Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.2174/2211550110666210204151145
Wong Y. Ching, N. A. Shukri
This study was carried out to study the optimized condition for microalgae cultivation in terms of light intensity, and nutrient supply. Also, use of a carbon source was studied to optimize the microalgae growth to produce microalgae with a high biomass productivity and a high lipid content. Algae can be categorized into macroalgae and microalgae. Commonly, microalgae are used to produce biodiesel since microalgae can yield 5000-15000 of oil gallons compared to plant-based biomass as feedstock produced 50-500 oil gallon. Furthermore, microalgae do not face any food crisis and can be cultivated in any wasteland that is not suitable for agriculture throughout the year, compared to crops. Microalgae can also be cultivated in freshwater, saline water and wastewater. Microalgae cultivation was carried out with microalgae culture labelled as MX1, MX2, MX3, MX4 and were cultivated under high light intensities, whereas MY1, MY2, MY3, MY4 were cultivated under medium light intensity and MZ1, MZ2, MZ3 MZ4 became control culture that was cultivated under high light intensities and no light condition. The effect of light intensity, NPK fertilizer, and glucose on microalgae’s biomass production will be observed simultaneously. At the end of cultivation, MX2 obtained the highest biomass of 97.186 g. The oil extraction yield is 9.66%. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of UFA and PUFA in the oil. Thus, future research is needed to improve the technique to increase the microalgae biomass and lipid to become the potential feedstock for the production of biodiesel.
{"title":"Investigations of Light Intensities, Nutrient, and Carbon Sources Towards Microalgae Oil Production via Soxhlet Extraction Techniques","authors":"Wong Y. Ching, N. A. Shukri","doi":"10.2174/2211550110666210204151145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550110666210204151145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study was carried out to study the optimized condition for microalgae cultivation\u0000in terms of light intensity, and nutrient supply. Also, use of a carbon source was studied to\u0000optimize the microalgae growth to produce microalgae with a high biomass productivity and a high\u0000lipid content.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Algae can be categorized into macroalgae and microalgae. Commonly, microalgae\u0000are used to produce biodiesel since microalgae can yield 5000-15000 of oil gallons compared to\u0000plant-based biomass as feedstock produced 50-500 oil gallon. Furthermore, microalgae do not face\u0000any food crisis and can be cultivated in any wasteland that is not suitable for agriculture throughout\u0000the year, compared to crops. Microalgae can also be cultivated in freshwater, saline water and\u0000wastewater.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Microalgae cultivation was carried out with microalgae culture labelled as MX1, MX2,\u0000MX3, MX4 and were cultivated under high light intensities, whereas MY1, MY2, MY3, MY4\u0000were cultivated under medium light intensity and MZ1, MZ2, MZ3 MZ4 became control culture\u0000that was cultivated under high light intensities and no light condition.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The effect of light intensity, NPK fertilizer, and glucose on microalgae’s biomass production\u0000will be observed simultaneously. At the end of cultivation, MX2 obtained the highest biomass\u0000of 97.186 g. The oil extraction yield is 9.66%. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of UFA and\u0000PUFA in the oil.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thus, future research is needed to improve the technique to increase the microalgae\u0000biomass and lipid to become the potential feedstock for the production of biodiesel.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87393304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999201008125800
S. Priya, R. Manavalan
The diseases in the heart and blood vessels such as heart attack, Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction (MI), High Blood Pressure, and Obesity, are generally referred to as Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). The risk factors of CVD include gender, age, cholesterol/ LDL, family history, hypertension, smoking, and genetic and environmental factors. Genome- Wide Association Studies (GWAS) focus on identifying the genetic interactions and genetic architectures of CVD. Genetic interactions or Epistasis infer the interactions between two or more genes where one gene masks the traits of another gene and increases the susceptibility of CVD. To identify the Epistasis relationship through biological or laboratory methods needs an enormous workforce and more cost. Hence, this paper presents the review of various statistical and Machine learning approaches so far proposed to detect genetic interaction effects for the identification of various Cardiovascular diseases such as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), MI, Hypertension, HDL and Lipid phenotypes data, and Body Mass Index dataset. This study reveals that various computational models identified the candidate genes such as AGT, PAI-1, ACE, PTPN22, MTHR, FAM107B, ZNF107, PON1, PON2, GTF2E1, ADGRB3, and FTO, which play a major role in genetic interactions for the causes of CVDs. The benefits, limitations, and issues of the various computational techniques for the evolution of epistasis responsible for cardiovascular diseases are exhibited.
{"title":"Genetic Interactions Effects of Cardiovascular Disorder Using Computational Models: A Review","authors":"S. Priya, R. Manavalan","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999201008125800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999201008125800","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 The diseases in the heart and blood vessels such as heart attack, Coronary\u0000Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction (MI), High Blood Pressure, and Obesity, are generally referred\u0000to as Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). The risk factors of CVD include gender, age, cholesterol/\u0000LDL, family history, hypertension, smoking, and genetic and environmental factors. Genome-\u0000Wide Association Studies (GWAS) focus on identifying the genetic interactions and genetic architectures\u0000of CVD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Genetic interactions or Epistasis infer the interactions between two or more genes where\u0000one gene masks the traits of another gene and increases the susceptibility of CVD. To identify the\u0000Epistasis relationship through biological or laboratory methods needs an enormous workforce and\u0000more cost. Hence, this paper presents the review of various statistical and Machine learning approaches\u0000so far proposed to detect genetic interaction effects for the identification of various Cardiovascular\u0000diseases such as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), MI, Hypertension, HDL and Lipid\u0000phenotypes data, and Body Mass Index dataset.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study reveals that various computational models identified the candidate genes\u0000such as AGT, PAI-1, ACE, PTPN22, MTHR, FAM107B, ZNF107, PON1, PON2, GTF2E1, ADGRB3,\u0000and FTO, which play a major role in genetic interactions for the causes of CVDs. The benefits,\u0000limitations, and issues of the various computational techniques for the evolution of epistasis responsible\u0000for cardiovascular diseases are exhibited.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74091373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense ssRNA genome, possess helical symmetry, and belongs to the family Coronaviridae. They cause mild to lethal respiratory tract infections in both mammals and birds. The more pathogenic coronaviruses cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The recent coronavirus outbreak was first discovered in December 2019. Subsequently, the disease has been declared as a pandemic by The World Health Organization (WHO). The virus is named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease is now called COVID-19 [Coronavirus disease 2019]. The primary route of the virus spread between people is through close contact where a healthy person inhales the respiratory droplets from an infected person either by cough or sneezing. More than 2 million confirmed cases are reported globally. The US has the world's largest number of COVID-19 cases followed by European countries. As of April 18, 2020, 2 074 529 confirmed, and 139 378 deaths were reported. Presently, there is no specific drug or vaccine that is approved to treat SARS-CoV-2. The practice of hygienic measures such as frequent hand wash, use of masks, and social distancing would prevent the spread of the disease. This review focuses on a brief description of the viral structure and its multiplication, epidemiology and therapeutics with a special mention on the nanotechnology approach to combat covid-19. This review describes briefly the SARS-CoV-2 viral structure and its multiplication, epidemiology and therapeutics.
{"title":"An Insight into Pandemic COVID-19: Structure, Epidemiology and Therapeutics","authors":"Shanthipriya Ajmera, Ranjitha H. Bommanna, Divya Ajmeera, Jayasree Dasyam, Ramchander Merugu","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999201211203631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999201211203631","url":null,"abstract":"The coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense ssRNA genome, possess helical symmetry, and belongs to the family Coronaviridae. They cause mild to lethal respiratory tract infections in both mammals and birds. The more pathogenic coronaviruses cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The recent coronavirus outbreak was first discovered in December 2019. Subsequently, the disease has been declared as a pandemic by The World Health Organization (WHO). The virus is named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease is now called COVID-19 [Coronavirus disease 2019]. The primary route of the virus spread between people is through close contact where a healthy person inhales the respiratory droplets from an infected person either by cough or sneezing. More than 2 million confirmed cases are reported globally. The US has the world's largest number of COVID-19 cases followed by European countries. As of April 18, 2020, 2 074 529 confirmed, and 139 378 deaths were reported. Presently, there is no specific drug or vaccine that is approved to treat SARS-CoV-2. The practice of hygienic measures such as frequent hand wash, use of masks, and social distancing would prevent the spread of the disease. This review focuses on a brief description of the viral structure and its multiplication, epidemiology and therapeutics with a special mention on the nanotechnology approach to combat covid-19. This review describes briefly the SARS-CoV-2 viral structure and its multiplication, epidemiology and therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79162997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999201202123222
Shirin Saberianpour, Leila Abkhooie, Babak Elyasifar, A. Dilmaghani
Proteases are the most important industrial enzymes with diverse applications in bacteria, such as Bacillus, commonly used to produce protease for industrial purposes. Proteases are commercially exploited in a larger scale, especially in pharmaceutical, food, leather, and detergent industries. The present study sought to screen and optimize protease enzyme activity produced by local bacteria. The effects of incubation time, temperature, and initial pH were investigated to improve the extracellular protease enzyme activity by two bacteria, named Bacillus subtilis strain DAR and Alkalihalobacillus hwajinpoensis strain 3NB. These two isolates have already been isolated and registered from Iran. The results indicated that the optimum incubation time for the protease activity in B. Subtilis strain DAR is 36 h in contrast to 40 h in Alkalihalobacillus hwajinpoensis strain 3NB. The optimum incubation temperatures for enzyme activity for B. Subtilis and Alkalihalobacillus hwajinpoensis are 50°C and 40°C, respectively. Optimum pH values for protease activity of both bacteria are 8. The optimum incubation time, pH, and temperature were investigated for better protease activity. Further studies are recommended to improve protease activity by changing enzyme substrates.
{"title":"Screening and Optimization of Protease Enzyme Produced by Strains of Alkalihalobacillus Sp. and Bacillus Sp.","authors":"Shirin Saberianpour, Leila Abkhooie, Babak Elyasifar, A. Dilmaghani","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999201202123222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999201202123222","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Proteases are the most important industrial enzymes with diverse applications\u0000in bacteria, such as Bacillus, commonly used to produce protease for industrial purposes. Proteases\u0000are commercially exploited in a larger scale, especially in pharmaceutical, food, leather, and\u0000detergent industries.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study sought to screen and optimize protease enzyme activity produced by\u0000local bacteria.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The effects of incubation time, temperature, and initial pH were investigated to improve\u0000the extracellular protease enzyme activity by two bacteria, named Bacillus subtilis strain DAR and\u0000Alkalihalobacillus hwajinpoensis strain 3NB. These two isolates have already been isolated and\u0000registered from Iran.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results indicated that the optimum incubation time for the protease activity in B. Subtilis\u0000strain DAR is 36 h in contrast to 40 h in Alkalihalobacillus hwajinpoensis strain 3NB. The optimum\u0000incubation temperatures for enzyme activity for B. Subtilis and Alkalihalobacillus hwajinpoensis\u0000are 50°C and 40°C, respectively. Optimum pH values for protease activity of both bacteria\u0000are 8.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The optimum incubation time, pH, and temperature were investigated for better protease\u0000activity. Further studies are recommended to improve protease activity by changing enzyme\u0000substrates.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76323798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999201202123939
A. Ilangovan, Akshaya Venkatramanan, Pakutharivu Thangarajan, A. Saravanan, S. Rajendran, K. Kaveri
The Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized successfully by using Tagetes erecta flower aqueous extract and evaluated for their antioxidant potential, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Phytochemical screening of aqueous crude extract and synthesized ZnO NPs of Tagetes erecta flower revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, tannins, proteins, etc. The characterization was done by various spectral analyses. In vitro antioxidant activities of synthesized ZnO NPs were found to possess concentration-dependent free radical scavenging activity was carried on different free radicals i.e. DPPH and ABTS. Antimicrobial activity of synthesized ZnO NPs was performed by agar well diffusion method and compared with control ampicillin, while cytotoxic effects were determined by MTT assay against human cervical cancer cell line. UV-Visible spectra were conducted to confirm the synthesis of ZnO NPs and peak obtained at 364.15nm. X-ray analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles and the average size of the nanoparticles was 30-50nm and was spherical shape analyzed by SEM. The synthesized ZnO NPs showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms and a maximum inhibition zone was found against E. coli in gram-negative and S. aureus in gram-positive bacteria. Synthesized ZnO NPs were showed 50% cell viability at 26.53μg/ml against the HeLa cancer cell line. The conclusion of this study suggests both the aqueous crude extract of Tagetes erecta flower and synthesized ZnO NPs showed an excellent alternative source of antimicrobial agent also an attractive selective cytotoxic activity against HeLa tested cancer lines, offering satisfying ‘safe and cheaper’ alternatives to conventional therapy protocols.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Aqueous Extract of Tagetes Erecta flower and Evaluation of its Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic activities on HeLa cell line.","authors":"A. Ilangovan, Akshaya Venkatramanan, Pakutharivu Thangarajan, A. Saravanan, S. Rajendran, K. Kaveri","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999201202123939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999201202123939","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized successfully\u0000by using Tagetes erecta flower aqueous extract and evaluated for their antioxidant potential, antimicrobial\u0000and cytotoxic potential.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Phytochemical screening of aqueous crude extract and synthesized ZnO NPs of Tagetes\u0000erecta flower revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, tannins,\u0000proteins, etc. The characterization was done by various spectral analyses. In vitro antioxidant activities\u0000of synthesized ZnO NPs were found to possess concentration-dependent free radical scavenging\u0000activity was carried on different free radicals i.e. DPPH and ABTS. Antimicrobial activity of\u0000synthesized ZnO NPs was performed by agar well diffusion method and compared with control\u0000ampicillin, while cytotoxic effects were determined by MTT assay against human cervical cancer\u0000cell line.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 UV-Visible spectra were conducted to confirm the synthesis of ZnO NPs and peak obtained\u0000at 364.15nm. X-ray analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles and the average\u0000size of the nanoparticles was 30-50nm and was spherical shape analyzed by SEM. The synthesized\u0000ZnO NPs showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms and a maximum\u0000inhibition zone was found against E. coli in gram-negative and S. aureus in gram-positive bacteria.\u0000Synthesized ZnO NPs were showed 50% cell viability at 26.53μg/ml against the HeLa cancer cell\u0000line.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The conclusion of this study suggests both the aqueous crude extract of Tagetes\u0000erecta flower and synthesized ZnO NPs showed an excellent alternative source of antimicrobial\u0000agent also an attractive selective cytotoxic activity against HeLa tested cancer lines, offering satisfying\u0000‘safe and cheaper’ alternatives to conventional therapy protocols.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"101 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74845189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999201125202420
Chandni Chandarana, Jyoti Suthar, Aman Goyel
Online analysis of bioprocesses by analytical spectroscopic methods is used to produce fast sample analysis. Bio-transformations are directly controlled by continuous process It improves management of Quality. Various methods for online analysis have been reported. This review article majorly covers applications for infrared [NIR and MIR]; Fluorescence; Ultraviolet [UV] Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy for online monitoring of bioprocesses. The use of Uv- Vis spectroscopy in bioprocess monitoring to measure different chemicals compound present in sample. The measurement of proteins and other large molecule, where light is absorbed by functional group of molecules, resulting in non-specific uv-vis spectra. Raman spectroscopy is supportive to MIR, yielding different intensities and selectivity. Raman measures inelastic scattering from a monochromatic radiation source. Fluorescence spectroscopy monitoring and automation of fluorescence can be improved by using in combination with chemometric model for cultivation of e-coli. The application of spectroscopic methods for the analysis of bioprocess result in complex spectra. The methods under discussion produce datasets which overlapping spectra for all of these components which requires multivariate data analysis method, such as Partial least square (PLS), regression or principal component regression for data analysis also the use of calibration dataset and chemometric algorithms which is beyond the scope of review.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Techniques: A Versatile Tool for Bioprocess Monitoring","authors":"Chandni Chandarana, Jyoti Suthar, Aman Goyel","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999201125202420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999201125202420","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Online analysis of bioprocesses by analytical spectroscopic methods is used to produce\u0000fast sample analysis. Bio-transformations are directly controlled by continuous process It improves\u0000management of Quality. Various methods for online analysis have been reported. This review article\u0000majorly covers applications for infrared [NIR and MIR]; Fluorescence; Ultraviolet [UV] Spectroscopy\u0000and Raman Spectroscopy for online monitoring of bioprocesses. The use of Uv- Vis spectroscopy\u0000in bioprocess monitoring to measure different chemicals compound present in sample.\u0000The measurement of proteins and other large molecule, where light is absorbed by functional group\u0000of molecules, resulting in non-specific uv-vis spectra. Raman spectroscopy is supportive to MIR,\u0000yielding different intensities and selectivity. Raman measures inelastic scattering from a monochromatic\u0000radiation source. Fluorescence spectroscopy monitoring and automation of fluorescence can\u0000be improved by using in combination with chemometric model for cultivation of e-coli. The application\u0000of spectroscopic methods for the analysis of bioprocess result in complex spectra. The methods\u0000under discussion produce datasets which overlapping spectra for all of these components\u0000which requires multivariate data analysis method, such as Partial least square (PLS), regression or\u0000principal component regression for data analysis also the use of calibration dataset and chemometric\u0000algorithms which is beyond the scope of review.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82703386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999200821155854
Shouvik Chakravarty, K. Sultana, Sumanta Das, Indrani Chandra
Centella asiatica (L.) is an herbaceous, frost-tender perennial plant belonging to the Apiaceae family. It is rich in important secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, flavonoids and saponins. It is used as a traditional medicine for skin infection, cough and asthma. The present study was intended at the quantitative and qualitative analysis of its secondary metabolites. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was performed to separate the compounds according to their Rf (Retention factor) values. The total phenolic content of ethanol leaf extract was 45.72 ± 6.05 mg GAE/g determined by Folin Ciocalteu’s assay. The maximum content of total flavonoids was found in aqueous leaf extract, 44.62 ± 2.45 mg QE/g. Aqueous extract of leaf and stem showed the highest antioxidant activity with DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay (45.66 ± 1.29 & 45.20 ± 3.0, respectively). The present study revealed the antioxidant properties in Centella asiatica.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis of Secondary Metabolites and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Centella asiatica (L.) by UV-Vis Spectroscopy","authors":"Shouvik Chakravarty, K. Sultana, Sumanta Das, Indrani Chandra","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999200821155854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999200821155854","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Centella asiatica (L.) is an herbaceous, frost-tender perennial plant belonging\u0000to the Apiaceae family. It is rich in important secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, flavonoids and\u0000saponins. It is used as a traditional medicine for skin infection, cough and asthma.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study was intended at the quantitative and qualitative analysis of its secondary\u0000metabolites. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was performed to separate the compounds according\u0000to their Rf (Retention factor) values.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The total phenolic content of ethanol leaf extract was 45.72 ± 6.05 mg GAE/g determined by\u0000Folin Ciocalteu’s assay. The maximum content of total flavonoids was found in aqueous leaf extract,\u000044.62 ± 2.45 mg QE/g. Aqueous extract of leaf and stem showed the highest antioxidant activity with\u0000DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay (45.66 ± 1.29 & 45.20 ± 3.0, respectively).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study revealed the antioxidant properties in Centella asiatica.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"29 1","pages":"120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82295502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999200801020116
Maheshwar Singh, D. N. Rao, B. Sathish, S. P. Soundarya, Anusha Rajagopalan, B. O. Sukumaran
Proteases play a crucial role in the pharmacological properties of latex producing plants. Some of them exhibited intervention with fibrinogenolysis and/or fibrinolysis, two crucial wound healing events. To evaluate wound healing potential of crude and partially purified enzyme from Tabernaemontana divaricata (stem and latex). Proteolytic activity, clot inducing/dissolving potential, fibrinogen polymerization, recalcification time, blood clot lysis and Tricine-SDS PAGE for enzyme treated fibrinogen and human plasma clot were performed. Latex PPE exhibited significant proteolytic activity (115.8 ± 0.3 U/ml) compared to that of the stem (28.78 ± 0.2 U/ml). Enzyme preparations exhibited temporally spaced clot inducing and subsequent dissolving properties favoring hemostatic effect, procoagulant effect being dominant and the first event. Significant reduction in fibrinogen absorbance at 540 nm with time, recalcification time and human fibrinogenolytic product analysis on Tricine PAGE substantiated procoagulant effect. Disappearance of Aα and Bβ fibrinopeptides by both stem and latex PPEs in the PAGE was observed. γ subunits were completely hydrolysed by latex PPE, however, it showed comparative resistance to stem PPE. Reduction in blood clot weight and fibrin subunit intensity supported thrombolytic property. The study provides evidence of the procoagulant and thrombolytic activity associated with T. divaricata proteases.
{"title":"Tabernaemontana divaricata Stem and Latex Proteases as Haemostatic Agent with Temporally Spaced Intense Fibrinogenolytic and Mild Fibrinolytic Activity","authors":"Maheshwar Singh, D. N. Rao, B. Sathish, S. P. Soundarya, Anusha Rajagopalan, B. O. Sukumaran","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999200801020116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999200801020116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Proteases play a crucial role in the pharmacological properties of latex producing\u0000plants. Some of them exhibited intervention with fibrinogenolysis and/or fibrinolysis, two crucial\u0000wound healing events.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To evaluate wound healing potential of crude and partially purified enzyme from Tabernaemontana\u0000divaricata (stem and latex).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Proteolytic activity, clot inducing/dissolving potential, fibrinogen polymerization,\u0000recalcification time, blood clot lysis and Tricine-SDS PAGE for enzyme treated fibrinogen and\u0000human plasma clot were performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Latex PPE exhibited significant proteolytic activity (115.8 ± 0.3 U/ml) compared to that of the\u0000stem (28.78 ± 0.2 U/ml). Enzyme preparations exhibited temporally spaced clot inducing and subsequent\u0000dissolving properties favoring hemostatic effect, procoagulant effect being dominant and the first\u0000event. Significant reduction in fibrinogen absorbance at 540 nm with time, recalcification time and\u0000human fibrinogenolytic product analysis on Tricine PAGE substantiated procoagulant effect. Disappearance\u0000of Aα and Bβ fibrinopeptides by both stem and latex PPEs in the PAGE was observed. γ subunits\u0000were completely hydrolysed by latex PPE, however, it showed comparative resistance to stem\u0000PPE. Reduction in blood clot weight and fibrin subunit intensity supported thrombolytic property.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study provides evidence of the procoagulant and thrombolytic activity associated\u0000with T. divaricata proteases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":"134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88753405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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