Pub Date : 2011-05-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01351.x
R. Anderton, Tadios Tewolde
This paper aims to shed light on why the downturn in global trade during the intensification of the financial crisis in 2008Q4–2009Q1 was so severe and synchronised across the world and also examines the subsequent recovery in global trade during 2009Q2–2010Q1. The paper finds that a structural imports function which captures the different and time‐varying import‐intensities of the components of total final expenditure – consumption, investment, government expenditure, exports, etc. – can explain the sharp decline in global imports of goods and services. By contrast, a specification based on aggregate total expenditure cannot fully capture the global trade downturn. In particular, panel estimates for a large number of OECD countries based on the individual components of expenditure suggest that the high import‐intensity of exports at the country‐level can explain a significant proportion of the decline in world imports during the crisis, while declines in the highly import‐intensive expenditure category of investment also contributed to the remaining fall in global trade. At the same time, the high and rising import‐intensity of exports also reflects and captures the rapid growth in ‘vertical specialisation’, suggesting that widespread global production chains may have amplified the downturn in world trade and partly explains its high degree of synchronisation across the globe. In addition, the estimates find that stockbuilding, business confidence and credit conditions also played a role in the global trade downturn. Meanwhile, the global trade recovery (2009Q2–2010Q1) can only be partially explained by differential elasticities for the components of demand (although the results confirm that the upturn in OECD imports was also driven by strong export growth and the reactivation of global production chains, as well as the recovery in stockbuilding and the fiscal stimulus). This may be in part because of the many policy measures that were implemented to boost global trade at that time and which cannot be captured by the specification. The paper is also a pseudo‐real‐time robustness test of the specification in that the first analysis of the global trade downturn is based on the data available at the time (i.e. October 2009 vintage), while an updated analysis of the global downturn as well as the trade upturn is based on a more recent dataset (i.e. October 2010 vintage). The results for the global downturn remain robust regardless of which vintage of the dataset is used.
{"title":"The Global Financial Crisis: Understanding the Global Trade Downturn and Recovery","authors":"R. Anderton, Tadios Tewolde","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01351.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01351.x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to shed light on why the downturn in global trade during the intensification of the financial crisis in 2008Q4–2009Q1 was so severe and synchronised across the world and also examines the subsequent recovery in global trade during 2009Q2–2010Q1. The paper finds that a structural imports function which captures the different and time‐varying import‐intensities of the components of total final expenditure – consumption, investment, government expenditure, exports, etc. – can explain the sharp decline in global imports of goods and services. By contrast, a specification based on aggregate total expenditure cannot fully capture the global trade downturn. In particular, panel estimates for a large number of OECD countries based on the individual components of expenditure suggest that the high import‐intensity of exports at the country‐level can explain a significant proportion of the decline in world imports during the crisis, while declines in the highly import‐intensive expenditure category of investment also contributed to the remaining fall in global trade. At the same time, the high and rising import‐intensity of exports also reflects and captures the rapid growth in ‘vertical specialisation’, suggesting that widespread global production chains may have amplified the downturn in world trade and partly explains its high degree of synchronisation across the globe. In addition, the estimates find that stockbuilding, business confidence and credit conditions also played a role in the global trade downturn. Meanwhile, the global trade recovery (2009Q2–2010Q1) can only be partially explained by differential elasticities for the components of demand (although the results confirm that the upturn in OECD imports was also driven by strong export growth and the reactivation of global production chains, as well as the recovery in stockbuilding and the fiscal stimulus). This may be in part because of the many policy measures that were implemented to boost global trade at that time and which cannot be captured by the specification. The paper is also a pseudo‐real‐time robustness test of the specification in that the first analysis of the global trade downturn is based on the data available at the time (i.e. October 2009 vintage), while an updated analysis of the global downturn as well as the trade upturn is based on a more recent dataset (i.e. October 2010 vintage). The results for the global downturn remain robust regardless of which vintage of the dataset is used.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113986598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0106.2011.00545.x
Young Hoon Lee, M. Cheng
Total factor productivity growth of the five ASEAN founding members is estimated by decomposing total factor productivity growth into technical efficiency and technological progress. By using the stochastic frontier model with individual‐specific temporal pattern of technical efficiency for the period of 1981–2003, the present paper identifies the unique temporal pattern of productivity changes in each country, to analyze the relationship between country characteristics and the inherent efficiency and productivity changes. The empirical results indicate that over the study period, growth in Singapore and Malaysia was largely driven by both technological progress and input accumulation, whereas growth in Thailand was induced by an improvement in technical efficiency and through input accumulation.
{"title":"Catching‐Up and Technological Progress of the ASEAN Economies","authors":"Young Hoon Lee, M. Cheng","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0106.2011.00545.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2011.00545.x","url":null,"abstract":"Total factor productivity growth of the five ASEAN founding members is estimated by decomposing total factor productivity growth into technical efficiency and technological progress. By using the stochastic frontier model with individual‐specific temporal pattern of technical efficiency for the period of 1981–2003, the present paper identifies the unique temporal pattern of productivity changes in each country, to analyze the relationship between country characteristics and the inherent efficiency and productivity changes. The empirical results indicate that over the study period, growth in Singapore and Malaysia was largely driven by both technological progress and input accumulation, whereas growth in Thailand was induced by an improvement in technical efficiency and through input accumulation.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131896351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Moncada-Paternò-Castello, M. Vivarelli, P. Voigt
The globalization of R&D activities has continued its growth path as companies are increasingly trying to capture knowledge and market opportunities internationally. The rapid evolution of national economies and the ways to conduct knowledge-intensive businesses has led researchers and analysts to pursue a deeper understanding of the globalization of corporate R&D and the related driving factors and impacts. This introduction to the Special Section: "Globalization and Corporate R&D" forthcoming in Industrial and Corporate Change (vol. 20 (2), April 2011) provides an update of trends in the globalization of corporate R&D. It reviews the literature on the main drivers and impacts of the process under investigation, introduces the papers for this Special Section, and offers some concluding remarks.
{"title":"Drivers and Impacts in the Globalization of Corporate R&D: An Introduction Based on the European Experience","authors":"P. Moncada-Paternò-Castello, M. Vivarelli, P. Voigt","doi":"10.1093/ICC/DTR005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ICC/DTR005","url":null,"abstract":"The globalization of R&D activities has continued its growth path as companies are increasingly trying to capture knowledge and market opportunities internationally. The rapid evolution of national economies and the ways to conduct knowledge-intensive businesses has led researchers and analysts to pursue a deeper understanding of the globalization of corporate R&D and the related driving factors and impacts. This introduction to the Special Section: \"Globalization and Corporate R&D\" forthcoming in Industrial and Corporate Change (vol. 20 (2), April 2011) provides an update of trends in the globalization of corporate R&D. It reviews the literature on the main drivers and impacts of the process under investigation, introduces the papers for this Special Section, and offers some concluding remarks.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122350005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russia is one of the most energy- and carbon-intensive countries in the world. The high level of technical abrasion and a low level of investments into modernization of the Russian energy industry cause huge energy wastage and carbon emissions. This situation is regarded by countries relying on energy imports from Russia as an increasing threat to security of supply and as a major barrier to global climate change policy. This paper provides an overview of the current and future Russian energy efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation policies. The focus is laid on the detailed investigation of the progress and future potential of the market-oriented mechanisms Joint Implementation (JI) and Green Investment Scheme (GIS), being considered as two possible channels for FDI in transnational energy efficiency and carbon mitigation projects. The analysis was conducted by reviewing the relevant scientific and non-scientific literature including a variety of theoretical and practice-oriented arguments. Based on this assessment, we conclude that JI and GIS are confronted with numerous barriers in the Russian energy market. We further scrutinize the ability of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs), as one of the market intermediary models, to overcome some of these barriers in the process of effectively integrating JI and GIS in their long-term business strategies. Due to the compatibility of the main features of JI and GIS with the working procedures under the ESCO model we conclude that numerous synergy effects can be generated and that the majority of transaction barriers specific for the Russian energy market can be overcome. Such an integrative framework for international energy efficiency and carbon mitigation projects would contribute to the modernization of the Russian energy industry and enable a “win-win” situation for foreign companies seeking to invest in a sustainable manner.
{"title":"Towards an Efficient and Low-Carbon Economy Post-2012: Opportunities and Barriers for Foreign Companies in the Russian Market","authors":"Maria Garbuzova-Schlifter, R. Madlener","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1892825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1892825","url":null,"abstract":"Russia is one of the most energy- and carbon-intensive countries in the world. The high level of technical abrasion and a low level of investments into modernization of the Russian energy industry cause huge energy wastage and carbon emissions. This situation is regarded by countries relying on energy imports from Russia as an increasing threat to security of supply and as a major barrier to global climate change policy. This paper provides an overview of the current and future Russian energy efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation policies. The focus is laid on the detailed investigation of the progress and future potential of the market-oriented mechanisms Joint Implementation (JI) and Green Investment Scheme (GIS), being considered as two possible channels for FDI in transnational energy efficiency and carbon mitigation projects. The analysis was conducted by reviewing the relevant scientific and non-scientific literature including a variety of theoretical and practice-oriented arguments. Based on this assessment, we conclude that JI and GIS are confronted with numerous barriers in the Russian energy market. We further scrutinize the ability of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs), as one of the market intermediary models, to overcome some of these barriers in the process of effectively integrating JI and GIS in their long-term business strategies. Due to the compatibility of the main features of JI and GIS with the working procedures under the ESCO model we conclude that numerous synergy effects can be generated and that the majority of transaction barriers specific for the Russian energy market can be overcome. Such an integrative framework for international energy efficiency and carbon mitigation projects would contribute to the modernization of the Russian energy industry and enable a “win-win” situation for foreign companies seeking to invest in a sustainable manner.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115741482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the paper the authors presented analysis of fitting the following distributions: normal, t-Student, α-stable, hyperbolic, generalized hyperbolic, normal inverse Gaussian, generalized hyperbolic t-Student and general error distribution to the empirical series of WIG20 returns in the situation of extreme tide turning on the WSE. There were analysed daily logarithmic rates of returns of WIG20 index quoted on the WSE in two periods: the period of intensive rising trend 17 May 2005-05 July 2007 and the period of intensive declining trend 06 July 2007-17 February 2009. The results of the study show that the characteristics of real rates of returns art the best reflected by the same distributions in the both analysed periods. The best fitted distributions belong to the family of generalized hyperbolic distributions.
{"title":"Return Rates of WIG20 Index in the Situation of Extreme Tide Turning on the Warsaw Stock Exchange","authors":"Krzysztof Piasecki, Edyta Tomasik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1728991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1728991","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper the authors presented analysis of fitting the following distributions: normal, t-Student, α-stable, hyperbolic, generalized hyperbolic, normal inverse Gaussian, generalized hyperbolic t-Student and general error distribution to the empirical series of WIG20 returns in the situation of extreme tide turning on the WSE. There were analysed daily logarithmic rates of returns of WIG20 index quoted on the WSE in two periods: the period of intensive rising trend 17 May 2005-05 July 2007 and the period of intensive declining trend 06 July 2007-17 February 2009. The results of the study show that the characteristics of real rates of returns art the best reflected by the same distributions in the both analysed periods. The best fitted distributions belong to the family of generalized hyperbolic distributions.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123881135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses the question of how agricultural subsidies influence the US exports of six agricultural products to Canada and Mexico. Time span is from 1996 to 2005. The dollar values of export data of six agricultural products - corn, wheat, cotton, rice, barley, grain sorghum - are pulled from United States Department of Agriculture. Therefore, amount of subsidies paid for each crop in each year throughout the time period are gathered from the Environmental Working Group. US agricultural raw material exports as percentage of total merchandise exports (USAGREX), GDP, GDP per capita, population variables are obtained from World Development Indicators database and IMF. Utilizing these variables, regression analysis was conducted resulting in the followings: Subsidy is positively and significantly associated with exports. Every one percent increase in the subsidy leads to approximately 0.8 percent increase in the exports. One percent increase in USAGREX will increase exports approximately 1.6 percent. GDP of US is negatively, GDP of other countries positively impacting exports however they economically do not imply significance. GDP per capita and population variables are of no relevance.
{"title":"Impact of Agricultural Subsidies on US Exports to Mexico and Canada: Case Study of Selected Agricultural Products","authors":"A. Bakay","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1722049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1722049","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the question of how agricultural subsidies influence the US exports of six agricultural products to Canada and Mexico. Time span is from 1996 to 2005. The dollar values of export data of six agricultural products - corn, wheat, cotton, rice, barley, grain sorghum - are pulled from United States Department of Agriculture. Therefore, amount of subsidies paid for each crop in each year throughout the time period are gathered from the Environmental Working Group. US agricultural raw material exports as percentage of total merchandise exports (USAGREX), GDP, GDP per capita, population variables are obtained from World Development Indicators database and IMF. Utilizing these variables, regression analysis was conducted resulting in the followings: Subsidy is positively and significantly associated with exports. Every one percent increase in the subsidy leads to approximately 0.8 percent increase in the exports. One percent increase in USAGREX will increase exports approximately 1.6 percent. GDP of US is negatively, GDP of other countries positively impacting exports however they economically do not imply significance. GDP per capita and population variables are of no relevance.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129263371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the wake of the global crisis the International Monetary Fund (IMF) increased its exposure to low- and middle-income countries and boosted the overhaul of its lending approach to enhance its role in preventing crises. This paper tests whether IMF lending has targeted countries most affected by the crisis in order to dampen contagion effects and assesses to what extent the Fund's strategy has been driven by political-economy interests of its major shareholders. Results show that political similarity between borrowers and G7 governments has influenced the participation in IMF pro-grams, especially where the crisis was severe. In addition, the extent of the crisis and the economic interest of Western countries have affected the size of the loan.
{"title":"IMF Lending in Low-And Middle-Income Countries in the Wake of the Global Crisis","authors":"A. Presbitero, A. Zazzaro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1805005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1805005","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of the global crisis the International Monetary Fund (IMF) increased its exposure to low- and middle-income countries and boosted the overhaul of its lending approach to enhance its role in preventing crises. This paper tests whether IMF lending has targeted countries most affected by the crisis in order to dampen contagion effects and assesses to what extent the Fund's strategy has been driven by political-economy interests of its major shareholders. Results show that political similarity between borrowers and G7 governments has influenced the participation in IMF pro-grams, especially where the crisis was severe. In addition, the extent of the crisis and the economic interest of Western countries have affected the size of the loan.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114692548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the early 1990s, the number of Regional Trade Agreements has increased considerably across continents. This is resulting into increasing regional integration with substantial importance being given to cross-border connectivity development. India, a late subscriber of active RTA strategy, is enthusiastically venturing into cross-border connectivity exercises to enhance its trade integration with the neighbouring countries in recent period. Developing cross-border connectivity is currently receiving salience in the regional forums like SAARC, though limited progress has been made so far. In contrast, ASEAN is the only forum in Asia where substantial progress in integration through cross-border infrastructure augmentation has been witnessed. India has recently entered into FTA with ASEAN and is involved in several infrastructure augmentation projects in several ASEAN member countries. Given this background, the current paper seeks to analyze the Indian infrastructure development initiatives in the immediate and Southeastern neighborhood. The discussion covers the SAARC and ASEAN initiatives towards building physical infrastructure, as well as the recent aid for trade initiatives being undertaken in South and Southeast Asia. The paper concludes by drawing the lessons for SAARC members from the ASEAN experience.
{"title":"India's Recent Infrastructure Development Initiatives: A Comparative Analysis of South and Southeast Asia","authors":"A. Bhattacharyya, D. Chakraborty","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1624466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1624466","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 1990s, the number of Regional Trade Agreements has increased considerably across continents. This is resulting into increasing regional integration with substantial importance being given to cross-border connectivity development. India, a late subscriber of active RTA strategy, is enthusiastically venturing into cross-border connectivity exercises to enhance its trade integration with the neighbouring countries in recent period. Developing cross-border connectivity is currently receiving salience in the regional forums like SAARC, though limited progress has been made so far. In contrast, ASEAN is the only forum in Asia where substantial progress in integration through cross-border infrastructure augmentation has been witnessed. India has recently entered into FTA with ASEAN and is involved in several infrastructure augmentation projects in several ASEAN member countries. Given this background, the current paper seeks to analyze the Indian infrastructure development initiatives in the immediate and Southeastern neighborhood. The discussion covers the SAARC and ASEAN initiatives towards building physical infrastructure, as well as the recent aid for trade initiatives being undertaken in South and Southeast Asia. The paper concludes by drawing the lessons for SAARC members from the ASEAN experience.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130797572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-12DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00852.x
Suleiman Abu-Bader, Aamer S. Abu-Qarn
Ben-David and Papell's (1997) tests for structural breaks in trade ratios over the postwar period revealed that trade ratios exhibited structural breaks in their paths and that postbreak trade averages exceeded prebreak averages. They attributed these breaks to trade liberalization measures carried out during this period. We re-evaluate their results and find that for most countries the averages of actual postbreak ratios were below the averages of the extrapolated prebreak ratios and that a large share of the breaks coincided with the 1970s oil shocks. This would suggest that the oil shocks rather than trade liberalization may account for the breaks.
{"title":"Trade Liberalization or Oil Shocks: Which Better Explains Structural Breaks in International Trade Ratios?","authors":"Suleiman Abu-Bader, Aamer S. Abu-Qarn","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00852.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00852.x","url":null,"abstract":"Ben-David and Papell's (1997) tests for structural breaks in trade ratios over the postwar period revealed that trade ratios exhibited structural breaks in their paths and that postbreak trade averages exceeded prebreak averages. They attributed these breaks to trade liberalization measures carried out during this period. We re-evaluate their results and find that for most countries the averages of actual postbreak ratios were below the averages of the extrapolated prebreak ratios and that a large share of the breaks coincided with the 1970s oil shocks. This would suggest that the oil shocks rather than trade liberalization may account for the breaks.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124919835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, many Russian and Ukrainian households have experienced periods of economic marginalization. The role of this paper is to examine these social costs of transition, noting that official reporting underestimates the true scale of the problem, and the household responses to these costs.The discussions are based on both qualitative and quantitative research undertaken in numerous locations in Russia and Ukraine. One of the paper’s key arguments is that informal economic practices are crucial to many households and that a broad spectrum of coping tactics is employed.These tactics often reveal the unequal power relations that run through state – society and worker – employee relations and help detail the high levels of corruption that exist in post-Soviet societies. Furthermore, these tactics are entwined in the locations within which they take place and rely on high levels of social capital, ensuring that households would rather remain in their current location than migrate to cheaper regions.The paper concludes on a rather pessimistic note, arguing that, although Russian and Ukrainian households have ‘coped’ over the 20 years since the beginning of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the future poses new challenges.These include an ageing population, the increasing use of credit (default on which can lead to eviction) and the global recession, which leads to a decrease in opportunities in the informal sphere.
{"title":"Coping with the Social Costs of 'Transition': Everyday Life in Post-Soviet Russia and Ukraine","authors":"J. Round, C. Williams","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2289927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2289927","url":null,"abstract":"Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, many Russian and Ukrainian households have experienced periods of economic marginalization. The role of this paper is to examine these social costs of transition, noting that official reporting underestimates the true scale of the problem, and the household responses to these costs.The discussions are based on both qualitative and quantitative research undertaken in numerous locations in Russia and Ukraine. One of the paper’s key arguments is that informal economic practices are crucial to many households and that a broad spectrum of coping tactics is employed.These tactics often reveal the unequal power relations that run through state – society and worker – employee relations and help detail the high levels of corruption that exist in post-Soviet societies. Furthermore, these tactics are entwined in the locations within which they take place and rely on high levels of social capital, ensuring that households would rather remain in their current location than migrate to cheaper regions.The paper concludes on a rather pessimistic note, arguing that, although Russian and Ukrainian households have ‘coped’ over the 20 years since the beginning of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the future poses new challenges.These include an ageing population, the increasing use of credit (default on which can lead to eviction) and the global recession, which leads to a decrease in opportunities in the informal sphere.","PeriodicalId":107878,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Globalization (Sustainability) (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121448741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：