Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献_第6页

The Effect of Quintuply-Fortified Salt on the Gut Microbiome of Young Children 1–5 y of Age in Punjab, India; A Substudy of a Randomized, Community-Based Trial 五倍强化盐对印度旁遮普省1-5岁幼儿肠道微生物群的影响一项随机社区试验的子研究

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107580

Lauren Thompson , Yvonne E Goh , Manu Jamwal , Bidhi L Singh , Gurjinder Kaur Brar , Charles D Arnold , Jamie Westcott , Julie M Long , Nancy F Krebs , Angela Zivkovic , Reena Das , Mona Duggal , Christine M McDonald

Background

Young children in India often face multiple micronutrient deficiencies, yet interventions such as micronutrient powders have raised concerns about potential adverse effects on the gut microbiome. Large-scale food fortification is an effective strategy to improve micronutrient intake; however, its impact on the gut microbiome of children remains unclear.

Objectives

To determine whether intake of quintuply-fortified salt (QFS) for 12 mo adversely affects gut microbiome composition in children aged 1–5 y.

Methods

In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in Punjab, India, children received: 1) QFS with iron as encapsulated ferrous fumarate [eFF], zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, and iodine (eFF-QFS); 2) QFS with the same micronutrients, but iron as encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate [eFePP] plus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (eFePP-QFS); or 3) standard iodized salt for 12 mo. Stool samples were collected from 125 children (eFF-QFS, n = 43; eFePP-QFS, n = 45; iodized salt, n= 37) at baseline and 12 mo and analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Changes in alpha diversity (Shannon, abundance-based estimator index) between groups were assessed with linear mixed models, beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) with linear regression and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella, or Escherichia-Shigella with zero-inflated negative binomial mixed models.

Results

Average discretionary salt utilization was estimated to be 3.5 g/child equivalent/d across groups. Abundance-based estimator index was higher in the iodized salt arm compared with eFePP-QFS, but similar to eFF-QFS. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed no overall group differences; however, pairwise Bray-Curtis distances from baseline were modestly greater in eFF-QFS compared with the other groups. No significant changes in relative abundance were identified.

Conclusions

After 12 mo, QFS resulted no major changes in abundance of key taxa and minimal, inconsistent shifts in certain diversity metrics and relative to the iodized salt control, suggesting no adverse effects on microbiome composition among young children in this setting. Additional studies in settings with improved iron status are needed.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05166980 and at Clinical Trials Registry–India as CTRI/2022/02/040333.

印度的幼儿经常面临多种微量营养素缺乏症，然而微量营养素粉末等干预措施引起了人们对肠道微生物群潜在不利影响的担忧。大规模强化食物是提高微量营养素摄入量的有效策略；然而，它对儿童肠道微生物群的影响尚不清楚。方法在印度旁遮普省进行的一项双盲、随机、对照试验中，儿童接受：1)含铁包封富马酸亚铁（eFF）、锌、维生素B12、叶酸和碘（ef -QFS）的五倍强化盐（QFS）；2)微量元素相同的QFS，但铁为包封焦磷酸铁[eFePP] +乙二胺四乙酸（eFePP-QFS）；在基线和12个月时收集125名儿童（ef - qfs, n= 43; eFePP-QFS, n= 45；碘盐，n= 37）的粪便样本，并通过16S rRNA基因测序进行分析。采用线性混合模型评估组间α多样性（Shannon，基于丰度的估计指数）的变化，采用线性回归和多变量方差分析评估组间β多样性（bry - curtis dissimilarity）的变化，采用零膨胀负二项混合模型评估肠杆菌科、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、普雷沃氏菌或埃希氏菌的相对丰度。结果各组平均可自由支配的盐利用率估计为3.5 g/儿童当量/d。与eFePP-QFS相比，碘盐组的丰度估计指数更高，但与ef - qfs相似。多变量方差排列分析显示，组间无总体差异；然而，与其他组相比，ef - qfs组与基线的成对布雷-柯蒂斯距离略大。未发现明显的相对丰度变化。结论在12个月后，QFS没有导致关键分类群的丰度发生重大变化，某些多样性指标的变化很小，相对于加碘盐的控制，这表明在这种情况下，QFS对幼儿的微生物组组成没有不利影响。需要在铁状态改善的环境中进行进一步的研究。该试验已在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT05166980，在Clinical Trials Registry-India注册为CTRI/2022/02/040333。

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引用次数: 0

Designing Culturally Acceptable, Nutritious, and Low Environmental Impact Finnish Diets with Mycoprotein: A Novel Optimization Approach 用真菌蛋白设计文化上可接受的、营养丰富的、低环境影响的芬兰饮食：一种新的优化方法

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107559

Yue Fu, Xavier Irz

Background

Meat alternatives can support a gradual reduction in meat consumption, contributing to more sustainable diets. Optimization is a useful tool to investigate this potential, but neglecting diet acceptability may limit the relevance of the approach.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to develop a new diet optimization model that includes meat alternatives and accounts for diet acceptability, then to apply it to characterize a culturally acceptable, nutritionally adequate, and low-climate impact Finnish diet that incorporates mycoprotein.

Methods

An original quadratic optimization model minimizing the weighted distance from the current diet was designed, with mycoprotein introduced as a new food within the meat group. The model first simulated a nutritionally adequate diet including mycoprotein (“NUTR” diet) and then progressively reduced dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) while maintaining total consumption of the meat group. Model performance was assessed against a piecewise linear model, and robustness was tested through a sensitivity analysis.

Results

The meat group in the “NUTR” diet, which included 27.3 g (5.9 g) of mycoprotein, amounted to 82% (87%) of observed meat consumption for an average adult male (female). For further GHGE reductions, red and processed meats were replaced mainly by poultry, followed by mycoprotein with an increasing share. Imposing large reductions in GHGEs while maintaining meat consumption to its “NUTR” level led to larger adjustments in other food groups and raised potential nutritional concerns, whereas these issues were less pronounced for small to moderate GHGE reductions. Compared with the piecewise linear model, the quadratic formulation was less sensitive to baseline assumptions, yielding more robust and realistic diets.

Conclusions

The proposed model advances diet optimization for the study of new foods by incorporating improved considerations of diet acceptability. The Finnish case study illustrates its applicability to simulate climate-friendly, nutritionally adequate diets that integrate mycoprotein, offering a valuable tool for future research on novel foods.

肉类替代品可以支持逐步减少肉类消费，有助于实现更可持续的饮食。优化是研究这种潜力的有用工具，但忽视饮食可接受性可能会限制该方法的相关性。本研究的目的是建立一个新的饮食优化模型，包括肉类替代品和饮食可接受性，然后将其应用于文化上可接受的、营养充足的、低气候影响的芬兰饮食，其中包含真菌蛋白。方法设计初始二次优化模型，将真菌蛋白作为新食物引入肉类组，使其与当前日粮的加权距离最小。该模型首先模拟营养充足的饮食，包括真菌蛋白（“NUTR”饮食），然后在保持肉类组总消费量的同时逐步减少饮食温室气体排放（GHGEs）。根据分段线性模型评估模型性能，并通过灵敏度分析检验稳健性。结果“NUTR”饮食中的肉类组含有27.3 g （5.9 g）真菌蛋白，占观察到的平均成年男性（女性）肉类消费量的82%（87%）。为了进一步减少温室气体排放，红肉和加工肉类主要由家禽代替，其次是真菌蛋白，所占比例越来越大。在大幅度减少温室气体排放的同时，将肉类消费维持在其“NUTR”水平，导致其他食品类别的更大调整，并引发潜在的营养问题，而这些问题在小幅至中度温室气体减排中不太明显。与分段线性模型相比，二次公式对基线假设的敏感性较低，产生的饮食更稳健、更现实。结论该模型通过纳入饮食可接受性因素，促进了新食品研究的饮食优化。芬兰的案例研究表明，该方法适用于模拟含有真菌蛋白的气候友好型、营养充足的饮食，为未来研究新型食物提供了有价值的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Brief Diet Screener for Assessing Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet: Development and Validation 简单的饮食筛选评估坚持饮食方法停止高血压（DASH）饮食：发展和验证

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107593

Qisi Yao , Steven A Cohen , Brietta M Oaks , Maya K Vadiveloo

Background

Although poor diet quality is a main risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it is rarely measured comprehensively in clinical trials using full dietary assessment tools.

Objectives

This study developed a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet screener using questions from the Stenting vs. Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis trial (SAMMPRIS) and assessed construct validity in 3 2-y cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009–2014).

Methods

Two DASH scores were created in a subset of 14,651 adults aged ≥20 with ≥1 reliable 24-h diet recall and plausible energy intakes. The validated DASH score used established methods to create a score ranging from 8 to 40. The DASH screener used 11 nonvalidated SAMMPRIS questions to create 8 components. Each component was multiplied by a weight for comparability between the scores and summed to obtain an overall score (0–100), with higher values indicating better adherence. Construct validity was examined by analyzing whether the screener score had a variable distribution, correlated with the validated score, differentiated groups with known diet quality differences, and was concordant with the validated score.

Results

Participants were on average 47.6 (±16.9) y, 68% non-Hispanic White, 53% female, and with a body mass index (BMI) of 28.9 kg/m². The mean (SD) of the DASH screener score and validated DASH score were 47.0 (14.7) and 23.8 (5.2). The elements of construct validity were demonstrated with strong correlations between the total and most components' scores (r = 0.62–1.00, P < 0.0001), the ability to distinguish known-group differences, and strong concordance between the 2 scores (κ = 0.62, P< 0.0001). In sensitivity analyses, removal of the sodium component improved the total score correlation (r = 0.73) and concordance (κ = 0.64).

Conclusions

The brief DASH diet screener demonstrated construct validity across 4 domains. Future research is needed to better estimate salt intake and evaluate the predictive validity of the screener.

虽然不良饮食质量是心血管疾病的主要危险因素，但在临床试验中很少使用全面的饮食评估工具对其进行全面测量。本研究利用支架植入与积极治疗预防颅内狭窄卒中复发试验（SAMMPRIS）中的问题，开发了一种饮食方法来阻止高血压（DASH）饮食筛查，并评估了2009-2014年国家健康与营养检查调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey） 32个2-y周期的结构效度。方法在14651名年龄≥20岁、24小时饮食回忆≥1次、能量摄入可信的成年人中创建两个DASH评分。经过验证的DASH评分使用了既定的方法来创建8到40分的分数。DASH筛选器使用11个未经验证的SAMMPRIS问题来创建8个组件。每个组成部分乘以分数之间可比性的权重，并求和得到总分（0-100），值越高表示依从性越好。通过分析筛选评分是否具有变量分布，是否与验证评分相关，是否区分已知饮食质量差异的组，是否与验证评分一致来检验结构效度。结果参与者平均年龄为47.6（±16.9）岁，68%为非西班牙裔白人，53%为女性，体重指数（BMI）为28.9 kg/m2。DASH筛查评分和验证DASH评分的均值（SD）分别为47.0（14.7）和23.8（5.2）。结构效度的要素表现为总得分和大部分成分得分之间的强相关性（r = 0.62 - 1.00, P< 0.0001），区分已知组差异的能力，以及两个得分之间的强一致性（κ = 0.62, P< 0.0001）。在敏感性分析中，去除钠成分改善了总分的相关性（r = 0.73）和一致性（κ = 0.64）。结论简要的DASH饮食筛选具有跨4个域的结构效度。未来的研究需要更好地估计盐摄入量和评估筛检的预测有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Contents Are Associated with Maternal and Infant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort 人乳常量营养素和能量含量与母婴因素相关：日本人乳研究队列数据的横断面分析

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107579

Keisuke Nojiri , Kyoko Nomura , Tomoki Takahashi , Yuta Tsujimori , Takehiko Yasueda , Satoshi Higurashi

Background

Human milk (HM) macronutrients are vital for infant growth and development; their composition may vary according to maternal and infant characteristics and differ across populations. However, the wide range of maternal and infant factors affecting HM macronutrient content among Japanese mothers has not been sufficiently evaluated.

Objectives

We comprehensively examined the factors associated with the macronutrient content of mature HM in a cross-sectional analysis of a large Japanese cohort.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from the Japanese HM Study cohort (n = 1071). Macronutrient and energy contents were assessed in mature HM samples collected at an average of 2 mo postpartum. Maternal and infant factors were obtained via self-reported questionnaires. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify associations between these factors and HM macronutrient and energy contents.

Results

Multivariable linear regression revealed significant associations between HM composition and several maternal and infant factors. True protein content was negatively associated with days postpartum [days; partial regression coefficient (B) = −0.0036, P < 0.001] and exclusive breastfeeding (B = −0.1045, P < 0.001). Carbohydrate content was positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding (B = 0.0963, P < 0.001). Fat content had a positive association with maternal overweight or obesity (B = 0.4648, P = 0.008) and negative associations with birth weight (g; B = −0.0002, P = 0.043) and days postpartum (days; B = −0.0103, P < 0.001). Crude protein and energy contents showed patterns similar to those of true protein and fat, respectively.

Conclusions

For Japanese mothers, the macronutrient and energy contents of mature HM were associated with exclusive breastfeeding, maternal overweight or obesity, infant birth weight, and days postpartum.

This trial was registered at https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000017649 as UMIN000015494.

母乳中的常量营养素对婴儿的生长发育至关重要；它们的组成可能因母亲和婴儿的特征而异，并因人群而异。然而，影响日本母亲HM宏量营养素含量的广泛的母婴因素尚未得到充分的评估。目的：通过对日本大型队列的横断面分析，我们全面研究了与成熟HM宏量营养素含量相关的因素。方法采用日本HM研究队列（n = 1071）的基线数据进行横断面分析。在平均产后2个月收集的成熟HM样品中评估常量营养素和能量含量。母亲和婴儿因素通过自我报告问卷获得。线性回归分析确定这些因素与HM宏量营养素和能量含量之间的关系。结果多变量线性回归结果显示HM组成与多个母婴因素有显著相关性。真蛋白质含量与产后天数呈负相关；偏回归系数(B) = - 0.0036, P <； 0.001]和纯母乳喂养（B = - 0.1045, P < 0.001）。碳水化合物含量与纯母乳喂养呈正相关（B = 0.0963, P < 0.001）。脂肪含量与母亲超重或肥胖呈正相关（B = 0.4648, P = 0.008），与出生体重（g; B = - 0.0002, P = 0.043）和产后天数（d; B = - 0.0103, P < 0.001）呈负相关。粗蛋白质和能量含量分别与真蛋白质和真脂肪含量相似。结论对日本母亲来说，成熟HM的常量营养素和能量含量与纯母乳喂养、母亲超重或肥胖、婴儿出生体重和产后天数有关。该试验在https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000017649注册为UMIN000015494。

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引用次数: 0

Inadequate Status of Multiple B Vitamins is Common Among Women in Oromia Region, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚地区的妇女普遍缺乏多种B族维生素

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107578

Christine M McDonald , Masresha Tessema , Isaac Agbemafle , Meseret Woldeyohannes , Mengistu Fereja , Kerry S Jones , Charles D Arnold , Biniyam Tesfaye , Mandana Arabi , Homero Martinez , Kenneth H Brown

The true burden of micronutrient deficiencies among women of reproductive age (WRA) in many resource-limited settings is likely underestimated, as data on several “neglected micronutrients” remain sparse. We used data from a cross-sectional survey of 100 nonpregnant WRA in the region of Oromia, Ethiopia to describe the prevalence of various micronutrient deficiencies and other indicators of nutritional status. The prevalences of anemia (hemoglobin < 13.4 g/dL, adjusted for altitude) and iron deficiency (inflammation-adjusted serum ferritin < 15 ug/L) were 7.1% and 4.0%, respectively. However, 100.0% of females were deficient in riboflavin [erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac) > 1.4], and the prevalences of thiamine insufficiency [erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient (ETKac) 1.15–1.25], folate insufficiency [red blood cell (RBC) folate < 748 nmol/L], and vitamin B12 insufficiency (serum B12 < 221 pmol/L) were 38.8%, 96.0%, and 52.6%, respectively. Future surveys should include a more comprehensive assessment of B vitamins to corroborate these findings and inform the design of appropriate interventions to improve status.

在许多资源有限的环境中，育龄妇女微量营养素缺乏的真正负担可能被低估了，因为关于几种“被忽视的微量营养素”的数据仍然很少。我们使用了来自埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚地区100名未怀孕WRA的横断面调查数据，以描述各种微量营养素缺乏症的流行程度和其他营养状况指标。贫血（血红蛋白13.4 g/dL，根据海拔调整）和缺铁（炎症调整血清铁蛋白15 ug/L）的患病率分别为7.1%和4.0%。然而，100.0%的女性缺乏核黄素[红细胞谷胱甘肽还原酶激活系数（EGRac） > 1.4]，硫胺素不足[红细胞转酮酶活性系数（ETKac） 1.15-1.25]，叶酸不足[红细胞叶酸<； 748 nmol/L]和维生素B12不足（血清B12 <； 221 pmol/L）的患病率分别为38.8%，96.0%和52.6%。未来的调查应包括对B族维生素更全面的评估，以证实这些发现，并告知设计适当的干预措施以改善状况。

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引用次数: 0

Applying a Robust Deep Learning Model to Assess the Remaining Amount of Foods With High Glycemic Index in Taiwanese Hospital Diabetic Meals: A Focus on Rice and Congee, With Milk as a Low-Glycemic Reference 应用稳健深度学习模型评估台湾医院糖尿病患者膳食中高血糖指数食物的剩余量：以米饭和粥为重点，以牛奶为低血糖参考

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107569

Hsien-Yu Fan , Pey-Rong Chen , Ya-Ting Kuo , Yu-Tien Chang , Kuo-Liong Chien , Yung-Chi Lu , Shih-Lin Hung , Shih-Ming Chuang , Ying-Yueh Chu

Background and Objective

Building on our previous success in artificial intelligence–driven food classification, this study aims to enhance portion size estimation methods, with a particular focus on rice and congee, using milk as a low-glycemic index reference in selected Taiwanese hospitals.

Methods

We used a RealSense D435i depth camera to capture both 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) images of rice, congee, and milk served in standard hospital bowls. The images were labeled and classified by a convolutional neural network, Xception, whereas food weight and volume were estimated using 25 depth points with multiple perceptron (MLP) models. MLP models were trained on 80% of the data set and tested on the remaining 20%, with predictions refined through a weighted ensemble of selected MLP models. We validated the MLP model performance through 3 comparisons: 1) MLP with traditional statistical methods (linear regression), 2) MLP with clinical dietitians, and 3) MLP performance across 3 different hospital settings.

Results

The Xception model accurately identified foods with high glycemic index and recognized milk as a low-glycemic reference, achieving a training accuracy of 1.0 with the loss approaching zero by epoch 22. Test accuracy stabilized early with consistently low loss. MLP models effectively predicted food weights, with models E, F, and G yielding the lowest mean squared errors for rice, congee, and milk, respectively. Across all food types, MLP models consistently outperformed traditional linear regression, showing lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE: 0.3%–3.3%) than linear regression (MAPE: 4%–9.2%). When compared with estimates from 6 experienced dietitians (MAPE: 39%–41%), the MLP models also demonstrated markedly higher accuracy. Performance remained stable across 3 hospital sites, indicating strong generalizability.

Conclusions

The Xception and MLP models effectively quantify foods with high glycemic index and identify milk as a low-glycemic reference, demonstrating strong predictive performance and generalizability. Further studies are warranted to extend this approach to other food types.

背景与目的基于我们先前在人工智能驱动的食物分类方面取得的成功，本研究旨在增强份量估计方法，特别关注大米和粥，并在选定的台湾医院使用牛奶作为低血糖指数参考。方法采用RealSense D435i深度相机拍摄医院标准碗中米饭、粥和牛奶的二维和三维图像。图像通过卷积神经网络Xception进行标记和分类，而食物的重量和体积则使用多感知器（MLP）模型使用25个深度点进行估计。MLP模型在80%的数据集上进行训练，并在剩下的20%上进行测试，通过选择的MLP模型的加权集合来改进预测。我们通过3个比较验证了MLP模型的性能：1)MLP与传统统计方法（线性回归），2)MLP与临床营养师，3)MLP在3个不同医院环境中的表现。结果exception模型准确识别了高血糖指数食物，并将牛奶识别为低血糖参考，训练准确率为1.0，到epoch 22时损失接近于零。测试精度很早就稳定下来，损耗一直很低。MLP模型有效地预测了食物的重量，模型E、F和G分别对大米、粥和牛奶产生了最小的均方误差。在所有食品类型中，MLP模型始终优于传统线性回归，其平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE: 0.3%-3.3%）低于线性回归（MAPE: 4%-9.2%）。与6位经验丰富的营养师（MAPE: 39%-41%）的估计相比，MLP模型也显示出明显更高的准确性。3个医院站点的性能保持稳定，表明具有很强的通用性。结论exception和MLP模型可有效量化高血糖指数食物，并将牛奶作为低血糖参考，具有较强的预测性能和可推广性。进一步的研究需要将这种方法扩展到其他食物类型。

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引用次数: 0

A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Partially Hydrolyzed Formula on Comfort Measures in Fussy Infants 部分水解配方奶粉对婴儿舒适度的随机对照试验

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107574

Veronica Fabrizio , Michelle M Bohan Brown , Philip Boucher , Shameza Boyd , Sisi Cao , Christopher Davis , Swati Johnson , Nafees Khan , Nancy Moore , Katosha Muse , Fred Ogwara , Ashley C Patterson , Jennifer L Wampler , Michael Yeiser , Weihong Zhuang , Steven S Wu

Background

Parent-reported fussiness and crying are common during early infancy and may be alleviated by switching the formula for infants who are formula fed.

Objectives

This study evaluated the nutritive effects of a partially hydrolyzed cow milk protein (PHP) formula with an added prebiotic blend on parent/caregiver-reported fussiness and other measures of comfort in infants with perceived fussiness.

Methods

Infants (15–75 d of age) exclusively receiving a commercial intact protein infant formula and rated moderately, very, or extremely fussy were randomized to receive intact cow milk protein formula (control, n = 73) or investigational PHP formula (INV-PHP, n = 76). Both formulas had a prebiotic blend of polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides (1:1, 4 g/L). Parent-reported outcomes at baseline (D0), end of study feeding day 1 (D1), and daily over the 28-d study feeding were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

Of 149 infants randomly assigned, 127 completed study feeding (control, n = 65; INV-PHP, n = 62). The primary outcome of parent-reported fussiness was not different between groups. Among secondary outcomes between the groups, there was a significant decrease in crying throughout the study (weeks 1–4; P = 0.01) and significantly fewer infants who experienced excessive crying during the study (weeks 1, 2, and 4; P ≤ 0.045). Formula intake was not different between groups. Incidences of adverse events were low with no significant group differences. On post hoc analysis, within each group, fussiness, gassiness, and spit-up significantly decreased from D0 to D1 (P < 0.001) and was maintained through study end (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In infants with parent-perceived fussiness, a partially hydrolyzed cow milk protein formula with an added prebiotic blend, INV-PHP, does not decrease fussiness when compared with control formula but does reduce crying and excessive crying.

The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05245422.

背景：在婴儿早期，父母报告的烦躁和哭闹是很常见的，可以通过改变配方奶喂养的婴儿的配方奶来缓解。目的：本研究评估了添加益生元混合物的部分水解牛奶蛋白（PHP）配方奶对父母/照顾者报告的烦躁和其他舒适度的影响。方法15-75日龄的婴儿（15-75日龄）只接受商业完整蛋白婴儿配方奶粉，并被评为中度、非常和极度挑剔，随机分为完整牛奶蛋白配方奶粉（对照组，n = 73）和研究用PHP配方奶粉（INV-PHP, n = 76）。两种配方均含有聚葡萄糖和低聚半乳糖的益生元混合物（1:1,4 g/L）。使用重复测量方差分析分析父母报告的基线（D0）、研究喂养第1天结束（D1）和28天研究喂养的每日结果。结果在随机分配的149名婴儿中，127名完成了研究喂养（对照组，n = 65; INV-PHP, n = 62）。父母报告的焦虑的主要结果在两组之间没有差异。在两组间的次要结局中，哭闹在整个研究期间显著减少（1 - 4周，P = 0.01），在研究期间出现过度哭闹的婴儿显著减少（1、2和4周，P≤0.045）。各组之间配方奶粉的摄入量没有差异。不良事件发生率较低，组间无显著差异。在事后分析中，在每个组内，烦躁、放屁和呕吐从D1到D0显著减少（P < 0.001），并保持到研究结束（P < 0.001）。结论部分水解牛奶蛋白配方奶粉中添加益生元混合物vv - php与对照配方奶粉相比，不能减少婴儿的哭闹，但可以减少哭闹和过度哭闹。该研究已在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT05245422。

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Partially Hydrolyzed Formula on Comfort Measures in Fussy Infants","authors":"Veronica Fabrizio , Michelle M Bohan Brown , Philip Boucher , Shameza Boyd , Sisi Cao , Christopher Davis , Swati Johnson , Nafees Khan , Nancy Moore , Katosha Muse , Fred Ogwara , Ashley C Patterson , Jennifer L Wampler , Michael Yeiser , Weihong Zhuang , Steven S Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Parent-reported fussiness and crying are common during early infancy and may be alleviated by switching the formula for infants who are formula fed.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated the nutritive effects of a partially hydrolyzed cow milk protein (PHP) formula with an added prebiotic blend on parent/caregiver-reported fussiness and other measures of comfort in infants with perceived fussiness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Infants (15–75 d of age) exclusively receiving a commercial intact protein infant formula and rated moderately, very, or extremely fussy were randomized to receive intact cow milk protein formula (control, <em>n</em> = 73) or investigational PHP formula (INV-PHP, <em>n</em> = 76). Both formulas had a prebiotic blend of polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides (1:1, 4 g/L). Parent-reported outcomes at baseline (D0), end of study feeding day 1 (D1), and daily over the 28-d study feeding were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 149 infants randomly assigned, 127 completed study feeding (control, <em>n</em> = 65; INV-PHP, <em>n</em> = 62). The primary outcome of parent-reported fussiness was not different between groups. Among secondary outcomes between the groups, there was a significant decrease in crying throughout the study (weeks 1–4; <em>P</em> = 0.01) and significantly fewer infants who experienced excessive crying during the study (weeks 1, 2, and 4; <em>P</em> ≤ 0.045). Formula intake was not different between groups. Incidences of adverse events were low with no significant group differences. On post hoc analysis, within each group, fussiness, gassiness, and spit-up significantly decreased from D0 to D1 (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and was maintained through study end (<em>P</em> < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In infants with parent-perceived fussiness, a partially hydrolyzed cow milk protein formula with an added prebiotic blend, INV-PHP, does not decrease fussiness when compared with control formula but does reduce crying and excessive crying.</div><div>The study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05245422.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Diets Containing Beef Compared with Poultry on Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Other Cardiometabolic Health Indicators in Males and Females with Prediabetes: A Randomized, Crossover Trial 一项随机交叉试验：饲粮中添加牛肉对男性和女性前驱糖尿病患者胰腺β细胞功能和其他心脏代谢健康指标的影响

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107589

Elizabeth Guzman , Indika Edirisinghe , Meredith L Wilcox , Carol F Kirkpatrick , Caryn G Adams , Britt M Burton-Freeman , Kevin C Maki

Background

The results of randomized controlled trials generally indicate that red meat intake, or beef specifically, has no impact on potential mechanisms that increase risk of type 2 diabetes, such as reduced insulin sensitivity. However, there have been limited studies conducted to assess the impact of red meat, including beef intake, on pancreatic β-cell function.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of beef intake compared with poultry intake on pancreatic β-cell function, other indicators of glucose homeostasis, glucoregulatory hormone responses, lipoprotein lipids, and biomarkers of inflammation in adults with prediabetes.

Methods

This randomized crossover study included adults with overweight or obesity and prediabetes. The participants completed two 28-d treatment periods, separated by a 28-d washout period. Participants were provided entrées with beef or poultry (6–7 oz/d) to consume during the conditions and were otherwise instructed to maintain their habitual dietary pattern during the treatment and washout periods. The primary outcome was pancreatic β-cell function assessed as the ratio of the incremental areas under the curve (iAUC)_{0–180 min} for C-peptide to glucose. Secondary outcomes were fasting and postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Effects on fasting lipoprotein lipid levels were an exploratory outcome.

Results

Twenty-nine adults were randomized after screening for inclusion, of which 24 participants (17 males, 7 females) completed the trial. The results indicated no significant differences between beef and poultry for iAUC C-peptide_{0–180 min}/iAUC glucose_{0–180 min} or any of the secondary and exploratory outcomes.

Conclusions

Compared with poultry, consumption of beef for 28 d did not produce adverse effects on pancreatic β-cell function, other indicators of glucose homeostasis, lipoprotein lipids, or biomarkers of inflammation.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05456477 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05456477).

随机对照试验的结果普遍表明，摄入红肉，特别是牛肉，对增加2型糖尿病风险的潜在机制（如降低胰岛素敏感性）没有影响。然而，对红肉（包括牛肉摄入）对胰腺β细胞功能的影响进行评估的研究有限。本研究的目的是研究牛肉摄入量与家禽摄入量对糖尿病前期成人胰腺β细胞功能、其他葡萄糖稳态指标、血糖调节激素反应、脂蛋白脂质和炎症生物标志物的影响。方法这项随机交叉研究纳入了超重或肥胖和前驱糖尿病的成年人。参与者完成了两个28天的治疗期，中间有一个28天的洗脱期。在实验期间，研究人员为参与者提供牛肉或家禽（6-7盎司/天）供他们食用，并指示他们在治疗和洗脱期保持习惯的饮食模式。主要终点是胰腺β细胞功能，以0-180分钟c肽与葡萄糖的曲线下增量面积（iAUC）之比评估。次要结局是空腹和餐后血糖、胰岛素、c肽、胰高血糖素、胰高血糖素样肽-1、葡萄糖依赖的促胰岛素多肽、高敏c反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α的水平。对空腹脂蛋白脂水平的影响是一个探索性结果。结果筛选入组29例成人，其中24例（男17例，女7例）完成试验。结果表明，牛肉和家禽的iAUC c肽0 - 180分钟/iAUC葡萄糖0 - 180分钟或任何次要和探索性结果均无显著差异。结论与家禽相比，食用牛肉28 d不会对胰腺β细胞功能、其他葡萄糖稳态指标、脂蛋白脂或炎症生物标志物产生不利影响。该试验在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT05456477 （https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05456477）。

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引用次数: 0

Mixed Milk Feeding Patterns and Growth Outcomes During the First Year of Life in Asian Infants: Application of Predefined Feeding Clusters to Test Associations 混合母乳喂养模式和亚洲婴儿第一年的生长结果：应用预先定义的喂养集群来测试关联

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107565

Liandre Frances van der Merwe , Kelly A Mulder , Floor M van Oudenhoven , Lynette P Shek , Oon Hoe Teoh , Wei Wei Pang

Background

Varying definitions have been used to categorize mixed milk feeding (MMF) patterns in studies focused on feeding and infant growth, posing a challenge when making comparisons and interpretations. Furthermore, MMF encompasses vastly heterogeneous and evolving feeding behaviors that are difficult to standardize longitudinally.

Objectives

We previously described a new approach for describing MMF patterns across the first year, using a multivariate clustering algorithm. In the current article, we aimed to describe the associated infant growth patterns across these identified feeding clusters in an Asian clinical study (N = 539).

Methods

Using a linear mixed-effects model that included infant covariates, we estimated the associations between the different feeding clusters and longitudinal growth outcomes, including weight, length and BMI-for-age z-scores.

Results

The cluster division explained a statistically significant amount of variation in growth trajectories, over and above the variation explained by included covariates. Differences in weight and length trajectories were observed between the clusters; the more breastfeeding that was included in a cluster, the closer the growth pattern resembled that of the breastfed reference group. No distinct differences in BMI trajectories were apparent within the first year of life. Mean weight-for-age z-scores per cluster all fell within ±0.5 SD of the WHO standard, indicative for adequate growth.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that our previously defined milk feeding clusters can discriminate growth trajectories between the different feeding groups in the studied population. This confirms that our proposed approach has the potential to bring more precision to future studies examining associations between milk feeding patterns and growth (and potentially other health) outcomes in the first year of life across different populations. Conclusions on a causal effect of feeding characteristics should be made with caution because of the observational and exploratory nature of the analysis.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01609634.

在以喂养和婴儿生长为重点的研究中，混合奶喂养（MMF）模式的分类使用了不同的定义，这在进行比较和解释时提出了挑战。此外，MMF包含了大量的异质和进化的摄食行为，这些行为很难纵向标准化。我们之前描述了一种描述第一年MMF模式的新方法，使用多变量聚类算法。在当前的文章中，我们旨在描述亚洲临床研究中这些确定的喂养群中相关的婴儿生长模式（N = 539）。方法使用包含婴儿协变量的线性混合效应模型，我们估计了不同喂养群与纵向生长结果之间的关系，包括体重、身高和bmi年龄z分数。结果聚类划分解释了统计上显著的增长轨迹变化，超过了包含协变量解释的变化。在簇之间观察到重量和长度轨迹的差异；一个组中包含的母乳喂养越多，其生长模式就越接近母乳喂养参照组。在生命的第一年里，BMI轨迹没有明显的差异。每组平均年龄加权z分数均落在世卫组织标准的±0.5 SD范围内，表明有足够的增长。结论本研究结果表明，我们先前定义的牛奶喂养群可以区分不同喂养组的生长轨迹。这证实了我们提出的方法有可能为未来的研究带来更精确的结果，研究不同人群中母乳喂养模式与出生后第一年的生长（以及潜在的其他健康）结果之间的关系。由于分析的观察性和探索性，对饲养特性的因果关系的结论应谨慎。该试验在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT01609634。

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引用次数: 0

Performance Evaluation of 3 Large Language Models for Nutritional Content Estimation from Food Images 食品图像营养成分估计的3种大型语言模型性能评价

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107556

Jonatan Fridolfsson , Emma Sjöberg , Meri Thiwång , Stefan Pettersson

Background

Traditional dietary assessment methods face limitations including recall bias, participant burden, and portion size estimation errors. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly multimodal large language models (LLMs), offer potential solutions for automated nutritional analysis from food images.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of 3 leading LLMs (ChatGPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Gemini 1.5 Pro) in estimating food weight, energy content, and macronutrient composition from standardized food photographs.

Methods

We analyzed 52 standardized food photographs including individual food components (n = 16) and complete meals (n = 36) in 3 portion sizes (small, medium, large). Each model received identical prompts to identify food components and estimate nutritional content using visible cutlery and plates as size references. Model estimates were compared against reference values obtained through direct weighing and nutritional database analysis (Dietist NET). Performance metrics included mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), Pearson correlations, and systematic bias analysis using Bland–Altman plots.

Results

ChatGPT and Claude demonstrated similar accuracy with MAPE values of 36.3% and 37.3% for weight estimation, and 35.8% for energy estimation. Gemini showed substantially higher errors across all nutrients (MAPE 64.2%–109.9%). Correlations between model estimates and reference values ranged from 0.65 to 0.81 for ChatGPT and Claude, compared with 0.58–0.73 for Gemini. All models exhibited systematic underestimation that increased with portion size, with bias slopes ranging from –0.23 to –0.50.

Conclusions

ChatGPT and Claude achieved accuracy levels comparable with traditional self-reported dietary assessment methods but without associated user burden, suggesting potential utility as dietary monitoring tools. However, systematic underestimation of large portions and high variability in macronutrient estimation indicate these general-purpose LLMs are not yet suitable for precise dietary assessment in clinical or athletic populations where accurate quantification is critical.

传统的饮食评估方法存在回忆偏倚、参与者负担和分量估计误差等局限性。人工智能的最新进展，特别是多模态大语言模型（llm），为食品图像的自动营养分析提供了潜在的解决方案。本研究旨在评估和比较3种领先的LLMs （chatgpt - 40、Claude 3.5 Sonnet和Gemini 1.5 Pro）在从标准化食品照片中估计食物重量、能量含量和宏量营养素组成方面的性能。方法对52张标准化食品照片进行分析，包括单个食品成分（n = 16）和全餐（n = 36），分为小、中、大3种份量。每个模型都收到了相同的提示，以识别食物成分和估计营养成分，使用可见的餐具和盘子作为尺寸参考。将模型估计值与通过直接称重和营养数据库分析（Dietist NET）获得的参考值进行比较。性能指标包括平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）、Pearson相关性和使用Bland-Altman图的系统偏差分析。结果schatgpt和Claude的准确率相近，MAPE对权重估计的准确率分别为36.3%和37.3%，对能量估计的准确率为35.8%。Gemini在所有营养成分上的误差要高得多（MAPE为64.2%-109.9%）。ChatGPT和Claude的模型估计值与参考值之间的相关性为0.65 - 0.81，而Gemini的模型估计值为0.58-0.73。所有模型均表现出系统性低估，其偏倚斜率范围为-0.23 ~ -0.50。结论schatgpt和Claude达到了与传统的自我报告饮食评估方法相当的准确性水平，但没有相关的用户负担，提示作为饮食监测工具的潜在效用。然而，对大份量的系统性低估和大量营养素估计的高度可变性表明，这些通用llm尚不适合用于临床或运动人群的精确饮食评估，因为精确量化是至关重要的。

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引用次数: 0