Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess the Cognitive, Behavioral, and Environmental Factors Related to Sodium Intake in Adult Canadians: The Behavioral Assessment Instrument for Dietary Sodium","authors":"Rola Al Ghali ,&nbsp;Michael Prashad ,&nbsp;Wendy Lou ,&nbsp;JoAnne Arcand","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High sodium intake is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, with most Canadians exceeding recommended levels. Population-wide sodium-reduction interventions include monitoring sodium knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors as a core activity. However, there is a lack of developed instruments incorporating qualitative research and behavioral theories, accompanied by robust validation methods and psychometric testing.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive instrument, the Behavioral Assessment Instrument for dietary Sodium (BAIS), assessing cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences on sodium intake among Canadian adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Item development was informed by a prior national sodium survey, a Canadian qualitative study, relevant literature, and behavioral theories. Content validity was assessed by 11 experts over 2 rounds and evaluated by computing the content validity index (CVI) for individual items and scale average (S-CVI/Ave). Face validity was verified through one-on-one interviews with 10 Canadian adults (&gt;18 y). Item response theory (IRT) assessed knowledge items, whereas exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) validated the remaining constructs (<em>n =</em> 3236; 51.2% women; mean age 49.5 ± 17.7 y). Reliability analyses included intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for ordinal questions, Gwet’s first-order agreement coefficient (AC1) for binary questions, and Cronbach’s alpha.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Expert review led to iterative revisions, with round 2 achieving S-CVI/Ave = 1, indicating high content validity. Cognitive interviews (50% male, 23–62 y) confirmed item clarity. IRT results showed acceptable difficulty and discrimination of knowledge variables. EFA and CFA supported a 6-factor structure: Nutrition labeling behaviors, Hedonic influences, perceived control and self-efficacy, priority and concern, delayed concern, and sodium-reduction practices. Internal consistency ranged from acceptable to excellent. ICC was moderate for most ordinal variables, and AC1 was moderate to very good.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The BAIS represents the first validated Canadian instrument to assess multidimensional, theory-based drivers of sodium intake, supporting improved surveillance, policy development, and targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of 13C-Sucrose Breath Test Dynamics with Anthropometry and Demographics: A Comparison of Studies in the United Kingdom and Zambia","authors":"Stephanie P Iorga ,&nbsp;Hannah Van Wyk ,&nbsp;Gwenyth O Lee ,&nbsp;Robert J Schillinger ,&nbsp;Christine A Edwards ,&nbsp;Phoebe Hodges ,&nbsp;Ellen Besa ,&nbsp;Paul Kelly ,&nbsp;Douglas J Morrison ,&nbsp;Andrew F Brouwer","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The ¹³C-sucrose breath test (¹³C-SBT) is a noninvasive diagnostic test that has been used to assess intestinal sucrase-isomaltase activity, which may be altered in gut function disorders such as environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation and histologic changes in the small intestine and thought to be ubiquitous among people living without access to improved water and sanitation. However, characterizing associations between ¹³C-SBT breath curves and gut function status requires disaggregating associations with sucrase-isomaltase activity from associations with other aspects of sucrose metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This analysis aimed to identify anthropometric and demographic patterns in ¹³C-SBT breath curves.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated the associations between anthropometry (height, weight, body mass index) or demographics (sex, age) and each of 3 mechanistic pharmacokinetic model parameters estimated from ¹³C-SBT breath curves, comparing adult populations in United Kingdom and Zambia, who have different risk of EED.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Zambian participants had higher values of the parameter associated with intestinal sucrase-isomaltase activity and liver metabolism [ρ: 2.4 (United Kingdom) compared with 3.5 (Zambia), <em>P =</em> 0.005] and higher fractions of tracer recovery [κ: 0.69 (United Kingdom) compared with 0.93 (Zambia), <em>P</em> &lt;0.001]. The rate-limiting parameter, speculated to be associated with pulmonary excretion of plasma bicarbonate as CO₂, was lower among Zambian participants [πρ: 0.30 (United Kingdom) compared with 0.22 (Zambia), <em>P =</em> 0.009]. We found a similar association between the rate-limiting parameter (πρ) and weight in both cohorts, with higher weight associated with slower tracer recovery. We did not find significant associations between anthropometry and the parameter associated with sucrase-isomaltase activity (ρ), helping to alleviate concerns about potential confounding by anthropometry when using ρ as a model-based ¹³C-SBT diagnostic of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The associations we identified between weight and the rate-limiting parameter (πρ) should be further investigated and better understood mechanistically. These anthropometric associations identified for adults should be further confirmed in infants and children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network-Based Multiomic Nutrient-Associated Predictive Models for Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Martine Saint-Cyr ,&nbsp;Evaniya Shakya ,&nbsp;Janet C Siebert ,&nbsp;Emily B Hill ,&nbsp;Nancy F Krebs ,&nbsp;Edwin deZoeten ,&nbsp;Sarah J Borengasser","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease involving a complex interplay between host physiology, the gut microbiome, and environmental factors such as diet and nutrition. Multiomic analyses may help to identify potential nutrient-associated omic predictors of IBD, allowing for the design of targeted dietary approaches for disease prevention and management.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our objective was to apply the bioinformatics tool, Consolidated Analysis of Network Topology and Regression Elements (CANTARE), to an integrated multiomics dataset to generate nutrient-associated predictive models for IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We previously used a published data set of microbiome relative abundance (mb), untargeted metabolomics (met), and microbial-derived enzymes (e) in stool samples from 153 adults (IBD = 111, healthy control = 42) to build a network of cross-omic relationships that differed by IBD status. We now revisit this network to identify diet-associated predictive models of IBD using linear regression via the CANTARE workflow.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The network included 20 literature-supported nutrient-associated predictors across 3 subnetworks. We created 1 predictive model from each subnetwork. These models (M1, M2, and M3) contained 3, 4, and 11 predictors, respectively. Model performance was high, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87, 0.90, and 0.95 and pseudo-<em>R</em>² of 0.42, 0.55, and 0.71 (all permutation <em>P</em> values &lt; 0.001) for M1, M2, and M3, respectively. Some metabolites, such as histamine, were associated with greater odds of IBD, whereas others, such as ascorbate (vitamin C), pyridoxamine (vitamin B6), and choline, were associated with lower odds of IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CANTARE provides an unbiased and comprehensive strategy that can integrate multiple omics to identify potential nutrient-associated predictors of IBD. Our models support the generation of hypotheses for follow-up targeted investigation in future dietary interventions for the management of IBD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol of a Series of N-of-1 trials for Exploring Personalized Blood Glucose Responses to Different Staple Foods in Patients with Diabetes","authors":"Yuyang Wang ,&nbsp;Yuexiao Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng Li ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Duan ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Guo ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhu ,&nbsp;Baoming Li ,&nbsp;Defu Ma ,&nbsp;Jing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Effective control of postprandial glucose responses (PPGRs) is essential for managing the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Carbohydrate-rich staple foods are known to induce significant variability in PPGR among individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the personalized PPGR to various staple foods among patients with diabetes using an <em>N</em>-of-1 trial design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A single-center, randomized, crossover <em>N</em>-of-1 trial is planned. Participants will receive 5 different staple foods (white rice, germ rice, brown rice, rice noodles, and pasta) 3 times in a randomized order. Continuous glucose monitoring will track PPGR at 5-min intervals. The primary outcome will be the postprandial blood glucose peak. The Bayesian analysis will be conducted at both individual and group levels to access the PPGR for staple foods.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>By using the <em>N</em>-of-1 trial methodology, this study is anticipated to reveal substantial interindividual variations in PPGR and to identify staple foods that are most effective in stabilizing blood glucose concentrations for individual patients, providing insights into personalized nutritional management for T2DM.</div><div>This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register as ChiCTR2400090138 (24 September, 2024).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Quintuply-Fortified Salt on the Gut Microbiome of Young Children 1–5 y of Age in Punjab, India; A Substudy of a Randomized, Community-Based Trial","authors":"Lauren Thompson ,&nbsp;Yvonne E Goh ,&nbsp;Manu Jamwal ,&nbsp;Bidhi L Singh ,&nbsp;Gurjinder Kaur Brar ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Jamie Westcott ,&nbsp;Julie M Long ,&nbsp;Nancy F Krebs ,&nbsp;Angela Zivkovic ,&nbsp;Reena Das ,&nbsp;Mona Duggal ,&nbsp;Christine M McDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Young children in India often face multiple micronutrient deficiencies, yet interventions such as micronutrient powders have raised concerns about potential adverse effects on the gut microbiome. Large-scale food fortification is an effective strategy to improve micronutrient intake; however, its impact on the gut microbiome of children remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine whether intake of quintuply-fortified salt (QFS) for 12 mo adversely affects gut microbiome composition in children aged 1–5 y.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in Punjab, India, children received: <em>1</em>) QFS with iron as encapsulated ferrous fumarate [eFF], zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, and iodine (eFF-QFS); <em>2</em>) QFS with the same micronutrients, but iron as encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate [eFePP] plus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (eFePP-QFS); or <em>3</em>) standard iodized salt for 12 mo. Stool samples were collected from 125 children (eFF-QFS, <em>n</em> = 43; eFePP-QFS, <em>n</em> = 45; iodized salt, <em>n</em>= 37) at baseline and 12 mo and analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Changes in alpha diversity (Shannon, abundance-based estimator index) between groups were assessed with linear mixed models, beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) with linear regression and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and relative abundance of <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Prevotella</em>, or <em>Escherichia-Shigella</em> with zero-inflated negative binomial mixed models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Average discretionary salt utilization was estimated to be 3.5 g/child equivalent/d across groups. Abundance-based estimator index was higher in the iodized salt arm compared with eFePP-QFS, but similar to eFF-QFS. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed no overall group differences; however, pairwise Bray-Curtis distances from baseline were modestly greater in eFF-QFS compared with the other groups. No significant changes in relative abundance were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>After 12 mo, QFS resulted no major changes in abundance of key taxa and minimal, inconsistent shifts in certain diversity metrics and relative to the iodized salt control, suggesting no adverse effects on microbiome composition among young children in this setting. Additional studies in settings with improved iron status are needed.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05166980 and at Clinical Trials Registry–India as CTRI/2022/02/040333.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Culturally Acceptable, Nutritious, and Low Environmental Impact Finnish Diets with Mycoprotein: A Novel Optimization Approach","authors":"Yue Fu,&nbsp;Xavier Irz","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Meat alternatives can support a gradual reduction in meat consumption, contributing to more sustainable diets. Optimization is a useful tool to investigate this potential, but neglecting diet acceptability may limit the relevance of the approach.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to develop a new diet optimization model that includes meat alternatives and accounts for diet acceptability, then to apply it to characterize a culturally acceptable, nutritionally adequate, and low-climate impact Finnish diet that incorporates mycoprotein.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An original quadratic optimization model minimizing the weighted distance from the current diet was designed, with mycoprotein introduced as a new food within the meat group. The model first simulated a nutritionally adequate diet including mycoprotein (“NUTR” diet) and then progressively reduced dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) while maintaining total consumption of the meat group. Model performance was assessed against a piecewise linear model, and robustness was tested through a sensitivity analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The meat group in the “NUTR” diet, which included 27.3 g (5.9 g) of mycoprotein, amounted to 82% (87%) of observed meat consumption for an average adult male (female). For further GHGE reductions, red and processed meats were replaced mainly by poultry, followed by mycoprotein with an increasing share. Imposing large reductions in GHGEs while maintaining meat consumption to its “NUTR” level led to larger adjustments in other food groups and raised potential nutritional concerns, whereas these issues were less pronounced for small to moderate GHGE reductions. Compared with the piecewise linear model, the quadratic formulation was less sensitive to baseline assumptions, yielding more robust and realistic diets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The proposed model advances diet optimization for the study of new foods by incorporating improved considerations of diet acceptability. The Finnish case study illustrates its applicability to simulate climate-friendly, nutritionally adequate diets that integrate mycoprotein, offering a valuable tool for future research on novel foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Nutritional Status in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"François Machuron ,&nbsp;Robin Dessalles ,&nbsp;Léa Ribet ,&nbsp;Hayat Bentouhami ,&nbsp;Joséphine Escutnaire ,&nbsp;Nele Brusselaers ,&nbsp;Mickael Durand-Dubief","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adequate vitamin D status is crucial for health, especially for skeletal health. The prevention of vitamin D deficiency disorders represents a major public health challenge in countries with low sunlight exposure. Nonetheless, several studies conducted in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have reported surprisingly high prevalences of vitamin D deficiency, despite high sunlight availability. Even in those countries, dietary and lifestyle recommendations, including nutritional fortification policies, may be needed.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study aimed to systematically update and assess the vitamin D status in the MENA region using a meta-analysis approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This meta-analysis included 41 studies (2000–2022) evaluating serum vitamin D levels in healthy MENA adult populations, using pooled analyses and meta-regressions to assess the overall levels, sex differences, and the impact of covariates such as age and body mass index (BMI). Some studies identified as source of heterogeneity were excluded, and random-effects models were used in meta-analyses to control variability of effect sizes. Registration ID <span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FK4WM</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High variability from country to country was observed in vitamin D status in the MENA region, ranging from 9 ± 7 to 88 ± 76 nmol/L. The overall mean serum vitamin D concentration was 46 (95% confidence interval: 40, 52) nmol/L (below the recommended cutoff of 50 nmol/L), with a 4 nmol/L higher level in men compared with women, and no significant impact of age or BMI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of vitamin D status in adults from the MENA region, highlighting the widespread vitamin D deficiency in the region, with potential gender differences, but no clear impact of age or BMI—findings that could reinforce targeted, regional public health strategies to improve vitamin D status through lifestyle and nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Facilitators and Barriers of Adherence to Mediterranean-Ketogenic Dietary Interventions in Parkinson’s Disease: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Kira N Tosefsky ,&nbsp;Yolanda N Wang ,&nbsp;Joyce ST Lam ,&nbsp;Tamara R Cohen ,&nbsp;Silke Appel-Cresswell","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emerging research suggests indications for both Mediterranean and ketogenic diets in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with hybrid Mediterranean-ketogenic interventions potentially conferring maximal benefit. However, the acceptability of these interventions in individuals with PD (PwPs) remains to be established.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore and compare factors affecting PwPs’ experiences with and adherence to an 8-wk Mediterranean-ketogenic (MeDi-KD) versus an 8-wk medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-supplemented Mediterranean (MeDi-MCT) diet.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-eight PwPs took part in ≥1 phase of the crossover trial. Sixty-seven semistructured interviews were completed by 44 participants after each intervention. Interview questions, structured using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), explored how participant attitudes, control beliefs, environmental contexts, and social influences impacted study diet adherence. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to interview transcripts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two subthemes each emerged under of the overall themes of “Attitudes,” “Perceived behavioral control,” and “Subjective norms” within the TPB framework. Attitudes toward MeDi-KD and MeDi-MCT compositions were polarized, based on varying levels of familiarity with similar dietary patterns, diverging taste preferences, and wide-ranging expectations of effects on PD-specific and general health outcomes. Capability and resources grouped together naturally under the “Perceived behavioral control” theme. Within this domain, competing personal responsibilities, attentional resources diverted to disease management tasks, PD-related apathy, and motor deficits compromising cooking skills, all proved especially problematic during the labor-intensive MeDi-KD phase. In the “Subjective norms” domain, household and cultural acceptance of study diets proved crucial for sustained adherence. Our study’s registered dietitian played a pivotal role in supporting adherence through the direct provision of informational, instrumental, and social support, as well as by engaging care partners to bolster social support within the home.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our qualitative analysis illuminates behavioral and contextual determinants of adherence to keto-adapted MeDis in PwPs, informing more sustainable dietary implementation strategies relevant both to future trial design and dietetics clinical practice.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05469997.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Diet Screener for Assessing Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet: Development and Validation","authors":"Qisi Yao ,&nbsp;Steven A Cohen ,&nbsp;Brietta M Oaks ,&nbsp;Maya K Vadiveloo","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although poor diet quality is a main risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it is rarely measured comprehensively in clinical trials using full dietary assessment tools.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study developed a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet screener using questions from the Stenting vs. Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis trial (SAMMPRIS) and assessed construct validity in 3 2-y cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009–2014).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two DASH scores were created in a subset of 14,651 adults aged ≥20 with ≥1 reliable 24-h diet recall and plausible energy intakes. The validated DASH score used established methods to create a score ranging from 8 to 40. The DASH screener used 11 nonvalidated SAMMPRIS questions to create 8 components. Each component was multiplied by a weight for comparability between the scores and summed to obtain an overall score (0–100), with higher values indicating better adherence. Construct validity was examined by analyzing whether the screener score had a variable distribution, correlated with the validated score, differentiated groups with known diet quality differences, and was concordant with the validated score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants were on average 47.6 (±16.9) y, 68% non-Hispanic White, 53% female, and with a body mass index (BMI) of 28.9 kg/m². The mean (SD) of the DASH screener score and validated DASH score were 47.0 (14.7) and 23.8 (5.2). The elements of construct validity were demonstrated with strong correlations between the total and most components' scores (<em>r</em> = 0.62–1.00, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), the ability to distinguish known-group differences, and strong concordance between the 2 scores (κ = 0.62, <em>P</em>&lt; 0.0001). In sensitivity analyses, removal of the sodium component improved the total score correlation (<em>r</em> = 0.73) and concordance (κ = 0.64).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The brief DASH diet screener demonstrated construct validity across 4 domains. Future research is needed to better estimate salt intake and evaluate the predictive validity of the screener.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed Milk Feeding Patterns and Growth Outcomes During the First Year of Life in Asian Infants: Application of Predefined Feeding Clusters to Test Associations","authors":"Liandre Frances van der Merwe ,&nbsp;Kelly A Mulder ,&nbsp;Floor M van Oudenhoven ,&nbsp;Lynette P Shek ,&nbsp;Oon Hoe Teoh ,&nbsp;Wei Wei Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Varying definitions have been used to categorize mixed milk feeding (MMF) patterns in studies focused on feeding and infant growth, posing a challenge when making comparisons and interpretations. Furthermore, MMF encompasses vastly heterogeneous and evolving feeding behaviors that are difficult to standardize longitudinally.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We previously described a new approach for describing MMF patterns across the first year, using a multivariate clustering algorithm. In the current article, we aimed to describe the associated infant growth patterns across these identified feeding clusters in an Asian clinical study (<em>N</em> = 539).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a linear mixed-effects model that included infant covariates, we estimated the associations between the different feeding clusters and longitudinal growth outcomes, including weight, length and BMI-for-age <em>z</em>-scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cluster division explained a statistically significant amount of variation in growth trajectories, over and above the variation explained by included covariates. Differences in weight and length trajectories were observed between the clusters; the more breastfeeding that was included in a cluster, the closer the growth pattern resembled that of the breastfed reference group. No distinct differences in BMI trajectories were apparent within the first year of life. Mean weight-for-age <em>z</em>-scores per cluster all fell within ±0.5 SD of the WHO standard, indicative for adequate growth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this study suggest that our previously defined milk feeding clusters can discriminate growth trajectories between the different feeding groups in the studied population. This confirms that our proposed approach has the potential to bring more precision to future studies examining associations between milk feeding patterns and growth (and potentially other health) outcomes in the first year of life across different populations. Conclusions on a causal effect of feeding characteristics should be made with caution because of the observational and exploratory nature of the analysis.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT01609634.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"9 11","pages":"Article 107565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}