Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2025.2585891
Narmin Garazade, John Nightingale, Paul Kay, Gamze Varank, Laura J. Carter
Amending soils with biosolids or animal manures enhances nutrient availability, while wastewater irrigation enhances crop productivity in water-scarce regions. However, the application of these practices can introduce biologically active pharmaceuticals into agricultural soils, where they can be transformed into persistent and potentially more toxic products. In this review, we synthesize existing knowledge on the occurrence, fate, and behavior of pharmaceutical transformation products and metabolites in soil and plant systems. We summarize detection of specific transformation products in soils and edible plant tissues, analyze and assess their persistence in the environment and bioaccumulation, and quantify their mobility and uptake in comparison to parent compounds. We also evaluate the limited data on toxicological effects to ecosystems and human health, and explicitly note the substantial knowledge gaps in the literature on field-based studies. In summary, this synthesis of findings in soil and plants emphasizes the need to incorporate pharmaceutical transformation products and metabolites into risk assessments to protect food safety and agricultural sustainability.
{"title":"Pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in agroecosystems: Threats to plant–soil sustainability","authors":"Narmin Garazade, John Nightingale, Paul Kay, Gamze Varank, Laura J. Carter","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2025.2585891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2025.2585891","url":null,"abstract":"Amending soils with biosolids or animal manures enhances nutrient availability, while wastewater irrigation enhances crop productivity in water-scarce regions. However, the application of these practices can introduce biologically active pharmaceuticals into agricultural soils, where they can be transformed into persistent and potentially more toxic products. In this review, we synthesize existing knowledge on the occurrence, fate, and behavior of pharmaceutical transformation products and metabolites in soil and plant systems. We summarize detection of specific transformation products in soils and edible plant tissues, analyze and assess their persistence in the environment and bioaccumulation, and quantify their mobility and uptake in comparison to parent compounds. We also evaluate the limited data on toxicological effects to ecosystems and human health, and explicitly note the substantial knowledge gaps in the literature on field-based studies. In summary, this synthesis of findings in soil and plants emphasizes the need to incorporate pharmaceutical transformation products and metabolites into risk assessments to protect food safety and agricultural sustainability.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2025.2599462
Yanzeng Li, Hong Wang, Shiyu Liu, Zhou Chen, Yu Hua, Xiaohu Dai
Microbially driven anaerobic digestion (AD) is a key technology for energy recovery from biowaste. As critical regulators of microbial communication, quorum sensing (QS) and quorum quenching (QQ) impact AD by shaping microbial community structure and coordinating trophic-level metabolic interactions. However, their underlying mechanisms remain a “black box”, posing a significant barrier to process optimization and engineered control. This review deciphers the QS and QQ regulatory mechanisms in AD, focusing on signaling networks, environmental responsiveness, and microbial ecological functions. As current studies on QS/QQ in full-scale AD remain scarce, this review primarily draws on data from laboratory-scale reactors. First, we systematically mapped signaling molecule distribution in both liquid and solid phases across 21 anaerobic digesters, revealing that solid-phase matrices generally served as hotspots for acyl-homoserine lactone accumulation. Subsequently, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the transduction cascades of QS and QQ were dissected, including signal recognition, transmission, and interception. Furthermore, the dynamic responses of QS to environmental factors were comprehensively evaluated, together with their strong associations with microbial ecological functions and process stability. The regulatory roles of QS/QQ in extracellular polymeric substances synthesis, microbial spatial organization, metabolic pathway optimization, system robustness, and antibiotic resistance gene dissemination were also reviewed. Finally, challenges and prospects were discussed, including elucidating diverse signaling molecules roles, mapping QS/QQ signaling to metabolic pathways, and assessing long-term stability and ecological risks of QS/QQ strategies in engineering. This review offers a strategic reference for precisely regulating microbial metabolic networks and mitigating ecological risks in anaerobic digesters via signal transduction.
{"title":"Deciphering quorum sensing and quorum quenching regulatory mechanisms in anaerobic digesters: Signaling networks, environmental responses, and microbial ecological functions","authors":"Yanzeng Li, Hong Wang, Shiyu Liu, Zhou Chen, Yu Hua, Xiaohu Dai","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2025.2599462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2025.2599462","url":null,"abstract":"Microbially driven anaerobic digestion (AD) is a key technology for energy recovery from biowaste. As critical regulators of microbial communication, quorum sensing (QS) and quorum quenching (QQ) impact AD by shaping microbial community structure and coordinating trophic-level metabolic interactions. However, their underlying mechanisms remain a “black box”, posing a significant barrier to process optimization and engineered control. This review deciphers the QS and QQ regulatory mechanisms in AD, focusing on signaling networks, environmental responsiveness, and microbial ecological functions. As current studies on QS/QQ in full-scale AD remain scarce, this review primarily draws on data from laboratory-scale reactors. First, we systematically mapped signaling molecule distribution in both liquid and solid phases across 21 anaerobic digesters, revealing that solid-phase matrices generally served as hotspots for acyl-homoserine lactone accumulation. Subsequently, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the transduction cascades of QS and QQ were dissected, including signal recognition, transmission, and interception. Furthermore, the dynamic responses of QS to environmental factors were comprehensively evaluated, together with their strong associations with microbial ecological functions and process stability. The regulatory roles of QS/QQ in extracellular polymeric substances synthesis, microbial spatial organization, metabolic pathway optimization, system robustness, and antibiotic resistance gene dissemination were also reviewed. Finally, challenges and prospects were discussed, including elucidating diverse signaling molecules roles, mapping QS/QQ signaling to metabolic pathways, and assessing long-term stability and ecological risks of QS/QQ strategies in engineering. This review offers a strategic reference for precisely regulating microbial metabolic networks and mitigating ecological risks in anaerobic digesters <i>via</i> signal transduction.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2025.2599458
Seong-Bo Kim, Jae-Yoon Sung, Sang-Jae Lee, Dong-Woo Lee
Carbohydrates are essential nutrients that serve as primary energy sources and structural components in living organisms. However, excessive consumption of conventional sugars has been increasingly linked to global health burdens such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders, as well as environmental concerns including greenhouse gas emissions. d-Tagatose, a naturally occurring rare sugar, has attracted considerable attention due to its low caloric value, prebiotic effects, and anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. Recent breakthroughs in targeted chemo-enzymatic synthesis, combined with directed evolution and systems metabolic engineering, have enabled more efficient and scalable production routes. Concurrently, the valorization of agricultural and food processing wastes as alternative raw materials aligns with circular bioeconomy principles and enhances sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent technical advances, benefits, and ongoing challenges in d-tagatose production. We also highlight emerging strategies to facilitate commercialization and position d-tagatose as a cornerstone of the next generation of health-promoting sweeteners.
{"title":"Sustainable bioprocessing strategies for scalable d-tagatose production: From enzyme engineering to industrial implementation","authors":"Seong-Bo Kim, Jae-Yoon Sung, Sang-Jae Lee, Dong-Woo Lee","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2025.2599458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2025.2599458","url":null,"abstract":"Carbohydrates are essential nutrients that serve as primary energy sources and structural components in living organisms. However, excessive consumption of conventional sugars has been increasingly linked to global health burdens such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders, as well as environmental concerns including greenhouse gas emissions. <span><span>d</span></span>-Tagatose, a naturally occurring rare sugar, has attracted considerable attention due to its low caloric value, prebiotic effects, and anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. Recent breakthroughs in targeted chemo-enzymatic synthesis, combined with directed evolution and systems metabolic engineering, have enabled more efficient and scalable production routes. Concurrently, the valorization of agricultural and food processing wastes as alternative raw materials aligns with circular bioeconomy principles and enhances sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent technical advances, benefits, and ongoing challenges in <span>d</span>-tagatose production. We also highlight emerging strategies to facilitate commercialization and position <span>d</span>-tagatose as a cornerstone of the next generation of health-promoting sweeteners.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"246-268"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accumulation of nitrates in water bodies caused by human activities poses a serious threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR), as a promising green process, can convert nitrate (NO3−) into high-value ammonia (NH3), achieving the goal of “turning waste into resources”. However, eNO3RR is a significantly complex process involving multiple influencing factors. Herein, we critically review the fundamental principles of NO3− reduction and selective NH3 synthesis in eNO3RR. The cathode engineering design for the NH3 generation by eNO3RR is systematically summarized, including a comparative analysis of precursor materials, such as precious metals, transition metals, and nonmetals. Moreover, the critical roles of reactor configuration, initial NO3- concentration, pH conditions, and competitive ions in determining the selectivity and yield of NH3 from NO3− reduction are thoroughly analyzed. This review also evaluates the research on efficient and compatible ammonia recovery technologies, addressing the core post-reaction processing gap in the field. Finally, techno-economic assessments and key challenges of eNO3RR are synthesized to examine the industrial potential and further implementation prospects.
{"title":"Electrochemical nitrate reduction for sustainable nitrogen and resource cycles: Progress and prospects","authors":"Zhenzhou Li, Jiawei Liang, Yifan Dai, Shihao Fu, Jialong Chen, Yunyang Sun, Jinlong Wang, Han Zhang, Daliang Xu, Jiaxuan Yang, Heng Liang","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2025.2596054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2025.2596054","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulation of nitrates in water bodies caused by human activities poses a serious threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO<sub>3</sub>RR), as a promising green process, can convert nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) into high-value ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), achieving the goal of “turning waste into resources”. However, eNO<sub>3</sub>RR is a significantly complex process involving multiple influencing factors. Herein, we critically review the fundamental principles of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction and selective NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis in eNO<sub>3</sub>RR. The cathode engineering design for the NH<sub>3</sub> generation by eNO<sub>3</sub>RR is systematically summarized, including a comparative analysis of precursor materials, such as precious metals, transition metals, and nonmetals. Moreover, the critical roles of reactor configuration, initial NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentration, pH conditions, and competitive ions in determining the selectivity and yield of NH<sub>3</sub> from NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction are thoroughly analyzed. This review also evaluates the research on efficient and compatible ammonia recovery technologies, addressing the core post-reaction processing gap in the field. Finally, techno-economic assessments and key challenges of eNO<sub>3</sub>RR are synthesized to examine the industrial potential and further implementation prospects.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"195-220"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic mulch films improve crop microclimate and yield but generate persistent residues and microplastics (MPs), posing ecological risks. Despite this, systematic reviews on the life-cycle fate of mulch films from application to residues remain limited. This review summarizes mulch film classification, physicochemical and microbial degradation mechanisms, migration fate factors, and impacts on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, highlighting mulch film characteristics and soil properties as most important factors. Some key conclusions include: (1) film mulching alters soil hydrothermal conditions and gas exchange, thereby restructuring microbial activities; (2) residues and MPs modify soil structure, create new niches, and rewire functional gene networks, ultimately regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling; (3) the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during mulch film degradation can enhance organic matter decomposition and nitrogen utilization. Critical research gaps remain, particularly in long-term field assessments and under multi-stressor scenarios. This review provides an integrative perspective on the environmental fate and functional impacts of mulch films, thereby advocating the development of sustainable mulching practices and risk control in agroecosystems.
{"title":"Environmental fate and effects of mulch films on agricultural soil: A systematic review from application to residual impact","authors":"Ziyi Shao, Ke-Qing Xiao, Mingkang Jin, Siyu Chen, Yuxin Huo, Yong-Guan Zhu","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2025.2580771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2025.2580771","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic mulch films improve crop microclimate and yield but generate persistent residues and microplastics (MPs), posing ecological risks. Despite this, systematic reviews on the life-cycle fate of mulch films from application to residues remain limited. This review summarizes mulch film classification, physicochemical and microbial degradation mechanisms, migration fate factors, and impacts on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, highlighting mulch film characteristics and soil properties as most important factors. Some key conclusions include: (1) film mulching alters soil hydrothermal conditions and gas exchange, thereby restructuring microbial activities; (2) residues and MPs modify soil structure, create new niches, and rewire functional gene networks, ultimately regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling; (3) the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during mulch film degradation can enhance organic matter decomposition and nitrogen utilization. Critical research gaps remain, particularly in long-term field assessments and under multi-stressor scenarios. This review provides an integrative perspective on the environmental fate and functional impacts of mulch films, thereby advocating the development of sustainable mulching practices and risk control in agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"226 1","pages":"43-66"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2025.2585932
Zhen-Yu Qiang, Gang Li, Daniel Menezes-Blackburn, Zhao-Feng Yuan, Tida Ge, Yvan Capowiez, Dong-Xing Guan
The drilosphere, encompassing soil zones influenced by earthworm activities, represents a crucial biogeochemical hotspot for phosphorus (P) cycling and soil health. While earthworms are recognized for their positive impacts on soil P dynamics through feeding, burrowing, and casting activities, comprehensive understanding of P cycling mechanisms within the drilosphere and their relative importance across different soil environments remains limited. This review synthesized recent advances through four interconnected domains. First, we examined drilosphere formation and characteristics, revealing how earthworm ecosystem engineering creates distinct biogeochemical zones through burrow construction, mucus secretion, and cast deposition. Second, we analyzed P transformation mechanisms within the drilosphere, documenting how burrowing and casting pathways mobilize P through competitive adsorption, enzymatic mineralization, and microbial regulation. Third, we characterized the drilosphere’s contribution to terrestrial P cycling, demonstrating distinctive outward P diffusion patterns compared to rhizosphere inward movement and examining ecosystem-scale impacts. Fourth, we discussed emerging imaging techniques that offer unprecedented opportunities to visualize drilosphere P dynamics, though systematic applications remain limited. Our analysis identified critical research frontiers in micro-interfacial characterizations, biogeographical patterns, climate change impacts, and agricultural applications, providing a framework for advancing sustainable soil management strategies that leverage earthworm-mediated P mobilization.
{"title":"Phosphorus dynamics in the drilosphere: Unraveling earthworm-mediated soil biogeochemistry","authors":"Zhen-Yu Qiang, Gang Li, Daniel Menezes-Blackburn, Zhao-Feng Yuan, Tida Ge, Yvan Capowiez, Dong-Xing Guan","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2025.2585932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2025.2585932","url":null,"abstract":"The drilosphere, encompassing soil zones influenced by earthworm activities, represents a crucial biogeochemical hotspot for phosphorus (P) cycling and soil health. While earthworms are recognized for their positive impacts on soil P dynamics through feeding, burrowing, and casting activities, comprehensive understanding of P cycling mechanisms within the drilosphere and their relative importance across different soil environments remains limited. This review synthesized recent advances through four interconnected domains. First, we examined drilosphere formation and characteristics, revealing how earthworm ecosystem engineering creates distinct biogeochemical zones through burrow construction, mucus secretion, and cast deposition. Second, we analyzed P transformation mechanisms within the drilosphere, documenting how burrowing and casting pathways mobilize P through competitive adsorption, enzymatic mineralization, and microbial regulation. Third, we characterized the drilosphere’s contribution to terrestrial P cycling, demonstrating distinctive outward P diffusion patterns compared to rhizosphere inward movement and examining ecosystem-scale impacts. Fourth, we discussed emerging imaging techniques that offer unprecedented opportunities to visualize drilosphere P dynamics, though systematic applications remain limited. Our analysis identified critical research frontiers in micro-interfacial characterizations, biogeographical patterns, climate change impacts, and agricultural applications, providing a framework for advancing sustainable soil management strategies that leverage earthworm-mediated P mobilization.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"172 1","pages":"87-105"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2025.2582545
Xifen Zhu, Fa Liu, Quanyong Zhang, Shaofu Deng, Weikun Meng, Yirong Deng, Jianteng Sun, Guanyong Su, Ping’an Peng, Lizhong Zhu
Fluorinated liquid crystal monomers (FLCMs), widely employed in liquid crystal displays, are emerging organofluorine compounds that are characterized by their universal presence, environmental persistence, and potential endocrine/developmental toxicity. This review emphasizes on the existing knowledge on their physicochemical properties, ecological distribution, human-exposure routes, transformation pathways, and elimination technologies. Some FLCMs exhibit atmospheric persistence, bioaccumulation and various toxicities, despite significant deviations between their measured and predicted characteristics. However, their persistence in soil and water remains largely unknown, hindering their comprehensive environmental risk assessment. A narrow array of FLCMs is frequently detected in diverse ecological and biotic matrices; however, monitoring is currently limited to a few countries and regions. E-waste dismantling is recognized as a significant source of FLCMs in the environment, investigate their distribution and exposure risks in developing countries associated with e-waste dismantling is highly needed. Analytical methods combined with nontargeted screening can provide a solution for identifying a wider range of these compounds. Prior evidence has indicated that dietary ingestion is predominant human-exposure pathway, with infants experiencing higher exposure levels than adults. Considering their detection frequency, persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential for human exposure, several FLCMs have been selected as priority compounds for future monitoring and research. FLCMs can undergo photo- and biotransformation, which can generate potentially toxic transformation products. The ecological and health risks posed by FLCMs and their transformation products underscore the urgent need for bringing up more effective and environmentally friendly remediation technologies.
{"title":"Environmental behavior, human exposure, and elimination technology of fluorinated liquid crystal monomers: A review","authors":"Xifen Zhu, Fa Liu, Quanyong Zhang, Shaofu Deng, Weikun Meng, Yirong Deng, Jianteng Sun, Guanyong Su, Ping’an Peng, Lizhong Zhu","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2025.2582545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2025.2582545","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorinated liquid crystal monomers (FLCMs), widely employed in liquid crystal displays, are emerging organofluorine compounds that are characterized by their universal presence, environmental persistence, and potential endocrine/developmental toxicity. This review emphasizes on the existing knowledge on their physicochemical properties, ecological distribution, human-exposure routes, transformation pathways, and elimination technologies. Some FLCMs exhibit atmospheric persistence, bioaccumulation and various toxicities, despite significant deviations between their measured and predicted characteristics. However, their persistence in soil and water remains largely unknown, hindering their comprehensive environmental risk assessment. A narrow array of FLCMs is frequently detected in diverse ecological and biotic matrices; however, monitoring is currently limited to a few countries and regions. E-waste dismantling is recognized as a significant source of FLCMs in the environment, investigate their distribution and exposure risks in developing countries associated with e-waste dismantling is highly needed. Analytical methods combined with nontargeted screening can provide a solution for identifying a wider range of these compounds. Prior evidence has indicated that dietary ingestion is predominant human-exposure pathway, with infants experiencing higher exposure levels than adults. Considering their detection frequency, persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential for human exposure, several FLCMs have been selected as priority compounds for future monitoring and research. FLCMs can undergo photo- and biotransformation, which can generate potentially toxic transformation products. The ecological and health risks posed by FLCMs and their transformation products underscore the urgent need for bringing up more effective and environmentally friendly remediation technologies.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-86"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2025.2572301
Hangkai Hu, Saiqa Menhas, Saiyong Zhu, Daohui Lin
Cadmium (Cd) contamination and methane (CH4) emission from paddy soil are alarming environmental issues that occur simultaneously but are often studied separately, and thus synergistic treatment studies need to be strengthened. This article reviews the involved mechanisms and influencing factors of currently adopted soil amendments for solving the two issues, pinpointing promising amendment materials and environmental conditions for synergistic remediation. The method of application, performances, and mechanisms of currently used soil amendments, including biochar (BC), iron/manganese materials, lime, sulfur, and silicate materials, for mitigating Cd pollution and CH4 emission in paddy soils are demonstrated. The amendments reduce the bioavailability of Cd in soil through various mechanisms including adsorption, complexation, and co-precipitation, and simultaneously, they potentially inhibit CH4 emission by increasing soil redox potential (Eh), enhancing methanotrophy, and reducing the abundance of anaerobic methanogens. Synergistic remediation performance is regulated especially by soil pH and Eh. The most effective pH range for synergistic Cd reduction and CH4 mitigation is between 6.0 and 7.0, with Eh between −150 and −100 mV. However, achieving this promising environmental condition in flooded paddy fields is challenging. Several promising amendment strategies (BC, high-valent Fe/Mn, lime, sulfate, and silicate) are proposed to achieve this goal, identifying research challenges and future directions for in situ remediation of paddy fields.
{"title":"A review on soil amendments for cadmium sequestration and methane emission reduction in paddy soils","authors":"Hangkai Hu, Saiqa Menhas, Saiyong Zhu, Daohui Lin","doi":"10.1080/10643389.2025.2572301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2025.2572301","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) contamination and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emission from paddy soil are alarming environmental issues that occur simultaneously but are often studied separately, and thus synergistic treatment studies need to be strengthened. This article reviews the involved mechanisms and influencing factors of currently adopted soil amendments for solving the two issues, pinpointing promising amendment materials and environmental conditions for synergistic remediation. The method of application, performances, and mechanisms of currently used soil amendments, including biochar (BC), iron/manganese materials, lime, sulfur, and silicate materials, for mitigating Cd pollution and CH<sub>4</sub> emission in paddy soils are demonstrated. The amendments reduce the bioavailability of Cd in soil through various mechanisms including adsorption, complexation, and co-precipitation, and simultaneously, they potentially inhibit CH<sub>4</sub> emission by increasing soil redox potential (Eh), enhancing methanotrophy, and reducing the abundance of anaerobic methanogens. Synergistic remediation performance is regulated especially by soil pH and Eh. The most effective pH range for synergistic Cd reduction and CH<sub>4</sub> mitigation is between 6.0 and 7.0, with Eh between −150 and −100 mV. However, achieving this promising environmental condition in flooded paddy fields is challenging. Several promising amendment strategies (BC, high-valent Fe/Mn, lime, sulfate, and silicate) are proposed to achieve this goal, identifying research challenges and future directions for <i>in situ</i> remediation of paddy fields.","PeriodicalId":10823,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1777-1801"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：