Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.010
Angelique Volfart , Katie L. McMahon , Catherine Liégeois-Chauvel , Vitória Piai , Greig de Zubicaray
There is ongoing debate about the role of ventral anterior temporal lobe (vATL) regions in the initial stages of production, particularly in accessing conceptual knowledge, with most evidence coming from visual naming tasks. Here, we investigated whether these regions are engaged during naming from different types of auditory stimuli. Twenty-five participants completed an fMRI experiment involving two naming tasks: auditory sentence definition (e.g., The yellow part of an egg) and nonverbal environmental sound (e.g., a sheep bleating). Our overall aim was to identify brain regions that are commonly activated across both naming tasks as well as those showing task-specific activations. With regards to the vATL's role, we hypothesised that these regions would show common activation across naming tasks, consistent with their proposed role in crossmodal conceptual processing, one of the first processing stages for retrieving a word based on an external input. Left-lateralized activation common to both tasks was observed in posterior fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, inferior and superior frontal gyrus, and subcortical and cerebellar regions. Significant activation was observed in the bilateral vATLs only during naming to definitions, despite tSNR being equivalent across tasks. Our findings indicate that environmental sounds do not activate the vATL to the same extent as auditory definitions, placing constraints on the crossmodal nature of semantic representations in these regions.
{"title":"Are the ventral anterior temporal lobes involved in accessing conceptual knowledge during spoken word production? fMRI evidence from auditory naming","authors":"Angelique Volfart , Katie L. McMahon , Catherine Liégeois-Chauvel , Vitória Piai , Greig de Zubicaray","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is ongoing debate about the role of ventral anterior temporal lobe (vATL) regions in the initial stages of production, particularly in accessing conceptual knowledge, with most evidence coming from visual naming tasks. Here, we investigated whether these regions are engaged during naming from different types of auditory stimuli. Twenty-five participants completed an fMRI experiment involving two naming tasks: auditory sentence definition (e.g., <em>The yellow part of an egg</em>) and nonverbal environmental sound (e.g., a sheep <em>bleating</em>). Our overall aim was to identify brain regions that are commonly activated across both naming tasks as well as those showing task-specific activations. With regards to the vATL's role, we hypothesised that these regions would show common activation across naming tasks, consistent with their proposed role in crossmodal conceptual processing, one of the first processing stages for retrieving a word based on an external input. Left-lateralized activation common to both tasks was observed in posterior fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, inferior and superior frontal gyrus, and subcortical and cerebellar regions. Significant activation was observed in the bilateral vATLs only during naming to definitions, despite tSNR being equivalent across tasks. Our findings indicate that environmental sounds do not activate the vATL to the same extent as auditory definitions, placing constraints on the crossmodal nature of semantic representations in these regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 35-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.009
Griet Warlop , Silvia Formica , Emiel Cracco , Lies Blontrock , Jan R. Wiersema , Frederik J.A. Deconinck
Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are believed to have impaired internal motor representations in the control and learning of movements. This study tested this hypothesis by assessing the automatic imitation effect, that relies on internal representation of movement, in children with and without DCD, using a comparison of the behavioural effect and the neural processes contributing to it. Reaction times and EEG event-related potentials were measured during an automatic imitation finger-tapping task in 36 children with DCD (age: M = 12.9 years; SD = 2.0) and 36 matched typically developing children (age: M = 12.9 years; SD = 1.9). Contrary to our expectations, children with DCD demonstrated significantly stronger automatic imitation effects than children without DCD. This was accompanied by altered neural processing, evidenced by a significant delay in the visual processing of body parts, as reflected in N190 latency. However, no differences were observed in motor preparation, as indexed by the readiness potential. These findings suggest that children with DCD do not exhibit reduced automatic imitation, and do not support the assumption of impaired internal representation of action in this group. Yet, deficits in control processes, such as alterations in the timing of perception, may contribute to the difficulties in DCD.
{"title":"Children with DCD show stronger automatic imitation effects accompanied by delayed early visual processing","authors":"Griet Warlop , Silvia Formica , Emiel Cracco , Lies Blontrock , Jan R. Wiersema , Frederik J.A. Deconinck","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are believed to have impaired internal motor representations in the control and learning of movements. This study tested this hypothesis by assessing the automatic imitation effect, that relies on internal representation of movement, in children with and without DCD, using a comparison of the behavioural effect and the neural processes contributing to it. Reaction times and EEG event-related potentials were measured during an automatic imitation finger-tapping task in 36 children with DCD (age: M = 12.9 years; SD = 2.0) and 36 matched typically developing children (age: M = 12.9 years; SD = 1.9). Contrary to our expectations, children with DCD demonstrated significantly stronger automatic imitation effects than children without DCD. This was accompanied by altered neural processing, evidenced by a significant delay in the visual processing of body parts, as reflected in N190 latency. However, no differences were observed in motor preparation, as indexed by the readiness potential. These findings suggest that children with DCD do not exhibit reduced automatic imitation, and do not support the assumption of impaired internal representation of action in this group. Yet, deficits in control processes, such as alterations in the timing of perception, may contribute to the difficulties in DCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 18-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.014
Martin Constant, Ananya Mandal, Dariusz Asanowicz, Bartłomiej Panek, Ilona Kotlewska, Motonori Yamaguchi, Helge Gillmeister, Dirk Kerzel, David Luque, Sara Molinero, Antonio Vázquez-Millán, Francesca Pesciarelli, Eleonora Borelli, Hanane Ramzaoui, Melissa Beck, Bertille Somon, Andrea Desantis, M Concepción Castellanos, Elisa Martín-Arévalo, Greta Manini, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Ahu Gokce, Demet Özer, Efe Soyman, Ece Yılmaz, Joshua O Eayrs, Raquel E London, Tabitha Steendam, Christian Frings, Bernhard Pastötter, Bence Szaszkó, Pamela Baess, Shabnamalsadat Ayatollahi, Gustavo A León Montoya, Nicole Wetzel, Andreas Widmann, Liyu Cao, Xueqi Low, Thiago L Costa, Leonardo Chelazzi, Bianca Monachesi, Siri-Maria Kamp, Luisa Knopf, Roxane J Itier, Johannes Meixner, Kerstin Jost, André Botes, Carley Braddock, Danqi Li, Alicja Nowacka, Marlo Quenault, Daniele Scanzi, Tamar Torrance, Paul M Corballis, Gianvito Laera, Matthias Kliegel, Dominik Welke, Faisal Mushtaq, Yuri G Pavlov, Heinrich R Liesefeld
The N2pc is widely employed as an electrophysiological marker of an attention allocation. This interpretation was largely driven by the observation of an N2pc elicited by an isolated relevant target object, which was reported as Experiment 2 in Eimer (1996). All subsequent refined interpretations of the N2pc had to take this crucial finding into account. Despite its central role for neurocognitive attention research, there have been no direct replications and only few conceptual replications of this seminal work. Within the context of #EEGManyLabs, an international community-driven effort to replicate the most influential EEG studies ever published, the present study was selected due to its strong impact on the study of selective attention. We revisit the idea of the N2pc being an indicator of attentional selectivity by delivering a high powered direct replication of Eimer's work through analysis of 779 datasets acquired from 22 labs across 14 countries. Our results robustly replicate the N2pc to form stimuli, but a direct replication of the N2pc to color stimuli technically failed. We believe that this pattern not only sheds further light on the functional significance of the N2pc as an electrophysiological marker of attentional selectivity, but also highlights a methodological problem with selecting analysis windows a priori. By contrast, the consistency of observed ERP patterns across labs and analysis pipelines is stunning, and this consistency is preserved even in datasets that were rejected for (ocular) artifacts, attesting to the robustness of the ERP technique and the feasibility of large-scale multilab EEG (replication) studies.
{"title":"A multilab investigation into the N2pc as an indicator of attentional selectivity: Direct replication of Eimer (1996).","authors":"Martin Constant, Ananya Mandal, Dariusz Asanowicz, Bartłomiej Panek, Ilona Kotlewska, Motonori Yamaguchi, Helge Gillmeister, Dirk Kerzel, David Luque, Sara Molinero, Antonio Vázquez-Millán, Francesca Pesciarelli, Eleonora Borelli, Hanane Ramzaoui, Melissa Beck, Bertille Somon, Andrea Desantis, M Concepción Castellanos, Elisa Martín-Arévalo, Greta Manini, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Ahu Gokce, Demet Özer, Efe Soyman, Ece Yılmaz, Joshua O Eayrs, Raquel E London, Tabitha Steendam, Christian Frings, Bernhard Pastötter, Bence Szaszkó, Pamela Baess, Shabnamalsadat Ayatollahi, Gustavo A León Montoya, Nicole Wetzel, Andreas Widmann, Liyu Cao, Xueqi Low, Thiago L Costa, Leonardo Chelazzi, Bianca Monachesi, Siri-Maria Kamp, Luisa Knopf, Roxane J Itier, Johannes Meixner, Kerstin Jost, André Botes, Carley Braddock, Danqi Li, Alicja Nowacka, Marlo Quenault, Daniele Scanzi, Tamar Torrance, Paul M Corballis, Gianvito Laera, Matthias Kliegel, Dominik Welke, Faisal Mushtaq, Yuri G Pavlov, Heinrich R Liesefeld","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The N2pc is widely employed as an electrophysiological marker of an attention allocation. This interpretation was largely driven by the observation of an N2pc elicited by an isolated relevant target object, which was reported as Experiment 2 in Eimer (1996). All subsequent refined interpretations of the N2pc had to take this crucial finding into account. Despite its central role for neurocognitive attention research, there have been no direct replications and only few conceptual replications of this seminal work. Within the context of #EEGManyLabs, an international community-driven effort to replicate the most influential EEG studies ever published, the present study was selected due to its strong impact on the study of selective attention. We revisit the idea of the N2pc being an indicator of attentional selectivity by delivering a high powered direct replication of Eimer's work through analysis of 779 datasets acquired from 22 labs across 14 countries. Our results robustly replicate the N2pc to form stimuli, but a direct replication of the N2pc to color stimuli technically failed. We believe that this pattern not only sheds further light on the functional significance of the N2pc as an electrophysiological marker of attentional selectivity, but also highlights a methodological problem with selecting analysis windows a priori. By contrast, the consistency of observed ERP patterns across labs and analysis pipelines is stunning, and this consistency is preserved even in datasets that were rejected for (ocular) artifacts, attesting to the robustness of the ERP technique and the feasibility of large-scale multilab EEG (replication) studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"304-341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.007
Miguel Rubianes , Francisco Muñoz , Linda Drijvers , Manuel Martín-Loeches
Prior research shows that self-referential information (e.g., seeing one's own face) is prioritized in human cognition. However, the brain signal variability underlying self-processing remains scarcely treated in the literature. Additionally, less is known about whether the processing of self-referential visual content can be modulated by facial expressions of emotion, as these resemble more natural situations than neutral expressions. This study therefore investigated the brain signal variability underlying self-referential visual processing and its possible interaction with emotional facial expressions, as indexed by multiscale entropy analysis (MSE). This metric captures the temporal complexity or variability contained in neural patterns at varying timescales. Thirty-two participants were presented with distinctive facial identities (self, friend, and unknown) displaying different facial expressions (happy, neutral, and angry) and performed an identity recognition task. Our results showed that brain signal variability decreases in response to self-faces compared to other identities. Similarly, brain signal variability also decreases for friend faces relative to unknown faces. This reduction in complexity could be indicative of greater efficiency during the preferential processing of personally relevant stimuli. Furthermore, the data observed here show that self-processing is unaffected by facial expressions of emotion, suggesting an independent processing of identity from more dynamic facial information, particularly when the task demands are focused on identity recognition. These results provide novel evidence of the moment-to-moment brain signal variability involved in the identity of the self and others. The evidence presented here adds to a growing literature highlighting the relevance of neural variability for understanding brain-behavior relationships.
{"title":"Brain signal variability is reduced during self-face processing irrespective of emotional facial expressions: Evidence from multiscale entropy analysis","authors":"Miguel Rubianes , Francisco Muñoz , Linda Drijvers , Manuel Martín-Loeches","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior research shows that self-referential information (e.g., seeing one's own face) is prioritized in human cognition. However, the brain signal variability underlying self-processing remains scarcely treated in the literature. Additionally, less is known about whether the processing of self-referential visual content can be modulated by facial expressions of emotion, as these resemble more natural situations than neutral expressions. This study therefore investigated the brain signal variability underlying self-referential visual processing and its possible interaction with emotional facial expressions, as indexed by multiscale entropy analysis (MSE). This metric captures the temporal complexity or variability contained in neural patterns at varying timescales. Thirty-two participants were presented with distinctive facial identities (self, friend, and unknown) displaying different facial expressions (happy, neutral, and angry) and performed an identity recognition task. Our results showed that brain signal variability decreases in response to self-faces compared to other identities. Similarly, brain signal variability also decreases for friend faces relative to unknown faces. This reduction in complexity could be indicative of greater efficiency during the preferential processing of personally relevant stimuli. Furthermore, the data observed here show that self-processing is unaffected by facial expressions of emotion, suggesting an independent processing of identity from more dynamic facial information, particularly when the task demands are focused on identity recognition. These results provide novel evidence of the moment-to-moment brain signal variability involved in the identity of the self and others. The evidence presented here adds to a growing literature highlighting the relevance of neural variability for understanding brain-behavior relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.005
Maria Z. Chroneos , Marlene Behrmann , J. Patrick Mayo
The neural circuitry engaged in supporting eye movements has been well characterized, but fundamental questions remain about the necessity and sufficiency of the individual hemispheric contributions. To gain a better understanding of the neural correlates of oculomotor control, we measured horizontal smooth pursuit tracking behavior in 14 patients following childhood hemispherectomy. Relative to developmentally typical age-matched controls, patients exhibited a bilateral and asymmetric pursuit deficit with reduced ipsilesional but elevated contralesional eye speeds, and asymmetric accompanying ‘catch up’ saccades. The atypical pursuit behavior could not be explained by a sensory deficit associated with their hemianopia, as patients adjusted their eye position to maintain visibility of the target. The pursuit deficit was also not accounted for by a general motor impairment as patients made faster catch-up saccades than controls, particularly in the ipsilesional direction. These results, all of which hold irrespective of whether the right or left hemisphere is resected, demonstrate that patients can compensate for reduced pursuit speeds by modulating their saccade characteristics. Overall, this study represents the most comprehensive characterization of smooth pursuit disturbances in hemispherectomy patients. Our results elucidate: 1) the competence of a single hemisphere for generating pursuit and compensatory behaviors; 2) the lack of a hemispheric bias supporting pursuit given large-scale cortical disruptions; and 3) that intact horizontal pursuit likely requires the interaction of brain circuitry across both hemispheres.
{"title":"Bidirectional and asymmetric smooth pursuit deficits in childhood hemispherectomy patients","authors":"Maria Z. Chroneos , Marlene Behrmann , J. Patrick Mayo","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neural circuitry engaged in supporting eye movements has been well characterized, but fundamental questions remain about the necessity and sufficiency of the individual hemispheric contributions. To gain a better understanding of the neural correlates of oculomotor control, we measured horizontal smooth pursuit tracking behavior in 14 patients following childhood hemispherectomy. Relative to developmentally typical age-matched controls, patients exhibited a bilateral and asymmetric pursuit deficit with reduced ipsilesional but elevated contralesional eye speeds, and asymmetric accompanying ‘catch up’ saccades. The atypical pursuit behavior could not be explained by a sensory deficit associated with their hemianopia, as patients adjusted their eye position to maintain visibility of the target. The pursuit deficit was also not accounted for by a general motor impairment as patients made faster catch-up saccades than controls, particularly in the ipsilesional direction. These results, all of which hold irrespective of whether the right or left hemisphere is resected, demonstrate that patients can compensate for reduced pursuit speeds by modulating their saccade characteristics. Overall, this study represents the most comprehensive characterization of smooth pursuit disturbances in hemispherectomy patients. Our results elucidate: 1) the competence of a single hemisphere for generating pursuit and compensatory behaviors; 2) the lack of a hemispheric bias supporting pursuit given large-scale cortical disruptions; and 3) that intact horizontal pursuit likely requires the interaction of brain circuitry across both hemispheres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 266-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.004
Alba Jiménez-Bascuñán, Jaime Iglesias, Jorge F. Bosch-Bayard, Ela I. Olivares
Global/local biases in the visual processing of structurally complex stimuli occur under certain conditions of the beholder. Previous experiments using hierarchical letters (large letters made of small ones) have reported a global precedence in young adults. Here, we aimed to define neurophysiological markers of a possible global/local bias during the implicit processing of new faces. We performed two ERP experiments on young adults using hierarchical/compound facial stimuli, either congruent (eyes replaced by small faces) or incongruent (objects as eyes), with peripheral small objects and faces, respectively, grafted as distracters. In Experiment 1, the face-sensitive N170/VPP was largest for regular faces and progressively decreased through congruent and incongruent hierarchical faces, evidencing disruption of the global bias. In Experiment 2, N170/VPP was similar between both hierarchical faces and a new objects condition, likely due to the visual angle increase used to prevent a global bias. Moreover, an N200-350 with maximal amplitude for incongruent faces and objects appeared in both experiments, suggesting a perceptive mismatch with a canonical face template. Experiment 2 also revealed a posterior negativity ∼220–330 msec for objects and faces, likely indicating access to known categories, as well as an object-specific late positivity that could reflect pre-semantic, visual recognition of common objects. Source reconstruction highlighted the significant involvement of ventral (predominantly right-sided) visual regions in these ERP modulations. This experimental design can be useful to detect global/local biases and several markers of face and object processing related to individual differences and neurodegenerative diseases even before they manifest overtly.
{"title":"Neurophysiological markers of the global/local biases in face perception","authors":"Alba Jiménez-Bascuñán, Jaime Iglesias, Jorge F. Bosch-Bayard, Ela I. Olivares","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global/local biases in the visual processing of structurally complex stimuli occur under certain conditions of the beholder. Previous experiments using hierarchical letters (large letters made of small ones) have reported a global precedence in young adults. Here, we aimed to define neurophysiological markers of a possible global/local bias during the implicit processing of new faces. We performed two ERP experiments on young adults using hierarchical/compound facial stimuli, either congruent (eyes replaced by small faces) or incongruent (objects as eyes), with peripheral small objects and faces, respectively, grafted as distracters. In Experiment 1, the face-sensitive N170/VPP was largest for regular faces and progressively decreased through congruent and incongruent hierarchical faces, evidencing disruption of the global bias. In Experiment 2, N170/VPP was similar between both hierarchical faces and a new objects condition, likely due to the visual angle increase used to prevent a global bias. Moreover, an N200-350 with maximal amplitude for incongruent faces and objects appeared in both experiments, suggesting a perceptive mismatch with a canonical face template. Experiment 2 also revealed a posterior negativity ∼220–330 msec for objects and faces, likely indicating access to known categories, as well as an object-specific late positivity that could reflect pre-semantic, visual recognition of common objects. Source reconstruction highlighted the significant involvement of ventral (predominantly right-sided) visual regions in these ERP modulations. This experimental design can be useful to detect global/local biases and several markers of face and object processing related to individual differences and neurodegenerative diseases even before they manifest overtly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 205-227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.003
N. Vreugdenhil , E.H.F. de Haan , N. Root , L.L. Becerra , W. Brown , K. Kapadia , D.J. Lipomi , R. Rouw
Crossmodal correspondences – systematic mappings between stimulus attributes in different modalities – are ubiquitous in the general population. For example, high-pitched (vs low-pitched) sounds are commonly associated with elevated (vs low) positions in space, and rounded (vs angular) shapes tend to be linked to the term ‘Bouba’ (vs ‘Kiki’). There is still some debate about the role of immediate sensory experience versus conceptual colour understanding in crossmodal correspondences. In individuals with touch-colour synaesthesia – a rare condition in which colours are consciously experienced during haptic stimulation – associations are plausibly driven by sensory processes. However it is not known if touch-colour associations in non-synaesthetes also rely on sensory processes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that intact sensory (colour) processes are an optional, but not necessary, condition for crossmodal correspondences between touch and colour. We tested this hypothesis by comparing texture-colour associations in an achromatopsic observer, M.S., to those of matched controls. In a forced-choice task, M.S. (N = 1) reported associations between texture and colour that were very similar to control participants with typical colour vision (N = 17) when the response options were colour terms (words), but not when the response options were colour patches (hues). Our results indicate that typical (non-synaesthete) touch-colour associations can occur without sensory colour perception, suggesting that conceptual understanding of colour may be sufficient for touch–colour associations.
{"title":"Exploring touch-colour associations in achromatopsia: A case study","authors":"N. Vreugdenhil , E.H.F. de Haan , N. Root , L.L. Becerra , W. Brown , K. Kapadia , D.J. Lipomi , R. Rouw","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crossmodal correspondences – systematic mappings between stimulus attributes in different modalities – are ubiquitous in the general population. For example, high-pitched (<em>vs</em> low-pitched) sounds are commonly associated with elevated (<em>vs</em> low) positions in space, and rounded (<em>vs</em> angular) shapes tend to be linked to the term ‘Bouba’ (<em>vs</em> ‘Kiki’). There is still some debate about the role of immediate sensory experience versus conceptual colour understanding in crossmodal correspondences. In individuals with touch-colour synaesthesia – a rare condition in which colours are consciously experienced during haptic stimulation – associations are plausibly driven by sensory processes. However it is not known if touch-colour associations in non-synaesthetes also rely on sensory processes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that intact sensory (colour) processes are an optional, but not necessary, condition for crossmodal correspondences between touch and colour. We tested this hypothesis by comparing texture-colour associations in an achromatopsic observer, M.S., to those of matched controls. In a forced-choice task, M.S. (<em>N</em> = 1) reported associations between texture and colour that were very similar to control participants with typical colour vision (<em>N</em> = 17) when the response options were colour <em>terms</em> (words), but not when the response options were colour <em>patches</em> (hues). Our results indicate that typical (non-synaesthete) touch-colour associations can occur without sensory colour perception, suggesting that conceptual understanding of colour may be sufficient for touch–colour associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 283-291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.006
Riccardo Sacripante , Tabitha James , Michael Hornberger , Joshua Blake , Louis Renoult
The Apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) genetic variant is notoriously linked to enhanced risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Several studies have examined how this allele could influence cognitive functioning in healthy adults, and whether ε4 carriers show a subtle cognitive decline that would indicate preclinical AD pathology. Research has predominantly focused on episodic memory, where ε4 carriers are usually impaired, while semantic memory functioning has received less attention. To evaluate current evidence on the influence of APOE ε4 on semantic memory, we systematically reviewed the research literature assessing semantic memory in non-clinical adult populations according to the PRISMA guidelines. We reviewed 17 studies that revealed high heterogeneity in how semantic memory is conceptualised and assessed. When tested via standard neuropsychological tests (i.e., category fluency, naming, language comprehension, and general knowledge), ε4 carriers did not significantly differ from non-carriers. Instead, ε4 carriers showed lower performance than non-carriers when assessed via more complex semantic memory tasks (i.e., longer category fluency tasks, autobiographical memory tasks, measures of semantic clustering). The impact of APOE ε4 on semantic memory thus appears to be restricted to these more complex tasks, which could constitute a better match to episodic memory tasks for which APOE effects are typically observed, though a mediating role of executive functions should also be considered. Future research investigating autobiographical memory retrieval in ε4 carriers could provide a more sensitive and ecologically valid assessment of semantic memory and would help disentangle personal and general forms of semantic memory.
{"title":"Semantic memory in healthy apolipoprotein ε4 carriers: A systematic review","authors":"Riccardo Sacripante , Tabitha James , Michael Hornberger , Joshua Blake , Louis Renoult","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (<em>APOE</em> ε4) genetic variant is notoriously linked to enhanced risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Several studies have examined how this allele could influence cognitive functioning in healthy adults, and whether ε4 carriers show a subtle cognitive decline that would indicate preclinical AD pathology. Research has predominantly focused on episodic memory, where ε4 carriers are usually impaired, while semantic memory functioning has received less attention. To evaluate current evidence on the influence of <em>APOE</em> ε4 on semantic memory, we systematically reviewed the research literature assessing semantic memory in non-clinical adult populations according to the PRISMA guidelines. We reviewed 17 studies that revealed high heterogeneity in how semantic memory is conceptualised and assessed. When tested via standard neuropsychological tests (i.e., category fluency, naming, language comprehension, and general knowledge), ε4 carriers did not significantly differ from non-carriers. Instead, ε4 carriers showed lower performance than non-carriers when assessed via more complex semantic memory tasks (i.e., longer category fluency tasks, autobiographical memory tasks, measures of semantic clustering). The impact of <em>APOE</em> ε4 on semantic memory thus appears to be restricted to these more complex tasks, which could constitute a better match to episodic memory tasks for which <em>APOE</em> effects are typically observed, though a mediating role of executive functions should also be considered. Future research investigating autobiographical memory retrieval in ε4 carriers could provide a more sensitive and ecologically valid assessment of semantic memory and would help disentangle personal and general forms of semantic memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 228-244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.020
S. Wehle, C. Gundlach, M.M. Müller
Effects of location- and object-based attention on sensory processing have been mostly studied in isolation leaving the relations between them less well understood. In an EEG experiment, temporal dynamics of location- and object-based attention were investigated with a probabilistic spatial cueing task to test temporal differences between sensory enhancement of two locations in one object. Stimuli consisted of two vertical rectangles/bars filled with a random noise pattern. Each rectangle was superimposed by two flickering clouds of dots to elicit steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) that tagged the two ends of each object. A central cue pointed either to one (single cue) or to two (double cue) task-relevant locations on the bar. Targets occurred with a much higher probability on the cued location, and with a lower probability on uncued locations. Uncued locations were equidistant to the cued location either on the same object (unattended same) or the different object (unattended different). We replicated the finding of longer reaction times for targets at the uncued object (uncued different) compared to the uncued location of the cued object (uncued same). SSVEP amplitudes were significantly modulated by spatial and object-based integration relative to the pre-cue baseline. Interestingly, results indicated (a) an earlier enhancement of SSVEP amplitudes and (b) a sustained higher SSVEP amplitude for the cued compared to the uncued location of the same object. These results are in line with previous studies suggesting that object integration involves sequential activation and sustained enhanced activation of the to-be-attended attribute after the integration process.
{"title":"Neural dynamics of shifting visual attention between objects and locations in early visual cortex","authors":"S. Wehle, C. Gundlach, M.M. Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effects of location- and object-based attention on sensory processing have been mostly studied in isolation leaving the relations between them less well understood. In an EEG experiment, temporal dynamics of location- and object-based attention were investigated with a probabilistic spatial cueing task to test temporal differences between sensory enhancement of two locations in one object. Stimuli consisted of two vertical rectangles/bars filled with a random noise pattern. Each rectangle was superimposed by two flickering clouds of dots to elicit steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) that tagged the two ends of each object. A central cue pointed either to one (single cue) or to two (double cue) task-relevant locations on the bar. Targets occurred with a much higher probability on the cued location, and with a lower probability on uncued locations. Uncued locations were equidistant to the cued location either on the same object (unattended same) or the different object (unattended different). We replicated the finding of longer reaction times for targets at the uncued object (uncued different) compared to the uncued location of the cued object (uncued same). SSVEP amplitudes were significantly modulated by spatial and object-based integration relative to the pre-cue baseline. Interestingly, results indicated (a) an earlier enhancement of SSVEP amplitudes and (b) a sustained higher SSVEP amplitude for the cued compared to the uncued location of the same object. These results are in line with previous studies suggesting that object integration involves sequential activation and sustained enhanced activation of the to-be-attended attribute after the integration process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 292-304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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