Cryogenics最新文献_第4页

Coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of racetrack NbTi superconducting coil under pressures and electromagnetic forces 压力和电磁力作用下赛道NbTi超导线圈的热-力耦合分析

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104267

Wei Zhou , Zhihua Zhang , Weiwei Zhang , Wei Liu , Donghui Liu

The racetrack NbTi superconducting coil is a critical component for high-field magnet applications especially maglev trains, yet its stable operation at 4.2 K presents significant challenges under mechanical and electromagnetic loads. The frictional heat generated at internal contact interfaces poses a particular threat to thermal stability, potentially leading to quench. This paper develops a sequential multiscale framework to investigate the coupled thermo-mechanical responses of the coil. A microscopic representative volume element (RVE) of the NbTi strand is established and homogenized to derive equivalent orthotropic properties, which are applied in the macroscopic finite element model of the racetrack coil. The coupled analysis is performed considering different contact settings under both external pressure and electromagnetic force loading conditions. The study highlights that internal strand contacts cause evident increase in local contact pressure and temperature, with the latter rising to 26.5 K under pressure loading condition, far exceeding the NbTi critical temperature. The critical contact pressure threshold is identified, beyond which rapid temperature escalation occurs. The temperature dependence is also discussed to evaluate the material variation. The proposed method provides an effective tool for assessing the multiscale thermo-mechanical behavior of superconducting coils and offers valuable insights for magnet design and stability optimization.

赛道NbTi超导线圈是高磁场应用特别是磁悬浮列车的关键部件，但其在4.2 K下的稳定运行在机械和电磁负载下面临重大挑战。在内部接触界面产生的摩擦热对热稳定性构成了特别的威胁，可能导致淬火。本文建立了一个顺序多尺度框架来研究线圈的耦合热-力响应。建立了NbTi链的微观代表体积元（RVE），并进行了均质化，推导出等效正交各向异性，并将其应用于赛道线圈的宏观有限元模型。考虑了外压力和电磁力载荷条件下不同接触设置的耦合分析。研究表明，内部链接触导致局部接触压力和温度明显升高，在压力加载条件下，局部接触压力和温度升高至26.5 K，远远超过NbTi临界温度。确定了临界接触压力阈值，超过该阈值，温度会迅速升高。还讨论了温度的依赖关系，以评估材料的变化。该方法为评估超导线圈的多尺度热力学行为提供了有效的工具，并为磁体设计和稳定性优化提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an integrated electric LO2 pump with wide operational adaptability 具有广泛操作适应性的一体化电动LO2泵的研制

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104262

Yanpi Lin , Jiahao Xu , Desheng Lin , Xiaojun Li , Zuchao Zhu

As a key component of the aviation propellant supply system, the liquid oxygen (LO₂) pump has characteristics of cryogenic and high oxidizing properties. With the development of aviation propulsion technology, performance requirements for LO₂ pump have shifted from a focus on high pressure ratio to the need for lightweight design, high reliability, and wide operational adaptability. This study has developed an integrated electric LO₂ pump with a wide flow adjustment capability of 1:20. The pump eliminates the mechanical seal structure and it is driven by a cryogenic, high-speed permanent magnet motor, with the pump and motor arranged coaxially, which achieves small axial length, light weight and high reliability. The motor rotor is directly immersed in the medium, allowing the medium to lubricate and cool the motor bearings. A shielding sleeve is installed on the inner wall of the motor stator to completely isolate the stator from the medium and achieve leakage free. This study can provide technical support for the application of integrated high-speed electric liquid oxygen pump technology in the aviation field.

液氧泵作为航空推进剂供给系统的关键部件，具有低温和高氧化性的特点。随着航空推进技术的发展，对液压泵的性能要求已经从以往的高压力比转向了轻量化设计、高可靠性和广泛的操作适应性。本研究开发了一种具有1:20大流量调节能力的集成式电动LO2泵。该泵消除了机械密封结构，采用低温高速永磁电机驱动，泵与电机同轴布置，轴向长度小，重量轻，可靠性高。电机转子直接浸入介质中，使介质润滑和冷却电机轴承。在电机定子内壁上安装屏蔽套，使定子与介质完全隔离，实现无泄漏。本研究可为一体化高速电液氧泵技术在航空领域的应用提供技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Characterizing strain-rate effects on discontinuous plastic flow in 316LN via digital image correlation with cryocooler cooling 用数字图像相关分析316LN中应变率对不连续塑性流动的影响

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104264

Liancheng Xie , Shanshan Wu , Zhen Geng , Jijun Xin , Zhiyuan Liang , Linjie Zhang , Bixi Li , Zichun Huang , Hengcheng Zhang , Hao Zhang , Wei Wang , Fuzhi Shen

The reliable utilization of structural alloys at cryogenic temperatures is limited by discontinuous plastic flow (DPF), a phenomenon that induces strain localization and compromises mechanical stability. This study examines the DPF behavior of 316LN stainless steel at 20 K across a range of quasi-static strain rates (3 × 10⁻⁵ to 6 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹) using a cryocooler environment. By integrating digital image correlation (DIC) with an elastoplastic constitutive model optimized via the Newton-Raphson method, this study quantitatively resolved the transient two-dimensional (2D) stress and strain fields on the specimen surface. The results identify two distinct DPF regimes: at higher strain rates within the quasi-static range, thermal accumulation moderates the flow stress, leading to gradual stress decay and transient strain localization. Conversely, at lower rates, the conditions promote abrupt stress drops accompanied by the formation of banded strain structures that impart lasting mechanical heterogeneity. This work establishes a correlation between strain rate, thermal dissipation, and DPF morphology, thereby providing a foundational framework for predicting and mitigating unstable flow in cryogenic applications.

结构合金在低温下的可靠使用受到不连续塑性流动（DPF）的限制，这种现象会导致应变局部化并损害机械稳定性。本研究在低温环境下测试了316LN不锈钢在20 K下准静态应变率（3 × 10−5至6 × 10−4 s−1）范围内的DPF行为。通过将数字图像相关（DIC）与基于Newton-Raphson方法优化的弹塑性本构模型相结合，定量解析了试件表面瞬态二维应力场和应变场。结果确定了两种不同的DPF状态：在准静态范围内的高应变速率下，热积累缓和了流动应力，导致应力逐渐衰减和瞬态应变局部化。相反，在较低的速率下，这些条件会促进突然的应力下降，并伴随带状应变结构的形成，从而赋予持久的机械非均质性。这项工作建立了应变速率、热耗散和DPF形态之间的相关性，从而为预测和减轻低温应用中的不稳定流动提供了基础框架。

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引用次数: 0

AC losses characterization of current-carrying NI HTS coils under radial and axial magnetic fields by a field-circuit coupled model 用场路耦合模型表征载流NI高温超导线圈在径向和轴向磁场下的交流损耗

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104263

Lihao Liu , Shuai Zhang , Pengbo Zhou , Zhibo Zhao , Ruichen Wang , Guangtong Ma

No-insulation (NI) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils are widely used in many applications because of their higher current density, excellent mechanical properties, and self-protection capability. However, because their current transmission path is not unique, the modeling of NI coils becomes more complex compared to the insulated one. In this paper, we have established a field-circuit coupling model based on the

J

-

A

formulation and validated its accuracy during both transient charging/discharging and external magnetic field exposures. The results indicate that the proposed model is capable of effectively characterizing the overall behavior and local characteristics of the NI HTS coils. Specifically, the local properties are validated against AC loss measurements under external alternating magnetic fields. Based on the developed model, a small-scale pancake NI coil was fabricated to investigate the factors governing the AC losses in such small pancake coils under both radial and axial background magnetic fields with DC transport current. Results reveal that axial fields induce significantly higher AC losses in NI coils compared to radial fields. Notably, under radial magnetic fields, the loss patterns of NI coils exhibit negligible differences from those of insulated coils. These insights contribute to magnetic field configuration optimization and loss management in NI coil applications.

无绝缘高温超导线圈由于具有较高的电流密度、优异的机械性能和自我保护能力而被广泛应用于许多领域。然而，由于NI线圈的电流传输路径不是唯一的，因此与绝缘线圈相比，NI线圈的建模变得更加复杂。在本文中，我们建立了基于J-A公式的场路耦合模型，并验证了其在瞬态充放电和外磁场暴露下的准确性。结果表明，该模型能够有效表征NI高温超导线圈的整体行为和局部特性。具体来说，根据外部交变磁场下的交流损耗测量验证了局部特性。基于所建立的模型，制作了一个小型煎饼线圈，研究了在直流输运电流下径向和轴向背景磁场下煎饼线圈交流损耗的影响因素。结果表明，与径向磁场相比，轴向磁场诱导NI线圈的交流损耗明显更高。值得注意的是，在径向磁场下，NI线圈的损耗模式与绝缘线圈的损耗模式表现出可以忽略不计的差异。这些见解有助于NI线圈应用中的磁场配置优化和损耗管理。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive theoretical framework for designing printed circuit-type cryogenic heat recuperators 设计印刷电路式低温热回收器的综合理论框架

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104241

Erick Moreno Resendiz , Nikhil Dani , Prasanna Jayaramu , Sarada Kuravi , Vimal Chaitanya , Mark Zagarola , Edgar R. Canavan , Krishna Kota

A theoretical framework has been developed for designing printed circuit-type heat exchangers (PCHE) used for heat recuperation in DC-type space cryocoolers. Unlike conventional recuperative heat exchanger (RHEX) models, this new approach comprehensively integrates all the design considerations of thermal, fluid, structural and size, weight, and power (SWaP) within a broad design space. In addition, it uniquely evaluates performance using three key design criteria: effectiveness, entropy generation, and the goodness factor, which were typically treated in isolation in prior models. The model has been validated against existing experimental data for heat exchangers and focuses on optimizing the RHEX’s geometric parameters—the channel length, width, height, and number—to maximize heat transfer while minimizing pressure drop, all within stringently defined design thresholds of a state-of-the-art reverse Brayton cryocooler. From an effectiveness standpoint, the optimal design favors fewer but longer channels, increasing heat transfer area, and reducing axial wall conduction. In contrast, minimizing entropy generation leads to a design with an increased number of shorter channels, which lowers the mass flow rate per channel and associated pressure drop. However, the goodness factor is mainly influenced by the aspect ratio of the channel rather than the absolute dimensions. Ultimately, the study reveals the following: (1) it is important to simultaneously include all of the design considerations for proper design and (2) optimizing for all three design criteria simultaneously is inherently challenging. As a result, RHEX design must prioritize the most relevant performance metric based on the specific requirements of the intended application instead of randomly choosing either effectiveness, entropy generation, or goodness factor as the guiding metric. The physical reasons behind the findings are also discussed.

建立了用于直流空间制冷机热回收的印刷电路式热交换器的设计理论框架。与传统的回热式换热器（RHEX）不同，这种新方法在广阔的设计空间内全面集成了热、流体、结构、尺寸、重量和功率（SWaP）等所有设计考虑因素。此外，它使用三个关键设计标准来独特地评估性能：有效性、熵生成和优良因素，这在以前的模型中通常是孤立处理的。该模型已针对现有的热交换器实验数据进行了验证，并专注于优化RHEX的几何参数——通道长度、宽度、高度和数量——以最大化传热，同时最小化压降，所有这些都在最先进的反向布雷顿制冷机严格定义的设计阈值范围内。从效率的角度来看，优化设计有利于更少但更长的通道，增加传热面积，减少轴向壁传导。相反，最小化熵生成导致设计中增加了短通道的数量，从而降低了每个通道的质量流量和相关的压降。然而，优度因子主要受通道宽高比的影响，而不是绝对尺寸。最终，该研究揭示了以下几点：(1)同时包括所有设计考虑因素对于适当的设计是很重要的；(2)同时优化所有三个设计标准本质上是具有挑战性的。因此，RHEX设计必须根据预期应用程序的特定需求优先考虑最相关的性能指标，而不是随机选择有效性、熵生成或优良因子作为指导指标。本文还讨论了研究结果背后的物理原因。

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引用次数: 0

Phase transformation and radiation-induced hardening in austenitic stainless steels at cryogenic temperatures 奥氏体不锈钢在低温下的相变和辐射诱发硬化

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104258

Błażej Skoczeń , Elwira Schmidt , Rafał Schmidt , Angelika Kaciuba

Accurate prediction of the behaviour of irradiated stainless-steel components operating at cryogenic temperatures is of fundamental importance for the scientific community engaged in the design and construction of superconducting particle accelerators. The high-field magnet structures employed in these systems are manufactured from metastable austenitic stainless steels, which are susceptible to strain-induced fcc-bcc martensitic transformation under extreme thermal and mechanical conditions. In addition, exposure to high-energy particle beams and the associated generation of secondary particle fluxes give rise to nano- and micro-scale radiation damage, originating from interactions between incident particles and the crystal lattice. A central challenge in understanding the mechanical response of these materials lies in quantifying radiation-induced hardening, which is governed by microstructural mechanisms such as the interaction of dislocations with irradiation-generated defects and secondary-phase precipitates. To investigate the effect of irradiation on the hardening behaviour of two-phase alloys, a closed-form analytical solution for the uniaxial stress state is particularly advantageous. Accordingly, a multiaxial constitutive model capturing plastic-strain-driven fcc-bcc phase transformation, together with a physically based model describing the evolution of radiation-induced defect populations, has been developed. On this basis, an original hardening model, formulated within a mean-field framework and grounded in the Orowan mechanism, has been proposed. Model predictions were evaluated against experimental data obtained both in-house and from the literature to ensure accurate calibration. The progression of microstructural changes accompanying the strain-induced transformation, as well as the accumulation of radiation damage, was examined in detail.

准确预测低温下辐照不锈钢元件的行为对从事超导粒子加速器设计和建造的科学界具有重要意义。这些系统中使用的高磁场结构由亚稳奥氏体不锈钢制成，在极端的热和机械条件下，易发生应变诱导的fcc-bcc马氏体转变。此外，暴露于高能粒子束和相关的次级粒子通量的产生会引起纳米和微观尺度的辐射损伤，这是由入射粒子与晶格之间的相互作用引起的。理解这些材料的力学响应的核心挑战在于量化辐射诱发硬化，这是由微观结构机制控制的，如位错与辐射产生的缺陷和二次相沉淀的相互作用。为了研究辐照对两相合金硬化行为的影响，单轴应力状态的封闭解析解是特别有利的。因此，一个多轴本构模型捕获塑性应变驱动的fcc-bcc相变，以及一个基于物理的模型描述辐射诱导缺陷种群的演变，已经被开发出来。在此基础上，提出了一个原始的硬化模型，该模型是在平均场框架内制定的，并以Orowan机制为基础。根据内部和文献中获得的实验数据对模型预测进行评估，以确保准确校准。详细研究了随应变诱导转变而发生的显微组织变化的过程以及辐射损伤的累积。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of boil-off gas in cryogenic tanks using a multi-zone thermodynamic model: filling height effects 用多区热力学模型预测低温储罐中蒸发气体：填充高度效应

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104256

Min Seok Kim, Min-Seok Kim, Jang Hyun Lee

This study presents a comprehensive modelling and validation framework for accurate prediction of boil-off gas (BOG) in open-vent (quasi-isobaric) cryogenic liquid tanks containing LNG, LH₂, or LN₂. A multi-zone thermodynamic model (M–TDM) partitions the tank into vapour, interfacial, and liquid zones and couples them through a thermal-resistance network that resolves zone-specific, time-varying heat ingress as the instantaneous filling height evolves.

Whereas conventional TDM models estimate BOG with emphasis on total heat input and latent heat, the proposed M–TDM provides a more detailed treatment by explicitly modelling convective heat-transfer coefficients and effective contact areas, and by decomposing heat ingress into wall–to–liquid, wall–to–vapour, and interfacial components.

To verify the model’s predictive capability, experimental validation was conducted under open-vent operation using a horizontal Type-C LN₂ tank at three initial filling ratios (50%, 65%, and 80%), allowing quantitative comparison of time-dependent BOG rates. The M–TDM accurately reproduces the measured BOG trends with average errors below 5.4%, while achieving substantial computational efficiency—reducing the runtime from approximately 2.5 h (as required by SINDA/FLUINT) to about 10 s.

In particular, the results highlight that BOG generation is more strongly governed by the evolving wetted surface area and interfacial heat-transfer dynamics than by the initial fill level alone, offering new physical insights into cryogenic tank behavior. These findings demonstrate that the M–TDM, when combined with experimental validation and physical interpretation of filling-height effects, serves not merely as a numerical tool but as a physically grounded, experimentally supported methodology for insulation design, BOG management, and cryogenic system optimization.

本研究提出了一个全面的建模和验证框架，用于准确预测含有LNG、LH2或LN2的开放式（准等压）低温液体罐中的蒸发气体（BOG）。多区域热力学模型（M-TDM）将储罐划分为蒸汽区、界面区和液体区，并通过热阻网络将它们耦合起来，该网络可以根据瞬时填充高度的变化解决特定区域的时变热输入问题。传统的TDM模型在估算BOG时强调总热输入和潜热，而M-TDM模型通过明确模拟对流换热系数和有效接触面积，并将热输入分解为壁面-液体、壁面-蒸汽和界面组分，提供了更详细的处理。为了验证模型的预测能力，实验验证在开式操作下进行，使用卧式c型LN2罐在三种初始填充比例（50%，65%和80%）下进行，允许定量比较随时间变化的BOG率。M-TDM精确地再现了BOG的测量趋势，平均误差低于5.4%，同时实现了可观的计算效率——将运行时间从大约2.5小时（SINDA/FLUINT要求的）减少到大约10秒。特别是，研究结果强调，BOG的产生更强烈地受到不断变化的湿表面积和界面传热动力学的影响，而不是仅仅受到初始填充水平的影响，这为低温罐的行为提供了新的物理见解。这些发现表明，当M-TDM与实验验证和充填高度效应的物理解释相结合时，它不仅可以作为数值工具，而且可以作为物理基础的、实验支持的方法，用于隔热设计、BOG管理和低温系统优化。

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引用次数: 0

Cryogenic ultrasonic fatigue: mechanisms, advancements, and insights 低温超声疲劳：机制，进展和见解

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104257

MohammadBagher Mahtabi , Mojtaba Roshan , Md Muhiul Islam Muhit , Alireza Behvar , Meysam Haghshenas

As a high-throughput fatigue data generation testing technique, ultrasonic fatigue (USF) testing at 20 kHz enables rapid evaluation of fatigue behavior, particularly in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes. As temperature strongly influences deformation and fracture mechanisms, and given that many components in service experience cyclic loading under both ambient and non-ambient conditions, studying environment-dependent USF in the high-temperature isothermal and subzero cryogenic regimes has become essential for assessing damage mechanisms under extreme operating environments. At cryogenic temperatures, in particular, many materials exhibit increased stiffness and reduced fracture toughness, which often shift fatigue crack initiation from interior defects, typical of room-temperature HCF and VHCF, to surface or near-surface regions dominated by brittle cleavage or limited plasticity. This review establishes recent progress in cryogenic USF, emphasizing advances in testing methods, thermal management, and mechanistic understanding of crack initiation. It demonstrates that low-temperature USF not only accelerates fatigue assessment but also exposes how reduced temperature alters deformation and crack-initiation pathways, offering new insights for materials design and qualification in aerospace, cryogenic, and high-frequency engineering applications.

作为一种高通量疲劳数据生成测试技术，20 kHz的超声疲劳（USF）测试可以快速评估疲劳行为，特别是在高周疲劳（HCF）和甚高周疲劳（VHCF）状态下。由于温度强烈影响变形和断裂机制，并且考虑到许多部件在环境和非环境条件下都会经历循环加载，因此研究高温等温和零下低温条件下的环境相关USF对于评估极端操作环境下的损伤机制至关重要。特别是在低温下，许多材料表现出刚度增加和断裂韧性降低，这通常将疲劳裂纹的萌生从内部缺陷（典型的室温HCF和VHCF）转移到由脆性解理或有限塑性主导的表面或近表面区域。本文综述了低温USF的最新进展，重点介绍了测试方法、热管理和裂纹起裂机理的研究进展。该研究表明，低温USF不仅加速了疲劳评估，而且揭示了降低温度如何改变变形和裂纹起裂途径，为航空航天、低温和高频工程应用中的材料设计和鉴定提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Study on bending and torsion properties of REBCO Brickwall-type multi-filamentary tapes REBCO砖墙型多丝带的弯曲和扭转性能研究

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104261

Jinhao Shi , Jiulong Zhang , Jingfeng Zhang , Chao Zhou , Jiaxin Li , Shaoqing Wei , Zuoguang Li , Zhan Zhang

To investigate the bending and torsion properties of REBCO Brickwall-type multi-filamentary tapes, this study employed roll-to-roll ultraviolet picosecond laser cutting technology to fabricate Brickwall-type 3-filament, 6-filament, and 10-filament tapes using a 1.00 mm cutting slot length and spacing. The current-carrying performance of these tapes under bending and torsion conditions was tested and analyzed, respectively. Experimental results indicate that, under 77 K and self-field conditions, the Brickwall-type multi-filamentary tapes exhibit excellent stability in current-carrying performance, with the critical current degradation rate controlled within 5.00 %, thereby retaining the original current-carrying capacity of the tapes. Results of the bending tests showed that the compressive bending strain tolerance of the samples reaches 1.17 % (with a bending radius of 3.00 mm); meanwhile, their tensile bending strain tolerance decreases significantly as the number of filaments increases. Specifically, both the non-striated tape and the 3-filament tape had a tensile bending strain tolerance of 0.397 % (with a bending radius of 6.00 mm); when the number of filaments in the tapes increased to 6 and 10, their tensile bending strain tolerance decreased to 0.341 % (with a bending radius of 7.00 mm). Results of the torsion tests demonstrated that the non-striated tape, 3-filament tape, and 6-filament tape followed a consistent degradation pattern, while the 10-filament tape showed a distinct difference. When the shear strain reached 0.304 % (corresponding to a torsion angle of 300°), the critical currents of the non-striated tape, 3-filament tape, 6-filament tape, and 10-filament tape degraded by approximately ∼ 0.859 %, ∼2.51 %, ∼ 4.80 %, and ∼ 13.8 %, respectively.

为了研究REBCO brickwall型多丝胶带的弯曲和扭转性能，本研究采用卷对卷紫外皮秒激光切割技术，以1.00 mm的切割槽长度和间距制备了brickwall型3丝、6丝和10丝胶带。分别测试和分析了弯曲和扭转条件下的载流性能。实验结果表明，在77 K和自场条件下，brickwall型多丝带的载流性能表现出优异的稳定性，临界电流降解率控制在5.00 %以内，保持了带的原始载流能力。弯曲试验结果表明，试样的压缩弯曲应变容限达到1.17%（弯曲半径为3.00 mm）；同时，随着长丝数量的增加，其拉伸弯曲应变容差显著降低。其中，无条纹带和3丝带的拉伸弯曲应变容差均为0.397 %（弯曲半径为6.00 mm）；当带中长丝数增加到6根和10根时，其拉伸弯曲应变容差减小到0.341%（弯曲半径为7.00 mm）。扭转试验结果表明，无条纹带、3丝带和6丝带具有一致的退化模式，而10丝带表现出明显的差异。当剪切应变达到0.304 %（对应于300°的扭转角）时，无条纹带、3丝带、6丝带和10丝带的临界电流分别下降了约0.859%、2.51%、4.80%和13.8%。

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引用次数: 0

Asynchronous quenching in cryogenic thermoacoustic systems under active control 主动控制下低温热声系统的异步猝灭

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED

Cryogenics

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104260

Yafeng Niu , Lulu Hu , Yingwen Liu , Bo Gao

Active control is a flexible and cost-effective method for mitigating the thermoacoustic instability, a common issue in cryogenic systems. Under active control, the oscillation amplitude may be effectively attenuated when the self-excited oscillatory system undergoes asynchronous quenching. In this paper, the forcing parameters were adjusted to achieve asynchronous quenching in a cryogenic helium tube system under open-loop control. When the forcing frequency deviates significantly from the self-excited frequency, it was found that as the forcing intensity increases, the system undergoes the torus-birth bifurcation, transitioning from periodic to quasi-periodic, followed by the torus-death bifurcation, transitioning from quasi-periodic to periodic, eventually locking into the external forcing. The occurrence of asynchronous quenching coincides with the torus-death bifurcation. The oscillation amplitude can be reduced by 32% before locking into external forcing. Furthermore, the response characteristics of pressure and heat absorption rate to external forcing were analyzed. The results indicate that the heat absorption rate responds more quickly to the external forcing. As the forcing intensity increases, the forced system exhibits an amplitude modulation phenomenon like “beats”. Unlike the linear superposition of self-excited oscillation and external forcing, the observed amplitude variations are found to be related to the phase difference between pressure and heat absorption rate.

主动控制是一种灵活且经济的方法，可以减轻低温系统中常见的热声不稳定性问题。在主动控制下，自激振荡系统发生异步猝灭时，振荡幅度可以得到有效的衰减。在开环控制下，通过调整强制参数实现低温氦管系统的异步淬火。当强迫频率明显偏离自激频率时，发现随着强迫强度的增加，系统经历环面出生分岔，从周期向准周期过渡，然后是环面死亡分岔，从准周期向周期过渡，最终锁定外部强迫。非同步猝灭的发生与环-死亡分岔同时发生。在锁定到外部强迫之前，振荡幅度可以减少32%。此外，还分析了压力和吸热率对外力的响应特性。结果表明，热吸收率对外力的响应更快。随着强迫强度的增大，强迫系统表现出“拍”的调幅现象。与自激振荡和外强迫的线性叠加不同，观测到的振幅变化与压力和吸热速率之间的相位差有关。

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