Rocio van der Laat, Ramon G. Leon, Adam G. Dale, Beatriz Gouveia, Esdras M. Carbajal, Marco Schiavon, J. Bryan Unruh, Basil V. Iannone, Susana R. Milla‐Lewis
St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is commonly planted in residential and commercial landscapes as a cultivar monoculture predisposing this lawn to pest invasion and high‐maintenance inputs. Researchers have suggested that increasing genetic diversity by growing cultivars in mixtures may increase turfgrass stress resilience. However, the stability and uniformity of those mixtures has not been studied. The present study was carried out to evaluate the stability of St. Augustinegrass cultivars mixtures over time and across three latitudes. The study was conducted in Citra and Fort Lauderdale, FL, and Jackson Springs, NC. Simple‐sequence repeats markers were used to genotype leaf samples of St. Augustinegrass cultivars planted in two‐ and four‐cultivar mixtures. Leaf samples were collected 1 and 3 years after establishment. In all locations, cultivar richness and evenness declined over time. Similarly, the relative abundance of the least persistent cultivars decreased approximately 50%–100% depending on cultivar and location. Differences in growth patterns among cultivars resulted in cultivar displacement and the predominance of a single cultivar. Cultivars that covered the ground faster or formed dense canopies early after establishment were dominant at the end of the study. Locally developed cultivars tended to be more dominant in their original latitude. The use of cultivar mixtures may help the identification of vigorous, competitive, and stress tolerant cultivars in turfgrass breeding programs. However, their commercial use remains challenging as if the patterns observed here for 3 years are representative of a continuous trend, and they do not persist over time.
{"title":"Molecular analysis of St. Augustinegrass cultivar mixtures composition over time and latitude","authors":"Rocio van der Laat, Ramon G. Leon, Adam G. Dale, Beatriz Gouveia, Esdras M. Carbajal, Marco Schiavon, J. Bryan Unruh, Basil V. Iannone, Susana R. Milla‐Lewis","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21370","url":null,"abstract":"St. Augustinegrass [<jats:italic>Stenotaphrum secundatum</jats:italic> (Walt.) Kuntze] is commonly planted in residential and commercial landscapes as a cultivar monoculture predisposing this lawn to pest invasion and high‐maintenance inputs. Researchers have suggested that increasing genetic diversity by growing cultivars in mixtures may increase turfgrass stress resilience. However, the stability and uniformity of those mixtures has not been studied. The present study was carried out to evaluate the stability of St. Augustinegrass cultivars mixtures over time and across three latitudes. The study was conducted in Citra and Fort Lauderdale, FL, and Jackson Springs, NC. Simple‐sequence repeats markers were used to genotype leaf samples of St. Augustinegrass cultivars planted in two‐ and four‐cultivar mixtures. Leaf samples were collected 1 and 3 years after establishment. In all locations, cultivar richness and evenness declined over time. Similarly, the relative abundance of the least persistent cultivars decreased approximately 50%–100% depending on cultivar and location. Differences in growth patterns among cultivars resulted in cultivar displacement and the predominance of a single cultivar. Cultivars that covered the ground faster or formed dense canopies early after establishment were dominant at the end of the study. Locally developed cultivars tended to be more dominant in their original latitude. The use of cultivar mixtures may help the identification of vigorous, competitive, and stress tolerant cultivars in turfgrass breeding programs. However, their commercial use remains challenging as if the patterns observed here for 3 years are representative of a continuous trend, and they do not persist over time.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, is considered the most destructive insect pest of short-mown turfgrasses in northeastern North America. Poa annua L. is the preferred host plant, though the weevil can develop in other cool-season (C3) turfgrasses such as bentgrasses (Agrostis spp. L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Recently, damaging populations have been reported in midwestern and southeastern United States, where cool- and warm-season (C4) turfgrasses are grown. However, it is unknown whether L. maculicollis can establish and develop within common warm-season turfgrasses such as zoysiagrasses (Zoysia matrella L.) and hybrid bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon Pers. × transvaalensis Davy). Larvae reared on Agrostis stolonifera ‘Penncross’, an older cultivar, experienced a significant reduction in survivorship and longer development periods compared to a newer cultivar (Penn-A4) and P. annua. Agrostis stolonifera ‘Penncross’ possessed significantly greater quantities of carotenoids and flavonoid content, which may explain differences in host suitability among C3 turfgrasses. No larvae were recovered from C4 hosts in no-choice ovipositional assays, suggesting Z. matrella and C. dactylon × transvaalensis are nonviable hosts of L. maculicollis. Further investigation into the morphological and physiological defense mechanisms in Z. matrella and C. dactylon × transvaalensis may broaden our understanding of tolerance mechanisms not observed in C3 cool-season turfgrasses and provide guidance for future breeding efforts.
一年生蓝草象鼻虫（Listronotus maculicollis Kirby）被认为是北美东北部短播草坪草最具破坏性的害虫。Poa annua L. 是其首选寄主植物，不过象鼻虫也能在其他冷季型（C3）草坪草上生长，如翦股颖（Agrostis spp. L. ）和多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L. ）。最近，在美国中西部和东南部种植冷季型和暖季型（C4）草坪草的地区，出现了危害性种群。然而，L. maculicollis 是否能在常见的暖季型草坪草（如 Zoysia matrella L. 和杂交百慕大草（Cynodon dactylon Pers. × transvaalensis Davy））中建立和发展还不得而知。与较新的栽培品种（Penn-A4）和P. annua相比，在较老的栽培品种Agrostis stolonifera 'Penncross'上饲养的幼虫存活率显著降低，发育期延长。Agrostis stolonifera 'Penncross'的类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量明显更高，这可能解释了C3草坪草之间宿主适宜性的差异。在无选择产卵试验中，没有从 C4 宿主处发现幼虫，这表明 Z. matrella 和 C. dactylon × transvaalensis 是大斑蓟马的无活力宿主。对 Z. matrella 和 C. dactylon × transvaalensis 的形态和生理防御机制的进一步研究可能会拓宽我们对 C3 冷季型草坪草中未观察到的耐受机制的认识，并为未来的育种工作提供指导。
{"title":"Characterization of cool- and warm-season turfgrass host suitability to annual bluegrass weevil (Listronotus maculicollis, Kirby)","authors":"Audrey Simard, Benjamin A. McGraw","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21363","url":null,"abstract":"The annual bluegrass weevil, <i>Listronotus maculicollis</i> Kirby, is considered the most destructive insect pest of short-mown turfgrasses in northeastern North America. <i>Poa annua</i> L. is the preferred host plant, though the weevil can develop in other cool-season (C3) turfgrasses such as bentgrasses (<i>Agrostis spp</i>. L.) and perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.). Recently, damaging populations have been reported in midwestern and southeastern United States, where cool- and warm-season (C4) turfgrasses are grown. However, it is unknown whether <i>L. maculicollis</i> can establish and develop within common warm-season turfgrasses such as zoysiagrasses (<i>Zoysia matrella</i> L.) and hybrid bermudagrasses (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> Pers. × <i>transvaalensis</i> Davy). Larvae reared on <i>Agrostis stolonifera</i> ‘Penncross’, an older cultivar, experienced a significant reduction in survivorship and longer development periods compared to a newer cultivar (Penn-A4) and <i>P. annua</i>. <i>Agrostis stolonifera</i> ‘Penncross’ possessed significantly greater quantities of carotenoids and flavonoid content, which may explain differences in host suitability among C3 turfgrasses. No larvae were recovered from C4 hosts in no-choice ovipositional assays, suggesting <i>Z. matrella</i> and <i>C. dactylon</i> × <i>transvaalensis</i> are nonviable hosts of <i>L. maculicollis</i>. Further investigation into the morphological and physiological defense mechanisms in <i>Z. matrella</i> and <i>C. dactylon</i> × <i>transvaalensis</i> may broaden our understanding of tolerance mechanisms not observed in C3 cool-season turfgrasses and provide guidance for future breeding efforts.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bal Maharjan, Fabian Leon, William L. Rooney, Sakiko Okumoto
Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) has the ability to inhibit the conversion of ammonium to nitrate (biological nitrification inhibition [BNI]) in the rhizosphere, which in turn prevents the loss of bioavailable nitrogen. Sorgoleone is a lipidic compound secreted by sorghum root hairs and is responsible for roughly 60% of BNI activity in sorghum. Previous studies revealed variation in sorgoleone secretion among different accessions and cultivars. However, little information is available regarding the genetic inheritance of sorgoleone secretion in sorghum. To increase sorgoleone through breeding, an understanding of the inheritance of this trait is required. In this study, 21 seed parents and 21 pollinator parents from the Texas AgriLife Research sorghum breeding program were crossed in an incomplete factorial design to generate 158 hybrids, and sorgoleone secretion from both hybrids and inbreds was quantified. There was significant variation in sorgoleone secretion across hybrids and inbred lines, and small but significant mid-parent heterosis was observed in the hybrids. A linear mixed model analysis to calculate general and specific combining abilities for inbred parents and hybrids detected significant genetic effects for the male, the female, and male × female interactions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Broad-sense heritability was high (<span data-altimg="/cms/asset/d9b39c83-8eee-442c-9737-73a4e0146156/csc221366-math-0001.png"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="36" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" role="application" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 103%; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" location="graphic/csc221366-math-0001.png"><mjx-semantics><mjx-msup data-semantic-children="0,1" data-semantic- data-semantic-role="latinletter" data-semantic-speech="upper H squared" data-semantic-type="superscript"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="italic" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="2" data-semantic-role="latinletter" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style="vertical-align: 0.363em; margin-left: 0.053em;"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="2" data-semantic-role="integer" data-semantic-type="number" size="s"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display="inline" unselectable="on"><math altimg="urn:x-wiley:0011183X:media:csc221366:csc221366-math-0001" display="inline" location="graphic/csc221366-math-0001.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><msup data-semantic-="" data-semantic-children="0,1" data-semantic-role="latinletter" data-semantic-speech="upper H squared" data-semantic-type="superscript"><mi data-semantic-="" data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="italic" data-semantic-parent="2" data-semantic-role="latinletter" data-semantic-type="identifier">H</mi><mn data
{"title":"Combining abilities and quantitative inheritance of sorgoleone exudation in Sorghum bicolor","authors":"Bal Maharjan, Fabian Leon, William L. Rooney, Sakiko Okumoto","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21366","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) has the ability to inhibit the conversion of ammonium to nitrate (biological nitrification inhibition [BNI]) in the rhizosphere, which in turn prevents the loss of bioavailable nitrogen. Sorgoleone is a lipidic compound secreted by sorghum root hairs and is responsible for roughly 60% of BNI activity in sorghum. Previous studies revealed variation in sorgoleone secretion among different accessions and cultivars. However, little information is available regarding the genetic inheritance of sorgoleone secretion in sorghum. To increase sorgoleone through breeding, an understanding of the inheritance of this trait is required. In this study, 21 seed parents and 21 pollinator parents from the Texas AgriLife Research sorghum breeding program were crossed in an incomplete factorial design to generate 158 hybrids, and sorgoleone secretion from both hybrids and inbreds was quantified. There was significant variation in sorgoleone secretion across hybrids and inbred lines, and small but significant mid-parent heterosis was observed in the hybrids. A linear mixed model analysis to calculate general and specific combining abilities for inbred parents and hybrids detected significant genetic effects for the male, the female, and male × female interactions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Broad-sense heritability was high (<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/d9b39c83-8eee-442c-9737-73a4e0146156/csc221366-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"36\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/csc221366-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper H squared\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: 0.363em; margin-left: 0.053em;\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:0011183X:media:csc221366:csc221366-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/csc221366-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><msup data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper H squared\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">H</mi><mn data","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing global interest in plant-based proteins stems from concerns about the environmental impact, sustainability, animal welfare, and health implications associated with consuming animal-based proteins. In the frame of alternative protein sources, chickpea (Cicer arietinum) emerged as a rich source of dietary proteins besides containing good amount of carbohydrate, fat, and fiber. As a protein ingredient, chickpea is available in three forms, namely, flour, concentrate, and isolate. This chickpea protein can be extracted using both wet and dry fractionation methods where the former one includes wet extraction followed by isoelectric precipitation, while the later one indicates dry milling followed by air classification. However, different nonthermal emerging technologies have been seen to assist in extracting protein as well as modifying their functionalities. This review gives an outline of the recently available literature on composition, industrial processing and associated technological challenges, functionality, and application of chickpea protein ingredients. Furthermore, discussion on the modification/improvement of chickpea protein functionality with the assistance of emerging technologies and the potentiality of by-products produced during chickpea protein processing are also included. Based on the available findings and discussion, it is seen that apart from being a comparable source of alternative animal-based protein to extract, chickpea derived by-products can also be a potential source of valued ingredients that might contribute to the circular economy.
{"title":"Industrial processing of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) for protein production","authors":"Nushrat Yeasmen, Valérie Orsat","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21361","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing global interest in plant-based proteins stems from concerns about the environmental impact, sustainability, animal welfare, and health implications associated with consuming animal-based proteins. In the frame of alternative protein sources, chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i>) emerged as a rich source of dietary proteins besides containing good amount of carbohydrate, fat, and fiber. As a protein ingredient, chickpea is available in three forms, namely, flour, concentrate, and isolate. This chickpea protein can be extracted using both wet and dry fractionation methods where the former one includes wet extraction followed by isoelectric precipitation, while the later one indicates dry milling followed by air classification. However, different nonthermal emerging technologies have been seen to assist in extracting protein as well as modifying their functionalities. This review gives an outline of the recently available literature on composition, industrial processing and associated technological challenges, functionality, and application of chickpea protein ingredients. Furthermore, discussion on the modification/improvement of chickpea protein functionality with the assistance of emerging technologies and the potentiality of by-products produced during chickpea protein processing are also included. Based on the available findings and discussion, it is seen that apart from being a comparable source of alternative animal-based protein to extract, chickpea derived by-products can also be a potential source of valued ingredients that might contribute to the circular economy.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cucurbita crops, which include market types of pumpkin and squash, have unparalleled fruit variation and equally important economic value worldwide. Pumpkin and squash have versatile uses but are most popular in culinary, ornamental, snacking, and seed oil industries. The production of Cucurbita crops is hindered by diseases caused by fungal, oomycetes, and viral pathogens. Host resistance is an important component of integrated disease management for Cucurbita crops and is a major goal for plant breeders. This review addresses the major diseases of Cucurbita, including powdery mildew, downy mildew, Phytophthora rot, and aphid and whitefly transmitted viruses, with an emphasis on germplasm exploitation for the development of resistant cultivars. Resistance to powdery mildew derived from Cucurbita okeechobeensis subsp. martinezii (designated PM-0) has been extensively deployed in commercial cultivars and was recently mapped on chromosomes 3 and 10 of Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita pepo, respectively. Resistance to Phytophthora crown rot is present across several Cucurbita species, including Cucurbita lundelliana, C. okeechobeenesis subsp. okeechobeenesis, C. moschata, and C. pepo. Mapping studies have identified significant loci associated with Phytophthora crown rot resistance on chromosomes 4, 11, and 20 of C. moschata and chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 16, and 19 of C. pepo. Sources of resistance to aphid-transmitted viruses exist in C. moschata, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita ecuadorensis, Cucurbita martinezii, C. ecuadorensis, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita foetidissima. The availability of DNA markers linked to resistance against zucchini yellow mosaic virus and papaya ringspot virus in C. moschata and C. pepo has facilitated marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs. On the other hand, sources of resistance to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a major whitefly-transmitted virus in Cucurbita, have been identified in C. moschata, C. lundelliana, and C. okeechobeensis. A major locus conferring resistance to ToLCNDV in C. moschata was recently mapped on chromosome 8 enabling the application of MAS with a prediction accuracy of 94.3%. Overall, the continued discovery and application of genomic tools for resistance breeding in Cucurbita will accelerate the rate of genetic gain while reducing costs associated with phenotyping.
葫芦科作物包括市场上销售的南瓜和南瓜，它们的果实变化无与伦比，在全世界具有同样重要的经济价值。南瓜和南瓜用途广泛，但在烹饪、观赏、零食和种子油行业最受欢迎。真菌、卵菌和病毒病原体引起的疾病阻碍了葫芦科作物的生产。寄主抗性是葫芦科作物综合病害管理的重要组成部分，也是植物育种者的主要目标。本综述探讨了葫芦科作物的主要病害，包括白粉病、霜霉病、根腐病、蚜虫和粉虱传播的病毒，重点是利用种质资源培育抗病栽培品种。从 Cucurbita okeechobeensis subsp. martinezii（被命名为 PM-0）中提取的白粉病抗性已被广泛应用于商业栽培品种中，最近还分别在 Cucurbita moschata 和 Cucurbita pepo 的第 3 和第 10 号染色体上绘制了图谱。对疫霉冠腐病的抗性存在于多个葫芦物种中，包括 Cucurbita lundelliana、C. okeechobeenesis subsp.制图研究在 C. moschata 的第 4、11 和 20 号染色体以及 C. pepo 的第 4、5、8、12、13、16 和 19 号染色体上发现了与蚜虫冠腐病抗性有关的重要基因座。C. moschata、Cucurbita ficifolia、Cucurbita ecuadorensis、Cucurbita martinezii、C. ecuadorensis、Cucurbita maxima 和 Cucurbita foetidissima 对蚜虫传播的病毒具有抗性。与 C. moschata 和 C. pepo 对西葫芦黄花叶病毒和木瓜环斑病毒的抗性有关的 DNA 标记的出现促进了育种计划中的标记辅助选择（MAS）。另一方面，在 C. moschata、C. lundelliana 和 C. okeechobeensis 中发现了对番茄卷叶新德里病毒（ToLCNDV）的抗性来源，该病毒是葫芦科植物中主要的粉虱传播病毒。最近在第 8 号染色体上绘制了一个主要基因座，该基因座赋予 C. moschata 对 ToLCNDV 的抗性，从而使 MAS 的预测准确率达到 94.3%。总之，在葫芦抗性育种中不断发现和应用基因组工具将加快遗传增益的速度，同时降低与表型相关的成本。
{"title":"Breeding and genetics of resistance to major diseases in Cucurbita—A review","authors":"Prerna Sabharwal, Shallu Thakur, Swati Shrestha, Yuqing Fu, Geoffrey Meru","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21358","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Cucurbita</i> crops, which include market types of pumpkin and squash, have unparalleled fruit variation and equally important economic value worldwide. Pumpkin and squash have versatile uses but are most popular in culinary, ornamental, snacking, and seed oil industries. The production of <i>Cucurbita</i> crops is hindered by diseases caused by fungal, oomycetes, and viral pathogens. Host resistance is an important component of integrated disease management for <i>Cucurbita</i> crops and is a major goal for plant breeders. This review addresses the major diseases of <i>Cucurbita</i>, including powdery mildew, downy mildew, <i>Phytophthora</i> rot, and aphid and whitefly transmitted viruses, with an emphasis on germplasm exploitation for the development of resistant cultivars. Resistance to powdery mildew derived from <i>Cucurbita okeechobeensis</i> subsp. martinezii (designated <i>PM-0)</i> has been extensively deployed in commercial cultivars and was recently mapped on chromosomes 3 and 10 of <i>Cucurbita moschata</i> and <i>Cucurbita pepo</i>, respectively. Resistance to <i>Phytophthora</i> crown rot is present across several <i>Cucurbita</i> species, including <i>Cucurbita lundelliana</i>, <i>C. okeechobeenesis</i> subsp. <i>okeechobeenesis</i>, <i>C. moschata</i>, and <i>C. pepo</i>. Mapping studies have identified significant loci associated with <i>Phytophthora</i> crown rot resistance on chromosomes 4, 11, and 20 of <i>C. moschata</i> and chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 16, and 19 of <i>C. pepo</i>. Sources of resistance to aphid-transmitted viruses exist in <i>C. moschata</i>, <i>Cucurbita ficifolia</i>, <i>Cucurbita ecuadorensis</i>, <i>Cucurbita martinezii</i>, <i>C. ecuadorensi</i>s, <i>Cucurbita maxima</i>, and <i>Cucurbita foetidissima</i>. The availability of DNA markers linked to resistance against zucchini yellow mosaic virus and papaya ringspot virus in <i>C. moschata</i> and <i>C. pepo</i> has facilitated marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs. On the other hand, sources of resistance to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a major whitefly-transmitted virus in <i>Cucurbita</i>, have been identified in <i>C. moschata</i>, <i>C. lundelliana</i>, and <i>C. okeechobeensis</i>. A major locus conferring resistance to ToLCNDV in <i>C. moschata</i> was recently mapped on chromosome 8 enabling the application of MAS with a prediction accuracy of 94.3%. Overall, the continued discovery and application of genomic tools for resistance breeding in <i>Cucurbita</i> will accelerate the rate of genetic gain while reducing costs associated with phenotyping.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raziel A. Ordóñez, Lia B. Olmedo Pico, Frank G. Dohleman, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Garrett S. Verhagen, Tony J. Vyn
Despite a historical favoring of robust tall plants in maize (Zea mays L.) production systems as a potential indicator of increased total and/or grain biomass yields, short-statured maize is receiving renewed commercial attention in North America. Little is known of the relative N efficiencies resulting from potential inter-stature differences in dry matter formation and N processes during pre- and post-silking stages. To investigate this, two field rainfed experiments were conducted in West Lafayette, IN. The experiments included factorial combinations of two tall- and two short-statured maize hybrids subjected to three N rates: 0 (unfertilized), 168 (moderate), and 224 kg N ha−1 (elevated) applied at planting. Short hybrids with a 25% reduced stature showed no statistically significant differences in seasonal biomass accumulation and N uptake, or in biomass partitioning to grain (harvest index) versus stover at maturity relative to conventional tall hybrids. Increased leaf biomass and ear growth at silking, plus comparable quantities of N remobilization from stems during grain filling, with short-stature maize contributed to its grain yield parity with tall-stature maize. Additionally, our research revealed other noteworthy findings: short-statured maize had higher N harvest index and N recovery efficiency than the tall maize, implying more N status resiliency at moderate N rates. The lack of interactions between N × stature in most studied traits suggests that short hybrids can perform at least as well as conventional tall hybrids across a range of N rates. Our findings provide insights for fine-tuning of breeding and management programs.
尽管在玉米（Zea mays L.）生产系统中，人们历来偏爱高大健壮的植株，将其作为提高总产量和/或谷物生物量产量的潜在指标，但在北美，矮身材玉米正重新受到商业关注。人们对干物质形成和氮过程在出苗前和出苗后阶段的潜在身材差异所产生的相对氮效率知之甚少。为了研究这个问题，我们在印第安纳州西拉斐特进行了两次田间雨养试验。实验包括两种高矮株型玉米杂交种的因子组合，分别施用三种氮肥：播种时施用 0（未施肥）、168（中等）和 224 kg N ha-1（高）。与传统的高秆杂交种相比，身材矮小 25% 的矮秆杂交种在季节性生物量积累和氮吸收方面，或在成熟时的谷粒（收获指数）与秸秆的生物量分配方面，均无统计学意义上的显著差异。短株玉米的叶片生物量和抽丝时的穗生长量增加，加上在籽粒灌浆期间从茎秆中重新吸收的氮的数量相当，使其籽粒产量与高株玉米相当。此外，我们的研究还发现了其他值得注意的发现：矮秆玉米的氮收获指数和氮回收效率均高于高秆玉米，这意味着在中等氮肥用量下，矮秆玉米对氮状况的适应能力更强。在大多数研究性状中，氮×身材之间缺乏相互作用，这表明矮秆杂交种在一定氮肥用量范围内的表现至少与传统高秆杂交种一样好。我们的研究结果为育种和管理计划的微调提供了启示。
{"title":"Short-statured maize achieved similar growth and nitrogen uptake but greater nitrogen efficiencies than conventional tall maize","authors":"Raziel A. Ordóñez, Lia B. Olmedo Pico, Frank G. Dohleman, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Garrett S. Verhagen, Tony J. Vyn","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21345","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a historical favoring of robust tall plants in maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) production systems as a potential indicator of increased total and/or grain biomass yields, short-statured maize is receiving renewed commercial attention in North America. Little is known of the relative N efficiencies resulting from potential inter-stature differences in dry matter formation and N processes during pre- and post-silking stages. To investigate this, two field rainfed experiments were conducted in West Lafayette, IN. The experiments included factorial combinations of two tall- and two short-statured maize hybrids subjected to three N rates: 0 (unfertilized), 168 (moderate), and 224 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> (elevated) applied at planting. Short hybrids with a 25% reduced stature showed no statistically significant differences in seasonal biomass accumulation and N uptake, or in biomass partitioning to grain (harvest index) versus stover at maturity relative to conventional tall hybrids. Increased leaf biomass and ear growth at silking, plus comparable quantities of N remobilization from stems during grain filling, with short-stature maize contributed to its grain yield parity with tall-stature maize. Additionally, our research revealed other noteworthy findings: short-statured maize had higher N harvest index and N recovery efficiency than the tall maize, implying more N status resiliency at moderate N rates. The lack of interactions between N × stature in most studied traits suggests that short hybrids can perform at least as well as conventional tall hybrids across a range of N rates. Our findings provide insights for fine-tuning of breeding and management programs.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fernanda Arevalo Alvarenga, Maximiliano Barbosa, I. Alejandra Sierra Augustinus, Ulrich Stingl, Marco Schiavon
Turfgrass research based on inoculations with commercial products containing nitrogen-fixing endophytes as an alternative to synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers has yielded inconclusive results, indicating a lack of understanding of the colonization and stability of diazotrophic endophytes in turfgrasses. Potential factors influencing these results are turfgrass traditional management practices. In this study, we identified and compared endophytic diazotrophic communities and their associated soil counterparts using amplicon sequencing of the nitrogenase iron protein (nifH) of 36 surfaced sterilized CitraBlue St. Augustinegrass cultivar [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] sprigs and 12 aggregated soil samples. Samples were collected from a CitraBlue cultivar mowed either at 5 or 10 cm, with and without thatch removal, and fertilized at 98, 195, or 293 kg N ha−1 year−1. The different communities of endophytic diazotrophs were correlated to turfgrass quality related parameters such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference red edge index (NDRE), N leaf content, and visual quality as affected by management practices. CitraBlue endophytic and soil diazotrophic communities were significantly different for alpha diversity (p < 0.0001) and beta diversity (p < 0.001). Both mowing height (p < 0.001) and N fertilization rate (p < 0.05) had a significant effect on the diversity of endophytic diazotrophs. According to the redundancy analysis, turfgrass quality related parameters explained 14.3% of the variance in the endophytic diazotrophic communities. Findings from this research demonstrate that the evaluated management practices alter the endophytic diazotrophic communities of CitraBlue.
{"title":"Management practices alter endophytic diazotrophic communities in CitraBlue St. Augustinegrass","authors":"A. Fernanda Arevalo Alvarenga, Maximiliano Barbosa, I. Alejandra Sierra Augustinus, Ulrich Stingl, Marco Schiavon","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21372","url":null,"abstract":"Turfgrass research based on inoculations with commercial products containing nitrogen-fixing endophytes as an alternative to synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers has yielded inconclusive results, indicating a lack of understanding of the colonization and stability of diazotrophic endophytes in turfgrasses. Potential factors influencing these results are turfgrass traditional management practices. In this study, we identified and compared endophytic diazotrophic communities and their associated soil counterparts using amplicon sequencing of the nitrogenase iron protein (nifH) of 36 surfaced sterilized CitraBlue St. Augustinegrass cultivar [<i>Stenotaphrum secundatum</i> (Walter) Kuntze] sprigs and 12 aggregated soil samples. Samples were collected from a CitraBlue cultivar mowed either at 5 or 10 cm, with and without thatch removal, and fertilized at 98, 195, or 293 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>. The different communities of endophytic diazotrophs were correlated to turfgrass quality related parameters such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference red edge index (NDRE), N leaf content, and visual quality as affected by management practices. CitraBlue endophytic and soil diazotrophic communities were significantly different for alpha diversity (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and beta diversity (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Both mowing height (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and N fertilization rate (<i>p</i> < 0.05) had a significant effect on the diversity of endophytic diazotrophs. According to the redundancy analysis, turfgrass quality related parameters explained 14.3% of the variance in the endophytic diazotrophic communities. Findings from this research demonstrate that the evaluated management practices alter the endophytic diazotrophic communities of CitraBlue.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuela van Versendaal, Valentina M. Pereyra, Trent Irby, Peter Kovacs, Trevor Hefley, P. V. Vara Prasad, Peter Kyveryga, Bradley W. Van De Woestyne, Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Equidistant plant arrangements have shown positive impacts, in the United States over the last century, on soybean (Glycine max L.) yield and seed quality by reducing intraspecific plant competition and enhancing early canopy cover. This study aims to (i) assess the effects of equidistant versus non-equidistant plant arrangements on soybean yield and seed quality across different regions in the United States; (ii) explore the effect of modified soybean plant canopy resulting from different plant arrangements on yield and seed quality. In 2021 and 2022, 13 trials were conducted in Kansas, Mississippi, and South Dakota. The treatments consisted of three equidistant plant arrangements of 13 cm × 13 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, and 20 cm × 20 cm (620,000, 430,000, 242,363 seeds ha−1, respectively), and a non-equidistant with 38 cm of row space (321,236 seeds ha−1). Soybean yield and yield components were collected, and canopy coverage (%) was monitored throughout the growing season. Overall, there is no evidence of any advantage of equidistant over non-equidistant arrangements in soybeans. Yield differences related to spatial arrangement were observed in only three trials: the non-equidistant increased yield compared to the 20 cm × 20 cm equidistant arrangement (lowest density) in two trials, while the 13 × 13 and 15 × 15 patterns (highest density) showed higher yield compared to the 20 cm × 20 cm arrangement in one trial. Furthermore, seed quality remained constant across spatial arrangements in the 13 trials. In contrast to prior research, our study found no correlation between canopy coverage development and yield improvement. The tested equidistant arrangement while promising did not provide substantial evidence of yield improvement relative to the non-equidistant.
{"title":"Soybean yield and seed quality in equidistant versus non-equidistant plant arrangements under different densities","authors":"Emmanuela van Versendaal, Valentina M. Pereyra, Trent Irby, Peter Kovacs, Trevor Hefley, P. V. Vara Prasad, Peter Kyveryga, Bradley W. Van De Woestyne, Ignacio A. Ciampitti","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21364","url":null,"abstract":"Equidistant plant arrangements have shown positive impacts, in the United States over the last century, on soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) yield and seed quality by reducing intraspecific plant competition and enhancing early canopy cover. This study aims to (i) assess the effects of equidistant versus non-equidistant plant arrangements on soybean yield and seed quality across different regions in the United States; (ii) explore the effect of modified soybean plant canopy resulting from different plant arrangements on yield and seed quality. In 2021 and 2022, 13 trials were conducted in Kansas, Mississippi, and South Dakota. The treatments consisted of three equidistant plant arrangements of 13 cm × 13 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, and 20 cm × 20 cm (620,000, 430,000, 242,363 seeds ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively), and a non-equidistant with 38 cm of row space (321,236 seeds ha<sup>−1</sup>). Soybean yield and yield components were collected, and canopy coverage (%) was monitored throughout the growing season. Overall, there is no evidence of any advantage of equidistant over non-equidistant arrangements in soybeans. Yield differences related to spatial arrangement were observed in only three trials: the non-equidistant increased yield compared to the 20 cm × 20 cm equidistant arrangement (lowest density) in two trials, while the 13 × 13 and 15 × 15 patterns (highest density) showed higher yield compared to the 20 cm × 20 cm arrangement in one trial. Furthermore, seed quality remained constant across spatial arrangements in the 13 trials. In contrast to prior research, our study found no correlation between canopy coverage development and yield improvement. The tested equidistant arrangement while promising did not provide substantial evidence of yield improvement relative to the non-equidistant.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel R. Freund, James P. Kerns, E. Lee Butler, Khalied A. Ahmed, Travis W. Gannon
Previous research suggests mowing practices following azoxystrobin application alter pest control and residue fate. Azoxystrobin, an acropetal penetrant quinone outside inhibitor fungicide, is commonly applied in turfgrass and other agricultural settings, protecting desired plants from fungal pathogens by inhibiting fungal growth. Field research was initiated in Raleigh, NC, and repeated in time to assess the effect of post-application mowing timing and clipping collection practices on azoxystrobin residue persistence in tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb.). At trial initiation, azoxystrobin was applied at the maximum single application rate (0.61 kg ai ha−1) to tall fescue plots. To determine the effect of initial mowing timing, plots were mowed (9.5 cm) at 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, or 14 days after application (DAA). To determine the effect of clipping removal, plots were mowed at 3, 10, and 17 DAA and clippings were either returned to the canopy or bagged and removed. Concurrently, soil cores (92 cm2) were collected at 3, 7, 14, and 21 DAA and then segmented into remaining aboveground vegetation and soil (0.0- to 2.5-cm depth) for residue analyses. Mowing timing affected azoxystrobin residue in the vegetation and in soil. When clippings were returned to the canopy, 5% more azoxystrobin was detected in the vegetation at 7 and 14 DAA. At 3 and 7 DAA, in the soil, returning clippings resulted in >3% more of the applied azoxystrobin compared to removing clippings. Data from this research may allow for extended fungicide intervals for brown patch suppression and demonstrate the importance of returning clipping to turf systems to retain azoxystrobin residues.
{"title":"Effect of mowing timing and clipping collection practices on azoxystrobin distribution, persistence, and efficacy","authors":"Daniel R. Freund, James P. Kerns, E. Lee Butler, Khalied A. Ahmed, Travis W. Gannon","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21365","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research suggests mowing practices following azoxystrobin application alter pest control and residue fate. Azoxystrobin, an acropetal penetrant quinone outside inhibitor fungicide, is commonly applied in turfgrass and other agricultural settings, protecting desired plants from fungal pathogens by inhibiting fungal growth. Field research was initiated in Raleigh, NC, and repeated in time to assess the effect of post-application mowing timing and clipping collection practices on azoxystrobin residue persistence in tall fescue (<i>Schedonorus arundinaceus</i> Schreb.). At trial initiation, azoxystrobin was applied at the maximum single application rate (0.61 kg ai ha<sup>−1</sup>) to tall fescue plots. To determine the effect of initial mowing timing, plots were mowed (9.5 cm) at 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, or 14 days after application (DAA). To determine the effect of clipping removal, plots were mowed at 3, 10, and 17 DAA and clippings were either returned to the canopy or bagged and removed. Concurrently, soil cores (92 cm<sup>2</sup>) were collected at 3, 7, 14, and 21 DAA and then segmented into remaining aboveground vegetation and soil (0.0- to 2.5-cm depth) for residue analyses. Mowing timing affected azoxystrobin residue in the vegetation and in soil. When clippings were returned to the canopy, 5% more azoxystrobin was detected in the vegetation at 7 and 14 DAA. At 3 and 7 DAA, in the soil, returning clippings resulted in >3% more of the applied azoxystrobin compared to removing clippings. Data from this research may allow for extended fungicide intervals for brown patch suppression and demonstrate the importance of returning clipping to turf systems to retain azoxystrobin residues.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142237025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swivia M. Hamabwe, Nicholas A. Otieno, Judith A. Odhiambo, Travis Parker, Kelvin Kamfwa
Drought is a major production constraint of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the agronomic and morpho‐physiological response of Andean genotypes to terminal drought, and (ii) identify Andean genotypes with an ideal combination of agronomic and morpho‐physiological traits for enhanced drought tolerance. Twenty Andean genotypes and seven checks were evaluated for drought tolerance in three field trials conducted in three locations. Agronomic and morpho‐physiological traits including seed yield, seed weight, shoot dry weight, pod number, pod harvest index, harvest index, and carbon isotope discrimination (CID) were measured. Strong positive correlations were observed between seed yield, and partitioning efficiency metrics and CID (r = 0.57***) under drought, which suggested the important role of assimilate partitioning and water use efficiency in the observed drought tolerance. The heritability estimates for pod harvest index (H2 = 0.88) and harvest index (H2 = 0.87) were higher than for seed yield (H2 = 0.43) and other morpho‐physiological traits, thus they can be used to indirectly select for drought tolerance. Based on the relationship between seed yield and CID under drought stress, 12 genotypes were identified as drought tolerant with high water use efficiency. Among these, three were classified as water savers, while nine as water spenders. Genotypes with an ideal combination of superior shoot dry weight, partition efficiency, water use efficiency, and superior seed yield under both drought stress and non‐stress conditions were identified. The identified genotypes can be used for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in the Andean gene pool of common bean.
{"title":"Agronomic and morpho‐physiological response of Andean genotypes of common bean to terminal drought","authors":"Swivia M. Hamabwe, Nicholas A. Otieno, Judith A. Odhiambo, Travis Parker, Kelvin Kamfwa","doi":"10.1002/csc2.21362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21362","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a major production constraint of common bean (<jats:italic>Phaseolus vulgaris</jats:italic> L.) worldwide. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the agronomic and morpho‐physiological response of Andean genotypes to terminal drought, and (ii) identify Andean genotypes with an ideal combination of agronomic and morpho‐physiological traits for enhanced drought tolerance. Twenty Andean genotypes and seven checks were evaluated for drought tolerance in three field trials conducted in three locations. Agronomic and morpho‐physiological traits including seed yield, seed weight, shoot dry weight, pod number, pod harvest index, harvest index, and carbon isotope discrimination (CID) were measured. Strong positive correlations were observed between seed yield, and partitioning efficiency metrics and CID (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.57***) under drought, which suggested the important role of assimilate partitioning and water use efficiency in the observed drought tolerance. The heritability estimates for pod harvest index (<jats:italic>H</jats:italic><jats:sup>2 </jats:sup>= 0.88) and harvest index (<jats:italic>H</jats:italic><jats:sup>2 </jats:sup>= 0.87) were higher than for seed yield (<jats:italic>H</jats:italic><jats:sup>2 </jats:sup>= 0.43) and other morpho‐physiological traits, thus they can be used to indirectly select for drought tolerance. Based on the relationship between seed yield and CID under drought stress, 12 genotypes were identified as drought tolerant with high water use efficiency. Among these, three were classified as water savers, while nine as water spenders. Genotypes with an ideal combination of superior shoot dry weight, partition efficiency, water use efficiency, and superior seed yield under both drought stress and non‐stress conditions were identified. The identified genotypes can be used for genetic improvement of drought tolerance in the Andean gene pool of common bean.","PeriodicalId":10849,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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