Cryogenics最新文献_第6页

Development of cryogenic DTE-type heat switch at 100 K for space application 应用于空间100k低温dte型热开关的研制

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104240

Priyavardhan Patel , Anjan Patel , Jitaksha Gajjar , Surendra Singh Sisodia , Vivek Kumar Singh , Sandip R Somani , R.R. Bhavsar

Heat switches are commonly used in space applications to thermally isolate sensitive detectors during high-temperature decontamination processes, protecting them from potential damage. They are also employed to ensure cryocooler redundancy by allowing selective thermal connection or disconnection, which enhances system reliability throughout the mission.

However, passive actuation heat switches often face challenges such as limited switching speed, sensitivity to environmental variations, and difficulty in precise control of the switching temperature.

To address these challenges, we are developing an actively actuated DTE-type heat switch with a weight of 200 g, designed to operate at 100 K with a 102 μm gap between the connecting interfaces. Different materials with distinct physical properties were selected to ensure optimal performance. Ultem 1000 was used for its high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which plays a critical role in bridging the 102 μm gap during actuation.

A detailed thermo-structural simulation was carried out, followed by experimental validation. The simulated switching ratio achieved was 182. In the OFF state, the thermal resistance was measured experimentally as 77.2 °C/W, compared to 80.11 °C/W in simulation. In the ON state, the thermal resistance was 1.63 °C/W experimentally and 0.56 °C/W in simulation. This design combines simplicity, a wide operational range, an appropriate switching ratio

{(γ}_{switch})

, and a switching time constant (

τ

_switch), making it an attractive solution for cryogenic thermal management in spaceborne sensor and cryocooler systems.

热开关通常用于空间应用，在高温净化过程中对敏感探测器进行热隔离，保护它们免受潜在的损坏。它们还用于通过允许选择性热连接或断开来确保制冷机冗余，从而提高了整个任务期间的系统可靠性。然而，被动驱动热开关往往面临着开关速度有限、对环境变化敏感、开关温度难以精确控制等挑战。为了应对这些挑战，我们正在开发一种重量为200 g的主动驱动dte型热开关，设计工作温度为100 K，连接接口之间的间隙为102 μm。选择不同物理性能的材料以确保最佳性能。Ultem 1000采用了高热膨胀系数（CTE），在驱动过程中起到了弥补102 μm间隙的关键作用。进行了详细的热结构模拟，并进行了实验验证。模拟得到的开关比为182。在OFF状态下，实验测量的热阻为77.2°C/W，而模拟的热阻为80.11°C/W。在ON状态下，热阻实验值为1.63°C/W，仿真值为0.56°C/W。该设计结合了简单性、宽工作范围、合适的开关比（γ开关）和开关时间常数（τ开关），使其成为星载传感器和制冷机系统中低温热管理的有吸引力的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on solidification characteristics of air-like nitrogen-oxygen mixtures in liquid hydrogen 液氢中类空气氮氧混合物凝固特性的实验研究

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104237

Shi Shangguan , Lei Wang , Rui Shi , Zhuolun Li , Zhangliang Xu , Hongbo Tan , Yanzhong Li , Gang Lei

Solid air accumulation poses a significant safety risk for liquid hydrogen systems, particularly when oxygen-enriched layers form on the solid surfaces. This study experimentally investigated the solidification of the air-like nitrogen–oxygen gas mixtures with different nitrogen–oxygen ratios in liquid hydrogen, documenting morphological characteristics through visual observation and compositional distributions via gas chromatography. The results showed that for the solidification of the gas mixture with a relative oxygen content of 21.96 %, the size of the formed solid particles varied within the range of 0.7 mm to 1.2 mm. Moreover, most of the solid particles were dispersed in the form of powder in liquid hydrogen, and a small portion of solid particles were accumulated to form sheet-shaped or block-shaped aggregates. Compositional analysis revealed significant oxygen enrichment at the solid surface, reaching the maximum relative proportions of 33.64 %. Similarly, gas mixture with 30.42 % relative oxygen content yielded smaller solid particles with a size from 0.5 mm to 1 mm during the solidification, and the morphology of the formed solid particles was basically identical to that formed under air-like condition. The solid air’s outer layer consistently exhibited oxygen enrichment with higher oxygen content in the injected gas mixture directly increasing oxygen concentration in the outer surface, which was demonstrated by the maximum relative oxygen proportion attaining 34.33 %. This work significantly expands the existing experimental database of the solidification of air in liquid hydrogen, and also provides valuable experimental reference for the safety design of cryogenic systems.

固体空气积聚对液氢系统构成了重大的安全风险，特别是当固体表面形成富氧层时。本研究通过实验研究了不同氮氧比的空气状氮氧混合物在液氢中的凝固，通过目视观察和气相色谱法记录了其形态特征和成分分布。结果表明：相对氧含量为21.96%的混合气体凝固时，形成的固体颗粒尺寸在0.7 ~ 1.2 mm范围内；大部分固体颗粒在液态氢中以粉末状分散，少部分固体颗粒在液态氢中聚集形成片状或块状聚集体。组分分析表明，固体表面氧富集显著，相对富集比例最大达33.64%。同样，相对氧含量为30.42%的混合气体在凝固过程中产生的固体颗粒更小，尺寸在0.5 mm ~ 1mm之间，形成的固体颗粒的形貌与类空气条件下形成的固体颗粒基本相同。固体空气外层持续富氧，注入气体混合物中氧含量较高，直接增加了外表面氧浓度，最大相对氧比例达到34.33%。该工作大大扩展了现有液氢中空气凝固的实验数据库，也为低温系统的安全设计提供了有价值的实验参考。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of YBCO superconductor magnetic bearing capability by using multiple bulks 利用多块体增强YBCO超导磁承载能力

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104233

Burcu Savaskan , Sait Barış Güner , Ali Yilmaz , Oğuzhan Uzun , Hakki Mollahasanoglu , Ufuk Kemal Öztürk

Five well-textured single grain YBCO rectangular samples, four of them 13.5 × 13.5 × 7.5 mm³ and one of them 27.4 × 27.4 × 7.5 mm³ in dimensions, were fabricated by top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) method using Nd-123 seeded. These samples were used to investigate the relationship between levitation force and guidance forces between the individual YBCO bulk and their different arrangements and involve permanent magnet (PM) and traditional monopole permanent magnetic guideway (PMG) for the high-Tc superconducting magnetic bearing applications. The levitation and guidance forces of the samples were experimentally measured using a cryogenic load cell setup by a custom-designed three-axis magnetic force measurement system. Additionally, two-dimensional finite element model based on the H-formulation was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 to simulate the magnetic interaction between the bulk and the magnet. It was found that the larger sample sizes and multi-bulk arrangements significantly enhanced both levitation and guidance forces compared to a single small bulk. General, the results underscore that, the spatial arrangement and size scaling of HTS bulks play a critical role in maximizing levitation force for superconducting Maglev vehicle and HTS bearing applications. The combined use of experimental and numerical modelling provides a valuable framework for optimizing next-generation HTS systems tailored for high-efficiency, high-stability levitation applications.

采用顶部种子熔体生长（TSMG）法制备了5个纹理良好的YBCO单晶粒矩形试样，其中4个尺寸为13.5 × 13.5 × 7.5 mm3, 1个尺寸为27.4 × 27.4 × 7.5 mm3。利用这些样品研究了不同排列方式下YBCO块体的悬浮力和导向力之间的关系，并对用于高tc超导磁轴承的永磁和传统单极永磁导轨进行了研究。采用特制的三轴磁力测量系统，利用低温测压元件对样品的悬浮力和导向力进行了实验测量。此外，利用COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0软件建立了基于h公式的二维有限元模型，模拟了体体与磁体之间的磁相互作用。研究发现，与单个小体积相比，较大的样本量和多体积排列显著增强了悬浮力和导引力。综上所述，超导磁浮体的空间布局和尺寸尺度对超导磁浮车辆和超导磁浮轴承的最大悬浮力起着至关重要的作用。实验和数值模拟的结合使用为优化下一代高效、高稳定悬浮应用的HTS系统提供了一个有价值的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of fatigue behavior on current-carrying capacity of laminated REBa2Cu3O7-x tapes in Liquid Nitrogen 液氮中疲劳行为对REBa2Cu3O7-x层合带载流性能的影响

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104235

Bin Li, Yue Wu, Dean Liu, Haoliang Xiang, Zhijian Jin, Yue Zhao

REBa₂Cu₃O_7−x tapes (REBCO) used in dynamic magnets are frequently exposed to cyclic mechanical stresses. However, the effect of fatigue loading on their performance remains insufficiently understood. This work investigates the influence of various fatigue conditions, including maximum stress, stress ratio (R ), fatigue frequency, and loading waveforms, on the current-carrying capacity of oxygen-free copper laminated REBCO tapes. Monotonic uniaxial tensile tests at in Liquid Nitrogen (LN₂) determined the tape’s irreversible stress (σ_irr) to be 396 MPa. After 10⁴ cycles of fatigue tests on laminated REBCO tapes, the I_c retention (I_c,rec/I_c0) remained ∼ 98.0 % under 95 % σ_irr and 100 % σ_irr loading, while it dropped to ∼ 95.0 % under 105 % σ_irr loading, indicating distinct damage mechanisms across stress regimes. Furthermore, lower R exacerbates fatigue-induced degradation of I_c, with the effect becoming more pronounced at higher maximum stress levels. Under extreme conditions (108 % σ_irr, R = 0.1), the I_c retention remained ∼ 95.0 % after 500 cycles at loading frequencies of 1 Hz and 5 Hz, but decreased to ∼ 89.8 % (1 Hz) and ∼ 90.3 % (5 Hz) after 10⁴ cycles. In contrast, I_c retention dropped to ∼ 93.5 % after just 500 cycles at 0.1 Hz, likely attributable to a more prolonged duration under maximum stress at lower frequencies. Additional 500-cycle tests (108 % σ_irr, R = 0.1, 0.1 Hz) using sinusoidal, triangular, and square waveforms showed comparable I_c retention (∼93.5 %) for sinusoidal/triangular waveforms, whereas the square waveform caused greater degradation (∼91.2 %), which is associated with longer peak-stress dwell time and sharper stress transition in the square waveform.

用于动态磁体的REBa2Cu3O7−x带（REBCO）经常暴露在循环机械应力下。然而，疲劳载荷对其性能的影响仍然没有得到充分的了解。本文研究了各种疲劳条件，包括最大应力、应力比(R)、疲劳频率和加载波形，对无氧铜层压REBCO带载流能力的影响。在液氮（LN2）中进行单调单轴拉伸试验，测得胶带的不可逆应力（σirr）为396 MPa。经过104次疲劳试验，在95% σirr和100% σirr载荷下，层合REBCO带的Ic保留率（Ic,rec/Ic0）保持在~ 98.0%，而在105% σirr载荷下，Ic保留率降至~ 95.0%，表明不同应力状态下的损伤机制不同。此外，较低的R加剧了疲劳诱导的Ic降解，在较高的最大应力水平下，这种影响变得更加明显。在极端条件下（108% σirr, R = 0.1），在1 Hz和5 Hz加载频率下，循环500次后，Ic保留率仍为~ 95.0%，但循环104次后，Ic保留率分别降至~ 89.8% （1 Hz）和~ 90.3% （5 Hz）。相比之下，在0.1 Hz下循环500次后，Ic保留率下降到93.5%，可能是由于在较低频率下的最大应力下持续时间更长。使用正弦、三角形和方形波形进行的额外500周测试（108% σirr, R = 0.1, 0.1 Hz）显示，正弦/三角形波形的Ic保留率相当（~ 93.5%），而方形波形的Ic保留率更大（~ 91.2%），这与方形波形中更长的峰值应力停留时间和更明显的应力转变有关。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study of liquid–vapor separation of cryogenic propellants under a ground-based magnetic compensation microgravity environment 地面磁补偿微重力环境下低温推进剂液汽分离实验研究

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104232

Ran Xu , Wubing Miao , Mingkun Xiao , Qingtai Cao , Yonghua Huang , Jingyi Wu , Guang Yang

Efficient gas–liquid separation of cryogenic propellants under microgravity is a critical prerequisite for ensuring their stable delivery in space applications. Nevertheless, the scarcity of experimental data at cryogenic temperatures in microgravity has left the associated mechanisms insufficiently understood. In this study, a ground-based experimental system was developed based on the principle of magnetic compensation, using liquid oxygen (LOX) as the working fluid to investigate gas–liquid separation under variable gravity conditions. The dynamics of gas bubbles in LOX and the separation performance of woven metal meshes under different gravity conditions were systematically examined. Using high-speed imaging and precise parameter measurements, the evolution of the gas–liquid interface in the presence of the mesh was analyzed, and the influence of inlet pressure on bubble behavior was further explored. Under the injection conditions with a bubble inlet temperature of 96 K, and the initial distance between bubble and mesh of 25 mm, the critical pressure difference for bubble passage increases from 0.03 MPa to 0.27 MPa when the gravity level decreases from 1 g₀ to 0.03 g₀. The bubble motion shifts from buoyancy-dominated to surface tension–dominated behavior, leading to lower rising velocities and longer residence times upstream of the mesh. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of efficient gas–liquid separation technologies for cryogenic propellants under micro- and reduced-gravity conditions.

低温推进剂在微重力条件下的高效气液分离是确保其在空间应用中稳定输送的关键前提。然而，由于缺乏在微重力下低温下的实验数据，人们对相关机制的理解还不够充分。本文基于磁补偿原理，以液氧（LOX）为工作流体，研制了一套地面实验系统，对变重力条件下气液分离进行了实验研究。系统研究了不同重力条件下液态氧中气泡的动力学特性和金属编织网的分离性能。利用高速成像和精确的参数测量，分析了有网格存在时气液界面的演化，并进一步探讨了进口压力对气泡行为的影响。在气泡入口温度为96 K，气泡与滤网初始距离为25 mm的喷射条件下，当重力从1 g减小到0.03 g时，气泡通过的临界压差从0.03 MPa增大到0.27 MPa。气泡运动由浮力主导转变为表面张力主导，导致上升速度降低，网格上游停留时间延长。这些发现为在微重力和失重条件下开发高效的低温推进剂气液分离技术提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on efficient production of high-quality slush nitrogen via actively regulated freeze-pressurization method 主动调节冷冻加压法高效生产优质污泥氮的实验研究

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104234

Wan Guo , Fushou Xie , Weiwu Peng , Di Yang , Yanzhong Li

Cryogenic slurries such as slush hydrogen and slush nitrogen are widely used in aerospace and superconductivity applications, making the mastery of large-scale, controllable, and efficient preparation technologies increasingly critical. While the traditional freeze–thaw method meets the demand for large-scale production, it suffers from low efficiency and lacks active controllability. This study aims to optimize the preparation process of slush nitrogen. A visualized experimental system utilizing a double-nested Dewar was designed and constructed to investigate the effects of various process parameters and operating conditions on production efficiency. Results indicate that the evacuation rate significantly influences slush morphology. Under experimental conditions, an evacuation rate of 3 L/s yielded highly flowable slush nitrogen, whereas a higher rate of 4 L/s produced only a conventional solid–liquid mixture. The distinction between high-quality slush nitrogen and ordinary mixtures was explicitly analyzed from the perspective of Ostwald ripening theory. Notably, pressurization was found to enhance preparation efficiency markedly, achieving an 87.5 % improvement compared to the freeze–thaw method. The experimental findings provide valuable guidance for optimizing the preparation process of cryogenic slurries.

泥氢、泥氮等低温浆料广泛应用于航空航天和超导领域，掌握大规模、可控、高效的制备技术日益重要。传统的冻融法在满足规模化生产需求的同时，存在效率低、缺乏主动可控性的问题。本研究旨在优化污泥氮的制备工艺。设计并构建了双嵌套杜瓦瓶可视化实验系统，研究了不同工艺参数和操作条件对生产效率的影响。结果表明，排水速率对泥浆形态有显著影响。在实验条件下，3l /s的抽气速率产生高流动性的污泥氮，而4l /s的抽气速率只产生常规的固液混合物。从奥斯特瓦尔德成熟理论的角度，明确分析了优质泥氮与普通混合物的区别。值得注意的是，加压可以显著提高制备效率，与冻融法相比，提高了87.5%。实验结果对优化低温浆料的制备工艺具有重要的指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Cryogenic thermophysical property measurements of thermally enhanced engineered Lunar regolith: ISRU subsurface thermal management system for Lunar surface science and operation 热增强工程月球风化层的低温热物理特性测量：ISRU用于月球表面科学和操作的地下热管理系统

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104229

Chullhee Cho , Victor Haxholdt , Vaneeza Rupani , Eric Silk , Omor Almamun , Samuel Heintz , Turner Person

A promising approach for thermal management in Lunar exploration involves conductive heat dissipation into the Lunar subsurface, leveraging the natural thermal gradient beneath the surface as a sustainable heat sink. Lunar regolith, an abundant in-situ resource on the moon, has been explored for this purpose, but its poor thermophysical properties (e.g., low thermal conductivity and specific heat) limit its effectiveness as a heat sink and thermal storage medium. This study presents an experimental demonstration of thermally enhanced, engineered Lunar regolith composites (ELC) that can be used as an in-situ subsurface heat sink for Lunar surface science and operations. The ELC incorporates a phase change material of paraffin and carbon microfibers for thermal enhancement. The cryogenic thermophysical properties of ELCs were measured under simulated Lunar conditions using the transient heat pulse method. ELCs showed more than two orders of magnitude increase (> 101-fold increase) in effective thermal conductivity at 96 K, and more than an order of magnitude increase (> 54-fold increase) at a target Lunar isotherm temperature of 255 K at the Lunar equator. The demonstrated performance indicates its feasibility for scalable, modular, and efficient in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) subsurface thermal management systems. The thermal effectiveness of the ELC-based subsurface heat sink was illustrated through thermal imaging of the conductive heat rejection to the fabricated ELC surrounded by bare Lunar simulant. This ELC-based heat sink concept can be tailored for Lunar rovers and instrument packages, enabling operational continuity during the Lunar night with reduced weight and volume compared to traditional thermal control systems.

在月球探测中，一种很有前途的热管理方法是将导热散热到月球地下，利用地表下的自然热梯度作为可持续的散热器。月球风化层是月球上丰富的原位资源，已经为此目的进行了探索，但其较差的热物理性质（例如，低导热系数和比热）限制了其作为吸热和储热介质的有效性。本研究展示了一种热增强的、工程化的月球风化层复合材料（ELC）的实验演示，它可以用作月球表面科学和操作的原位地下散热器。ELC采用石蜡和碳微纤维相变材料进行热增强。利用瞬态热脉冲法在模拟月球条件下测量了ELCs的低温热物理性质。在96 K时，ELCs的有效导热系数增加了两个数量级以上（增加了101倍），在月球赤道的目标等温线温度为255 K时，ELCs的有效导热系数增加了一个数量级以上（增加了54倍）。所展示的性能表明了其可扩展、模块化和高效的原位资源利用（ISRU）地下热管理系统的可行性。通过对裸月球模拟物包围下制备的ELC进行导热散热的热成像，说明了基于ELC的地下散热器的热效率。这种基于lc的散热器概念可以为月球车和仪器套件量身定制，与传统的热控制系统相比，它的重量和体积都更小，可以在月球夜间保持运行连续性。

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引用次数: 0

G-M type pulse tube cryocoolers operating at liquid helium temperatures: Progress, challenges and prospects 在液氦温度下工作的G-M型脉冲管制冷机：进展、挑战和前景

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104231

Ruize Li , Bo Wang , Haoren Wang , Zhicai Zhang , Keying Qian , Qinyu Zhao , Wei Chao , Wenqing Dong , Qiang Cao , Tao Jin , Zhihua Gan

Gifford-McMahon (G-M) type pulse tube cryocoolers operating at liquid helium temperatures (LHe-PTCs) are characterized by their high reliability, long operational lifetime, low vibration, and strong resistance to electromagnetic interference. These advantages make them irreplaceable in quantum physics, precision measurement, and advanced instrumentation. As modern scientific research advances toward larger scales and higher precision, increasingly stringent demands now emphasize the cooling capacity and efficiency of LHe-PTCs. This review systematically reviews the development of LHe-PTCs, focusing on two key directions: achieving higher cooling capacities and improving efficiency. The performance data of LHe-PTC commercial products are comprehensively summarized and compared. Although some progress has been achieved in improving the cooling capacity, the relative Carnot efficiency of the second-stage has remained around 1% over the past three decades, which has constrained the large-scale application of LHe-PTCs. In light of this research status, this review summarizes the progress on mechanisms of how real gas effect and the finite specific heat capacity of regenerator materials reduce cooling efficiency. Advances in efficiency improving methods including system coupling and the utilization of intermediate cooling power are highlighted. The challenges currently encountered and the future directions have been outlined. This study aims to guide the design of next-generation LHe-PTCs with higher cooling capacity and efficiency and serve as a valuable reference for researchers in quantum physics and scientific instrumentation.

在液氦温度下工作的Gifford-McMahon （G-M）型脉冲管制冷机（lhe - ptc）具有可靠性高、工作寿命长、振动小、抗电磁干扰能力强等特点。这些优点使其在量子物理、精密测量和先进仪器中不可替代。随着现代科学研究向更大尺度和更高精度的方向发展，对lhe - ptc的冷却能力和效率提出了越来越严格的要求。本文系统地回顾了lhe - ptc的发展，重点介绍了两个关键方向：实现更高的冷却能力和提高效率。全面总结和比较了LHe-PTC商用产品的性能数据。尽管在提高冷却能力方面取得了一些进展，但在过去的三十年中，第二阶段的相对卡诺效率一直保持在1%左右，这限制了lhe - ptc的大规模应用。针对这一研究现状，综述了真实气体效应和再生材料有限比热容降低冷却效率机理的研究进展。重点介绍了系统耦合和中间冷却功率利用等提高效率方法的研究进展。概述了目前遇到的挑战和今后的方向。本研究旨在指导具有更高冷却能力和效率的下一代lhe - ptc的设计，并为量子物理和科学仪器研究人员提供有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

The fabrication and cold test of a novel CCT dipole with slotless former 一种新型无槽原CCT偶极子的制备及冷态试验

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104230

Jiaxin Li , Zijie Lin , Zuoguang Li , Zhichao Chen , Jiulong Zhang , Xiao Liu , Siyu Ning , Shengquan Xue , Zhan Zhang , Shaoqing Wei

Canted Cosine Theta (CCT) magnets have been widely applied in high-energy accelerators and medical gantries. However, the traditional slotted former design has low electromagnetic efficiency due to the limitation of the slot wall. To meet the needs of next-generation accelerators for high-field strength, compactness, and low cost, a slotless CCT dipole magnet was developed in this study. This slotless CCT uses rib arrays instead of the traditional slotted former. This new design can simplify the magnet structure, minimize turn spacing and coil gap, improve electromagnetic utilization rate, and reduce fabricating costs. This study introduces the design and the fabrication of the slotless CCT dipole. The mechanical stress of the slotless CCT was analyzed and compared with the traditional CCT. Under 5 T background field, the load line of the slotless CCT dipole magnet reached 94.22 % at 4.2 K temperature. This study provides a new idea for further compact high-field superconducting CCT magnets.

斜余弦（CCT）磁体已广泛应用于高能加速器和医疗仪器中。然而，传统的开槽前设计由于受槽壁的限制，电磁效率较低。为了满足下一代加速器对高场强、紧凑和低成本的需求，本研究开发了一种无槽CCT偶极磁体。这种无槽CCT使用肋骨阵列，而不是传统的槽式前阵式。该设计简化了磁体结构，减小了匝距和线圈间隙，提高了电磁利用率，降低了制造成本。本文介绍了无槽CCT偶极子的设计与制作。对无槽CCT的机械应力进行了分析，并与传统CCT进行了比较。在5 T背景场下，无槽CCT偶极磁铁在4.2 K温度下的负载线达到94.22%。该研究为进一步研制紧凑的高场超导CCT磁体提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Liquified, Compressed, and Synthesized natural gas production for peak Shaving: Techno-Economic Evaluations 用于调峰的液化、压缩和合成天然气生产：技术经济评价

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104228

Vahid Pirouzfar , S.Mohammad Hossein Hosseini , Chia-Hung Su

This study focuses on three optimized production and peak shaving methods: Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), which were chosen for integration into the gas network. These three peak shaving methods were compared for the first time from both economic and technical perspectives to provide a beneficial solution for decision-making in peak consumption management and natural gas storage. To evaluate the technical viability and economic feasibility of these technologies, Aspen HYSYS was used for technical analysis, while the Aspen Process Economic Analyzer was employed for economic evaluation. The findings indicated that SNG produced from liquefied petroleum gas emerged as the most economically and technically favorable option for addressing the natural gas shortfall when compared to other alternatives. For the SNG system, spherical storage tanks with a total capacity of 100,000 tons of LPG are constructed. With the establishment of 10 stations, each containing 60 storage cylinders with a capacity of 1,770 tons, the shortfall in city gas is effectively managed. Additionally, the total expenses for six SNG stations were calculated, with the primary costs attributed to the storage tanks.

本研究重点研究了三种优化的生产和调峰方法：合成天然气（SNG）、液化天然气（LNG）和压缩天然气（CNG），并将其整合到天然气网络中。首次从经济和技术角度对三种调峰方式进行了比较，为调峰管理和天然气储气决策提供了有益的解决方案。为了评估这些技术的技术可行性和经济可行性，使用Aspen HYSYS进行技术分析，使用Aspen Process economic Analyzer进行经济评价。研究结果表明，与其他替代方案相比，液化石油气生产的SNG成为解决天然气短缺问题最经济和技术上最有利的选择。SNG系统建设了总容量为10万吨LPG的球形储罐。随着10个加气站的建立，每个加气站有60个储气瓶，容量为1770吨，有效地解决了城市燃气短缺问题。此外，计算了6个煤制天然气站的总费用，其中主要费用归属于储罐。

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