with HEI-2015 improved from <em>r</em> = 0.27 (original) to 0.58 (WEL-WC), and with NRF9.3 from <em>r</em> = 0.26 to 0.61. Removing nutrient caps substantially enhanced convergence, whereas removing energy limits had minimal effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MNPS-OA can be adapted for diet-level assessment with targeted modifications. Eliminating nutrient caps markedly improves alignment with established diet quality indices, supporting its potential use in large-scale epidemiological studies and public health applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 2","pages":"Article 107630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences in Protein Quantity and Quality Across a Spectrum of Plant-Based Meals: Analysis of a Large National Dietary Survey 一系列植物性膳食中蛋白质数量和质量的差异：一项大型全国膳食调查分析

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107641

Sophie L van Oppenraaij , Sjors Verlaan , Peter JM Weijs

Background

Current recommendations encourage consuming sufficient intake of high-quality protein, with ≥60% derived from plant-based sources, to support both nutritional requirements and sustainability goals.

Objectives

This observational study assessed protein intake, quality, and sources in predominantly plant-based meals and diets using a national survey, offering insights to support a more sustainable and nutritionally adequate dietary transition.

Methods

In the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (2019–2021), protein intake was assessed using 24-h recalls in adults aged 18 to 79 y. Total, plant-based, and animal-based protein intake were analyzed per meal and per day. Protein quality per meal was evaluated using the Meal Protein Quality Score (MPQS). The association between protein quantity and the proportion of plant-based protein was evaluated based on how often meals reached adequate protein quality (MPQS >100). Furthermore, protein sources across food groups in diets with ≥60% and <60% plant-based protein were compared.

Results

Among 1747 adults [57 (44–68) y, 50% male], the median protein intake was 0.93 (0.75–1.13) g/kg/d. Only 8% (n = 147) had a diet comprising ≥60% plant-based protein, with a median intake of 0.83 (0.63–1.05) g/kg/d. As the proportion of plant-based protein increased, both protein quantity and quality decreased. When protein quality was low, lysine was the most common limiting amino acid. Only 3% of all meals achieved ≥20 g protein, ≥60% plant-based protein, and optimal protein quality, with dairy as key protein source at breakfast and lunch, meat alternatives at dinner, and grains at all meals.

Conclusions

This study shows that only a small proportion of Dutch adults met both protein-related recommendations and sustainability goals, due to lower protein quantity and quality in more plant-based diets. This study emphasizes the need for professional guidance, especially in individuals with higher protein requirements, to facilitate a successful transition to a more plant-based diet.

目前的建议鼓励摄入足够的高质量蛋白质，其中60%以上来自植物性来源，以支持营养需求和可持续性目标。本观察性研究通过一项全国性调查评估了以植物性为主的膳食和饮食中的蛋白质摄入量、质量和来源，为支持更可持续和营养充足的饮食转变提供了见解。方法在荷兰国家食品消费调查（2019-2021）中，通过24小时回顾评估18至79岁成年人的蛋白质摄入量。分析每餐和每天的总蛋白质摄入量、植物性蛋白质摄入量和动物性蛋白质摄入量。采用膳食蛋白质质量评分（MPQS）评价每餐蛋白质质量。蛋白质数量和植物性蛋白质比例之间的关系是根据膳食达到足够蛋白质质量的频率（MPQS >100）来评估的。此外，比较了≥60%和<；60%植物性蛋白质饮食中不同食物组的蛋白质来源。结果在1747名成人中[57（44-68）岁，50%为男性]，平均蛋白质摄入量为0.93 (0.75-1.13)g/kg/d。只有8% （n = 147）的日粮含有≥60%的植物性蛋白质，中位摄入量为0.83 (0.63-1.05)g/kg/d。随着植物蛋白比例的增加，蛋白质的数量和质量都有所下降。当蛋白质质量较低时，赖氨酸是最常见的限制性氨基酸。只有3%的膳食达到≥20克蛋白质，≥60%的植物性蛋白质和最佳蛋白质质量，乳制品是早餐和午餐的主要蛋白质来源，肉类替代品是晚餐，谷物是所有膳食的主要蛋白质来源。这项研究表明，由于植物性饮食中蛋白质的数量和质量较低，只有一小部分荷兰成年人既符合蛋白质相关建议，又符合可持续性目标。这项研究强调需要专业指导，特别是对蛋白质需求较高的个体，以促进成功过渡到更多的植物性饮食。

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引用次数: 0

Perspective: What is the Likely Impact of the Proposed Food and Drug Administration Front-of-Package Criteria on the Labeling of Foods? 观点：拟议的食品和药物管理局包装前标准对食品标签的可能影响是什么？

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107638

Paula R Trumbo , Adam Drewnowski

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently proposed a new rule on front-of-package (FOP) labeling. Focusing on added sugars, sodium, and saturated fat, the proposed FOP label would identify foods with low [<5% daily value (DV)], medium (6‒19% DV), and high (20% DV) concentrations of each nutrient, calculated per serving size. This study applied the proposed FDA criteria to food categories and subgroups as defined in the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (2017‒2018). Nutrient composition data were joined with the FDA Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed. Analyses show the distribution of foods into FDA low, medium, and high criteria for each nutrient. Further analyses addressed food categories that were good (10%‒19% DV) or high/excellent (20% DV) sources of calcium, protein, and dietary fiber. This proposed labeling approach focuses only on nutrients to limit, similar to “warning label” FOP approaches seen in other countries. A balanced labeling approach that also includes nutrients to encourage (e.g., protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals) may be the preferred option to establish the relative healthfulness of foods.

美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）最近提出了一项关于包装正面（FOP）标签的新规定。以添加糖、钠和饱和脂肪为重点，拟议的FOP标签将识别每种营养素的低[5%日摄取量（DV）]、中（6-19% DV）和高（20% DV）浓度的食物，按每份份量计算。本研究将拟议的FDA标准应用于美国农业部饮食研究食品和营养数据库（2017-2018）中定义的食品类别和亚组。营养成分数据与FDA通常食用的参考量相结合。分析显示了食品中每种营养成分的FDA低、中、高标准分布。进一步分析了钙、蛋白质和膳食纤维的良好（10%-19% DV）或高/极（20% DV）来源的食物类别。这种建议的标签方法只关注营养限制，类似于在其他国家看到的“警告标签”FOP方法。一种平衡的标签方法，包括营养成分（如蛋白质、膳食纤维、维生素和矿物质），可能是建立食品相对健康的首选方法。

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引用次数: 0

Eliminate the In Vivo Digestibility Requirement for Protein Content Claims in North America to Align Consumer Purchasing Behavior with Dietary Guidelines 在北美取消蛋白质含量声明的体内消化率要求，使消费者的购买行为与膳食指南保持一致

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107627

Joseph Manuppello , Christopher D Gardner , Anna Herby , Elaine S Krul , Christopher PF Marinangeli , Amanda Gomes Almeida Sá , Mingyang Song

A roundtable discussion, held on 10 December, 2024, addressed requirements for protein quality assessment in United States and Canadian food labeling regulations, focusing on concerns with the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), which includes an in vivo rat assay to determine true fecal protein digestibility. Because animal proteins tend to score higher, the PDCAAS disadvantages nonanimal foods in substantiating protein content claims despite dietary guidelines recommending increased intake of plant proteins. In addition, the use of animal testing raises ethical concerns for some consumers. Roundtable participants weighed the benefits and costs of requiring the PDCAAS and discussed alternative regulatory approaches to better promote human health, prevent chronic disease, replace animal testing, and support sustainable food production. Options included relying solely on the amount of protein per serving, correcting only for the amino acid score, using fixed coefficients of digestibility or in vitro assays to determine digestibility, and incorporating measures that reflect human health outcomes and environmental impact. Several in vitro methods, such as the pH-drop and pH-stat methods, were identified as promising candidates for regulatory acceptance. The consensus was that for foods that do not address special needs, relying solely on the amount of protein to substantiate content claims is appropriate for populations who already consume protein in excess of reference values from varied sources. This approach, already used in other high-income jurisdictions, allows more plant-based foods to qualify for protein claims while avoiding animal testing. Moving away from the in vivo derived PDCAAS would reduce existing regulatory barriers, better align with current dietary guidelines, and promote increased intake of plant-based foods, thereby improving public health and sustainability.

2024年12月10日举行的圆桌会议讨论了美国和加拿大食品标签法规中蛋白质质量评估的要求，重点关注蛋白质消化率校正氨基酸评分（PDCAAS），其中包括确定真实粪便蛋白质消化率的体内大鼠试验。由于动物蛋白往往得分更高，尽管膳食指南建议增加植物蛋白的摄入量，但PDCAAS在证实蛋白质含量方面使非动物食品处于不利地位。此外，动物试验的使用引起了一些消费者的道德担忧。圆桌会议与会者权衡了要求PDCAAS的收益和成本，并讨论了更好地促进人类健康、预防慢性疾病、取代动物试验和支持可持续粮食生产的替代监管方法。选择包括仅依赖每份蛋白质的数量，仅校正氨基酸评分，使用固定消化率系数或体外测定来确定消化率，并结合反映人类健康结果和环境影响的措施。几种体外方法，如pH-drop和pH-stat方法，被认为是有希望被监管机构接受的候选者。共识是，对于不满足特殊需求的食物，仅依靠蛋白质的数量来证实含量声明，对于已经从各种来源摄入超过参考值的蛋白质的人群是合适的。这种方法已经在其他高收入司法管辖区使用，允许更多的植物性食品符合蛋白质声明的要求，同时避免了动物试验。放弃体内衍生的PDCAAS将减少现有的监管障碍，更好地符合当前的饮食指南，并促进植物性食品的摄入，从而改善公众健康和可持续性。

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引用次数: 0