Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999200720162747
Sunil Choe, Choljin Kim, U. Yun, Hyon-Gwang Li, Cholho Kim
The focus of this study was to prepare and characterize the single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv)-coupled immunoaffinity column for purification of subtilisin BRC. The scFv against subtilisin BRC was immobilized onto CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Adsorption isotherm for subtilisin BRC on scFv-BRC-coupled Sepharose 4B was obtained and calculated the maximum binding capacity. The extraction conditions, including eluting solution, the concentration of eluting solution and flow rate, were optimized. Under the optimized eluting conditions, the dynamic binding capacity of the immunoaffinity column was determined. The scFv-BRC-coupled Sepharose 4B for immunoaffinity purification of subtilisin BRC was prepared. The coupling efficiency was about 78.4%, e.g. about 8 mg of scFv-BRC was covalently coupled to 1 g CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The maximum equilibrium binding capacity (qm) and dissociation constant (Kd) of the immunoaffinity column for subtilisin BRC were 3.01 mg/mL and 0.465 mg/mL, respectively. The immunoaffinity chromatography conditions were optimized and the subtilisin BRC was purified 3.29-fold with 55.6%. The subtilisin BRC was effectively purified with high purity using scFv-BRC-coupled Sepharose 4B and the dynamic binding capacity of the column was determined. These results suggested that scFv-BRC can be used as a ligand for affinity purification of subtilisin BRC.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of scFv-Coupled Immunoaffinity Column for Purification of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Bacillus subtilis Natto-89","authors":"Sunil Choe, Choljin Kim, U. Yun, Hyon-Gwang Li, Cholho Kim","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999200720162747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999200720162747","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The focus of this study was to prepare and characterize the single-chain variable\u0000fragment antibody (scFv)-coupled immunoaffinity column for purification of subtilisin BRC.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The scFv against subtilisin BRC was immobilized onto CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Adsorption\u0000isotherm for subtilisin BRC on scFv-BRC-coupled Sepharose 4B was obtained and calculated\u0000the maximum binding capacity. The extraction conditions, including eluting solution, the concentration\u0000of eluting solution and flow rate, were optimized. Under the optimized eluting conditions, the dynamic\u0000binding capacity of the immunoaffinity column was determined.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The scFv-BRC-coupled Sepharose 4B for immunoaffinity purification of subtilisin BRC was\u0000prepared. The coupling efficiency was about 78.4%, e.g. about 8 mg of scFv-BRC was covalently coupled\u0000to 1 g CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The maximum equilibrium binding capacity (qm) and dissociation\u0000constant (Kd) of the immunoaffinity column for subtilisin BRC were 3.01 mg/mL and 0.465\u0000mg/mL, respectively. The immunoaffinity chromatography conditions were optimized and the subtilisin\u0000BRC was purified 3.29-fold with 55.6%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The subtilisin BRC was effectively purified with high purity using scFv-BRC-coupled\u0000Sepharose 4B and the dynamic binding capacity of the column was determined. These results suggested\u0000that scFv-BRC can be used as a ligand for affinity purification of subtilisin BRC.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"104-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85859369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999200728153839
Mulugeta Mulat, Raksha Anand, Fazlurrahman Khan
The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.
{"title":"Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives","authors":"Mulugeta Mulat, Raksha Anand, Fazlurrahman Khan","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999200728153839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999200728153839","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both\u0000prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule\u0000at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of\u0000drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been\u0000found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria,\u0000plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive\u0000role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of\u0000the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from\u0000the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that\u0000may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized\u0000recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems.\u0000The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative\u0000in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives\u0000(natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also\u0000been discussed.","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":"78-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87991818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.2174/2211550109666200303111411
Nikita Saraswat, N. Sachan, P. Chandra
Selinum vaginatum is an endemic Indian plant present on high altitude and is known as “Bhootkeshi,” by the locals. The root of plant Selinum vaginatum commonly known as “Bhootkeshi” from the family Umbellifercae is an aromatic herbal drug. Selinum vaginatum has been used traditionally for curing seizures, epilepsy, mental illness, and hysteria. This plant has shown therapeutic effects as used by the locals. There is no data available regarding standardization of the roots of Selinum vaginatum. It is a novel work as the plant is rarely found and shows medicinal values but no quality control work has been performed. The aim of this paper is to study quality control and carry out physicochemical analysis and standardization of the roots of Selinum vaginatum for determining its quality and purity. As no work has been performed on the roots of this plant, so standardization will help in keeping a record of the parameters exhibited during the evaluation of the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The organoleptic characteristics were studied and physicochemical tests, phytochemical analysis, fluorescence analysis, TLC, UV, FTIR, NMR, and Electrospray Ionisation - Mass spectroscopy, HPLC and other parameters were carried out for the standardization of the test drug. The procedures were carried out as per the WHO standards. The total ash values, swelling index, foaming index, moisture content, alcohol, and water-soluble extractive values were calculated. The TLC profile of Selinum vaginatum was observed and the UV, FTIR, HPLC, NMR and Mass spectroscopies of the plant were also performed. The microscopic results showed the presence of schizogenous canals in abundance, cork cells, oil and globules, while medullary rays and pith were absent and around 10-17 layers of cells were seen. The presence of active compounds like phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, essential oils, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, and acids was reported by phytochemical tests, TLC, UV, NMR, HPLC, Mass, and FTIR spectroscopy methods. These compounds can be studied in detail for understanding the potential pharmacological benefits and decoding the traditional uses. The spectroscopic analysis and physicochemical tests have shown the presence of phenols, esters, organic halogens, carbohydrate, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ethers, and glycosides which must be responsible for the medicinal properties of the plant. This study has provided a set of information that will be useful for the identification of fresh batches of the roots of Selinum vaginatum and this can be used as a reference set of information for accessing the purity, quality and identification, and analysis of the authenticity of the plant roots. Spectroscopic techniques have shown peaks, which on interpretation have reported the presence of active compounds - (coumarins like selenidin, angelicin, vaginidine, furocoumarin - oroselol and coumarin derivative- lomatin, isovaleric acid, Valeranone, Tricyclene, p-Cymen
{"title":"Standardization Using Analytical Techniques (UV, NMR, FTIR, HPLC, Mass) and Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Roots of Selinum vaginatum: A Rare Himalayan Plant of the Rohtang Region","authors":"Nikita Saraswat, N. Sachan, P. Chandra","doi":"10.2174/2211550109666200303111411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109666200303111411","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Selinum vaginatum is an endemic Indian plant present on high altitude and is known\u0000as “Bhootkeshi,” by the locals. The root of plant Selinum vaginatum commonly known as “Bhootkeshi” from\u0000the family Umbellifercae is an aromatic herbal drug. Selinum vaginatum has been used traditionally for curing\u0000seizures, epilepsy, mental illness, and hysteria. This plant has shown therapeutic effects as used by the locals.\u0000There is no data available regarding standardization of the roots of Selinum vaginatum. It is a novel work as the\u0000plant is rarely found and shows medicinal values but no quality control work has been performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this paper is to study quality control and carry out physicochemical analysis and standardization\u0000of the roots of Selinum vaginatum for determining its quality and purity. As no work has been performed\u0000on the roots of this plant, so standardization will help in keeping a record of the parameters exhibited\u0000during the evaluation of the roots of Selinum vaginatum.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The organoleptic characteristics were studied and physicochemical tests, phytochemical analysis,\u0000fluorescence analysis, TLC, UV, FTIR, NMR, and Electrospray Ionisation - Mass spectroscopy, HPLC and\u0000other parameters were carried out for the standardization of the test drug. The procedures were carried out as\u0000per the WHO standards. The total ash values, swelling index, foaming index, moisture content, alcohol, and\u0000water-soluble extractive values were calculated. The TLC profile of Selinum vaginatum was observed and the\u0000UV, FTIR, HPLC, NMR and Mass spectroscopies of the plant were also performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 The microscopic results showed the presence of schizogenous canals in abundance, cork cells, oil and\u0000globules, while medullary rays and pith were absent and around 10-17 layers of cells were seen. The presence of\u0000active compounds like phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, essential oils, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates,\u0000and acids was reported by phytochemical tests, TLC, UV, NMR, HPLC, Mass, and FTIR spectroscopy\u0000methods. These compounds can be studied in detail for understanding the potential pharmacological benefits and\u0000decoding the traditional uses. The spectroscopic analysis and physicochemical tests have shown the presence of\u0000phenols, esters, organic halogens, carbohydrate, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ethers, and glycosides which must be\u0000responsible for the medicinal properties of the plant.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study has provided a set of information that will be useful for the identification of fresh batches\u0000of the roots of Selinum vaginatum and this can be used as a reference set of information for accessing the purity,\u0000quality and identification, and analysis of the authenticity of the plant roots. Spectroscopic techniques have\u0000shown peaks, which on interpretation have reported the presence of active compounds - (coumarins like selenidin,\u0000angelicin, vaginidine, furocoumarin - oroselol and coumarin derivative- lomatin, isovaleric acid, Valeranone,\u0000Tricyclene, p-Cymen","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75232541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999200801015453
Nupur Ojha, N. Das
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polyesters produced by various microorganisms. The major drawback of PHA, which is restricting its large-scale production in industries, is its high cost of raw materials and lower PHA concentration. The present study aimed to enhance the production of PHA from Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-NN01 by optimizing various nutrient and environmental stress conditions and its characterization. Effect of various stress conditions viz. nitrogen limitation, salinity, chemical mutagens (acridine orange, sodium azide), and physical stresses (UV, Low Electric Current (LEC), Magnetic Field Intensity (MFI), sound waves) were optimized to screen the best strategic growth conditions for the maximum accumulation of PHA in W. anomalus VIT-NN01. Instrumental analysis was done to evaluate the various changes that occurred in the treated cells and extracted PHA. The maximum PHA content was observed on the effect of sound waves (88.74%), followed by LEC (87.8%) and MFI (85.75%). The morphological changes in length, shape, and size of the treated W. anomalus cells were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Smooth, porous matrix, and pseudo spherical microstructure of the extracted PHA were observed by scanning electron microscopy and TEM analysis. The extracted polymer was identified as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] co-polymer comprised of 51.66% 3HB and 48.33% 3HV monomer units based on gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the extracted P(3HB-co- 3HV). The degradation and melting temperatures were found to be 275.9 and 113.8°C, respectively, through thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. These results supported the potentiality of W. anomalus, which tolerated the stress conditions and enhanced P(3HB-co-3HV) production from 60 to 88.74% and showed the novelty of present work. This is the first report elucidating the importance of physical stress conditions viz. low electric current, magnetic field intensity, and sound waves for the significant enhancement of PHA production in yeast.
{"title":"Effects of Various Stress Conditions to Enhance Polyhydroxyalkanoates Accumulation in Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-NN01","authors":"Nupur Ojha, N. Das","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999200801015453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999200801015453","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polyesters produced by various microorganisms.\u0000The major drawback of PHA, which is restricting its large-scale production in industries, is its\u0000high cost of raw materials and lower PHA concentration.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study aimed to enhance the production of PHA from Wickerhamomyces anomalus\u0000VIT-NN01 by optimizing various nutrient and environmental stress conditions and its characterization.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Effect of various stress conditions viz. nitrogen limitation, salinity, chemical mutagens (acridine\u0000orange, sodium azide), and physical stresses (UV, Low Electric Current (LEC), Magnetic Field\u0000Intensity (MFI), sound waves) were optimized to screen the best strategic growth conditions for the\u0000maximum accumulation of PHA in W. anomalus VIT-NN01. Instrumental analysis was done to evaluate\u0000the various changes that occurred in the treated cells and extracted PHA.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The maximum PHA content was observed on the effect of sound waves (88.74%), followed\u0000by LEC (87.8%) and MFI (85.75%). The morphological changes in length, shape, and size of the treated\u0000W. anomalus cells were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Smooth, porous\u0000matrix, and pseudo spherical microstructure of the extracted PHA were observed by scanning electron\u0000microscopy and TEM analysis. The extracted polymer was identified as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-\u0000hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] co-polymer comprised of 51.66% 3HB and 48.33% 3HV monomer\u0000units based on gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic\u0000analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the extracted P(3HB-co-\u00003HV). The degradation and melting temperatures were found to be 275.9 and 113.8°C, respectively,\u0000through thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These results supported the potentiality of W. anomalus, which tolerated the stress conditions\u0000and enhanced P(3HB-co-3HV) production from 60 to 88.74% and showed the novelty of present\u0000work. This is the first report elucidating the importance of physical stress conditions viz. low electric\u0000current, magnetic field intensity, and sound waves for the significant enhancement of PHA production\u0000in yeast.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"63 1","pages":"143-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90265733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999200720162021
G. Coelho, K. K. S. Silva, Dayse Pereira Dias Silva, Julya Karolyne Neres Costa Soares, Nara Ballaminut, Douglas Vieira Thomaz
Azo dyes are widely used recalcitrant chemicals and may promote environmental hazards. Amongst the known azo dyes is CI Direct Red 28 (C32H22N6Na2O6S2) aka Congo Red (CR), which is a known mutagen and carcinogen. In this regard, this work aimed at the biodegradation of a CR-containing synthetic effluent, and the evaluation of the ecotoxicity of post-treatment residues. Lentinus sp. Laccase (Lac)-mediated bioremediation of CR was optimized upon added concentrations of sucrose and CuSO4, moreover a standard ecotoxicity assay was performed. Results showed that the addition of 5% sucrose and 2 mM CuSO4 increased CR degradation, with Lac activity at 48 h of 30.2 U mL-1, and at 72 h of 31.9 U mL-1. Moreover, the ecotoxicity assay showcased that CR degradation by Lentinus sp. Lac seemingly generated low ecotoxic byproducts. Given that CR bioremediation byproducts were known to exhibit high toxicity, our results shed light on the use of Lentinus sp. catalytic arsenal to promote proper remediation of azo dyepolluted effluents.
偶氮染料是一种广泛使用的顽固性化学物质，可能对环境造成危害。在已知的偶氮染料中，CI直接红28 (C32H22N6Na2O6S2)又名刚果红(CR)，是一种已知的诱变剂和致癌物。在这方面，本工作旨在生物降解含铬合成废水，并评价处理后残留物的生态毒性。在添加蔗糖和CuSO4浓度的条件下，优化了Laccase (Lac)介导的CR生物修复，并进行了标准的生态毒性试验。结果表明，添加5%蔗糖和2 mM CuSO4提高了CR的降解，Lac活性在48 h为30.2 U mL-1, 72 h为31.9 U mL-1。此外，生态毒性试验表明，Lentinus sp. Lac降解CR产生的副产物毒性较低。鉴于已知CR生物修复副产物具有高毒性，我们的研究结果揭示了使用香氛属的催化库来促进偶氮染料污染废水的适当修复。
{"title":"Biodegradation of Synthetic Effluent Containing CI Direct Red 28 (Congo Red) by Lentinus sp. Laccase Leads to Low Ecotoxicity","authors":"G. Coelho, K. K. S. Silva, Dayse Pereira Dias Silva, Julya Karolyne Neres Costa Soares, Nara Ballaminut, Douglas Vieira Thomaz","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999200720162021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999200720162021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Azo dyes are widely used recalcitrant chemicals and may promote environmental\u0000hazards. Amongst the known azo dyes is CI Direct Red 28 (C32H22N6Na2O6S2) aka Congo Red\u0000(CR), which is a known mutagen and carcinogen. In this regard, this work aimed at the biodegradation\u0000of a CR-containing synthetic effluent, and the evaluation of the ecotoxicity of post-treatment residues.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Lentinus sp. Laccase (Lac)-mediated bioremediation of CR was optimized upon added concentrations\u0000of sucrose and CuSO4, moreover a standard ecotoxicity assay was performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results showed that the addition of 5% sucrose and 2 mM CuSO4 increased CR degradation,\u0000with Lac activity at 48 h of 30.2 U mL-1, and at 72 h of 31.9 U mL-1. Moreover, the ecotoxicity assay\u0000showcased that CR degradation by Lentinus sp. Lac seemingly generated low ecotoxic byproducts.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Given that CR bioremediation byproducts were known to exhibit high toxicity, our results\u0000shed light on the use of Lentinus sp. catalytic arsenal to promote proper remediation of azo dyepolluted\u0000effluents.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"59 1","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79487931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999201113111725
S. Arora, Devina Ghai, J. Sembi
V. planifolia is of tremendous commercial importance as a source of an important flavor, vanilla, which is the backbone of the culinary and perfumery industry. Hence, efforts to ease cultivation and promote growth in this plant are the need of the hour. Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) gene family, a class of vital transcription factors, plays a pivotal role in a large number of developmental processes. The present study aims to identify and characterize NF-Y gene family in Vanilla planifolia which would bring insights to their role as key factors promoting growth and development in this orchid. Physico-chemical characterization, protein structure prediction and interaction, the establishment of evolutionary relationship and expression profiling were attempted using various in silico tools. Twenty five putative NF-Y members were identified in Vanilla planifolia, which were further classified into three sub-classes, NF-YA (13), NF-YB (7) and NF-YC (5), on the basis of specific domains and conserved regions. Prediction of three-dimensional structure was done on the basis of structural similarity with NF-Y structure templates. Evolutionary analysis of the NF-Ys of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa classified these into three major clusters, which indicated the similarity of functions. Variable expression of VpNF-Y genes confirmed their role in diverse functions. VpNF-YA genes generally showed higher expression in vegetative tissues, while a few VpNF-YBs showed seed-specific expression. Protein-protein interaction indicated complex formation for optimum function. This work paves way for further functional characterization of NF-Y genes in Vanilla planfolia.
作为一种重要香料香草的来源，planifolia具有巨大的商业重要性，香草是烹饪和香水行业的支柱。因此，努力简化栽培和促进这种植物的生长是当务之急。核因子- y (NF-Y)基因家族是一类重要的转录因子，在许多发育过程中起着举足轻重的作用。本研究旨在对planifolia植物NF-Y基因家族进行鉴定和鉴定，以进一步了解其在planifolia植物生长发育中的关键作用。利用不同的硅工具对其理化性质、蛋白质结构预测和相互作用、进化关系的建立和表达谱进行了研究。在planifolia中鉴定出25个推测的NF-Y成员，并根据特定结构域和保守区域将其进一步划分为NF-YA(13)、NF-YB(7)和NF-YC(5)三个亚类。在与NF-Y结构模板结构相似的基础上进行三维结构预测。拟南芥和水稻的NF-Ys进化分析将它们划分为3大簇，这表明它们在功能上具有相似性。VpNF-Y基因的可变表达证实了它们在多种功能中的作用。VpNF-YA基因在营养组织中普遍表现出较高的表达，而少数vpnf - yb则表现出种子特异性表达。蛋白质与蛋白质的相互作用表明为达到最佳功能而形成的复合物。这项工作为进一步研究香草NF-Y基因的功能特征铺平了道路。
{"title":"Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y), the Key Player in Plant Growth and Development: Prediction and Characterization of Vanilla planifolia","authors":"S. Arora, Devina Ghai, J. Sembi","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999201113111725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999201113111725","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000V. planifolia is of tremendous commercial importance as a source of an\u0000important flavor, vanilla, which is the backbone of the culinary and perfumery industry. Hence, efforts\u0000to ease cultivation and promote growth in this plant are the need of the hour. Nuclear factor-Y\u0000(NF-Y) gene family, a class of vital transcription factors, plays a pivotal role in a large number of\u0000developmental processes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study aims to identify and characterize NF-Y gene family in Vanilla planifolia\u0000which would bring insights to their role as key factors promoting growth and development in\u0000this orchid.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Physico-chemical characterization, protein structure prediction and interaction, the establishment\u0000of evolutionary relationship and expression profiling were attempted using various in silico\u0000tools.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Twenty five putative NF-Y members were identified in Vanilla planifolia, which were further\u0000classified into three sub-classes, NF-YA (13), NF-YB (7) and NF-YC (5), on the basis of specific\u0000domains and conserved regions. Prediction of three-dimensional structure was done on the basis\u0000of structural similarity with NF-Y structure templates. Evolutionary analysis of the NF-Ys of\u0000Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa classified these into three major clusters, which indicated\u0000the similarity of functions. Variable expression of VpNF-Y genes confirmed their role in diverse\u0000functions. VpNF-YA genes generally showed higher expression in vegetative tissues, while a few\u0000VpNF-YBs showed seed-specific expression. Protein-protein interaction indicated complex formation\u0000for optimum function.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This work paves way for further functional characterization of NF-Y genes in Vanilla\u0000planfolia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80329787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999201113095459
Akshaya Venkatramanan, A. Ilangovan, Pakutharivu Thangarajan, A. Saravanan, Balachandar Mani
The Nanomaterials/Nanoparticles are of great interest today because of their small size and large surface area, modular and easily tunable morphology and size. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are widely used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Research on the synthesis and properties of metallic nanomaterials is a growing field of nanotechnology due to the use of nanoparticles in the scientific, technical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields. Green synthesis is an emerging technology for the production of nanoparticles due to its many advantages over traditional physical processes and the method of chemical synthesis. In this study, we report the cost-effective, long-lasting, stable, and regenerative aqueous extract of Elettaria cardamom seeds to target the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). This method is completely green, free from toxic and harmful solvents. CuO NPs were synthesized from a cupric nitrate mixture and the aqueous extracts of Elettaria cardamom seeds were kept at room temperature for 24 h. CuO NPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier Transfer infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzes. UV - Vis spectroscopy revealed the presence of CuO NPs. SEM images stated that the particles were spherical and ranged in size from 1–100nm. FTIR spectra of control (seed extract) and synthesized CuO NPs identify functional groups of active components. In addition, the synthesized CuO NPs were tested for antimicrobial activity by standard disc diffusion method. Nanoparticles found that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus resistant areas were observed around each well with antimicrobial activity against disease-causing pathogenic strains.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO NPs) From Aqueous Extract of Seeds of Eletteria Cardamomum and Its Antimicrobial Activity against Pathogens","authors":"Akshaya Venkatramanan, A. Ilangovan, Pakutharivu Thangarajan, A. Saravanan, Balachandar Mani","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999201113095459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999201113095459","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The Nanomaterials/Nanoparticles are of great interest today because of\u0000their small size and large surface area, modular and easily tunable morphology and size. Copper\u0000oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are widely used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Research on the\u0000synthesis and properties of metallic nanomaterials is a growing field of nanotechnology due to the\u0000use of nanoparticles in the scientific, technical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields. Green synthesis\u0000is an emerging technology for the production of nanoparticles due to its many advantages over\u0000traditional physical processes and the method of chemical synthesis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 In this study, we report the cost-effective, long-lasting, stable, and regenerative aqueous\u0000extract of Elettaria cardamom seeds to target the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs).\u0000This method is completely green, free from toxic and harmful solvents. CuO NPs were synthesized\u0000from a cupric nitrate mixture and the aqueous extracts of Elettaria cardamom seeds were\u0000kept at room temperature for 24 h. CuO NPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy,\u0000scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS),\u0000and Fourier Transfer infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzes. UV - Vis spectroscopy revealed the\u0000presence of CuO NPs.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000SEM images stated that the particles were spherical and ranged in size from 1–100nm.\u0000FTIR spectra of control (seed extract) and synthesized CuO NPs identify functional groups of active\u0000components. In addition, the synthesized CuO NPs were tested for antimicrobial activity by\u0000standard disc diffusion method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nanoparticles found that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus resistant areas\u0000were observed around each well with antimicrobial activity against disease-causing pathogenic\u0000strains.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"105 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76221398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.2174/2211550109999201113102157
F. S. Edaes, C. B. de Souza
Plastic materials are ubiquitous and, despite the great benefits and advantages that the materials provide to human beings and society, their harmful effects are remarkable. Plastics’ ingestion is harmful and can occur through microplastics and their by-products (BPA and DEHP). It can trigger health problems. Also, the material decomposition time is significant and consequently, plastic waste accumulates in the environment, posing a major problem to fauna and flora. The aim of this study is to develop a review of conventional plastics’ negative aspect in human and environmental life, as well as to study the existing biological and molecular strategies for the production of biodegradable plastics, making a comparison of their advantages over conventional plastics, in favor of socio-environmental welfare. In this review, articles published in the last 20 years related to different aspects of conventional plastics and biodegradable plastics were accurately analyzed and reviewed. The subjects addressed ranged from conventional plastics and the problems related to their large-scale production, as well as biodegradable plastics, their advantages and the most recent advances in the development of production methods and improvement of these biopolymers were extensively reviewed and discussed concisely. The present study demonstrated that, among the biopolymers discussed, thermoplastic starch (TPS) is the most promising one due to its low cost, being one of the best materials to provide a viable alternative in the search for biodegradable plastics. Polylactic acid (PLA) presents the greatest potential for future medical applications due to its unique physicochemical properties and the possibility of being used in 3D printing techniques.Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have the greatest commercial potential in replacing fossil fuel-based plastics because of their similar properties to conventional plastics and because they are synthesized by microorganisms from renewable carbon sources. This study demonstrated the various harmful effects that the large-scale use and improper disposal of conventional plastic materials generated to the environment and human health, and proposed an alternative to this problem, the biodegradable plastics. Although this study presented three promising biodegradable plastics (TPS, PLA and PHAs), as well as described their production methods, there are currently no viable biodegradable plastic polymers that can be used for the total replacement of conventional plastics, especially from an economic perspective. However, in the future, modifications in the production methods and chemical structures of these polymers will allow the replacement of conventional plastics by biodegradable plastics, as well as a more extensive application of these biopolymers.
{"title":"Conventional Plastics' Harmful Effects and Biological and Molecular Strategies for Biodegradable Plastics' Production","authors":"F. S. Edaes, C. B. de Souza","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999201113102157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999201113102157","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Plastic materials are ubiquitous and, despite the great benefits and advantages\u0000that the materials provide to human beings and society, their harmful effects are remarkable.\u0000Plastics’ ingestion is harmful and can occur through microplastics and their by-products (BPA and\u0000DEHP). It can trigger health problems. Also, the material decomposition time is significant and\u0000consequently, plastic waste accumulates in the environment, posing a major problem to fauna and\u0000flora.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this study is to develop a review of conventional plastics’ negative aspect in\u0000human and environmental life, as well as to study the existing biological and molecular strategies\u0000for the production of biodegradable plastics, making a comparison of their advantages over conventional\u0000plastics, in favor of socio-environmental welfare.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this review, articles published in the last 20 years related to different aspects of conventional\u0000plastics and biodegradable plastics were accurately analyzed and reviewed. The subjects\u0000addressed ranged from conventional plastics and the problems related to their large-scale production,\u0000as well as biodegradable plastics, their advantages and the most recent advances in the development\u0000of production methods and improvement of these biopolymers were extensively reviewed\u0000and discussed concisely.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study demonstrated that, among the biopolymers discussed, thermoplastic\u0000starch (TPS) is the most promising one due to its low cost, being one of the best materials to provide\u0000a viable alternative in the search for biodegradable plastics. Polylactic acid (PLA) presents the\u0000greatest potential for future medical applications due to its unique physicochemical properties and\u0000the possibility of being used in 3D printing techniques.Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have the\u0000greatest commercial potential in replacing fossil fuel-based plastics because of their similar properties\u0000to conventional plastics and because they are synthesized by microorganisms from renewable\u0000carbon sources.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 This study demonstrated the various harmful effects that the large-scale use and improper\u0000disposal of conventional plastic materials generated to the environment and human health,\u0000and proposed an alternative to this problem, the biodegradable plastics. Although this study presented\u0000three promising biodegradable plastics (TPS, PLA and PHAs), as well as described their production\u0000methods, there are currently no viable biodegradable plastic polymers that can be used for the\u0000total replacement of conventional plastics, especially from an economic perspective. However, in\u0000the future, modifications in the production methods and chemical structures of these polymers will\u0000allow the replacement of conventional plastics by biodegradable plastics, as well as a more extensive\u0000application of these biopolymers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86051619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.2174/2211550109666201113111042
J. Pandey, R. Garg, Dr Ashwini A. Waoo
Soybean is an essential legume crop that has grown mainly in Madhya Pradesh. It supplies over 25% of the vegetable oil requirement of the country and a substantial quantum of protein-rich by-product for animal feed requirements. Viral diseases caused by Begomoviruses, it is transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), responsible for yield reduction and economic losses in soybean production in Madhya Pradesh. The research aimed to detect Begomovirus such as Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) in soybean around District Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India, and construct a phylogenetic tree to study the evolutionary relationship. The disease percentage caused by Begomovirus present in soybean plants was analyzed using yellowing symptomatic samples in soybean in production areas. DNA isolation was performed from the collected symptomatic samples showing yellowing by using the CTAB method. The detection of Begomovirus MYMIV was carried out, encoded by coat protein (CP) genes by using specific primer-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Evolutionary relationship studies have been carried out further by constructing a phylogenetic tree with the help of bioinformatics tools. Results indicated that the incidence of disease ranged from 68.4-94.8%. An amplified PCR product with ~510 bp region of coat protein was amplified from infected samples of soybean. The nucleotide sequences of viral cp shared maximum nucleotide identity (94-99%) with previously identified Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus strains. The analyzed samples were formed with separate clusters with Begomoviruses, MYMIV. Infecting legumes indicated that virus related to the yellow mosaic disease has a close association with MYMIV. : All such studies will help support disease observation and control the whitefly Begomovirus in soybean which is an economically important crop by the implementation of management programs.
{"title":"Construction of Phylogenetic Tree of Coat Protein Gene Encoded by Begomoviruses to Detect Yellow Mosaic Viruses Infecting Soybean in Satna","authors":"J. Pandey, R. Garg, Dr Ashwini A. Waoo","doi":"10.2174/2211550109666201113111042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109666201113111042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Soybean is an essential legume crop that has grown mainly in Madhya\u0000Pradesh. It supplies over 25% of the vegetable oil requirement of the country and a substantial\u0000quantum of protein-rich by-product for animal feed requirements. Viral diseases caused by Begomoviruses,\u0000it is transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), responsible for yield reduction and economic\u0000losses in soybean production in Madhya Pradesh.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The research aimed to detect Begomovirus such as Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India\u0000Virus (MYMIV) in soybean around District Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India, and construct a phylogenetic\u0000tree to study the evolutionary relationship.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The disease percentage caused by Begomovirus present in soybean plants was analyzed\u0000using yellowing symptomatic samples in soybean in production areas. DNA isolation was performed\u0000from the collected symptomatic samples showing yellowing by using the CTAB method.\u0000The detection of Begomovirus MYMIV was carried out, encoded by coat protein (CP) genes by using\u0000specific primer-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Evolutionary relationship studies have\u0000been carried out further by constructing a phylogenetic tree with the help of bioinformatics tools.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results indicated that the incidence of disease ranged from 68.4-94.8%. An amplified\u0000PCR product with ~510 bp region of coat protein was amplified from infected samples of soybean.\u0000The nucleotide sequences of viral cp shared maximum nucleotide identity (94-99%) with previously\u0000identified Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus strains. The analyzed samples were formed with\u0000separate clusters with Begomoviruses, MYMIV. Infecting legumes indicated that virus related to\u0000the yellow mosaic disease has a close association with MYMIV.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000: All such studies will help support disease observation and control the whitefly Begomovirus\u0000in soybean which is an economically important crop by the implementation of management\u0000programs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"99 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86086009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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