Cryogenics最新文献

{"title":"Comparative regasification thermal-hydraulics performance analyses of supercritical methane in tubes with different structures","authors":"Zhipeng Chen ,&nbsp;Haokang Deng ,&nbsp;Yizhong Wu ,&nbsp;Kang Wang ,&nbsp;Changliang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquefied natural gas vaporizers serve as prominent regasification equipment in engineering receiving terminals. Nevertheless, the lack of comparative data and dimensionless correlations hinders the optimization of heat exchanger tubes for vaporizers. In this paper, the comprehensive regasification thermal-hydraulics performance of supercritical methane (S-CH₄) in tubes with different structures—straight tube (ST), helical tube (HT) and coil tube (CT) is analyzed using computational fluid dynamics simulation methods. The variations of regasification thermodynamic parameters of S-CH₄ in ST, HT and CT are revealed. The effects of the ratio of heat flux to mass flux, pressure, buoyancy and gravity on the regasification heat transfer of S-CH₄ are also studied. Notably, the progressive supercritical boundary layer theory is adopted to explain performance differences. The key findings show that the curvature-induced centrifugal forces in HT and CT disrupt the symmetry of regasification kinetic parameters, enhancing the heat transfer coefficient by 28.5 % and 30.4 % compared to ST. As pressure increases, geometry-induced turbulence gradually diminishes relative to specific heat-driven thermal transport. ST exhibits the largest hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness with the upper part of 2.72 mm and the lower part of 1.74 mm due to buoyancy-driven stratification. ST demonstrates higher quantitative vorticity magnitudes in the boundary layer compared to HT and CT. Finally, three new dimensionless correlations incorporating a pseudo-boiling <em>K</em> number are respectively developed for S-CH₄ in ST, HT and CT, yielding the expression of <em>Nu</em>_b = <em>CRe</em>_bⁿ¹<em>Pr</em>_bⁿ²<em>K</em>ⁿ³. The negative exponents (−0.0714, −0.0729 and −0.0549) for <em>K</em> number can effectively clarify enhanced regasification heat transfer of S-CH₄ at elevated pressures. These findings can provide valuable insights for designing heat exchange tubes of vaporizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel off-design operation optimization method for a reverse Brayton refrigerator for boil-off gas reliquefaction","authors":"Baohua Chao ,&nbsp;Jinzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Huaiyu Chen ,&nbsp;Jin Shang ,&nbsp;Cui Lv ,&nbsp;Lei Yi ,&nbsp;Yicheng Li ,&nbsp;Jihao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes two optimization strategies that employ the genetic algorithm and corrected turbomachinery performance curves to enhance the off-design operation of a reverse Brayton refrigerator. Experimental validation was conducted to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in predicting dynamic parameters. The proposed optimization strategies modify the operating points of both compressors and the expander by adjusting their rotational speeds, enabling efficient operation across various off-design scenarios. The optimization results show that the two strategies achieve average coefficient of performance (COP) improvements of 5.06 % and 9.40 %, respectively, in the cooling down scenario. The analyses indicate that the fundamental mechanism of the optimization algorithm involves enhancing the expander efficiency and reducing the system’s mass flow rate. This study establishes a framework for off-design operation optimization for turbomachinery-based refrigeration systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of a low-speed cryogenic pellet injector using a pneumatic-driven mechanical launcher","authors":"J. Mishra ,&nbsp;P. Panchal ,&nbsp;H. Agravat ,&nbsp;M. Banaudha ,&nbsp;S. Mukherjee ,&nbsp;V. Gupta ,&nbsp;P. Nayak ,&nbsp;R. Gangradey","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A pneumatic-driven mechanical actuator-based low-speed cryogenic pellet injector has been developed and presented in this study. The objective of this technology development is to investigate the freezing and launching of large-sized pellets of gas species pertinent to disruption mitigation studies (DMS) in a tokamak plasma. For pellet freezing, a cryocooler-based refrigeration system has been used. The pellets are frozen <em>in-situ</em> in the gun barrel, connected to the cryocooler’s cold head. To facilitate pellet launching, a mechanical pneumatic launcher (MPL) has been designed and integrated into the gun barrel, enabling the launch of high-strength cryogenic pellets. Key MPL parameters influencing cryogenic pellet launching were characterized using a dedicated test bench and subsequently applied in experimental trials. Experiments are performed on cylindrical-shaped solid hydrogen pellets having <em>d</em>_p ∼ 4.2 mm and <em>l</em>_p/<em>d</em>_p = 1.5, where <em>l</em>_p and <em>d</em>_p are the length and diameter of the pellet, respectively. Compared to conventional gas gun injection methods, the MPL demonstrated a substantial reduction in required propellant pressure. The experiment was conducted for a propellant pressure range of 0.4 to 1.6 MPa, achieving corresponding pellet speeds of 80 to 140 m/s. Over 200 pellets were successfully launched, with the system achieving an injection reliability exceeding 90 %. Additionally, preliminary investigations into the pellet-shattering study have been initiated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance optimization of active temperature control for mechanical cryocoolers based on automated multiphysics co-simulation","authors":"Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Baoyu Yang ,&nbsp;Yuhan Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Tang ,&nbsp;Shangju Li ,&nbsp;Jinghao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for cryogenic technology applications is driving mechanical cryocoolers toward high-precision temperature control. In the meantime, the shortcomings of conventional control strategies in terms of adaptability and interference resistance are becoming progressively apparent, necessitating urgent improvements. However, current designs of cryocooler electronics and control systems still lack a comprehensive, efficient, and easily implementable simulation platform for active temperature control. Consequently, newly developed intelligent control strategies face significant challenges in verifying their effectiveness and performing multi-parameter tuning before implementation. In response to the millikelvin-level temperature stability requirements of the thermal control layer in the quantum satellite, this study proposes an integrated approach based on multiphysics co-simulation (named MPCS) and multidisciplinary optimization. By incorporating intelligent technologies such as automated workflows and efficient optimization algorithms, the proposed method accelerates the simulation process of active cryocooler temperature control systems and enables adaptive optimization of key controller parameters. The results show that the approach improves single-simulation efficiency by approximately 71.46%. Furthermore, by comparing the temperature control performance under various single-objective global optimization algorithms, the respective advantages of Fuzzy-PID and LADRC strategies in terms of response speed and disturbance rejection are validated, while strictly maintaining the required stability. This approach provides effective support for the engineering design optimization and tuning of cryocooler temperature control systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of adsorption storage systems for boil-off gas from LNG-powered ships based on typical adsorbents","authors":"Baifeng Yang ,&nbsp;Qingrong Zheng ,&nbsp;Shenhua Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient and safe utilizations of the boil-off gas (BOG) from LNG is crucial to its onboard applications. In this paper, the technique of adsorbed natural gas (ANG) was employed to adsorb the BOG released from a typical ship powered by LNG. Researches were conducted by designing the fuel supplying system consisting of the natural gas evaporated from the LNG vessel and that from the ANG. Aspen HYSYS was utilized to calculate the temperature and pressure of the BOG inside the vessel, and performances of adsorption equilibrium of methane were compared on four typical kinds of adsorbent which include HKUST-1, MIL-101(Cr), AX-21, and ZIF-8. Charging characteristics of the BOG-ANG system packed with the selected adsorbents were further evaluated by performing numerical simulations on a 1L storage vessel, which was typically designed to conduct the tests under the flow rate of methane corresponding to those required by the propulsion unit under typical working loads. The results indicated that, within the temperature–pressure range respectively 150 K-162 K and 1.0 MPa-1.6 MPa, HKUST-1 and MIL-101(Cr) were adsorbents having larger usable capacities (UC) for methane storage. At the BOG inlet flow rates associated with engine loads between 25 % and 100 %, HKUST-1 had a larger adsorption amount with the final pressure of the adsorbent bed being approximately a quarter of that of MIL-101(Cr). Meanwhile, using MIL-101(Cr) in the storage system increased temperature fluctuations in the adsorbent bed, leading to a more pronounced thermal impact on the system. It suggests that the ANG storage system packed with HKUST-1 can be more preferable for meeting the requirement of managing the BOG released from onboard LNG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility Study of the Mechanical Cooler System for LiteBIRD","authors":"Keisuke Shinozaki ,&nbsp;Kimihide Odagiri ,&nbsp;Keisuke Yoshihara ,&nbsp;Yutaro Sekimoto ,&nbsp;Tadayasu Dotani ,&nbsp;Ryuichi Fujimoto ,&nbsp;Katsuhiro Narasaki ,&nbsp;Seiji Yoshida ,&nbsp;Shoji Tsunematsu ,&nbsp;Masahito Isshiki ,&nbsp;Kenichi Kanao ,&nbsp;LiteBIRD Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>LiteBIRD</em> is the second strategic large-class mission of JAXA aiming to test inflation models. In this mission, cryogenic telescopes and low-temperature scientific instruments are needed to provide high-sensitivity. A mechanical cooler system will cool these telescopes to 5 K or lower, using the 4K-class Joule Thomson cooler (4K-JT) that provides 4.5 K and the 2K Joule Thomson cooler (2K-JT) that provides 1.7 K, which serve as the precoolers of the multistage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The 20K-class double-stage Stirling coolers (2ST) are also used as precoolers for the JT coolers and shield coolers. This paper presents a feasibility study of the mechanical cooler system and the status of these cooler developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of interior seed effects on levitation force in Melt-Grown YBCO superconductors by experimental and numerical methods","authors":"Ufuk Kemal Öztürk ,&nbsp;Babe Cheikh Abderrahmane ,&nbsp;Oğuzhan Uzun ,&nbsp;Murat Abdioğlu ,&nbsp;Sait Barış Güner ,&nbsp;Loïc Quéval","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel Top‐Interior Multi-Seeding Melt Growth (TI-MSMG) technique for fabricating high-performance YBCO bulk superconductors and explanations some physical background based on FEM modelling. The depth of the interior seed was gradually changed as 0, 2 and 4 mm (samples S0, S2 and S4, respectively) from the upper surface of the samples. By incorporating an interior seed into the precursor pellet, the TI-MSMG method enables systematic control over grain morphology and critical current density distribution. Magnetic levitation and guidance forces were measured using a three-axis force measurement system, and a two-dimensional finite element method (FEM) model based on the H-formulation of Maxwell’s equations was developed to simulate the electromagnetic behaviour of the superconductors with different seed positions.</div><div>Experimental and modelling results reveal that samples incorporating an interior seed (S2) exhibit significantly enhanced levitation and guidance forces compared to S0 and S4, attributable to improved inter-domain interactions and morphological consistency, so a better current coupling. The numerical simulations accurately reproduced the experimental findings, confirming the validity of the modelling approach. These findings indicate that the TI-MSMG process not only addresses some limitations of conventional top-seeding methods but also enhances levitation force performance through optimization of interior seed depth, thereby enabling more efficient and tailored designs for high-temperature superconducting systems such as magnetic levitation, energy storage, and superconducting motors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superconducting properties of commercially available solders for low-field applications","authors":"C. Hickman ,&nbsp;K.K.H. Leung ,&nbsp;A.H. Al-Tawhid ,&nbsp;B.W. Filippone ,&nbsp;P.R. Huffman ,&nbsp;E. Korobkina ,&nbsp;D.P. Kumah ,&nbsp;C.M. Swank","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solders with superconducting transitions around <span><math><mn>4</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>K</mtext></mrow></math></span> are useful in low magnetic field environments for AC current leads or in electrical and mechanical bonds. Accurate knowledge of these solders’ superconducting properties is essential for improving high precision experiments. We have measured the electrical resistance of five commercially-available eutectic or near-eutectic solders: 50%Sn-50%Pb, 60%Sn-40%Pb, 60%Sn-40%Pb-0.3%Sb, 52%In-48%Sn, and 96.5%Sn-3.5%Ag, down to <span><math><mn>2.3</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>K</mtext></mrow></math></span> and in applied magnetic fields from 0 to 0.1<span><math><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>T</mtext></mrow></math></span>. We report critical temperatures <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>, 90%–10% transition widths <span><math><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math></span>, and zero-temperature critical fields <span><math><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. Our best candidate for low-loss AC current wiring in low fields is 50%Sn-50%Pb, which has a zero-field <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>7.1</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>K</mtext></mrow></math></span> (with <span><math><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.6</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>K</mtext></mrow></math></span>), and remained high at <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>(</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>T</mtext></mrow><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>6.9</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>K</mtext></mrow></math></span> (<span><math><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.6</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>K</mtext></mrow></math></span>). We also report, for the first time, <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math></span> of 60%Sn-40%Pb-0.3%Sb and <span><math><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> of 96.5%Sn-3.5%Ag. Our <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3.31</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>K</mtext></mrow></math></span> (<span><math><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.08</mn><mstyle><mspace></mspace></mstyle><mrow><mtext>K</mtext></mrow></math></span>) for 96.5%Sn-3.5%Ag disagrees with a widely adopted value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veritrek-based thermal design and validation of spaceborne cooler micro-vibration isolation system combined with graphite sheets and vibration isolators","authors":"Hye-In Kim ,&nbsp;Bong-Geon Chae ,&nbsp;Hyun-Ung Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spaceborne cryogenic coolers generate undesirable micro-vibrations and excessive heat during on-orbit operations. Therefore, appropriate vibration isolators and thermal designs are required to ensure optimal cooling performance, mission lifetime, and vibration stability. In this study, we propose a thermal design strategy using graphite sheets with low stiffness and high thermal conductivity to enhance both the thermal control and vibration isolation performance of cryogenic coolers. The cooler assembly was optimized using Veritrek software, an advanced design optimization software based on a reduced-order model (ROM), to determine the optimal number of graphite sheet layers, radiator area, and thickness that meet the allowable temperature requirements of the cooler. In addition, free-vibration test was performed to verify the basic characteristics of the cooler assembly. The micro-vibration isolation performance of the applied graphite sheets was validated through micro-vibration test under a gravity offloading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A HTS-MI magnet cooled by neon pulsating heat pipes system","authors":"Tisha Dixit,&nbsp;Thibault Lecrevisse,&nbsp;Gilles Authelet,&nbsp;Matthias Durochat,&nbsp;Vadim Stepanov,&nbsp;Emeric Benoist,&nbsp;Antomne Caunes,&nbsp;Théophile Benoit,&nbsp;Bruno Maloeuvre,&nbsp;Edouard Pepinter,&nbsp;Philippe Fazilleau,&nbsp;Bertrand Baudouy","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reports the development and the successful testing of the first operational high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet cooled with a single two-stage cryocooler using two cryogenic pulsating heat pipes (PHP) as thermal links. The superconducting magnet is a metal-as-insulation (MI) REBCO double-pancake “10 T class magnet” built in-house and was operated at neon temperature (around 30 K). The superconducting magnet, the current leads, the cryogenic cooling system and scheme, the pulsating heat pipes and the overall experimental facility are detailed in length. The operational working limit, quench, alternating current (AC) losses and heat dissipation evaluations as well as constant current stability tests were performed and are methodically discussed. A maximum magnetic field of 4.24 T was reached during ramp-up, while a field of 1.72 T was maintained in direct current (DC) conditions for more than six hours with the neon PHPs evidently active. Numerous tests have verified that the cryogenic system, which includes the cryocooler, PHPs, thermal links and power regulation system, is sufficiently dynamic to cope with the transient heat generated by the superconducting magnet. The AC tests demonstrated that this test setup, with the aid of cryogenic PHPs and its power regulation system, can serve as an evaluation tool for power dissipation due to AC losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}