Cortex最新文献

英文中文

Neglect symptoms are related to a prediction-hypersensitivity in ipsilesional space 忽视症状与同侧空间的预测超敏有关。

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.007

Simone Vossel , Anne-Sophie Käsbauer , Paola Mengotti , Claudia C. Schmidt , Jochen Saliger , Hans Karbe , Gereon R. Fink

The precise cognitive mechanisms underlying spatial neglect are not fully understood. Recent studies have provided the first evidence for aberrant behavioral and electrophysiological prediction and prediction error responses in patients with neglect, but also in right-hemispheric (RH) stroke patients without neglect. For prediction-dependent attention, as assessed with Posner-type cueing paradigms with volatile cue-target contingencies, studies in healthy volunteers point to a crucial role of the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) – as part of a network commonly disrupted in neglect. In order to study altered prediction-dependent attention in patients with RH damage and neglect, the present study employed a spatial cueing paradigm with unsignalled changes in the cue’s predictive value in 26 RH patients, 21 left-hemispheric (LH) patients, and 33 healthy elderly controls. The inference of the changing cue’s predictive value was assessed with a Rescorla-Wagner learning model of response times (RTs) and participants' ratings. We tested for lesion-side-dependent relationships between the computational model parameters, ratings, and neuropsychological performance. Moreover, we investigated links between the behavioral signatures of predictive processing and lesion anatomy (lesion location and disconnection). The results provided no evidence for a predictive inference deficit, but revealed a correlation between a hypersensitivity of RTs to inferred predictions for ipsilesional stimuli and neglect symptoms in RH patients. Irrespective of symptoms of neglect, the rating of the cue’s predictive value deviated more from the actual values in RH patients. RT hypersensitivity for ipsilesional targets was linked to disconnection within fronto-parietal, fronto-occipital, and temporo-parietal pathways. These findings provide novel insights into the role of altered prediction-dependent processing for neglect as assessed by different read-outs, highlighting an exaggerated response adaption to predictions of ipsilesional stimuli.

空间忽视背后的确切认知机制尚不完全清楚。最近的研究首次提供了忽视患者异常行为和电生理预测和预测误差反应的证据，同时也提供了非忽视右半球（RH）卒中患者异常行为和电生理预测和预测误差反应的证据。对于预测依赖的注意力，用posner类型的线索范式和挥发性线索-目标偶然事件进行评估，对健康志愿者的研究指出了右颞-顶叶连接（rTPJ）的关键作用，它是一个网络的一部分，通常在忽视中被破坏。为了研究RH损伤和忽视患者预测依赖注意的改变，本研究采用空间线索范式，在26例RH患者、21例左半球（LH）患者和33名健康老年人对照中，线索的预测值没有信号变化。用Rescorla-Wagner反应时间（RTs）学习模型和参与者评分来评估线索变化预测值的推断。我们测试了计算模型参数、评分和神经心理表现之间的病变侧依赖关系。此外，我们还研究了预测处理的行为特征与病变解剖（病变位置和断开）之间的联系。结果没有提供预测推断缺陷的证据，但揭示了RH患者对同病灶刺激推断预测的超敏感性与忽视症状之间的相关性。在RH患者中，无论忽视症状如何，提示的预测值的评级与实际值偏差更大。同侧靶的RT超敏反应与额-顶叶、额-枕和颞-顶叶通路的断开有关。这些发现为通过不同的读数评估忽视的预测依赖加工的改变提供了新的见解，强调了对同视刺激预测的夸大反应适应。

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引用次数: 0

When do we find a third neural response to visual symmetry? 我们什么时候能找到第三种对视觉对称的神经反应？

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.014

John Tyson-Carr , Marco Bertamini , Giulia Rampone , Andrew Jones , Alexis D.J. Makin

The human visual system is tuned to symmetry, and the neural response to visual symmetry has been well studied. One line of research measures an Event Related Potential (ERP) component called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN). Amplitude is more negative at posterior electrodes when participants see symmetrical patterns compared to asymmetrical patterns. Source localization confirms that the SPN is generated by two dipoles in the left and right extrastriate cortex, in line with fMRI results. However, exploratory analysis by Tyson-Carr, Bertamini, Rampone, and Makin (2021) found a third symmetry response located approximately in the posterior cingulate peaking at around 600 msec. The third symmetry response was only generated in conditions where symmetry was 1) task relevant and 2) salient. We tested whether these findings are reliable by running source localization analysis on all suitable datasets from the complete Liverpool SPN catalogue (an online repository of all 40 SPN projects with 2215 participants https://osf.io/2sncj/). We predicted that less variance would be explained by a two-dipole model in experiments where participants classified regularity (hypothesis 1), and, when the third dipole is present, amplitude would correlate with that of the sensor-level SPN (hypothesis 2). Hypothesis 1 was not supported, while hypothesis 2 was. We conclude that the bilateral extrastriate symmetry response is sometimes followed by a third activation near the posterior cingulate. However, this third symmetry response is not as predictable as we had assumed. One possibility is that it may sometimes be hidden from average waveforms by temporal inconsistency between trials. This may happen more in experiments with longer presentation durations.

人类的视觉系统倾向于对称，对视觉对称的神经反应已经得到了很好的研究。一项研究测量了事件相关电位（ERP）的组成部分，称为持续后验负性（SPN）。当参与者看到对称图案时，后电极的振幅比看到不对称图案时更负。来源定位证实了SPN是由左右外侧皮层的两个偶极子产生的，与fMRI结果一致。然而，Tyson-Carr、Bertamini、Rampone和Makin（2021）的探索性分析发现，第三种对称响应大约位于后扣带，在600毫秒左右达到峰值。第三种对称反应只在对称性与任务相关和显著的条件下产生。我们通过对来自完整利物浦SPN目录（所有40个SPN项目的在线存储库，有2215个参与者https://osf.io/2sncj/）的所有合适数据集运行源定位分析来测试这些发现是否可靠。我们预测，在参与者分类规则（假设1）的实验中，双偶极子模型可以解释较小的方差，并且，当第三个偶极子存在时，振幅将与传感器级SPN的振幅相关（假设2）。假设1不被支持，而假设2被支持。我们得出的结论是，双侧外侧对称反应有时会在后扣带附近发生第三次激活。然而，这第三种对称反应并不像我们假设的那样可预测。一种可能性是，有时由于试验之间的时间不一致，它可能从平均波形中隐藏起来。这种情况在呈现时间较长的实验中更容易发生。

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引用次数: 0

Alterations of the pulvinar in posterior cortical atrophy: A multimodal MRI study 后皮质萎缩中的脉络膜变化：多模态磁共振成像研究

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.08.007

Jun Wang , Wuhai Tao , Min Chu , Deming Jiang , Li Liu , Yue Cui , Yang Liu , Yihao Wang , Ying Han , Caishui Yang , Liyong Wu

Background

Although the pulvinar is known for its visual function and extensive connections with cortical areas, the volumetric change and functional connectivity of the pulvinar in posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) remain unclear.

Objective

To identify functional and volumetric changes of the pulvinar in PCA patients and the relevant associations with higher visual dysfunction.

Methods

A total of 29 patients with PCA and 30 normal controls were recruited. Each participant underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and both structural and resting-state functional MRI scanning. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and seed-based functional connectivity analyses were conducted to assess pulvinar gray matter volume as well as functional connectivity between the pulvinar and whole brain regions. A partial correlation analysis was performed to analyze neuropsychological tests and pulvinar imaging data.

Results

Cognitive and visual functions including visuospatial processing, visual perception, episodic memory, and naming were impaired among PCA patients. Marked pulvinar atrophy was noted in PCA patients. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the pulvinar and precuneus was significantly decreased in PCA patients as compared to normal controls (FWE corrected; P < .001). Gray matter volume of the left pulvinar was found to associate with object agnosia (r = .53, P = .005) and prosopagnosia (r = .54, P = .005) among PCA patients. Gray matter volume of the right pulvinar was found to be associated with the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (r = −.52, P = .006) and Activities of Daily Living (r = −.59, P = .002) scores. Prosopagnosia correlated positively to the functional connectivity of the left pulvinar and left middle temporal.

Conclusion

Our findings support pulvinar degeneration and its contributions in PCA.

背景：尽管脉管以其视觉功能和与皮质区域的广泛联系而闻名，但后皮质萎缩（PCA）患者脉管的体积变化和功能联系仍不清楚：目的：确定PCA患者脉络膜的功能和体积变化，以及与较高视觉功能障碍的相关性：方法：共招募了29名PCA患者和30名正常对照者。方法：共招募了29名PCA患者和30名正常对照者，每位患者都接受了全面的神经心理学评估以及结构性和静息状态功能性磁共振成像扫描。通过基于体素的形态计量（VBM）和基于种子的功能连接分析来评估脉络膜灰质体积以及脉络膜与整个大脑区域之间的功能连接。对神经心理测试和脉管成像数据进行了部分相关性分析：结果：PCA 患者的认知和视觉功能，包括视觉空间处理、视觉感知、外显记忆和命名均受到损害。PCA患者的脉管明显萎缩。此外，与正常对照组相比，PCA 患者的脉轮和楔前肌之间的功能连接显著减少（FWE 校正；P 结论：PCA 患者的脉轮和楔前肌之间的功能连接显著减少：我们的研究结果证实了脉管退化及其在 PCA 中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

On the road with Cortex 与 Cortex 一起上路

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.001

Roberto Cubelli

引用次数: 0

Cotard's syndrome before Cotard: A commentary on Connors et al. (2024): Delusions in postpartum psychosis: Implications for cognitive theories 科塔德之前的科塔德综合征：对......的评论产后精神病的妄想：对认知理论的影响。

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.09.010

Brian A. Sharpless , Jan Dirk Blom

引用次数: 0

Cover figure 封面图

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(24)00319-8

引用次数: 0

Cotard syndrome across time and place 跨越时空的科塔德综合征

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.002

Michael H. Connors , Peter W. Halligan

引用次数: 0

Neural correlates of phantom motor execution: A functional neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis 幻影运动执行的神经相关性：功能神经成像系统回顾与荟萃分析

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.09.001

Kevin Pacheco-Barrios , Robin Emily Heemels , Daniela Martinez-Magallanes , Marianna Daibes , Cristina Naqui-Xicota , Maria Andrade , Felipe Fregni

Phantom motor execution (PME) shows promise as a new treatment for phantom limb pain (PLP) by inducing motor-related analgesia and retraining the pain network activation. However, the current understanding of the neural correlates underlying PME is limited. Databases were systematically searched for multimodal neuroimaging studies to explore the neural correlates of PME. A narrative synthesis (17 studies, n = 328) and coordinate-based meta-analysis were performed to identify activation commonalities. Contrasting PME-vs-REST revealed differential activation of the supplementary motor area (SMA), post-central gyrus, and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus; while PME-vs-ME revealed differential activation of the right anterior insula, anterior cingulate, left amygdala, and right striatum. Further narrative synthesis revealed a positive correlation between PME-induced brain activity and PLP intensity, and a specific connectivity pattern during PME on the SMA–M1 network compared to ME and motor imagery. Our results suggest that the PME represents a distinct type of motor network activation, partially overlapping with ME and motor imagery activations but with special activation of interoceptive regulation and mood-related regions. Thus, confirming its potential as a therapeutic approach for PLP.

幻肢运动执行（PME）通过诱导与运动相关的镇痛和重新训练疼痛网络激活，有望成为一种治疗幻肢痛（PLP）的新方法。然而，目前人们对 PME 的神经相关性的了解还很有限。我们在数据库中系统地搜索了多模态神经影像学研究，以探索 PME 的神经相关性。研究人员进行了叙述性综合（17 项研究，= 328）和基于坐标的荟萃分析，以确定激活的共性。PME-vs-REST对比显示了辅助运动区（SMA）、后中央回和背外侧额上回；而PME-vs-ME则显示了右侧前脑岛、前扣带回、左侧杏仁核和右侧纹状体的不同激活。进一步的叙事综合显示，PME 引起的大脑活动与 PLP 强度之间存在正相关，与 ME 和运动想象相比，PME 期间 SMA-M1 网络存在特定的连接模式。我们的研究结果表明，PME 代表了一种不同类型的运动网络激活，与 ME 和运动想象激活有部分重叠，但对感知调节和情绪相关区域有特殊激活。因此，这证实了它作为 PLP 治疗方法的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Thank you and goodbye 谢谢，再见。

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.09.005

Sergio Della Sala

引用次数: 0

Don't think of a pink elephant: Individual differences in visualisation predict involuntary imagery and its neural correlates 不要想象一只粉红色的大象：视觉化的个体差异可以预测非自愿图像及其神经关联

IF 3.2 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.020

Derek H. Arnold , Mary Hutchinson , Loren N. Bouyer , D. Samuel Schwarzkopf , Elizabeth Pellicano , Blake W. Saurels

There are substantial differences in the capacity of people to have imagined visual experiences, ranging from a lifelong inability (Congenital Aphantasia) to people who report having imagined experiences that are as vivid as actually seeing (Hyper-Phantasia). While Congenital Aphantasia has typically been framed as a cognitive deficit, it is possible that a weak or absent ability to have imagined visual sensations is balanced by a heightened resistance to intrusive thoughts – which are experienced as an imagined sensation. Here, we report on a direct test of that proposition. We asked people to either imagine, or to try not to imagine having a range of audio and visual experiences while we recorded their brain activity with electroencephalography (EEG). Ratings describing the subjective vividness of different people's voluntary visualisations predicted if they would also report having involuntary visualisations – such as an imagined experience of seeing a pink elephant when they were asked not to. Both the prevalence of different people's involuntary visualisations and the typical vividness of their visualisations could be predicted by neural correlates of disinhibition, working memory, and neural feedback. Our data suggest that the propensity of people to have involuntary visual experiences can scale with the subjective intensity of their typical experiences of visualisation.

人们想象视觉体验的能力有很大的不同，从终身残疾（先天性幻视症）到报告自己想象的体验和实际看到的一样生动的人（超级幻视症）。虽然先天性失视症通常被认为是一种认知缺陷，但有可能是一种弱的或缺乏想象视觉感觉的能力被一种对侵入性思想的高度抵抗所平衡——这些思想被当作一种想象的感觉来体验。在这里，我们报告对该命题的直接测试。当我们用脑电图（EEG）记录他们的大脑活动时，我们要求人们要么想象，要么尽量不想象有一系列的听觉和视觉体验。描述不同的人自愿想象的主观生动程度的评分预测了他们是否也会报告非自愿的想象——比如当他们被要求不要想象时，想象看到了一只粉红色的大象。不同人的非自愿想象的普遍性和他们想象的典型生动性都可以通过去抑制、工作记忆和神经反馈的神经关联来预测。我们的数据表明，人们无意识视觉体验的倾向可以随着他们典型视觉体验的主观强度而扩大。

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