Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Azolla spp and Hermetia illucens Meals as Main Protein Sources for Rabbit Nutrition: Impact on Feed Quality, Growth Performance, and Meat Quality","authors":"Eyitayo Azaratou Ogbon ,&nbsp;Arnette Balè ,&nbsp;Carline Santos ,&nbsp;Louckman Monra Seïdou ,&nbsp;Daniel Dzepe ,&nbsp;Justin G Behanzin ,&nbsp;Rousseau Djouaka","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Good-quality feed is essential for successful livestock production and for ensuring the distribution of high-quality, safe animal products.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated the impact of using Azolla and black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meals as the main protein ingredients in formulated rabbit feed on the quality of the feed and the meat produced.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three isocaloric diets were formulated: Az_diet (Azolla meal as the main protein source), BSF_diet (BSF larvae meal as the main protein source), and SM_diet (soybean meal as the main protein source). A palatability test was carried out on 5 feeds: Az_diet, BSF_diet, SM_diet, live BSF larvae, and fresh Azolla leaves. These feeds were offered to 5 rabbits (aged 12 wk) for 10 d in a free-choice test. The growth test was carried out on 36 rabbits aged 5–6 wk. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 12 and fed 1 of the 3 diets (Az_diet, BSF_diet, or SM_diet) ad libitum for 42 d. The measured parameters were feed quality and health quality of rabbit meat.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The result test showed that the SM_diet was the most palatable for the rabbits, representing 82.03% of the feed consumed during the free-choice feeding test. No mortality or significant differences in feed intake were recorded for the 3 treatments. The BSF_diet treatment resulted in significantly higher weight gain (1012.5 ± 170.13 g). The Az_diet had the highest protein digestibility (80.39 ± 2.08%). The nutritional composition of the hind leg meat of rabbits was similar for the 3 diets. No lead or cadmium was detected in the hind leg meat of rabbits fed the 3 diets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study, using Azolla and BSF larvae meal as the main source of dietary protein did not negatively affect feed quality, rabbit growth, or rabbit meat quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network-Based Multiomic Nutrient-Associated Predictive Models for Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Martine Saint-Cyr ,&nbsp;Evaniya Shakya ,&nbsp;Janet C Siebert ,&nbsp;Emily B Hill ,&nbsp;Nancy F Krebs ,&nbsp;Edwin deZoeten ,&nbsp;Sarah J Borengasser","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease involving a complex interplay between host physiology, the gut microbiome, and environmental factors such as diet and nutrition. Multiomic analyses may help to identify potential nutrient-associated omic predictors of IBD, allowing for the design of targeted dietary approaches for disease prevention and management.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our objective was to apply the bioinformatics tool, Consolidated Analysis of Network Topology and Regression Elements (CANTARE), to an integrated multiomics dataset to generate nutrient-associated predictive models for IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We previously used a published data set of microbiome relative abundance (mb), untargeted metabolomics (met), and microbial-derived enzymes (e) in stool samples from 153 adults (IBD = 111, healthy control = 42) to build a network of cross-omic relationships that differed by IBD status. We now revisit this network to identify diet-associated predictive models of IBD using linear regression via the CANTARE workflow.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The network included 20 literature-supported nutrient-associated predictors across 3 subnetworks. We created 1 predictive model from each subnetwork. These models (M1, M2, and M3) contained 3, 4, and 11 predictors, respectively. Model performance was high, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87, 0.90, and 0.95 and pseudo-<em>R</em>² of 0.42, 0.55, and 0.71 (all permutation <em>P</em> values &lt; 0.001) for M1, M2, and M3, respectively. Some metabolites, such as histamine, were associated with greater odds of IBD, whereas others, such as ascorbate (vitamin C), pyridoxamine (vitamin B6), and choline, were associated with lower odds of IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CANTARE provides an unbiased and comprehensive strategy that can integrate multiple omics to identify potential nutrient-associated predictors of IBD. Our models support the generation of hypotheses for follow-up targeted investigation in future dietary interventions for the management of IBD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol of a Series of N-of-1 trials for Exploring Personalized Blood Glucose Responses to Different Staple Foods in Patients with Diabetes","authors":"Yuyang Wang ,&nbsp;Yuexiao Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng Li ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Duan ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Guo ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhu ,&nbsp;Baoming Li ,&nbsp;Defu Ma ,&nbsp;Jing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Effective control of postprandial glucose responses (PPGRs) is essential for managing the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Carbohydrate-rich staple foods are known to induce significant variability in PPGR among individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the personalized PPGR to various staple foods among patients with diabetes using an <em>N</em>-of-1 trial design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A single-center, randomized, crossover <em>N</em>-of-1 trial is planned. Participants will receive 5 different staple foods (white rice, germ rice, brown rice, rice noodles, and pasta) 3 times in a randomized order. Continuous glucose monitoring will track PPGR at 5-min intervals. The primary outcome will be the postprandial blood glucose peak. The Bayesian analysis will be conducted at both individual and group levels to access the PPGR for staple foods.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>By using the <em>N</em>-of-1 trial methodology, this study is anticipated to reveal substantial interindividual variations in PPGR and to identify staple foods that are most effective in stabilizing blood glucose concentrations for individual patients, providing insights into personalized nutritional management for T2DM.</div><div>This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register as ChiCTR2400090138 (24 September, 2024).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, Reproducibility, and Validity of a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Use among the Adult Population in Reunion Island","authors":"Eric O. Verger ,&nbsp;Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ,&nbsp;Sarah Amiri ,&nbsp;Noah Nourly ,&nbsp;Magali Tarnus ,&nbsp;Julie Gauvreau-Béziat ,&nbsp;Laure Du Chaffaut ,&nbsp;Marine Oseredczuk ,&nbsp;Benjamin Allès ,&nbsp;Caroline Méjean","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To date, there is no specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary habits in any of the French overseas regions.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to describe the development of a culture and context-specific semiquantitative FFQ for use among the adult population in Reunion Island, to assess its reproducibility and its relative validity compared with 24-h dietary recalls (DRs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The CARI (observatoire des Comportements Alimentaires à la RéunIon) FFQ was adapted from the NutriNet-Santé FFQ, with a revised list of 181 food and beverage items reflecting local dietary practices and nutritional concerns. To assess its reproducibility, the FFQ was administered twice, 4 wk apart, to a purposive sample of 108 adults in Reunion Island. During the same period, participants also completed a weekly DR to evaluate the FFQ’s validity. Reproducibility and validity were assessed for 18 food groups, energy, and 38 nutrients using correlations, cross-classification, and weighted κ.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regarding reproducibility, we found a median rank correlation of 0.56 (nutrients) and 0.64 (food groups). Most participants were correctly classified with a median of 78% (nutrients) and 83% (food group), whereas gross misclassification was low (2.8% and 0.9%, respectively). We found a median weighted κ of 0.44 (nutrients) and 0.47 (food groups). Regarding validity, we found a median crude rank correlation of 0.51 (nutrients) and 0.43 (food groups). Most participants were correctly classified with a median agreement of 71% for nutrients and of 68% for food groups, whereas gross misclassification was low (1.9% and 0.9%, respectively). We found a median weighted κ of 0.32 (nutrients) and 0.27 (food groups).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CARI FFQ has a moderate to good level of validity for ranking food and nutrient intakes, and a good level of reproducibility, supporting its use for dietary assessment in Reunion Island.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Added Sugar Sources and Their Impact on Diet Quality and Nutrient Intakes: An Analysis Across Added Sugar Intake Levels in United States Children and Adults","authors":"Michelle Tucker ,&nbsp;Bibiana Garcia-Jackson ,&nbsp;Victor L Fulgoni III","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Added sugars (AS) are considered free sugars that are added to foods, and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020‒2025 recommend limiting their intake to &lt;10% calories.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate diet quality and nutrient adequacy at increasing AS intake levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two-day 24-h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018 were used for intake assessment, and AS intake categories were defined as &lt;10%, 10–15% and &gt;15% of calories from AS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>About one-third of the children were in each AS intake category, although nearly half of the adult population was in the &lt;10% calories from AS category, and the mean AS intake was 13.4% calories in children and 12.2% calories in adults. With increasing AS calories, diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2020 scores), and intakes and adequacies for nutrients of public health concern (calcium, vitamin D, fiber, and potassium), and numerous other nutrients decreased among both children and adults. “Soft drinks,” “fruit drinks,” “tea,” “cookies and brownies,” “cakes and pies,” “ice creams and frozen dairy desserts,” and “candies” were consistently among the top 10 sources of AS for both children and adults. The top 10 sources of AS contributed ∼70% of AS in the diets of children and adults, but only 8‒11% and 2‒7% of daily intakes of nutrients of public health concern, respectively. Ready-to-eat cereals were the fourth and the ninth sources of AS and provided 6.1% and 3.1% AS, and 2.7‒9.9% and 1.5‒6.4% nutrients of public health concern in the diet. With increasing AS calories, the contribution of “soft drinks,” “fruit drinks,” and “tea” to AS increased, whereas the contribution of ready-to-eat cereals to AS decreased in both children and adults, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher AS intakes were associated with lower diet quality, lower nutrient intakes, and lower nutrient adequacy in both children and adults; however, recommendations to reduce AS should focus on reducing AS from non-nutrient-dense sources, while recognizing the nutrient contributions of nutrient-dense foods and beverages containing AS. These findings can provide useful insights for policy and regulatory development related to nutrition and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess the Cognitive, Behavioral, and Environmental Factors Related to Sodium Intake in Adult Canadians: The Behavioral Assessment Instrument for Dietary Sodium","authors":"Rola Al Ghali ,&nbsp;Michael Prashad ,&nbsp;Wendy Lou ,&nbsp;JoAnne Arcand","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High sodium intake is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, with most Canadians exceeding recommended levels. Population-wide sodium-reduction interventions include monitoring sodium knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors as a core activity. However, there is a lack of developed instruments incorporating qualitative research and behavioral theories, accompanied by robust validation methods and psychometric testing.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive instrument, the Behavioral Assessment Instrument for dietary Sodium (BAIS), assessing cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences on sodium intake among Canadian adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Item development was informed by a prior national sodium survey, a Canadian qualitative study, relevant literature, and behavioral theories. Content validity was assessed by 11 experts over 2 rounds and evaluated by computing the content validity index (CVI) for individual items and scale average (S-CVI/Ave). Face validity was verified through one-on-one interviews with 10 Canadian adults (&gt;18 y). Item response theory (IRT) assessed knowledge items, whereas exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) validated the remaining constructs (<em>n =</em> 3236; 51.2% women; mean age 49.5 ± 17.7 y). Reliability analyses included intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for ordinal questions, Gwet’s first-order agreement coefficient (AC1) for binary questions, and Cronbach’s alpha.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Expert review led to iterative revisions, with round 2 achieving S-CVI/Ave = 1, indicating high content validity. Cognitive interviews (50% male, 23–62 y) confirmed item clarity. IRT results showed acceptable difficulty and discrimination of knowledge variables. EFA and CFA supported a 6-factor structure: Nutrition labeling behaviors, Hedonic influences, perceived control and self-efficacy, priority and concern, delayed concern, and sodium-reduction practices. Internal consistency ranged from acceptable to excellent. ICC was moderate for most ordinal variables, and AC1 was moderate to very good.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The BAIS represents the first validated Canadian instrument to assess multidimensional, theory-based drivers of sodium intake, supporting improved surveillance, policy development, and targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study of the Nutrient Composition Diversity Index in a Sample of Healthy United States Adults Shows Positive Associations with Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Micronutrient Adequacy","authors":"Zachary P Gersten ,&nbsp;Stephanie MG Wilson ,&nbsp;Jules A Larke ,&nbsp;Danielle G Lemay ,&nbsp;Bess L Caswell","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary diversity is an important component of dietary quality. The Nutrient Composition Diversity Index (NCDI) is a dietary diversity metric that quantifies dissimilarity among foods in a diet based on nutrient content. Research has yet to assess NCDI using an extensive food composition database and repeated 24-h dietary intake data or to test its associations with other aspects of dietary quality among United States adults.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to describe NCDI constructed from dietary data collected over 2 quantitative 24-h recalls in a sample of healthy United States adults and to assess its relationships with adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and micronutrient intake adequacy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed cross-sectional dietary data from 377 participants (strata balanced for sex, age, and body mass index). Individual NCDI was scored using a dendrogram of 5628 foods and 30 nutrients from USDA food composition tables. We calculated usual NCDI to account for within-person dietary variability. Mean-standardized usual NCDI was compared with the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, HEI-2015 dietary components, and mean probability of adequacy for 17 vitamins and minerals in linear regression models, and with nutrient intakes using Pearson correlations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean usual NCDI for the sample was 2.1% (standard deviation: 0.60), with an observed range of 0.81% to 4.0%; 70% of participants scored in the same or adjacent quintile of individual NCDI for their 2 recalls. NCDI was positively associated with HEI-2015 and with several HEI component scores while adjusting for total HEI-2015 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). NCDI was also positively associated with nutrient intakes and with mean probability of adequacy in bivariate and energy-adjusted models (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NCDI measures the dissimilarity dimension of dietary diversity and shows expected day-to-day variability and associations with adherence to Dietary Guidelines for Americans and micronutrient intake adequacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of 13C-Sucrose Breath Test Dynamics with Anthropometry and Demographics: A Comparison of Studies in the United Kingdom and Zambia","authors":"Stephanie P Iorga ,&nbsp;Hannah Van Wyk ,&nbsp;Gwenyth O Lee ,&nbsp;Robert J Schillinger ,&nbsp;Christine A Edwards ,&nbsp;Phoebe Hodges ,&nbsp;Ellen Besa ,&nbsp;Paul Kelly ,&nbsp;Douglas J Morrison ,&nbsp;Andrew F Brouwer","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The ¹³C-sucrose breath test (¹³C-SBT) is a noninvasive diagnostic test that has been used to assess intestinal sucrase-isomaltase activity, which may be altered in gut function disorders such as environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation and histologic changes in the small intestine and thought to be ubiquitous among people living without access to improved water and sanitation. However, characterizing associations between ¹³C-SBT breath curves and gut function status requires disaggregating associations with sucrase-isomaltase activity from associations with other aspects of sucrose metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This analysis aimed to identify anthropometric and demographic patterns in ¹³C-SBT breath curves.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated the associations between anthropometry (height, weight, body mass index) or demographics (sex, age) and each of 3 mechanistic pharmacokinetic model parameters estimated from ¹³C-SBT breath curves, comparing adult populations in United Kingdom and Zambia, who have different risk of EED.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Zambian participants had higher values of the parameter associated with intestinal sucrase-isomaltase activity and liver metabolism [ρ: 2.4 (United Kingdom) compared with 3.5 (Zambia), <em>P =</em> 0.005] and higher fractions of tracer recovery [κ: 0.69 (United Kingdom) compared with 0.93 (Zambia), <em>P</em> &lt;0.001]. The rate-limiting parameter, speculated to be associated with pulmonary excretion of plasma bicarbonate as CO₂, was lower among Zambian participants [πρ: 0.30 (United Kingdom) compared with 0.22 (Zambia), <em>P =</em> 0.009]. We found a similar association between the rate-limiting parameter (πρ) and weight in both cohorts, with higher weight associated with slower tracer recovery. We did not find significant associations between anthropometry and the parameter associated with sucrase-isomaltase activity (ρ), helping to alleviate concerns about potential confounding by anthropometry when using ρ as a model-based ¹³C-SBT diagnostic of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The associations we identified between weight and the rate-limiting parameter (πρ) should be further investigated and better understood mechanistically. These anthropometric associations identified for adults should be further confirmed in infants and children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Nutritional Status in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"François Machuron ,&nbsp;Robin Dessalles ,&nbsp;Léa Ribet ,&nbsp;Hayat Bentouhami ,&nbsp;Joséphine Escutnaire ,&nbsp;Nele Brusselaers ,&nbsp;Mickael Durand-Dubief","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adequate vitamin D status is crucial for health, especially for skeletal health. The prevention of vitamin D deficiency disorders represents a major public health challenge in countries with low sunlight exposure. Nonetheless, several studies conducted in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have reported surprisingly high prevalences of vitamin D deficiency, despite high sunlight availability. Even in those countries, dietary and lifestyle recommendations, including nutritional fortification policies, may be needed.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study aimed to systematically update and assess the vitamin D status in the MENA region using a meta-analysis approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This meta-analysis included 41 studies (2000–2022) evaluating serum vitamin D levels in healthy MENA adult populations, using pooled analyses and meta-regressions to assess the overall levels, sex differences, and the impact of covariates such as age and body mass index (BMI). Some studies identified as source of heterogeneity were excluded, and random-effects models were used in meta-analyses to control variability of effect sizes. Registration ID <span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FK4WM</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High variability from country to country was observed in vitamin D status in the MENA region, ranging from 9 ± 7 to 88 ± 76 nmol/L. The overall mean serum vitamin D concentration was 46 (95% confidence interval: 40, 52) nmol/L (below the recommended cutoff of 50 nmol/L), with a 4 nmol/L higher level in men compared with women, and no significant impact of age or BMI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of vitamin D status in adults from the MENA region, highlighting the widespread vitamin D deficiency in the region, with potential gender differences, but no clear impact of age or BMI—findings that could reinforce targeted, regional public health strategies to improve vitamin D status through lifestyle and nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Facilitators and Barriers of Adherence to Mediterranean-Ketogenic Dietary Interventions in Parkinson’s Disease: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Kira N Tosefsky ,&nbsp;Yolanda N Wang ,&nbsp;Joyce ST Lam ,&nbsp;Tamara R Cohen ,&nbsp;Silke Appel-Cresswell","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emerging research suggests indications for both Mediterranean and ketogenic diets in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with hybrid Mediterranean-ketogenic interventions potentially conferring maximal benefit. However, the acceptability of these interventions in individuals with PD (PwPs) remains to be established.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore and compare factors affecting PwPs’ experiences with and adherence to an 8-wk Mediterranean-ketogenic (MeDi-KD) versus an 8-wk medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-supplemented Mediterranean (MeDi-MCT) diet.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-eight PwPs took part in ≥1 phase of the crossover trial. Sixty-seven semistructured interviews were completed by 44 participants after each intervention. Interview questions, structured using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), explored how participant attitudes, control beliefs, environmental contexts, and social influences impacted study diet adherence. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to interview transcripts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two subthemes each emerged under of the overall themes of “Attitudes,” “Perceived behavioral control,” and “Subjective norms” within the TPB framework. Attitudes toward MeDi-KD and MeDi-MCT compositions were polarized, based on varying levels of familiarity with similar dietary patterns, diverging taste preferences, and wide-ranging expectations of effects on PD-specific and general health outcomes. Capability and resources grouped together naturally under the “Perceived behavioral control” theme. Within this domain, competing personal responsibilities, attentional resources diverted to disease management tasks, PD-related apathy, and motor deficits compromising cooking skills, all proved especially problematic during the labor-intensive MeDi-KD phase. In the “Subjective norms” domain, household and cultural acceptance of study diets proved crucial for sustained adherence. Our study’s registered dietitian played a pivotal role in supporting adherence through the direct provision of informational, instrumental, and social support, as well as by engaging care partners to bolster social support within the home.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our qualitative analysis illuminates behavioral and contextual determinants of adherence to keto-adapted MeDis in PwPs, informing more sustainable dietary implementation strategies relevant both to future trial design and dietetics clinical practice.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05469997.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}