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Corrigendum to “Behavior Change Interventions to Address Unhealthy Food Consumption: A Scoping Review” [Current Developments in Nutrition 8 (2024) 102104] 解决不健康食品消费的行为改变干预措施:范围审查"[《营养学最新进展》8 (2024) 102104] 更正
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104450
Shivani Kachwaha , Sunny S Kim , Jai K Das , Sabrina Rasheed , SubbaRao M Gavaravarapu , Pooja Pandey Rana , Purnima Menon
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引用次数: 0
Almond Consumption Modestly Improves Pain Ratings, Muscle Force Production, and Biochemical Markers of Muscle Damage Following Downhill Running in Mildly Overweight, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Crossover Trial 食用杏仁可适度改善轻度超重中年人下坡跑步后的疼痛评分、肌肉力量生成和肌肉损伤生化指标:一项随机交叉试验
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104432
Vernon Uganiza Rayo , Maricarmen Cervantes , Mee Young Hong , Shirin Hooshmand , Nathaniel Jason , Changqi Liu , Elise North , Lauren Okamoto , Svitlana Storm , Oliver C Witard , Mark Kern

Background

Almonds promote cardiometabolic health benefits; however, the ergogenic effect of almond supplementation on exercise recovery is less explored.

Objectives

We evaluated the impacts of raw, shelled, almonds on pain, muscle force production, and biochemical indices of muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from eccentrically biased exercise.

Methods

Using a randomized, crossover design, 26 healthy adults (37 ± 6 y) ran downhill (–10%) for 30 min at a heart rate corresponding to 65%–70% of maximal oxygen consumption followed by 3-d recovery periods after 8-wk adaptations to either ALMOND (2 oz/d) or isocaloric pretzel (CONTROL) feedings. Volunteers consumed the study food immediately following the run and each day during recovery. Fasted blood samples were collected, and pain and muscle function were tested before the downhill run and over 72 h of recovery.

Results

Downhill running elicited moderate muscle damage (Time: P < 0.001; η2 = 0.395) with creatine kinase (CK) peaking after 24 h (CONTROL: Δ + 180% from baseline compared with ALMOND: Δ + 171% from baseline). CK was reduced after 72 h in ALMOND (Δ – 50% from peak; P < 0.05) but not CONTROL (Δ – 33% from peak; P > 0.05). Maximal torque at 120°/s of flexion was greater (Trial: P = 0.004; η2 = 0.315) in ALMOND compared with CONTROL at 24 h (Δ + 12% between trials; P < 0.05) and 72 h (Δ + 9% between trials; P < 0.05) timepoints. Pain during maximal contraction was lower (Trial: P < 0.026; η2 = 0.225) in ALMOND compared with CONTROL after 24 h (Δ – 37% between trials; P < 0.05) and 48 h (Δ – 33% between trials; P < 0.05). No differences (P > 0.05) in vertical jump force, C-reactive protein concentrations, myoglobin concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity were observed between trials.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that 2.0 oz/d of almonds modestly reduces pain, better maintains muscle strength, and reduces the CK response to eccentric-based exercise. This apparent effect of almond ingestion on exercise recovery has the potential to promote increased exercise adherence, which should be investigated in future studies.

This trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04787718.

背景杏仁有益于心脏代谢健康;然而,人们对补充杏仁对运动恢复的促进作用探索较少。目的我们评估了生去壳杏仁对偏心运动恢复期间疼痛、肌肉力量产生以及肌肉损伤和炎症生化指标的影响。方法采用随机交叉设计,26 名健康成年人(37 ± 6 岁)在最大耗氧量 65%-70% 的相应心率下下坡跑(-10%)30 分钟,然后在适应杏仁(2 盎司/天)或等热量椒盐脆饼(对照)喂食 8 周后进行 3 天的恢复期。志愿者在跑步后立即摄入研究食物,并在恢复期间每天摄入研究食物。结果 下坡跑引起中度肌肉损伤(时间:P < 0.001; η2 = 0.395),肌酸激酶(CK)在 24 小时后达到峰值(对照组:与基线相比Δ + 180%;ALMOND:与基线相比Δ + 171%)。72 小时后,ALMOND 的 CK 有所下降(Δ - 峰值的 50%;P <;0.05),而对照组则没有下降(Δ - 峰值的 33%;P >;0.05)。与对照组相比,ALMOND 组在屈曲 120°/s 时的最大扭矩更大(试验:P = 0.004;η2 = 0.315),试验时间点分别为 24 小时(试验之间的差异为 Δ + 12%;P <;0.05)和 72 小时(试验之间的差异为 Δ + 9%;P <;0.05)。与对照组相比,ALMOND 在 24 小时后(试验之间的差异为 Δ - 37%;试验之间的差异为 Δ - 33%;试验之间的差异为 P <;0.05)和 48 小时后(试验之间的差异为 Δ - 33%;试验之间的差异为 P <;0.05),最大收缩时的疼痛较轻(试验:P <;0.026;η2 = 0.225)。结论这项研究表明,每天摄入 2.0 盎司杏仁可适度减轻疼痛,更好地保持肌肉力量,并降低偏心运动的 CK 反应。摄入杏仁对运动恢复的这种明显效果有可能促进运动依从性的提高,这一点应在今后的研究中加以探讨。这项试验已在 clinicaltrials.gov 登记为 NCT04787718。
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引用次数: 0
Development of the Diet Quality Questionnaire for Measurement of Dietary Diversity and Other Diet Quality Indicators 开发用于测量膳食多样性和其他膳食质量指标的膳食质量调查表
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103798
Anna W Herforth , Terri Ballard , Andrew Rzepa

Background

To monitor trends toward healthy and sustainable diets, there is a need for feasible survey tools, with cross-cultural validity, low-cost, and low-expertise requirements.

Objectives

The objective of this research was to develop a method to gather data suitable for monitoring diet quality in the general population (women and men of all ages) that is feasible within multitopic surveys, low burden for both enumerators and respondents, valid at population level, and that captures the information necessary for understanding diet quality at global and local levels.

Methods

A literature review was conducted to identify constructs of diet quality with existing consensus, indicators with existing global demand, and methods that may be feasible and valid. Results were presented to a technical advisory group for debate, resulting in consensus on a set of constructs to be measured, desired indicators, viable data collection platforms, and an approach for testing and piloting.

Results

Food group-based indicators and 24-h recall period were selected as the most feasible and valid approach for population-level monitoring. A 29-item Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) was developed, where each yes/no question asks about the consumption of a distinct food group on the previous day or night. The food groups were selected for the purpose of deriving indicators to capture the constructs for which there was consensus: nutrient adequacy, and protection against noncommunicable diseases, including both positive and negative risk factors.

Conclusions

The DQQ is low cost and feasible to administer in existing large-scale surveys, overcoming barriers to diet data collection that have precluded the routine monitoring of diet quality in the past. This novel approach has now been used across >85 countries in the Gallup World Poll and other surveys, generating the first nationally representative available datasets on Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women and complementary diet quality indicators.

背景为了监测健康和可持续膳食的发展趋势,需要有可行的、跨文化有效的、低成本的和低专业要求的调查工具。本研究的目的是开发一种方法来收集适合监测普通人群(所有年龄段的女性和男性)膳食质量的数据,这种方法在多主题调查中是可行的,对调查者和被调查者的负担都较小,在人群水平上有效,并能捕捉到了解全球和地方膳食质量所需的信息。方法 通过文献综述来确定已达成共识的膳食质量结构、现有全球需求的指标以及可行且有效的方法。研究结果提交给一个技术咨询小组进行讨论,最终就一系列需要测量的结构、预期指标、可行的数据收集平台以及测试和试点方法达成共识。结果基于食物组的指标和 24 小时回忆期被选为最可行和有效的人群监测方法。我们编制了一份包含 29 个项目的膳食质量调查表(DQQ),其中每个 "是/否 "问题都询问前一天或前一天晚上某一食物组别的摄入情况。选择食品组的目的是为了得出指标,以捕捉已达成共识的结构:营养素充足性和预防非传染性疾病,包括积极和消极的风险因素。结论 DQQ 成本低,在现有的大规模调查中可行,克服了过去阻碍日常膳食质量监测的膳食数据收集障碍。这种新颖的方法现已在盖洛普世界民意调查和其他调查中应用于 85 个国家,产生了第一批具有国家代表性的妇女最低膳食多样性数据集和补充性膳食质量指标。
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引用次数: 0
From Streets to Tables: Bottom–Up Co-creation Case Studies for Healthier Food Environments in Vietnam and Nigeria 从街道到餐桌:越南和尼日利亚自下而上共同创造更健康食品环境的案例研究
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104395
Brice Even , Scarlett Crawford , Oluyemisi F Shittu , Mark Lundy , Sigrid Wertheim-Heck , Folake O Samuel , Elise F Talsma , Giulia Pastori , Huong Thi Le , Ricardo Hernandez , Inge D Brouwer , Christophe Béné

Current food systems fail to provide equity, sustainability, and positive health outcomes, thus underscoring the critical need for their transformation. Intervening in food environments holds substantial promise for contributing to this much-needed transformation. Despite scholars and practitioners often recognizing the necessity for bottom–up approaches, there is a dearth of empirical investigations evaluating the potential of these approaches to contribute to food system transformations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our study aimed to address this research gap, providing a unique perspective in this regard. Drawing on evidence from two co-creation case studies conducted with small-scale informal fruit and vegetable vendors and poor consumers in Vietnam and Nigeria from January 2020 to December 2021, we explored the relevance of bottom–up community-engaged co-creation processes in intervening within LMICs’ food retail environments. Employing a mixed-methods approach that includes quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, participatory workshops, and focus group discussions, we demonstrated that bottom–up co-creation processes involving marginalized socioeconomic groups can generate retail-level innovations that are tailored to informal retail contexts, whereas remaining aligned with established top–down theories and literature pertaining to food environments and healthy diets. We provided empirical evidence highlighting how both vendors and consumers respond positively to the co-created innovations. Expanding upon our results, we offered methodological insights applicable to interventions targeted at food environments in LMICs, and considerations for future research or development initiatives in this domain. Our findings revealed the capacity of vulnerable stakeholders to actively engage in public health initiatives and contribute to developing innovative solutions that are context-specific and conducive to the adoption of healthier dietary practices. These results confirm the potential of bottom–up, co-creation, real-world interventions within informal settings to contribute toward fostering inclusive transformation of food systems.

当前的粮食系统未能提供公平、可持续和积极的健康成果,因此强调了对其进行改造的迫切需要。对食物环境进行干预很有希望促进这种亟需的转变。尽管学者和从业人员通常都认识到自下而上方法的必要性,但缺乏实证调查来评估这些方法在促进中低收入国家(LMICs)粮食系统转型方面的潜力。我们的研究旨在填补这一研究空白,在这方面提供一个独特的视角。利用 2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间在越南和尼日利亚与小型非正规果蔬商贩和贫困消费者开展的两项共创案例研究的证据,我们探讨了自下而上的社区参与式共创过程在干预中低收入国家食品零售环境中的相关性。我们采用了一种混合方法(包括定量调查、定性访谈、参与式研讨会和焦点小组讨论),证明了边缘化社会经济群体参与的自下而上的共同创造过程可以产生零售层面的创新,这些创新适合非正规零售环境,同时与有关食品环境和健康饮食的既定自上而下的理论和文献保持一致。我们提供了实证证据,强调了销售商和消费者是如何对共同创造的创新做出积极回应的。根据我们的研究结果,我们提出了适用于针对低收入和中等收入国家食品环境的干预措施的方法论见解,以及对该领域未来研究或发展举措的考虑。我们的研究结果表明,弱势利益相关者有能力积极参与公共卫生行动,并为开发针对具体情况、有利于采用更健康饮食习惯的创新解决方案做出贡献。这些结果证实了在非正规环境中采取自下而上、共同创造、真实世界干预措施的潜力,有助于促进食品系统的包容性转型。
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引用次数: 0
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Association of Walnut Consumption with Obesity and Relative Fat Mass among United States Adolescents and Young Adults in NHANES (2003–2020) 关于核桃消费与肥胖和 NHANES(2003-2020 年)中美国青少年和年轻成人相对脂肪量关系的横断面研究
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104407
Nana Gletsu-Miller , Beate Henschel , Carmen D Tekwe , Krisha Thiagarajah

Background

Walnuts contain nutrients and phytochemicals that can promote metabolic health. However, the high energy content of walnuts along with other nuts raises the concern that consuming nuts promotes obesity.

Objectives

We sought to investigate the associations between consumption of walnuts as well as other nuts and measures of obesity in adolescents and young adults.

Methods

This study included 8874 adolescents (12–19 y) and 10,323 young adults (20–39 y) from 8 waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2003–2020). The associations of consumption of 1) walnuts only (WO); 2) walnuts with other nuts (WON); 3) other nuts (ON); and 4) no nuts (NN) with obesity status and relative fat mass (RFM) were assessed using logistic and linear regressions stratified by age group and sex. Sample weights were used in all statistical analyses.

Results

The mean daily intake of walnuts was not different between the 2 walnut consumption groups within each age group (adolescents: 2.18 [standard error (SE) 0.14] g; P = 0.917; young adults: 4.23 [0.37] g; P = 0.682). The WON group had the lowest prevalence of obesity (adolescents: 8.3%; young adults: 21.1%) while the NN group had the highest prevalence (adolescents: 24.1%; young adults: 35.4%). The models indicated lower odds of obesity in adolescent girls (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; P < 0.05) and young adult women (OR: 0.58; P < 0.05) who consumed WON than in those who consumed NN. In both young women and girls, RFM was significantly lower in the WON and ON groups than the NN group (P < 0.001). In young men, WON consumption was also associated with a lower RFM (OR: −1.24; 95% confidence interval: −2.21, −0.28) compared with NN consumption.

Conclusions

For adolescents girls and young women, dietary intake of walnuts combined with other nuts has the strongest inverse association with measures of obesity.

背景核桃含有可促进代谢健康的营养成分和植物化学物质。方法本研究纳入了 8 波全国健康与营养调查数据(2003-2020 年)中的 8874 名青少年(12-19 岁)和 10323 名青壮年(20-39 岁)。使用逻辑回归和线性回归评估了 1) 只食用核桃 (WO)、2) 核桃和其他坚果 (WON)、3) 其他坚果 (ON) 和 4) 不食用坚果 (NN) 与肥胖状况和相对脂肪量 (RFM) 的关系,并按年龄组和性别进行了分层。所有统计分析均使用样本权重。结果在每个年龄组中,两个核桃食用组之间的核桃日平均摄入量没有差异(青少年:2.18 [标准误差(SE)]):2.18 [标准误差 (SE) 0.14] 克;P = 0.917;青壮年:4.23 [0.37] 克;P = 0.917:4.23 [0.37] 克;P = 0.682)。WON 组的肥胖率最低(青少年:8.3%;青壮年:21.1%),而 NN 组的肥胖率最高(青少年:24.1%;青壮年:35.4%)。模型显示,食用 WON 的少女(几率比 [OR]:0.27;P <;0.05)和食用 NN 的年轻成年女性(OR:0.58;P <;0.05)肥胖几率低于食用 NN 的少女和年轻成年女性。在年轻女性和女孩中,WON 和 ON 组的 RFM 都明显低于 NN 组(P < 0.001)。结论对于少女和年轻女性来说,膳食中核桃和其他坚果的摄入量与肥胖程度的反向关系最为密切。
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study on the Association of Walnut Consumption with Obesity and Relative Fat Mass among United States Adolescents and Young Adults in NHANES (2003–2020)","authors":"Nana Gletsu-Miller ,&nbsp;Beate Henschel ,&nbsp;Carmen D Tekwe ,&nbsp;Krisha Thiagarajah","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Walnuts contain nutrients and phytochemicals that can promote metabolic health. However, the high energy content of walnuts along with other nuts raises the concern that consuming nuts promotes obesity.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We sought to investigate the associations between consumption of walnuts as well as other nuts and measures of obesity in adolescents and young adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study included 8874 adolescents (12–19 y) and 10,323 young adults (20–39 y) from 8 waves of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2003–2020). The associations of consumption of <em>1</em>) walnuts only (WO); <em>2</em>) walnuts with other nuts (WON); <em>3</em>) other nuts (ON); and <em>4</em>) no nuts (NN) with obesity status and relative fat mass (RFM) were assessed using logistic and linear regressions stratified by age group and sex. Sample weights were used in all statistical analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean daily intake of walnuts was not different between the 2 walnut consumption groups within each age group (adolescents: 2.18 [standard error (SE) 0.14] g; <em>P</em> = 0.917; young adults: 4.23 [0.37] g; <em>P</em> = 0.682). The WON group had the lowest prevalence of obesity (adolescents: 8.3%; young adults: 21.1%) while the NN group had the highest prevalence (adolescents: 24.1%; young adults: 35.4%). The models indicated lower odds of obesity in adolescent girls (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and young adult women (OR: 0.58; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) who consumed WON than in those who consumed NN. In both young women and girls, RFM was significantly lower in the WON and ON groups than the NN group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In young men, WON consumption was also associated with a lower RFM (OR: −1.24; 95% confidence interval: −2.21, −0.28) compared with NN consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>For adolescents girls and young women, dietary intake of walnuts combined with other nuts has the strongest inverse association with measures of obesity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124023412/pdfft?md5=d7cd62dfce1248234da6ce155da6d0b9&pid=1-s2.0-S2475299124023412-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to ‘Nutritious Supplemental Foods for Pregnant Women from Food Insecure Settings: Types, Nutritional Composition, and Relationships to Health Outcomes’ [Curr. Dev. Nutr. 7 (2023) 100094] 来自食物无保障环境的孕妇的营养补充食品:类型、营养成分以及与健康结果的关系"[Curr. Dev. Nutr.
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104433
Mihaela A Ciulei , Emily R Smith , Nandita Perumal , Chioniso S Jakazi , Christopher R Sudfeld , Alison D Gernand
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Elements of Social Behavior Change Activities in Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Programs: A Systematic Review 营养敏感型农业项目中社会行为改变活动要素的有效性:系统回顾。
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104420
Tsedenia Tewodros , Carolina X Escobar , Liris S Berra , Amy Webb Girard

Background

Limited research exists on the specific approaches and behavior change techniques (BCT) used in nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) programs and their effects on diet diversity.

Objectives

We aimed to describe nutrition-related social behavior change (SBC) in the context of NSA and quantify the effectiveness of different SBC components of NSA programs in improving diet diversity.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the International Food Policy and Research Institute repository, and Agricola for articles published between 2000 and 2023. We identified the agricultural activities each project used as a pathway to improved nutrition (ag-nutrition pathways), identified SBC approaches used by each project, and coded BCTs using validated coding protocols. Effectiveness ratios (ERs) were calculated to assess pathways, approaches, and BCTs in relation to dietary diversity outcomes (minimum diet diversity for children, child dietary diversity score, and women’s dietary diversity).

Results

Of 65 included NSA interventions, the most used agriculture-to-nutrition pathways included 1) agricultural production for home consumption (n = 61); 2) women’s empowerment (n = 36); and 3) agricultural income (n = 37) pathways. The most used SBC approaches were interpersonal communication (IPC, n = 59) and community-based approaches (n = 53). Frequently used BCTs included “instructions on how to perform the behavior” (n = 65), “social support (unspecified)” (n = 43), and using a “credible source” (n = 43). The increased production for the home consumption pathway, IPC approach, and the BCT “behavioral practice” had high ERs for diet diversity outcomes.

Conclusions

Although the agricultural production for home consumption pathway to improved nutrition had the highest ERs for diet diversity, other pathways, such as income generation and reducing wastage, hold promise and require additional investigation. The most commonly applied BCTs focused on information dissemination; however, participatory BCTs related to behavioral demonstration, and behavioral practice had higher ERs. Findings indicate a need to test less frequently utilized SBC components to determine effectiveness.

This trial was registered at PROSPERO (=https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=179016) as CRD42020179016.

背景关于营养敏感型农业(NSA)项目中使用的具体方法和行为改变技术(BCT)及其对膳食多样性影响的研究有限。方法我们检索了 PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、国际粮食政策与研究所资料库和 Agricola 中 2000 年至 2023 年间发表的文章。我们确定了每个项目作为改善营养途径(农业营养途径)所使用的农业活动,确定了每个项目所使用的 SBC 方法,并使用经过验证的编码协议对 BCT 进行了编码。结果 在纳入的 65 个 NSA 干预项目中,使用最多的农业营养途径包括:1)供家庭消费的农业生产(n = 61);2)妇女赋权(n = 36);3)农业收入(n = 37)途径。使用最多的 SBC 方法是人际传播(IPC,n = 59)和基于社区的方法(n = 53)。经常使用的 BCT 包括 "指导如何实施该行为"(n = 65)、"社会支持(未指定)"(n = 43)和使用 "可信来源"(n = 43)。为家庭消费增加产量的途径、IPC方法和BCT "行为实践 "对膳食多样性结果的ER值较高。结论虽然为家庭消费增加产量的农业营养改善途径对膳食多样性的ER值最高,但其他途径,如创收和减少浪费,仍有希望,需要进一步调查。最常应用的业连试侧重于信息传播;然而,与行为示范和行为实践有关的参与性业连试的ER值较高。研究结果表明,有必要对使用频率较低的SBC组成部分进行测试,以确定其有效性。该试验已在PROSPERO(=https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=179016)上注册,编号为CRD42020179016。
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引用次数: 0
Conflicts of Interest in Nutrition: Categorical Thinking and the Stigma of Commercial Collaboration 营养学中的利益冲突:分类思维与商业合作的污名化
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104413
David J Mela

There is a high level of concern about the possible influence of commercial organizations on food-related research and professional bodies, including regulatory and advisory panels. This has contributed to an increased emphasis on the declaration and management of conflicts of interest (CoI) in the reporting, evaluation, and application of research in nutrition science. However, common perceptions of CoI in nutrition, and procedures for declaring and managing these, often lack intellectual rigor and consistency. This commentary highlights 3 main issues related to CoI in nutrition, particularly the emphasis on industry-related CoI relative to other sources of conflict and bias. 1) Considerations of CoI in nutrition are largely limited to financial or collaborative links to the food industry, disregarding other important sources of influence such as intellectual allegiances or nonindustry financial and professional incentives. 2) Associations with industry incur ad hominem, often punitive stigmatization of individuals and their research, and inappropriate downgrading or exclusion of evidence. This disproportionately affects expertise in the food and agricultural sciences, in which commercial collaborations are widely encouraged. 3) These practices and related approaches to managing CoI are applied without due consideration of the nature of the conflicts and activities involved, the qualifications of individuals, or the availability of other, objective methods and guidance for assessing research quality and risks of bias. Overall, recognition of the nature and range of CoI in nutrition and approaches to their identification and management lack consistency and balance. A singular and strict focus specifically on industry-related CoI may paradoxically exacerbate rather than mitigate imbalance and bias in the field. This commentary outlines the underlying issues and the need for more comprehensive and nuanced approaches to the assessment, reporting, and management of CoI in nutrition.

人们高度关注商业组织对食品相关研究和专业机构(包括监管和咨询小组)可能产生的影响。这促使人们越来越重视在营养科学研究的报告、评估和应用过程中利益冲突(CoI)的申报和管理。然而,人们对营养学中利益冲突的普遍认识以及利益冲突的申报和管理程序往往缺乏严谨性和一致性。本评论强调了与营养学中的 CoI 相关的 3 个主要问题,尤其是相对于其他冲突和偏见来源而言,对与行业相关的 CoI 的重视。1) 对营养学领域共同利益的考虑主要局限于与食品行业的财务或合作关系,而忽视了其他重要的影响来源,如知识效忠或非行业财务和专业激励。2) 与食品行业的联系导致对个人及其研究的诋毁,往往是惩罚性的诋毁,以及对证据的不恰当降级或排斥。这对广泛鼓励商业合作的食品和农业科学领域的专业知识影响尤为严重。3) 在采用这些做法和相关方法来管理 "共同承担 "时,没有适当考虑所涉及的冲突和活动的性质、个人的资格,也没有考虑是否有其他客观的方法和指导来评估研究质量和偏见风险。总体而言,对营养学中冲突影响的性质和范围的认识以及识别和管理冲突影响的方法缺乏一致性和平衡性。单独严格关注与行业相关的 CoI 可能会加剧而不是减轻该领域的不平衡和偏差。本评论概述了根本问题,以及对营养领域共同营养信息的评估、报告和管理采取更全面、更细致方法的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Egg Hub Model: A Sustainable and Replicable Approach to Address Food Security and Improve Livelihoods 鸡蛋中心模式:解决粮食安全问题和改善生计的可持续和可复制的方法
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103795

Background

Despite progress in improving living standards and reduced poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition remain a significant issue worldwide. Childhood is a critical time for the intake of protein to support physical and cognitive growth, including animal-source foods like eggs which can effectively mitigate stunting in low- and middle-income countries. In Malawi, high malnutrition rates among women and children represent a significant public health challenge, but high-quality sources such as eggs remain costly, scarce, and rarely consumed by children in Malawi. The Egg Hub model, identified and piloted by local agri-food entrepreneurs and the Sight and Life Foundation in Malawi, tackles the obstacles faced by smallholder farmers, working to increase egg production, enhance availability, and improve consumption within rural communities by supporting small-scale farmers transition from unsustainable and unproductive backyard rearing to small-scale farm through access to high-quality inputs, training, loans, and a guaranteed market for their eggs.

Objectives

This paper provides a detailed account of the implementation of the pilot of the Egg Hub Model in Malawi including the demand creation process, the impact of the model on producers, consumers, and operators, and the social, economic, and environmental sustainability aspects of the model.

Methods

Qualitative and quantitative surveys (n = 217 consumers) were used for demand creation and qualitative surveys were used with 15 retailers to determine egg sales. With 16 farmers and the egg hub operator, business metrics, including profits and loss records, were analyzed.

Results

The pilot of the Egg Hub model in Malawi supported 85 farmers to triple their egg production, allowing their communities to purchase eggs at prices reduced by 40%, benefiting an estimated number of 180,000 rural poor. Egg consumption among the target population increased from an average of 2 to 9 eggs/month and led to reduced egg wastage and better biosecurity, reducing the risk of children’s exposure to chicken feces and infections. The achievements of this Egg Hub in Malawi allowed the model to be replicated in Ethiopia, Peru, and Brazil, producing 40 million eggs annually and benefiting more than half a million consumers.

Conclusion

The Egg Hub model is a comprehensive and scalable solution to increase egg supply, address malnutrition and food insecurity, and improve livelihoods. The advantages include centralizing key activities through a community-centered approach, empowering female farmers, increasing access to a highly nutritious food, and economic benefits for farmers and their communities.

背景尽管在提高生活水平和减少贫困方面取得了进展,但粮食不安全和营养不良仍然是全世界的一个重大问题。儿童时期是摄入蛋白质以支持身体和认知能力成长的关键时期,包括鸡蛋在内的动物源性食品可以有效缓解中低收入国家的发育迟缓问题。在马拉维,妇女和儿童的高营养不良率是一项重大的公共卫生挑战,但鸡蛋等优质来源食品仍然昂贵、稀缺,马拉维儿童很少食用。由马拉维当地农业食品企业家和视力与生命基金会确定并试行的 "鸡蛋枢纽 "模式解决了小农面临的障碍,通过提供高质量的投入、培训、贷款和有保障的鸡蛋市场,支持小农从不可持续的、非生产性的后院饲养过渡到小规模农场,从而努力提高鸡蛋产量、增加鸡蛋供应和改善农村社区的鸡蛋消费。本文详细介绍了在马拉维实施鸡蛋集散中心模式试点的情况,包括需求创造过程,该模式对生产者、消费者和经营者的影响,以及该模式在社会、经济和环境方面的可持续性。结果在马拉维进行的鸡蛋中心模式试点支持 85 位农民将鸡蛋产量提高了两倍,使他们的社区能够以降低 40% 的价格购买鸡蛋,惠及约 180,000 名农村贫困人口。目标人群的鸡蛋消费量从平均每月 2 枚增加到 9 枚,减少了鸡蛋浪费,提高了生物安全水平,降低了儿童接触鸡粪便和感染疾病的风险。马拉维鸡蛋中心取得的成就使这一模式得以在埃塞俄比亚、秘鲁和巴西推广,每年生产 4000 万枚鸡蛋,惠及 50 多万消费者。其优势包括通过以社区为中心的方法集中关键活动,增强女性农民的能力,增加获得高营养食物的机会,以及为农民及其社区带来经济效益。
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引用次数: 0
Potential Nutrient Contribution of Community-Based Insects in Children’s Food in Northern Ghana 加纳北部社区儿童食品中昆虫的潜在营养贡献
IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104410
Clement Kubreziga Kubuga , Majeed Baako , Jan W Low

Background

Micronutrient deficiencies are a major problem among children in northern Ghana. Available local foods and existing plant-based dietary patterns among children are insufficient to meet children’s nutrients requirements. Aside enhancing diets with animal source foods, most of which are expensive for rural households, entomophagy, which is culturally accepted, appears to be a great alternative.

Objectives

This study aimed to 1) document the types of insects commonly consumed and the reasons for or against entomophagy in the study area, 2) document the reasons for adding or not adding insects to household meals, and 3) determine the nutrient contribution of community-based insects in children's food.

Methods

Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were concurrently applied in this exploratory study (N = 392 individuals; 6 focus group discussions) in northern Ghana.

Results

Termites, crickets, grasshoppers, and caterpillars were recognized as the most prevalent edible insects in communities. These insects were largely consumed by children but presently only included in household meals by a few households. Individual, sociocultural, sensory characteristics of insects, climate, and economic aspects were cited as grounds for and against entomophagy. Existing community-based children’s diets were unable to meet the acceptable recommended nutrient intake (RNI; within a given age and gender group, the RNI is the amount of a nutrient ingested daily that would meet the needs of almost all healthy individuals in that group) level of all nutrients under consideration, especially for zinc, vitamin B-12, folate, and fat. Inclusion of community-based edible insects increased the RNI levels for all 11 micronutrients considered and met children’s zinc, vitamin B-12, folate, and fat requirements.

Conclusions

Community-based insects demonstrate a great potential for meeting micronutrients needs of children in the research setting. Future research is required to improve households’ adoption of community-based insects as part of household meals and to make insects accessible to households.

背景加纳北部儿童的一个主要问题是微量营养素缺乏。当地现有的食物和儿童现有的植物性膳食模式不足以满足儿童的营养需求。本研究旨在:1)记录研究地区通常食用的昆虫种类以及支持或反对昆虫膳食的原因;2)记录在家庭膳食中添加或不添加昆虫的原因;3)确定社区昆虫在儿童食物中的营养贡献。方法在加纳北部进行的这项探索性研究中,同时采用了定性和定量研究方法(N = 392 人;6 次焦点小组讨论)。结果蚯蚓、蟋蟀、蚱蜢和毛虫被认为是社区中最常见的可食用昆虫。这些昆虫主要由儿童食用,但目前只有少数家庭将其作为家常菜。个人、社会文化、昆虫的感官特征、气候和经济因素被认为是支持和反对昆虫膳食的理由。现有的社区儿童膳食无法达到可接受的建议营养摄入量(RNI;在特定年龄和性别组别中,建议营养摄入量是指每日摄入某种营养素的量,该量可满足该组别中几乎所有健康人的需要),尤其是锌、维生素 B-12、叶酸和脂肪。纳入社区食用昆虫提高了所有 11 种微量营养素的 RNI 水平,并满足了儿童对锌、维生素 B-12、叶酸和脂肪的需求。今后需要开展研究,以提高家庭将社区昆虫作为家庭膳食的一部分的采用率,并使昆虫成为家庭可获得的食物。
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引用次数: 0
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Current Developments in Nutrition
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