Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

英文中文

Engineering nitrogen and carbon fixation for next-generation plants 下一代植物的氮和碳固定工程

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102699

Zehong Zhao , Alisdair R. Fernie , Youjun Zhang

Improving plant nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) acquisition and assimilation is a major challenge for global agriculture, food security, and ecological sustainability. Emerging synthetic biology techniques, including directed evolution, artificial intelligence (AI)-guided enzyme design, and metabolic engineering, have opened new avenues for optimizing nitrogenase to fix atmospheric N₂ in plants, engineering Rhizobia or other nitrogen-fixing bacteria for symbiotic associations with both legume and nonlegume crops, and enhancing carbon fixation to improve photosynthetic efficiency and source-to-sink assimilate fluxes. Here, we discuss the potential for engineering nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation mechanisms in plants, from rational and AI-driven optimization of nitrogen and carbon fixation cycles. Furthermore, we discuss strategies for modifying source-to-sink relationships to promote robust growth in extreme conditions, such as arid deserts, saline-alkaline soils, or even extraterrestrial environments like Mars. The combined engineering of N and C pathways promises a new generation of crops with enhanced productivity, resource-use efficiency, and resilience. Finally, we explore future perspectives, focusing on the integration of enzyme engineering via directed evolution and computational design to accelerate metabolic innovation in plants.

改善植物氮和碳的获取和同化是全球农业、粮食安全和生态可持续性面临的重大挑战。新兴的合成生物学技术，包括定向进化、人工智能（AI）指导的酶设计和代谢工程，为优化氮酶在植物中固定大气中的N2、设计根瘤菌或其他固氮细菌与豆科和非豆科作物的共生关系、增强碳固定以提高光合效率和源到库的同化通量开辟了新的途径。在这里，我们从合理的和人工智能驱动的氮和碳固定循环优化的角度讨论了植物工程固氮和碳固定机制的潜力。此外，我们讨论了修改源-汇关系的策略，以促进极端条件下的强劲增长，如干旱沙漠、盐碱土壤，甚至像火星这样的地外环境。氮和碳途径的联合工程有望培育出具有更高生产力、资源利用效率和抗逆性的新一代作物。最后，我们探讨了未来的前景，重点是通过定向进化和计算设计来整合酶工程，以加速植物的代谢创新。

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引用次数: 0

Organ symmetry establishment during gynoecium development 雌蕊发育过程中器官对称性的建立

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102732

Iqra Jamil , Ayanava Giri , Laila Moubayidin

Symmetry is a key factor in the morphological diversity and reproductive success of angiosperms (flowering plants). The gynoecium, the female reproductive organ of the flower, displays remarkable variation in symmetry types, ranging from bilateral to radial, from its base (ovary) to its apex (style). Proper tissue growth and differentiation occur along the body axes to form three-dimensional structures and establish symmetric forms within the organ.

In this review, we summarise the latest understanding on cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms governing pivotal symmetry changes during gynoecium development and highlight unresolved questions and potential avenues for future research. Understanding these processes provides valuable insights into the biological networks that regulate symmetry foundation in plant organs, contributing to a broader evolutionary and developmental perspective on plant morphogenesis.

对称是被子植物（开花植物）形态多样性和繁殖成功的关键因素。雌蕊，花的雌性生殖器官，在对称类型上表现出显著的变化，从两侧到放射状，从基部（子房）到顶部（花柱）。适当的组织生长和分化发生沿体轴形成三维结构和建立器官内的对称形式。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在雌蕊发育过程中控制关键对称性变化的细胞、分子和遗传机制的最新认识，并强调了尚未解决的问题和未来研究的潜在途径。了解这些过程可以为了解调节植物器官对称基础的生物网络提供有价值的见解，有助于从更广泛的角度研究植物形态发生的进化和发育。

引用次数: 0

Quantitative ambient mass spectrometry imaging in plants: A perspective on challenges and future applications 植物定量环境质谱成像：挑战与未来应用展望

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102736

Sarah E. Noll , Andrea M. Sama , Abigail Tripka , Alexandra J. Dickinson

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful approach to understanding plant chemistry in a native context because it retains key spatial information that is otherwise averaged out, permitting chemical compounds to be mapped to specific tissue structures. Identifying the spatial localization of compounds in plant tissues has provided insights into the synthesis and functional role of a wide range of endogenous molecules. The power and utility of MSI is being further expanded through the development of quantitative methodologies, which enable relative and absolute quantification of target analytes. Here, we briefly summarize applications of MSI in plant studies. We then turn our discussion to the challenges and developments in quantitative MSI, with a particular focus on ambient liquid extraction-based methods. Quantitative MSI is an emerging discipline in plant studies and holds great promise for revealing new information about the molecular composition of plant tissues and the pathways that regulate plant physiology.

质谱成像（MSI）是一种了解原生环境下植物化学的有力方法，因为它保留了关键的空间信息，否则会被平均掉，允许化合物被映射到特定的组织结构。确定植物组织中化合物的空间定位为了解广泛的内源分子的合成和功能作用提供了见解。通过定量方法的发展，MSI的力量和效用正在进一步扩大，这使得目标分析物的相对和绝对量化成为可能。本文就MSI在植物研究中的应用作一综述。然后，我们将讨论定量MSI的挑战和发展，特别关注基于环境液体提取的方法。定量MSI是植物研究中的一门新兴学科，在揭示植物组织的分子组成和调节植物生理的途径方面具有很大的前景。

引用次数: 0

Plant sphingolipids: Subcellular distributions and functions 植物鞘脂：亚细胞分布和功能

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102704

Chang Yang, Yin-Ming Lai, Nan Yao

Sphingolipids are common membrane components that maintain membrane structural integrity and function as signaling molecules. Different sphingolipids have specific functions and are unevenly distributed across the membranes of various organelles and subcellular compartments. In this review, we survey the sphingolipidomes of different subcellular structures in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cells and provide a detailed account of the functions of specific sphingolipids at each location. For example, glycosphingolipids, including glucosylceramide and glycosyl inositol phosphoceramide, mainly function in membranes, whereas simple sphingolipids, including free long-chain bases and ceramide, may have important signaling roles in the plasma membrane, mitochondria, and nucleus during plant stress responses and cell death. This review thus offers a broad perspective of the multifaceted roles of plant sphingolipids in different locations in the plant cell.

鞘脂是维持膜结构完整性和作为信号分子功能的常见膜成分。不同的鞘脂具有特定的功能，不均匀地分布在各种细胞器和亚细胞区室的膜上。在这篇综述中，我们调查了拟南芥细胞中不同亚细胞结构的鞘脂集，并详细介绍了每个位置特定鞘脂的功能。例如，鞘糖脂，包括糖基神经酰胺和糖基肌醇磷酸神经酰胺，主要在细胞膜中起作用，而简单鞘脂，包括游离长链碱基和神经酰胺，可能在植物逆境反应和细胞死亡过程中在质膜、线粒体和细胞核中起重要的信号传导作用。这一综述为鞘脂在植物细胞不同部位的多面作用提供了广阔的视角。

引用次数: 0

Alkaloid evolution in the Solanaceae 茄科生物碱的进化

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102727

Pablo A. Pérez-Mesa , Federico Roda

Alkaloids are a diverse class of nitrogen-containing metabolites involved in key biotic interactions, such as defense against herbivores and pathogens and the recruitment of pollinators. The Solanaceae family has served as a model for studying alkaloid evolution, due to the varied types of alkaloids it produces, such as nicotinoids, tropane alkaloids (TAs), steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), and capsaicinoids. Recent multi-omics and comparative genomics studies have expanded our understanding of the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms driving alkaloid diversification. These metabolites are produced by specific clades within the family, often in response to selective pressures such as herbivore and pathogen coevolution, which shape alkaloid profiles through both diversification and reduction. Evolutionary processes like genome duplications, rearrangements, and introgressions have also played a significant role in the emergence of new alkaloid pathways, promoting metabolic adaptations. The Solanaceae family exhibits both convergence and divergence in alkaloid production, with certain alkaloids arising independently in different lineages. Notably, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and gene duplication have been linked to alkaloid diversification, with the structure and function of these regions driving metabolic variability. Furthermore, human domestication of plants such as tobacco and chili peppers has influenced the alkaloid profiles of crop species, particularly in terms of pest resistance and flavor. The evolution of alkaloids in this family has not only shaped plant defense mechanisms but also has important implications for human health and agriculture. This review highlights the dynamic interplay between genetics, ecology, and human influence in the evolution of alkaloids within the Solanaceae family.

生物碱是一种多种含氮代谢物，参与关键的生物相互作用，如防御食草动物和病原体以及招募传粉者。由于茄科植物产生的生物碱种类繁多，如烟碱、tropane生物碱（TAs）、甾体糖生物碱（SGAs）和辣椒素等，因此茄科植物已成为研究生物碱进化的模型。最近的多组学和比较基因组学研究扩大了我们对驱动生物碱多样化的遗传和进化机制的理解。这些代谢物是由家族内的特定分支产生的，通常是对选择压力的反应，例如草食动物和病原体的共同进化，这些压力通过多样化和减少来塑造生物碱谱。基因组复制、重排和基因渗入等进化过程也在新的生物碱途径的出现中发挥了重要作用，促进了代谢适应。茄科植物在生物碱生产上既有趋同又有分化，某些生物碱在不同谱系中独立产生。值得注意的是，生物合成基因簇（BGCs）和基因复制与生物碱多样化有关，这些区域的结构和功能驱动代谢变异性。此外，人类对烟草和辣椒等植物的驯化影响了作物物种的生物碱谱，特别是在抗虫害和风味方面。该科生物碱的进化不仅塑造了植物的防御机制，而且对人类健康和农业具有重要意义。本文综述了茄科生物碱的遗传、生态和人类影响之间的动态相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial overview: Biotic interactions - focus on the apoplastic playground 编辑概述：生物相互作用-关注外体游乐场

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102700

Mariana Schuster, Lay-Sun Ma

引用次数: 0

Roles of sugar metabolism and transport in flower development 糖代谢和转运在花发育中的作用

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102722

Monica Borghi

Flowers, which are primarily heterotrophic, thrive on photosynthates transported to the floral receptacle through the phloem. Once phloem unloading occurs, carbohydrates are distributed to various flower organs to support growth and development. This brief review summarizes how flowers acquire carbohydrates and transport them to different organs and tissues through the coordinated actions of transporters and enzymes, as well as the developmental issues that arise from carbohydrate imbalances. It will also discuss recently discovered transcription factors that regulate carbohydrate utilization in anthers and pistils. Additionally, the review provides an overview of the role of sugars as signaling molecules regulating floral organ development and the interaction between sugars and hormones.

花主要是异养的，依靠通过韧皮部运输到花托的光合作用而茁壮成长。一旦韧皮部卸荷发生，碳水化合物被分配到各个花器官，以支持生长发育。本文简要综述了花如何通过转运体和酶的协调作用获取碳水化合物并将其运输到不同的器官和组织，以及碳水化合物失衡引起的发育问题。还将讨论最近发现的调控花药和雌蕊碳水化合物利用的转录因子。此外，本文还综述了糖作为信号分子调控花器官发育的作用以及糖与激素之间的相互作用。

引用次数: 0

All roads lead to dome: Multicellular dynamics during de novo meristem establishment in shoot regeneration 所有的道路都通向穹顶：茎再生中新生分生组织建立过程中的多细胞动力学

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102733

Yuki Doll, Momoko Ikeuchi

Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) harbor persistent stem cells and give rise to above-ground organs throughout life. In tissue culture-based shoot regeneration, a subpopulation of pluripotent callus cells is specified into SAMs. How callus cells decide whether or not to become SAMs stands as an important question in developmental biology. Furthermore, the developmental basis underlying the de novo construction of dome-shaped SAMs remained largely unknown. Recent high-resolution analyses have revealed the spatiotemporal dynamics of cell fate determination and meristem establishment during shoot regeneration. Cell fates to become meristem are actively determined through interactions between neighboring cells, rather than by cell-autonomous fate transition. Inter-cell layer communication via mobile signal or mechanical cue may enable meristem construction. By integrating recent insights from the two-step tissue culture system in Arabidopsis together with other shoot regeneration systems, we depict the process of de novo meristem establishment as a dynamic multicellular system.

茎尖分生组织（Shoot apical meristems, SAMs）拥有持续存在的干细胞，并在整个生命过程中形成地上器官。在以组织培养为基础的茎再生中，多能愈伤组织细胞亚群被指定为SAMs。愈伤组织细胞如何决定是否成为sam是发育生物学中的一个重要问题。此外，圆顶型地对空导弹从头开始建造的发展基础在很大程度上仍然未知。最近的高分辨率分析揭示了茎再生过程中细胞命运决定和分生组织建立的时空动态。细胞成为分生组织的命运是通过邻近细胞之间的相互作用而不是细胞自主命运转变来主动决定的。通过移动信号或机械线索的细胞间层通信可使分生系统的构建成为可能。通过整合拟南芥两步组织培养系统和其他芽再生系统的最新见解，我们将新生分生组织的建立过程描述为一个动态的多细胞系统。

引用次数: 0

Converging on long and short: The genetics, molecular biology and evolution of heterostyly 向长与短趋同：异花柱的遗传学、分子生物学和进化

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102731

Lele Shang, Karol Gad, Michael Lenhard

Heterostyly is a fascinating floral polymorphism that enhances outcrossing. In heterostylous species the flowers of the two or three morphs differ in multiple traits, including reciprocal reproductive-organ placement and self-incompatibility. These traits are controlled by individual genes within an S-locus supergene, whose suppressed recombination ensures the coordinated inheritance of the morph phenotypes. Recent breakthroughs about the genetic and molecular basis of heterostyly have resulted from studies on many independently evolved instances and include the following: The S-locus is a hemizygous region comprising several individual genes in multiple heterostylous taxa. In many systems, a single gene within the S-locus plays dual roles in regulating both female traits of style length and self-incompatibility type, often involving brassinosteroid signalling. The S-loci have evolved through stepwise or segmental duplication in different lineages. The frequent breakdown of heterostyly generally results from individual mutations at the S-locus and leads to a genomic selfing syndrome. These discoveries suggest convergent and genetically constrained evolution of heterostyly at the molecular level.

异质花柱是一种迷人的花型多态性，可以增强异交。在异花柱种中，两种或三种形态的花在许多性状上不同，包括生殖器官的相互位置和自交不亲和。这些性状由s位点超基因内的单个基因控制，其抑制重组确保了形态表型的协调遗传。近年来，对异花柱的遗传和分子基础的研究取得了新的突破，包括：s位点是由多个异花柱分类群中的几个单独基因组成的半合子区域。在许多系统中，s位点内的单个基因在调节花柱长度和自交不亲和型的雌性性状中起双重作用，通常涉及油菜素内酯信号。s基因座在不同的世系中通过逐步或分段重复进化而来。异花柱的频繁破裂通常是由s位点的个体突变引起的，并导致基因组自交综合征。这些发现表明异花柱在分子水平上的趋同进化和遗传约束进化。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical control of plant organ growth: Lessons from the seed 植物器官生长的机械控制：来自种子的教训

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102737

Jeanne Braat, Benoit Landrein

Plant organ growth is governed by the mechanical properties of individual cells but also by mechanical interactions between adjacent cells and tissues. These interactions generate forces that are sensed, triggering mechanical responses that influence essential cellular processes important for growth and differentiation. However, the extent to which cell mechanical properties and responses to forces shape organ size and form, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, remain poorly understood due to the inherent complexity of plant organ morphogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in understanding the mechanics of plant organ development, focusing on insights gained from studying Arabidopsis seed development. We illustrate how mechanical interactions between tissues contribute to the regulation of seed growth and provide a framework for exploring the role of mechanics in shaping plant morphology.

植物器官的生长不仅受单个细胞的力学特性的支配，还受相邻细胞和组织之间的力学相互作用的支配。这些相互作用产生被感知的力，触发影响生长和分化重要的基本细胞过程的机械反应。然而，由于植物器官形态发生固有的复杂性，细胞的机械特性和对力的反应在多大程度上塑造了器官的大小和形状，以及这些过程背后的分子机制，仍然知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了植物器官发育机制的最新进展，重点介绍了从拟南芥种子发育研究中获得的见解。我们说明了组织之间的机械相互作用如何促进种子生长的调节，并为探索力学在塑造植物形态中的作用提供了一个框架。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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